Pub Date : 2022-12-26DOI: 10.54987/jobimb.v10isp2.720
Najah Hafizah Musa, Zhengmian Chang, Y. H. Teow, N. Rosli, A. Mohammad
Antimicrobial coatings have become a key component of the worldwide microbial infection mitigation plan. A wide range of alternatives for designing surfaces with antimicrobial qualities is now accessible, attributed to the recent developments in materials science, biotechnology, and environmental microbiology. Antimicrobial coatings have a big role to control the spread of disease, preventing microbial colonisation on the substrate used in various applications. The antimicrobial coatings could be formed on the substrate by utilizing the polymer with antimicrobial properties or incorporating the antimicrobial agents into the polymer. By manipulating the use of polymers and surrounding conditions, the antimicrobial activity of the coating could be tailored accordingly. Due to the difference in physicochemical properties of both antimicrobial polymers and agents, the antimicrobial mechanism could be demonstrated by antimicrobial agent release, antimicrobial agent retention, contact-killing, and anti-adhesion. This paper provides information on antimicrobial coatings, in terms of the synthesis methods, antimicrobial mechanism, influencing factors, and applications in various industries.
{"title":"A Review on Polymer Based Antimicrobial Coating","authors":"Najah Hafizah Musa, Zhengmian Chang, Y. H. Teow, N. Rosli, A. Mohammad","doi":"10.54987/jobimb.v10isp2.720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54987/jobimb.v10isp2.720","url":null,"abstract":"Antimicrobial coatings have become a key component of the worldwide microbial infection mitigation plan. A wide range of alternatives for designing surfaces with antimicrobial qualities is now accessible, attributed to the recent developments in materials science, biotechnology, and environmental microbiology. Antimicrobial coatings have a big role to control the spread of disease, preventing microbial colonisation on the substrate used in various applications. The antimicrobial coatings could be formed on the substrate by utilizing the polymer with antimicrobial properties or incorporating the antimicrobial agents into the polymer. By manipulating the use of polymers and surrounding conditions, the antimicrobial activity of the coating could be tailored accordingly. Due to the difference in physicochemical properties of both antimicrobial polymers and agents, the antimicrobial mechanism could be demonstrated by antimicrobial agent release, antimicrobial agent retention, contact-killing, and anti-adhesion. This paper provides information on antimicrobial coatings, in terms of the synthesis methods, antimicrobial mechanism, influencing factors, and applications in various industries.","PeriodicalId":15132,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86794357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-26DOI: 10.54987/jobimb.v10isp2.726
Neo Kwang Yea, S. R. Abdullah, N. Ismail, S. S. N. Sharuddin
An effective wastewater treatment is a must to prevent water resources from being polluted. In this research, the method used was biological treatment with sequencing batch reactor (SBR) as the reactor to treatment synthetic wastewater. There were four stages involved in operation of SBR, which were fill, react, settle, and draw. Synthetic wastewater is being used as influent with C:N ratio = 500:50. Three hydraulic retention time (HRT)being tested, which were 24 h, 12 h, and 8 h. ORP, DO and pH were monitored online and its relationship with nutrient removal (ammonium, nitrate, nitrite, and phosphate) was observed. HRT 12 h and 8 h achieved similar performance among the three HRTs being tested while HRT 24 h achieved lowest percentage removal of nutrient.
{"title":"Effect of HRTs on COD and Nutrient Removal in Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) Process","authors":"Neo Kwang Yea, S. R. Abdullah, N. Ismail, S. S. N. Sharuddin","doi":"10.54987/jobimb.v10isp2.726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54987/jobimb.v10isp2.726","url":null,"abstract":"An effective wastewater treatment is a must to prevent water resources from being polluted. In this research, the method used was biological treatment with sequencing batch reactor (SBR) as the reactor to treatment synthetic wastewater. There were four stages involved in operation of SBR, which were fill, react, settle, and draw. Synthetic wastewater is being used as influent with C:N ratio = 500:50. Three hydraulic retention time (HRT)being tested, which were 24 h, 12 h, and 8 h. ORP, DO and pH were monitored online and its relationship with nutrient removal (ammonium, nitrate, nitrite, and phosphate) was observed. HRT 12 h and 8 h achieved similar performance among the three HRTs being tested while HRT 24 h achieved lowest percentage removal of nutrient.","PeriodicalId":15132,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86280036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-26DOI: 10.54987/jobimb.v10isp2.721
Nur Zafirah Aliah Baharuddin, N. T. Kofli
Bedak sejuk is a local cosmetic product produced from the natural fermentation of rice and can be placed in a group of green cosmetic products. Current traditional forms of production in beads require change for modern applications i.e. compact face powder. For that reason, the initial study was executed on the formulation to change it into compact powder based on three selected parameters which were bedak sejuk contents, binding agent concentrations (ethanol) and the amount of oil-absorbing agent (virgin coconut oil) used. Data obtained were analyzed using the One Factor At Time (OFAT) based on three tests which are drop test (height and weight) and its capacity to absorb oil. Based on the results, it is found that the best formulation for compact powder formulation (lowest cracking) was found at 50% bedak sejuk composition with 0.5 mol binding agent and 0.3 ml virgin coconut oil. This study indicates that bedak sejuk has the potential to be modernized for modern applications.
{"title":"Study on Compact Powder Formulation from Fermented Rice Powder (Bedak Sejuk)","authors":"Nur Zafirah Aliah Baharuddin, N. T. Kofli","doi":"10.54987/jobimb.v10isp2.721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54987/jobimb.v10isp2.721","url":null,"abstract":"Bedak sejuk is a local cosmetic product produced from the natural fermentation of rice and can be placed in a group of green cosmetic products. Current traditional forms of production in beads require change for modern applications i.e. compact face powder. For that reason, the initial study was executed on the formulation to change it into compact powder based on three selected parameters which were bedak sejuk contents, binding agent concentrations (ethanol) and the amount of oil-absorbing agent (virgin coconut oil) used. Data obtained were analyzed using the One Factor At Time (OFAT) based on three tests which are drop test (height and weight) and its capacity to absorb oil. Based on the results, it is found that the best formulation for compact powder formulation (lowest cracking) was found at 50% bedak sejuk composition with 0.5 mol binding agent and 0.3 ml virgin coconut oil. This study indicates that bedak sejuk has the potential to be modernized for modern applications.","PeriodicalId":15132,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84583002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-26DOI: 10.54987/jobimb.v10isp2.723
Ahmad Taufeq Ismadi Ahmad Zakki, Muhammad Zulhaziman Mat Salleh, S. Amran, S. Harun
Lignin is a complex polymer class formed from the cell wall, it is an organic polymer with a variety of biological aspects and industrial applications. Deep eutectic solvent (DES) has been introduced as a green solvent to dissolve lignin from lignocellulosic biomass. DESs typically have low vapor pressure, high heat stability, low toxicity and biodegradation which are the ideal features for lignocellulosic biomass pre-treatment. In this work, Conductor-like Screening Model for Real Solvents (COSMO-RS) was used to determine the suitable DESs for lignin degradation. The performance of the selected DESs was tested on lignin monomeric compounds, commercial lignin and the actual biomass of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB). Three DESs were used to test its lignin dissolution capability, i.e. choline chloride:urea (ChCl:Ur) (1:2), choline chloride:glycerol (ChCl:Gly) (1:2) and choline chloride:glucose ( ChCl:Glu) (1:1). The saturation points of dissolving each lignin type were determined for each DES. It was experimentally found that ChCl:Ur (1:2) could dissolve more lignin than ChCl:Gly (1:2) and ChCl:Glu (1:1). This work shows the possibility of using DES to dissolve lignin structures for biomass pretreatment and utilization.
{"title":"Solubility Study of Lignin Monomeric Compounds in Deep Eutectic Solvents for Biomass Waste Pre-treatment","authors":"Ahmad Taufeq Ismadi Ahmad Zakki, Muhammad Zulhaziman Mat Salleh, S. Amran, S. Harun","doi":"10.54987/jobimb.v10isp2.723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54987/jobimb.v10isp2.723","url":null,"abstract":"Lignin is a complex polymer class formed from the cell wall, it is an organic polymer with a variety of biological aspects and industrial applications. Deep eutectic solvent (DES) has been introduced as a green solvent to dissolve lignin from lignocellulosic biomass. DESs typically have low vapor pressure, high heat stability, low toxicity and biodegradation which are the ideal features for lignocellulosic biomass pre-treatment. In this work, Conductor-like Screening Model for Real Solvents (COSMO-RS) was used to determine the suitable DESs for lignin degradation. The performance of the selected DESs was tested on lignin monomeric compounds, commercial lignin and the actual biomass of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB). Three DESs were used to test its lignin dissolution capability, i.e. choline chloride:urea (ChCl:Ur) (1:2), choline chloride:glycerol (ChCl:Gly) (1:2) and choline chloride:glucose ( ChCl:Glu) (1:1). The saturation points of dissolving each lignin type were determined for each DES. It was experimentally found that ChCl:Ur (1:2) could dissolve more lignin than ChCl:Gly (1:2) and ChCl:Glu (1:1). This work shows the possibility of using DES to dissolve lignin structures for biomass pretreatment and utilization.","PeriodicalId":15132,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87932605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-26DOI: 10.54987/jobimb.v10isp2.728
Jaga Sahsiny Jaganathan, S. R. Abdullah, N. Ismail, S. S. N. Sharuddin
Due to the growth and development of the aquaculture industry, appropriate wastewater treatment is needed to reduce uncontrolled pollution and environmental impacts. Therefore, this research uses green technology method, which is the coagulation-flocculation process to treat aquaculture wastewater. Natural flocculants have been the focus of research of many research due to the negative impact from using chemical flocculant. In this study, the potentiality of local plants of moringa leaves and seed (Moringa oleifera), banana pith (Musa), neem leave (Azadirachta indica) and Pandan leave (Pandanus amaryllifolius) as bioflocculant were studied. This study also focuses on nutrient recovery. The potential of sludge obtained through the coagulation-flocculation process as fertilizer was investigated in comparison with commercial fertilizer. Through this study, it is shown that Moringa oleifera seed recorded the highest rate of suspended solid removal from synthetic kaolin water at 36.7% and highest turbidity removal rate at 34.8%. Previous studies have shown that aquaculture sludge contains 1.27 % of nitrate, 0.32 % of phosphorus and 0.65 % of potassium. The characteristics of sludge produced through the process of coagulation-flocculation resembles organic fertilizer. This shows that treated aquaculture sludge has potential to be used as an organic fertilizer. With this, it can promote the use of sustainable green technology for effective aquaculture wastewater treatment.
{"title":"Coagulation-Flocculation Process of Nutrient-Rich Suspended Solids from Aquaculture Effluent Using Bioflocculant","authors":"Jaga Sahsiny Jaganathan, S. R. Abdullah, N. Ismail, S. S. N. Sharuddin","doi":"10.54987/jobimb.v10isp2.728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54987/jobimb.v10isp2.728","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the growth and development of the aquaculture industry, appropriate wastewater treatment is needed to reduce uncontrolled pollution and environmental impacts. Therefore, this research uses green technology method, which is the coagulation-flocculation process to treat aquaculture wastewater. Natural flocculants have been the focus of research of many research due to the negative impact from using chemical flocculant. In this study, the potentiality of local plants of moringa leaves and seed (Moringa oleifera), banana pith (Musa), neem leave (Azadirachta indica) and Pandan leave (Pandanus amaryllifolius) as bioflocculant were studied. This study also focuses on nutrient recovery. The potential of sludge obtained through the coagulation-flocculation process as fertilizer was investigated in comparison with commercial fertilizer. Through this study, it is shown that Moringa oleifera seed recorded the highest rate of suspended solid removal from synthetic kaolin water at 36.7% and highest turbidity removal rate at 34.8%. Previous studies have shown that aquaculture sludge contains 1.27 % of nitrate, 0.32 % of phosphorus and 0.65 % of potassium. The characteristics of sludge produced through the process of coagulation-flocculation resembles organic fertilizer. This shows that treated aquaculture sludge has potential to be used as an organic fertilizer. With this, it can promote the use of sustainable green technology for effective aquaculture wastewater treatment.","PeriodicalId":15132,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"138 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80122614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-26DOI: 10.54987/jobimb.v10isp2.730
R. Rohani, Pettymilonna Anak Michael, Khalefa A. Faneer, Nurul Izzati Izni Md Yusof, Puteri Mimie Isma Nordin
This work is aimed to develop polyethersulfone (PES) nanofiltration (NF) membrane with layer-by-layer (LBL) polyelectrolytes of chitosan (CHI) and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) for xylitol purification from fermentation broth. Different number of bilayers and type of terminating layer were manipulated for producing more hydrophilicity, negatively charged with improved performance compared to pristine PES membrane. Successful deposition of polyelectrolyte layers onto PES membrane was able to be proven using various tests such as contact angle, Zetasizer and FT-IR. The results obtained have proven that LBL can develop PES membrane with higher resistance to fouling. From Zeta potential analysis, the value of pristine PES membrane's negativity confirmed the theory of negatively charged substrate for LDL. The negative value of PES membrane increased from -16.5 mV to -32.7 mV after being modified to PES (CHI/PAA)6. From FT-IR spectra, the formation of CHI/PAA complexes on the membrane's surface is confirmed through the presence of stretching peaks of -COOH, -NH3+ and -NH2+ groups The pure water flux reduces from 47.40 ±6.30 L⁄m2.h to 7.40 ±1.64 L⁄m2.h after being modified to PES (CHI/PAA)2. The rejection performance of xylitol for PES (CHI/PAA)2 is higher (84.95%) than pure PES membrane (66.17%), while (CHI/PAA)4 offered the lowest selectivity towards xylitol than arabinose and thus able to obtain higher purity of xylitol as retentate. LBL surface modification using CHI/PAA can develop PES membrane with higher hydrophilicity, negatively charge, and is able to give better xylitol rejection compared to pure PES.
采用壳聚糖(CHI)和聚丙烯酸(PAA)的聚醚砜(PES)纳滤膜对发酵液中木糖醇进行了纯化。不同的双分子层数量和终止层类型被控制以产生更亲水性，负电荷与原始PES膜相比性能提高。通过各种测试，如接触角、Zetasizer和FT-IR，可以证明聚电解质层在PES膜上的成功沉积。实验结果表明，LBL可以制备出具有较高抗污染性能的聚醚砜膜。从Zeta电位分析来看，原始PES膜的负性值证实了LDL底物带负电荷的理论。PES (CHI/PAA)6修饰后，PES膜的负值由-16.5 mV提高到-32.7 mV。在FT-IR光谱上，通过-COOH、-NH3+和-NH2+基团的拉伸峰，证实了CHI/PAA配合物在膜表面的形成，修饰为PES (CHI/PAA)2后，纯水通量从47.40±6.30 L / m2.h降至7.40±1.64 L / m2.h。PES (CHI/PAA)2对木糖醇的截留率(84.95%)高于纯PES膜(66.17%)，而(CHI/PAA)4对木糖醇的选择性比阿拉伯糖最低，因此可以获得更高纯度的木糖醇作为保留物。采用CHI/PAA对LBL进行表面改性，制备的PES膜具有更高的亲水性和负电荷，并且比纯PES具有更好的木糖醇吸附性。
{"title":"Development of Polyethersulfone Nanofiltration Membrane with Layer-by-Layer Method for Xylitol Purification","authors":"R. Rohani, Pettymilonna Anak Michael, Khalefa A. Faneer, Nurul Izzati Izni Md Yusof, Puteri Mimie Isma Nordin","doi":"10.54987/jobimb.v10isp2.730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54987/jobimb.v10isp2.730","url":null,"abstract":"This work is aimed to develop polyethersulfone (PES) nanofiltration (NF) membrane with layer-by-layer (LBL) polyelectrolytes of chitosan (CHI) and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) for xylitol purification from fermentation broth. Different number of bilayers and type of terminating layer were manipulated for producing more hydrophilicity, negatively charged with improved performance compared to pristine PES membrane. Successful deposition of polyelectrolyte layers onto PES membrane was able to be proven using various tests such as contact angle, Zetasizer and FT-IR. The results obtained have proven that LBL can develop PES membrane with higher resistance to fouling. From Zeta potential analysis, the value of pristine PES membrane's negativity confirmed the theory of negatively charged substrate for LDL. The negative value of PES membrane increased from -16.5 mV to -32.7 mV after being modified to PES (CHI/PAA)6. From FT-IR spectra, the formation of CHI/PAA complexes on the membrane's surface is confirmed through the presence of stretching peaks of -COOH, -NH3+ and -NH2+ groups The pure water flux reduces from 47.40 ±6.30 L⁄m2.h to 7.40 ±1.64 L⁄m2.h after being modified to PES (CHI/PAA)2. The rejection performance of xylitol for PES (CHI/PAA)2 is higher (84.95%) than pure PES membrane (66.17%), while (CHI/PAA)4 offered the lowest selectivity towards xylitol than arabinose and thus able to obtain higher purity of xylitol as retentate. LBL surface modification using CHI/PAA can develop PES membrane with higher hydrophilicity, negatively charge, and is able to give better xylitol rejection compared to pure PES.","PeriodicalId":15132,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90322242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-26DOI: 10.54987/jobimb.v10isp2.725
Nurul Hidayah Harun, R. Rohani, Nur Syafiqah Farhanah Dzulkharnien
The use of nanoparticles (nps) for surface coating has increased the researcher's interest in it due to its inherent properties, especially from metal oxide such as zinc oxide (ZnO). It is ideal for combining the coating solution because of its low cost and smaller pigments. Bio-organic materials are used for synthesis of ZnO to produce green or eco-friendly products as well as to replace polymers derived from traditional petroleum. This study aimed to incorporate ZnO into the surface coating with its potential properties to be used as an effective surface coating material. This study was focused on the synthesis of ZnO from waste cooking oil (WCO) via encapsulation of ZnO with APO obtained from WCO, followed by characterization and testing for its suitability in surface coating application. The characteristics of ZnO nps were studied by using the infrared spectroscopy of Fourier transformation (FTIR), x-ray diffraction (XRD), UV spectrum (UV-Vis) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). FTIR analysis is unable to confirm the existence of ZnO nps because it does not show maximum absorption at wavelength of 421 cm-1. X-ray (XRD) shows the particles are in high amorphous conditions. ZnO nps exhibits UV-VIS absorption at a wavelength 330 nm that provides anti-UV property. Analysis from SEM showed Zn element is absent in the dispersion of ZnO-APO paint morphology. In addition, the effectiveness of the antibacterial properties of the ZnO nps for surface coating does not show any inhibition of the bacteria, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae). Therefore, better methods of production need to be examined to help in the encapsulation of ZnO nps. The suitability of the organic or inorganic surface coating material is also needed to be explored in by further characterizing the materials based on its composition, strength and effectiveness.
{"title":"Characterization of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle from Waste Cooking Oil for Surface Coating","authors":"Nurul Hidayah Harun, R. Rohani, Nur Syafiqah Farhanah Dzulkharnien","doi":"10.54987/jobimb.v10isp2.725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54987/jobimb.v10isp2.725","url":null,"abstract":"The use of nanoparticles (nps) for surface coating has increased the researcher's interest in it due to its inherent properties, especially from metal oxide such as zinc oxide (ZnO). It is ideal for combining the coating solution because of its low cost and smaller pigments. Bio-organic materials are used for synthesis of ZnO to produce green or eco-friendly products as well as to replace polymers derived from traditional petroleum. This study aimed to incorporate ZnO into the surface coating with its potential properties to be used as an effective surface coating material. This study was focused on the synthesis of ZnO from waste cooking oil (WCO) via encapsulation of ZnO with APO obtained from WCO, followed by characterization and testing for its suitability in surface coating application. The characteristics of ZnO nps were studied by using the infrared spectroscopy of Fourier transformation (FTIR), x-ray diffraction (XRD), UV spectrum (UV-Vis) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). FTIR analysis is unable to confirm the existence of ZnO nps because it does not show maximum absorption at wavelength of 421 cm-1. X-ray (XRD) shows the particles are in high amorphous conditions. ZnO nps exhibits UV-VIS absorption at a wavelength 330 nm that provides anti-UV property. Analysis from SEM showed Zn element is absent in the dispersion of ZnO-APO paint morphology. In addition, the effectiveness of the antibacterial properties of the ZnO nps for surface coating does not show any inhibition of the bacteria, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae). Therefore, better methods of production need to be examined to help in the encapsulation of ZnO nps. The suitability of the organic or inorganic surface coating material is also needed to be explored in by further characterizing the materials based on its composition, strength and effectiveness.","PeriodicalId":15132,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82727914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-26DOI: 10.54987/jobimb.v10isp2.727
Noraziah Mamat, S. R. Abdullah, H. Hasan, N. Ismail, S. S. N. Sharuddin
Phytoremediation was used in this study to polish treated palm oil mill effluent using Azolla pinnata. The effectiveness of phytoremediation using A. pinnata can be proved through the reduction of the contamination concentration of wastewater before and after treatment. Preliminary study was made to determine the range of variables that are required for Response Surface Methodology (RSM) software. The variables for this study are the quantity of A. pinnata (20-30 grams), the concentration of palm oil mill effluent (60% -10%), and retention time (1-5 days). Characterization of palm oil mill effluent showed the BOD concentration (285 mg/L), and oil and grease (68.1 mg/L) above the emission standards, the Environment Quality Act 1974, (2005). The highest percentage of effectiveness to eliminate contamination after treatment is ammonia nitrate with an average efficiency of 93%. Meanwhile, the process of BOD removal efficiency percentage is the lowest at 46%. The optimization process has been done using the software Design Expert®. Through Variance analysis, the percentage of effectiveness to eliminate the BOD is not significant for the quadratic equation. Optimum conditions for phytoremediation of the palm oil mill effluent using A. pinnata are quantity of A. pinnata (30 g), the concentration of palm oil mill effluent (10%) and retention time (4.7 days) with the reliability or desirability at 0.9. Maximum percentage of effectiveness removal for BOD, COD, TS, TSS, oil and grease, NH3-H and phosphate are 63.67%, 80.02%, 85.89%, 80.58%, 81.50%, 98.44%, 92.92% and 0.90%, respectively.
{"title":"Polishing of Treated Palm Oil Mill Effluent Using Azolla pinnata","authors":"Noraziah Mamat, S. R. Abdullah, H. Hasan, N. Ismail, S. S. N. Sharuddin","doi":"10.54987/jobimb.v10isp2.727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54987/jobimb.v10isp2.727","url":null,"abstract":"Phytoremediation was used in this study to polish treated palm oil mill effluent using Azolla pinnata. The effectiveness of phytoremediation using A. pinnata can be proved through the reduction of the contamination concentration of wastewater before and after treatment. Preliminary study was made to determine the range of variables that are required for Response Surface Methodology (RSM) software. The variables for this study are the quantity of A. pinnata (20-30 grams), the concentration of palm oil mill effluent (60% -10%), and retention time (1-5 days). Characterization of palm oil mill effluent showed the BOD concentration (285 mg/L), and oil and grease (68.1 mg/L) above the emission standards, the Environment Quality Act 1974, (2005). The highest percentage of effectiveness to eliminate contamination after treatment is ammonia nitrate with an average efficiency of 93%. Meanwhile, the process of BOD removal efficiency percentage is the lowest at 46%. The optimization process has been done using the software Design Expert®. Through Variance analysis, the percentage of effectiveness to eliminate the BOD is not significant for the quadratic equation. Optimum conditions for phytoremediation of the palm oil mill effluent using A. pinnata are quantity of A. pinnata (30 g), the concentration of palm oil mill effluent (10%) and retention time (4.7 days) with the reliability or desirability at 0.9. Maximum percentage of effectiveness removal for BOD, COD, TS, TSS, oil and grease, NH3-H and phosphate are 63.67%, 80.02%, 85.89%, 80.58%, 81.50%, 98.44%, 92.92% and 0.90%, respectively.","PeriodicalId":15132,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88379163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-02DOI: 10.54987/jobimb.v10i1.659
E. Agbo, O. Ejinaka, Obiorah E. Okechukwu, Obeta M. Uchejeso, Jwanse I. Rinpan, Ifeoma E Lote-Nwaru
The presence of biofilm-forming Pseudomonas aeruginosa on noncritical surfaces in a hospital has been attributed to healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) leading to multidrug-resistant (MDR) infections. This study is aimed at identifying the molecular characteristics of Biofilm forming Pseudomonas aeruginosa found on non-critical surfaces in a hospital environment. Samples were collected using the swab technique from different noncritical surfaces surrounding hospitalized patients in different wards namely sphygmomanometers, thermometers, bed rails etc. Bacterial analysis was performed by using conventional microbiological techniques, biochemical tests and Microbact 24E assay. Biofilm forming Pseudomonas aeruginosa were visualized using Crystal Violet staining assay and then estimated by measuring the Optical Density through Spectrophotometer. Four hundred and fifty (450) positive samples of bacterial isolates from noncritical surfaces of six selected wards of the hospital were obtained from one thousand three hundred and fourteen (1314) samples. One hundred and thirty-nine (139) isolates of Pseudomonas spp. were obtained, out of which 115 (82.73%) were identified as biofilm formers. Of these 115 biofilm formers, 83(72.17%) belonged to Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 30(22.09) Pseudomonas fluorescens, 20(17.39%) Pseudomonas putida and 6(5.22%) belongs to Pseudomonas chlorophis. The final characterization of Biofilm forming Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates was verified by 16S rDNA sequencing. Sequence analysis showed similarity at 99.5% Pearson`s correlation coefficient (r) between 16S rDNA of the representative standard isolate (from gene library) and Biofilm forming Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain obtained from the Tertiary health facility, Federal Medical Centre (FMC), Umuahia. The nucleotide sequence of the experimental isolates expressed genetic mutation which represents the point of involvement of Pel B gene and is involved in the biofilm formation character of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in this study. There is an urgent need to take nosocomial transmission from noncritical surfaces serious in FMC Umuahia.
{"title":"Molecular Identification of Biofilm-forming Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates from Noncritical Surfaces of a Tertiary Healthcare Center in Abia State, Southeast Nigeria","authors":"E. Agbo, O. Ejinaka, Obiorah E. Okechukwu, Obeta M. Uchejeso, Jwanse I. Rinpan, Ifeoma E Lote-Nwaru","doi":"10.54987/jobimb.v10i1.659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54987/jobimb.v10i1.659","url":null,"abstract":"The presence of biofilm-forming Pseudomonas aeruginosa on noncritical surfaces in a hospital has been attributed to healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) leading to multidrug-resistant (MDR) infections. This study is aimed at identifying the molecular characteristics of Biofilm forming Pseudomonas aeruginosa found on non-critical surfaces in a hospital environment. Samples were collected using the swab technique from different noncritical surfaces surrounding hospitalized patients in different wards namely sphygmomanometers, thermometers, bed rails etc. Bacterial analysis was performed by using conventional microbiological techniques, biochemical tests and Microbact 24E assay. Biofilm forming Pseudomonas aeruginosa were visualized using Crystal Violet staining assay and then estimated by measuring the Optical Density through Spectrophotometer. Four hundred and fifty (450) positive samples of bacterial isolates from noncritical surfaces of six selected wards of the hospital were obtained from one thousand three hundred and fourteen (1314) samples. One hundred and thirty-nine (139) isolates of Pseudomonas spp. were obtained, out of which 115 (82.73%) were identified as biofilm formers. Of these 115 biofilm formers, 83(72.17%) belonged to Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 30(22.09) Pseudomonas fluorescens, 20(17.39%) Pseudomonas putida and 6(5.22%) belongs to Pseudomonas chlorophis. The final characterization of Biofilm forming Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates was verified by 16S rDNA sequencing. Sequence analysis showed similarity at 99.5% Pearson`s correlation coefficient (r) between 16S rDNA of the representative standard isolate (from gene library) and Biofilm forming Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain obtained from the Tertiary health facility, Federal Medical Centre (FMC), Umuahia. The nucleotide sequence of the experimental isolates expressed genetic mutation which represents the point of involvement of Pel B gene and is involved in the biofilm formation character of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in this study. There is an urgent need to take nosocomial transmission from noncritical surfaces serious in FMC Umuahia.","PeriodicalId":15132,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86392724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-31DOI: 10.54987/jobimb.v10i1.712
M. Marwana, S. Tijjani, A. Bashir, B.M. Isyaku, K. Hamza, G. Muhammad, I. Lawal, A. Musa, K. Lawal
This study aimed to determine the prevalence of dermatophytosis infections among patients attending National obstetrics fistula center Babbar-ruga hospital, Katsina state. A total number of 100 patients were diagnosed, (40/100) were males and 60% (60/100) were females, giving a gender ratio of 3:2 (males: females), 40% of the participants were of the age range 10-29 years and 60% of age from 14-21 years respectively. Out of 60 cases, a total of 53 dermatophytes were isolated belonging to the genera Trichophyton and Microsporum. The most frequently isolated dermatophytes were Trichophyton mentagrophyte (26.41% 14/53), followed by Microsporum audouinii (22.64% 12/53), Trichophyton rubrum (15.09% 8/53), Trichophyton schoenleinii (7.547% 4/53), Microsporum gypseum (5.660% 3/53) and the least were Microsporum canis (9.433% 5/53) and Trichophyton tonsurans (9.433% 5/53), Trichophyton verrucosum (3.77% 2/53). Although 38 cases (63.33%) had single infections with dermatophytes, mixed infections with 2-4 dermatophytes of the genera Microsporum and Trichophyton were observed in 15 cases (36.67%). 67% (10/15) of the mixed infections were with Microsporum and Trichophyton species, 20% (3/15) were with Microsporum species alone, and 13.3 %( 2/15) were with Trichophyton species alone. This study indicates an outstanding prevalence of dermatophytosis infection among patients who shared combs and scarves and who owned pets; this suggests a thriving animal-human transmission route of dermatophytes and the potentiality of the fomites. The research proposes intensive health promotion and education interventions to promote hygiene practices among patients.
{"title":"Prevalence of Dermatophytosis Infection Among Patients Attending National Obstetric Fistula Centre Babbar-Ruga Hospital, Katsina State","authors":"M. Marwana, S. Tijjani, A. Bashir, B.M. Isyaku, K. Hamza, G. Muhammad, I. Lawal, A. Musa, K. Lawal","doi":"10.54987/jobimb.v10i1.712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54987/jobimb.v10i1.712","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to determine the prevalence of dermatophytosis infections among patients attending National obstetrics fistula center Babbar-ruga hospital, Katsina state. A total number of 100 patients were diagnosed, (40/100) were males and 60% (60/100) were females, giving a gender ratio of 3:2 (males: females), 40% of the participants were of the age range 10-29 years and 60% of age from 14-21 years respectively. Out of 60 cases, a total of 53 dermatophytes were isolated belonging to the genera Trichophyton and Microsporum. The most frequently isolated dermatophytes were Trichophyton mentagrophyte (26.41% 14/53), followed by Microsporum audouinii (22.64% 12/53), Trichophyton rubrum (15.09% 8/53), Trichophyton schoenleinii (7.547% 4/53), Microsporum gypseum (5.660% 3/53) and the least were Microsporum canis (9.433% 5/53) and Trichophyton tonsurans (9.433% 5/53), Trichophyton verrucosum (3.77% 2/53). Although 38 cases (63.33%) had single infections with dermatophytes, mixed infections with 2-4 dermatophytes of the genera Microsporum and Trichophyton were observed in 15 cases (36.67%). 67% (10/15) of the mixed infections were with Microsporum and Trichophyton species, 20% (3/15) were with Microsporum species alone, and 13.3 %( 2/15) were with Trichophyton species alone. This study indicates an outstanding prevalence of dermatophytosis infection among patients who shared combs and scarves and who owned pets; this suggests a thriving animal-human transmission route of dermatophytes and the potentiality of the fomites. The research proposes intensive health promotion and education interventions to promote hygiene practices among patients.","PeriodicalId":15132,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"2013 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73876826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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