Journal of biomechanics最新文献_第4页

Understanding muscle energy expenditure variations following selective dorsal rhizotomy while maintaining consistent energy consumption 了解选择性背根切断术后肌肉能量消耗的变化，同时保持一致的能量消耗。

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q3 BIOPHYSICS

Journal of biomechanics

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112497

Emiliano Pablo Ravera , Adam Rozumalski

Increased energy demands during walking is a recurrent issue for children with cerebral palsy (CP). Given the high incidence of spasticity in these children, several authors have analyzed the impact of selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) on energy consumption during walking, typically showing minimal changes post-SDR. To further investigate muscle behavior after SDR, our recent study identified alterations in individual muscle force production without changes in muscle activation during walking. This suggests that children with CP may experience a more favorable dynamic scenario for developing sub-maximal muscle forces after SDR, due to reduced spasticity unlocking joint movement. Thus, this raises questions about whether these changes in muscle force production could lead to increased muscle energy expenditure, which may not be fully reflected in overall energy consumption.

The aim of this study was to build upon our previous research on muscle behavior after SDR by evaluating the surgery’s impact on individual muscle energy expenditure during walking, using neuro-musculoskeletal simulations. Our research compared two matched groups comprising 81 children with CP: those who underwent SDR and those who did not.

Our results showed no significant changes in overall energy consumption or total muscle energy expenditure in either group post-surgery. However, we observed alterations in individual muscle energy expenditure during walking in the SDR group compared to children with CP who received other treatments. Compared to the findings from our first study, we observed a significant decrease in spasticity of the plantarflexor muscles, an improvement in ankle joint angle, an increase in individual muscle force during walking, and no statistically significant changes in energy expenditure of the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles post-SDR. These findings, along with the absence of changes in muscle activity post-SDR, support the hypothesis that muscle tissue alterations contribute to energy deficits observed in children with CP during walking.

行走时能量需求增加是脑瘫（CP）患儿反复出现的问题。鉴于这些儿童痉挛的高发生率，一些作者分析了选择性背根切断术（SDR）对行走时能量消耗的影响，SDR后通常显示出最小的变化。为了进一步研究SDR后的肌肉行为，我们最近的研究发现，在步行过程中，个体肌肉力量产生的改变没有改变肌肉激活。这表明CP患儿在SDR后可能会经历更有利的动态情景，以发展亚最大肌肉力量，因为减少了痉挛解锁关节运动。因此，这就提出了一个问题，即肌肉力量产生的这些变化是否会导致肌肉能量消耗的增加，这可能没有完全反映在总体能量消耗中。本研究的目的是在我们之前对SDR后肌肉行为的研究的基础上，通过使用神经-肌肉骨骼模拟来评估手术对行走过程中个体肌肉能量消耗的影响。我们的研究比较了两组相匹配的81名CP患儿：一组接受SDR治疗，另一组未接受SDR治疗。我们的结果显示，两组手术后的总能量消耗或总肌肉能量消耗没有显著变化。然而，与接受其他治疗的CP儿童相比，我们观察到SDR组行走时个体肌肉能量消耗的变化。与我们的第一项研究结果相比，我们观察到跖屈肌痉挛明显减少，踝关节角度改善，行走时个体肌肉力量增加，sdr后腓肠肌和比目鱼肌的能量消耗没有统计学上的显著变化。这些发现，加上sdr后肌肉活动没有变化，支持了肌肉组织改变导致CP患儿行走时能量不足的假设。

{"title":"Understanding muscle energy expenditure variations following selective dorsal rhizotomy while maintaining consistent energy consumption","authors":"Emiliano Pablo Ravera , Adam Rozumalski","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112497","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112497","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Increased energy demands during walking is a recurrent issue for children with cerebral palsy (CP). Given the high incidence of spasticity in these children, several authors have analyzed the impact of selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) on energy consumption during walking, typically showing minimal changes post-SDR. To further investigate muscle behavior after SDR, our recent study identified alterations in individual muscle force production without changes in muscle activation during walking. This suggests that children with CP may experience a more favorable dynamic scenario for developing sub-maximal muscle forces after SDR, due to reduced spasticity unlocking joint movement. Thus, this raises questions about whether these changes in muscle force production could lead to increased muscle energy expenditure, which may not be fully reflected in overall energy consumption.</div><div>The aim of this study was to build upon our previous research on muscle behavior after SDR by evaluating the surgery’s impact on individual muscle energy expenditure during walking, using neuro-musculoskeletal simulations. Our research compared two matched groups comprising 81 children with CP: those who underwent SDR and those who did not.</div><div>Our results showed no significant changes in overall energy consumption or total muscle energy expenditure in either group post-surgery. However, we observed alterations in individual muscle energy expenditure during walking in the SDR group compared to children with CP who received other treatments. Compared to the findings from our first study, we observed a significant decrease in spasticity of the plantarflexor muscles, an improvement in ankle joint angle, an increase in individual muscle force during walking, and no statistically significant changes in energy expenditure of the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles post-SDR. These findings, along with the absence of changes in muscle activity post-SDR, support the hypothesis that muscle tissue alterations contribute to energy deficits observed in children with CP during walking.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomechanics","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 112497"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142970662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Morphological changes to peripheral joints supporting thumb trapezial metacarpal osteoarthritis 支持拇指斜跖骨关节炎的外周关节形态学改变。

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q3 BIOPHYSICS

Journal of biomechanics

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112519

Faes D. Kerkhof , Marco T.Y. Schneider , Tara Shelby , Arnold-Peter C. Weiss , Douglas C. Moore , Joseph J. Crisco , Amy L. Ladd

The present study aims to determine if morphological differences of the scaphoid, trapezoid, and second metacarpal are associated with thumb osteoarthritis by comparing three-dimensional bone models of healthy controls and osteoarthritis patients. Fifty-eight patients with moderate to severe thumb osteoarthritis (modified Eaton ≥ II) and 35 healthy controls from a larger completed investigation were examined. To quantify morphological variations, a statistical shape model was created that classified binary with respect to the Eaton grading system: non-osteoarthritis or moderate/severe osteoarthritis (II-IV). Three-dimensional surface models based on computed tomography images from the scaphoid, trapezoid, and second metacarpal were used to “train” the statistical shape model and yielded features that best explain variation within the three bones: the principal components These principal components were tested for significant differences between patient and control group. Additionally, a statistical shape model entailing all three bones was created. For the second metacarpal, only a single principal component was significantly associated with osteoarthritis (p = 0.035). The combined model utilizing all three bones, however, showed that with using one principal component of each of the bones, we could classify a sample as moderate/severe trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis with an accuracy of 0.77. No individual shape components of the scaphoid or trapezoid significantly correlated to osteoarthritis. This study affirms that basilar thumb osteoarthritis is not limited to the trapeziometacarpal joint. Future studies investigating surrounding bones and joints as contributors to disease occurrence or progression will provide a more holistic insight into the prevention, diagnostic, and treatment of thumb osteoarthritis.

本研究旨在通过比较健康对照和骨关节炎患者的三维骨模型，确定舟状骨、梯形骨和第二掌骨的形态差异是否与拇指骨关节炎有关。58例中度至重度拇指骨关节炎患者（改良Eaton≥II）和35名健康对照者来自一项更大的已完成调查。为了量化形态学变化，创建了一个统计形状模型，根据伊顿分级系统对二元分类：非骨关节炎或中度/重度骨关节炎（II-IV）。基于舟状骨、梯形骨和第二掌骨的计算机断层扫描图像的三维表面模型被用来“训练”统计形状模型，并产生最能解释三块骨头内部变化的特征：主成分这些主成分在患者和对照组之间进行了显著差异测试。此外，还创建了包含所有三个骨骼的统计形状模型。对于第二掌骨，只有一个主成分与骨关节炎显著相关（p = 0.035）。然而，利用所有三个骨骼的组合模型表明，使用每个骨骼的一个主成分，我们可以将样本分类为中度/重度斜跖骨关节炎，准确率为0.77。没有舟状骨或梯形的单个形状成分与骨关节炎显著相关。本研究证实，拇指基底骨关节炎并不局限于掌方关节。未来研究周围骨骼和关节对疾病发生或进展的影响，将为拇指骨关节炎的预防、诊断和治疗提供更全面的见解。

{"title":"Morphological changes to peripheral joints supporting thumb trapezial metacarpal osteoarthritis","authors":"Faes D. Kerkhof , Marco T.Y. Schneider , Tara Shelby , Arnold-Peter C. Weiss , Douglas C. Moore , Joseph J. Crisco , Amy L. Ladd","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112519","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112519","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study aims to determine if morphological differences of the scaphoid, trapezoid, and second metacarpal are associated with thumb osteoarthritis by comparing three-dimensional bone models of healthy controls and osteoarthritis patients. Fifty-eight patients with moderate to severe thumb osteoarthritis (modified Eaton ≥ II) and 35 healthy controls from a larger completed investigation were examined. To quantify morphological variations, a statistical shape model was created that classified binary with respect to the Eaton grading system: non-osteoarthritis or moderate/severe osteoarthritis (II-IV). Three-dimensional surface models based on computed tomography images from the scaphoid, trapezoid, and second metacarpal were used to “train” the statistical shape model and yielded features that best explain variation within the three bones: the principal components These principal components were tested for significant differences between patient and control group. Additionally, a statistical shape model entailing all three bones was created. For the second metacarpal, only a single principal component was significantly associated with osteoarthritis (p = 0.035). The combined model utilizing all three bones, however, showed that with using one principal component of each of the bones, we could classify a sample as moderate/severe trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis with an accuracy of 0.77. No individual shape components of the scaphoid or trapezoid significantly correlated to osteoarthritis. This study affirms that basilar thumb osteoarthritis is not limited to the trapeziometacarpal joint. Future studies investigating surrounding bones and joints as contributors to disease occurrence or progression will provide a more holistic insight into the prevention, diagnostic, and treatment of thumb osteoarthritis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomechanics","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 112519"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143005423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Concurrent validity of skin-based motion capture systems in measuring dynamic lumbar intervertebral angles 基于皮肤的运动捕捉系统在测量动态腰椎椎间角的同时有效性。

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q3 BIOPHYSICS

Journal of biomechanics

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112503

Mona Frey , Alexander Breen , Jacqueline Rix , Diana De Carvalho

Spine kinematics are commonly measured by external sensors such as motion capture and accelerometers. However, these skin-based measures cannot directly capture intervertebral motion of the lumbar spine. To date, research in this area has focused on the estimation of intervertebral kinematics using static trials but no study has analyzed agreement throughout the dynamic range of motion. This study investigated the agreement between skin-based sensors (accelerometers and motion capture) and quantitative fluoroscopy (QF) in measuring lumbar spine kinematics for the duration of complete flexion and extension motion in a healthy female population. Twenty female participants (age 30–57, BMI < 30) were guided through a standing flexion and extension bending protocol while spine kinematics were concurrently measured by QF (L2, L3, L4, L5, and S1) and motion capture sensors and accelerometers positioned over the spinous processes of L2, L4, and S1. Intervertebral angles (L2-L4, L4-S1, L2-S1) and individual vertebrae levels were compared between measures. Non-parametric limits of agreement between QF and skin-based markers were greatest at the end-range of motion for both flexion and extension, but differences increased variably between participants, sometimes over-and sometimes underestimating angles, thus, disproving the common assumption that it increases linearly. The two skin-based marker systems showed good agreement with one another showing that they can be used interchangeably but they can only be used to estimate lumbar spine kinematics. Normalizing angles to a change in angle and considering the posture of instrumentation would be beneficial to reduce potential sources of errors.

脊柱运动学通常由外部传感器测量，如运动捕捉和加速度计。然而，这些基于皮肤的测量不能直接捕捉腰椎的椎间运动。迄今为止，该领域的研究主要集中在使用静态试验估计椎间运动学，但没有研究分析整个动态运动范围的一致性。本研究调查了基于皮肤的传感器（加速度计和运动捕捉）和定量透视（QF）在测量健康女性人群腰椎完全屈伸运动持续时间的运动学方面的一致性。20名女性参与者（年龄30-57岁，BMI）

{"title":"Concurrent validity of skin-based motion capture systems in measuring dynamic lumbar intervertebral angles","authors":"Mona Frey , Alexander Breen , Jacqueline Rix , Diana De Carvalho","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112503","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112503","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Spine kinematics are commonly measured by external sensors such as motion capture and accelerometers. However, these skin-based measures cannot directly capture intervertebral motion of the lumbar spine. To date, research in this area has focused on the estimation of intervertebral kinematics using static trials but no study has analyzed agreement throughout the dynamic range of motion. This study investigated the agreement between skin-based sensors (accelerometers and motion capture) and quantitative fluoroscopy (QF) in measuring lumbar spine kinematics for the duration of complete flexion and extension motion in a healthy female population. Twenty female participants (age 30–57, BMI < 30) were guided through a standing flexion and extension bending protocol while spine kinematics were concurrently measured by QF (L2, L3, L4, L5, and S1) and motion capture sensors and accelerometers positioned over the spinous processes of L2, L4, and S1. Intervertebral angles (L2-L4, L4-S1, L2-S1) and individual vertebrae levels were compared between measures. Non-parametric limits of agreement between QF and skin-based markers were greatest at the end-range of motion for both flexion and extension, but differences increased variably between participants, sometimes over-and sometimes underestimating angles, thus, disproving the common assumption that it increases linearly. The two skin-based marker systems showed good agreement with one another showing that they can be used interchangeably but they can only be used to estimate lumbar spine kinematics. Normalizing angles to a change in angle and considering the posture of instrumentation would be beneficial to reduce potential sources of errors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomechanics","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 112503"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143005229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Accounting for fascicle curvature affects muscle architecture characterization in dynamic conditions (isokinetic contractions) 考虑肌束曲率影响动态条件下肌肉结构特征（等速收缩）。

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q3 BIOPHYSICS

Journal of biomechanics

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112520

Baptiste Bizet , Michele Trinchi , Riccardo Magris , Andrea Monte , Paola Zamparo

Investigating muscle architecture in static and dynamic conditions is essential to understand muscle function and muscle adaptations. Muscle architecture analysis, primarily through extended field-of-view ultrasound imaging, offers high reliability at rest but faces limitations during dynamic conditions. Traditional methods often involve “best fitting” straight lines to track muscle fascicles, leading to possible errors, especially with longer fascicles or those with nonlinear paths. Moreover, muscle architecture varies along the same muscle, with potential differences in curvature. This study aimed to develop and test a new software for muscle architecture characterization considering fascicle curvature during dynamic conditions. Muscle architecture data from different muscle regions using various digitalization methods were compared. Ten healthy young adults (24.1 ± 1.6 years; 177.7 ± 7.4 cm; 72.7 ± 7.7 kg; 9M/1F) performed maximal knee extension at 75°.s⁻¹ while B-mode ultrasound images of vastus lateralis muscle were captured in two muscle sites (at 50 % and 83 % of femur length). The analysis involved automated straight-line (ST) methods and custom manual linear extrapolation (MLE) software with segmented fascicle tracking using 2 (MLE2) and 4 (MLE4) segments inside the field of view. Results indicated significant overestimations of fascicle length, muscle belly length and thickness and underestimation of pennation angle using ST compared to MLE methods, especially in the distal region. Intra-rater repeatability for MLE4 was excellent (ICC = 0.93; 0.90; 0.93; 0.88, respectively; P < 0.001), while inter-rater reliability varied. This study confirms the need to consider fascicle curvature for accurate resting muscle architecture characterization, even in the middle region of the muscle, and extends these considerations to dynamic conditions.

研究静态和动态条件下的肌肉结构对于理解肌肉功能和肌肉适应是必不可少的。肌肉结构分析，主要是通过扩展视场超声成像，在静止时提供高可靠性，但在动态条件下面临局限性。传统的方法通常涉及“最佳拟合”直线来跟踪肌束，这可能导致误差，特别是对于较长的肌束或具有非线性路径的肌束。此外，同一块肌肉的肌肉结构不同，曲率可能不同。本研究旨在开发和测试一种新的软件，用于在动态条件下考虑肌束曲率的肌肉结构表征。采用不同的数字化方法对不同肌肉区域的肌肉结构数据进行比较。健康青年10例（24.1±1.6岁）；177.7±7.4 cm；72.7±7.7 kg；9M/1F)在75°处进行最大膝关节伸展。s-1，而股外侧肌的两个肌肉部位（股骨长度的50%和83%）的b超图像被捕获。分析涉及自动直线（ST）方法和自定义手动线性外推（MLE）软件，使用视场内的2 （MLE2）和4 （MLE4）段进行分割束跟踪。结果表明，与MLE方法相比，ST法明显高估了肌束长度、肌腹长度和厚度，低估了笔触角，尤其是在远端区域。MLE4的内部重复性极好(ICC = 0.93；0.90;0.93;分别为0.88;P

{"title":"Accounting for fascicle curvature affects muscle architecture characterization in dynamic conditions (isokinetic contractions)","authors":"Baptiste Bizet , Michele Trinchi , Riccardo Magris , Andrea Monte , Paola Zamparo","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112520","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112520","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Investigating muscle architecture in static and dynamic conditions is essential to understand muscle function and muscle adaptations. Muscle architecture analysis, primarily through extended field-of-view ultrasound imaging, offers high reliability at rest but faces limitations during dynamic conditions. Traditional methods often involve “best fitting” straight lines to track muscle fascicles, leading to possible errors, especially with longer fascicles or those with nonlinear paths. Moreover, muscle architecture varies along the same muscle, with potential differences in curvature. This study aimed to develop and test a new software for muscle architecture characterization considering fascicle curvature during dynamic conditions. Muscle architecture data from different muscle regions using various digitalization methods were compared. Ten healthy young adults (24.1 ± 1.6 years; 177.7 ± 7.4 cm; 72.7 ± 7.7 kg; 9M/1F) performed maximal knee extension at 75°.s<sup>−1</sup> while B-mode ultrasound images of vastus lateralis muscle were captured in two muscle sites (at 50 % and 83 % of femur length). The analysis involved automated straight-line (ST) methods and custom manual linear extrapolation (MLE) software with segmented fascicle tracking using 2 (MLE2) and 4 (MLE4) segments inside the field of view. Results indicated significant overestimations of fascicle length, muscle belly length and thickness and underestimation of pennation angle using ST compared to MLE methods, especially in the distal region. Intra-rater repeatability for MLE4 was excellent (ICC = 0.93; 0.90; 0.93; 0.88, respectively; P < 0.001), while inter-rater reliability varied. This study confirms the need to consider fascicle curvature for accurate resting muscle architecture characterization, even in the middle region of the muscle, and extends these considerations to dynamic conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomechanics","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 112520"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143006026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparison of shank, rearfoot and forefoot coordination and its variability between runners with different strike patterns 不同击球方式跑步者小腿、后脚和前脚协调性及其可变性的比较。

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q3 BIOPHYSICS

Journal of biomechanics

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112494

Zhen Wei , Hang Xu , Weiquan Zhong , Lin Wang

This study aims to compare shank, rearfoot and forefoot coordination and its variability between runners with habitual rearfoot strike (RFS) and non-RFS (NRFS). 58 healthy males participated in this study (32 RFS, 26 NRFS). Coordination patterns and variability were assessed for the shank, rearfoot, and forefoot segments using a modified vector coding technique during running. RFS runners exhibited significantly greater proportion of anti-phase with distal dominancy (rearfoot) during early and mid-stance, as well as a lower proportion of anti-phase with proximal dominancy (shank) during early stance compared to NRFS runners in frontal rearfoot − transverse shank (FRTS). Conversely, NRFS runners demonstrated significantly greater proportion of anti-phase with distal dominance (forefoot) in the sagittal, frontal, and transverse planes during early stance compared to RFS runners. Coordination variabilities for the FRTS (late stance), frontal rearfoot – frontal forefoot (FRFF) (early and late stance), and frontal rearfoot – transverse forefoot (FRTF) (mid stance) were greater in NRFS than in RFS runners. In contrast, coordination variability for frontal rearfoot – sagittal forefoot (FRSF) (early stance) was greater in RFS than in NRFS runners. The results could further extend the relationship between foot strike pattern and injuries from the perspective of coordination and its variability. Preliminary findings suggest that NRFS runners could benefit from intrinsic foot muscle training to mitigate the sustained loads on the soft tissues of the foot.

本研究旨在比较习惯性后脚着地（RFS）和非后脚着地（NRFS）跑步者的小腿、后脚和前脚协调及其变异性。58名健康男性参与了本研究，其中32例为RFS， 26例为NRFS。在跑步过程中，使用改进的矢量编码技术评估小腿、后脚和前脚部分的协调模式和可变性。RFS跑者在站立早期和站立中期反相远端优势（后足）比例显著高于RFS跑者，而在站立早期反相近端优势（小腿）比例显著低于RFS跑者的前后脚-横腿（FRTS）比例。相反，与RFS跑步者相比，NRFS跑步者在站立早期的矢状面、额面和横面表现出更大比例的远端优势（前足）反相。NRFS组的后脚-前前脚（早、晚站立）、前后脚-横向前脚（中站立）的协调性变异大于RFS组。相比之下，RFS的前后脚-矢状前脚（FRSF）（早期站立）的协调性变异性比NRFS的跑步者更大。研究结果可以从协调性及其变异性的角度进一步拓展足部击球方式与损伤的关系。初步研究结果表明，NRFS跑步者可以从内在的足部肌肉训练中获益，以减轻足部软组织的持续负荷。

{"title":"Comparison of shank, rearfoot and forefoot coordination and its variability between runners with different strike patterns","authors":"Zhen Wei , Hang Xu , Weiquan Zhong , Lin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112494","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112494","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to compare shank, rearfoot and forefoot coordination and its variability between runners with habitual rearfoot strike (RFS) and non-RFS (NRFS). 58 healthy males participated in this study (32 RFS, 26 NRFS). Coordination patterns and variability were assessed for the shank, rearfoot, and forefoot segments using a modified vector coding technique during running. RFS runners exhibited significantly greater proportion of anti-phase with distal dominancy (rearfoot) during early and mid-stance, as well as a lower proportion of anti-phase with proximal dominancy (shank) during early stance compared to NRFS runners in frontal rearfoot − transverse shank (FRTS). Conversely, NRFS runners demonstrated significantly greater proportion of anti-phase with distal dominance (forefoot) in the sagittal, frontal, and transverse planes during early stance compared to RFS runners. Coordination variabilities for the FRTS (late stance), frontal rearfoot – frontal forefoot (FRFF) (early and late stance), and frontal rearfoot – transverse forefoot (FRTF) (mid stance) were greater in NRFS than in RFS runners. In contrast, coordination variability for frontal rearfoot – sagittal forefoot (FRSF) (early stance) was greater in RFS than in NRFS runners. The results could further extend the relationship between foot strike pattern and injuries from the perspective of coordination and its variability. Preliminary findings suggest that NRFS runners could benefit from intrinsic foot muscle training to mitigate the sustained loads on the soft tissues of the foot.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomechanics","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 112494"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142931802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

1D Network computational fluid dynamics for evaluating regional pressures in subjects with cement dust exposure 一维网络计算流体动力学用于评估水泥粉尘暴露受试者的区域压力。

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q3 BIOPHYSICS

Journal of biomechanics

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112501

Minh Tam Tran , Quoc Hung Nguyen , Xinguang Cui , Kum Ju Chae , Sujeong Kim , Ji-Seung Yoo , Sanghun Choi

Cement dust is a primary contributor to air pollution and is responsible for causing numerous respiratory diseases. The impact of cement dust exposure on the respiratory health of residents is increasing owing to the demand for construction associated with urbanization. Long-term inhalation of cement dust leads to a reduction in lung function, alterations in airway structure, increased inhalation and exhalation resistance, and heightened work of breath. In this study, we investigated the effects of cement dust exposure on lung function based on the pulmonary function test (PFT) and one-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (1D CFD). Statistical tests were performed to address the disparity of airway function between healthy and cement dust-exposed participants. The percent predicted values of forced vital capacity percent (FVC%) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV₁%) were found to be decreased in the group of dust-exposed participants. An elevation of regional pressure variation was found in cement dust-exposed airways during both inhalation and exhalation that was associated with alternations of airway structural features therein. The 1D CFD model is beneficial for a cost-effective estimation of airway regional pressure and provides valuable insights for more precise diagnosis and treatment planning in individuals exposed to cement dust.

水泥粉尘是造成空气污染的主要因素，并导致许多呼吸系统疾病。由于城市化建设的需求，水泥粉尘暴露对居民呼吸健康的影响正在增加。长期吸入水泥粉尘会导致肺功能下降，气道结构改变，吸入和呼出阻力增加，呼吸功增加。本研究基于肺功能测试（PFT）和一维计算流体动力学（1D CFD）研究水泥粉尘暴露对肺功能的影响。进行统计检验以解决健康和水泥粉尘暴露参与者之间气道功能的差异。1 s内用力肺活量百分比预测值（FVC%）和用力呼气量（FEV1%）的百分比预测值在粉尘暴露组有所降低。在吸入和呼出期间，在暴露于水泥粉尘的气道中发现区域压力变化的升高，这与气道结构特征的改变有关。一维CFD模型有助于经济有效地估计气道区域压力，并为水泥粉尘暴露个体的更精确诊断和治疗计划提供有价值的见解。

{"title":"1D Network computational fluid dynamics for evaluating regional pressures in subjects with cement dust exposure","authors":"Minh Tam Tran , Quoc Hung Nguyen , Xinguang Cui , Kum Ju Chae , Sujeong Kim , Ji-Seung Yoo , Sanghun Choi","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112501","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112501","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cement dust is a primary contributor to air pollution and is responsible for causing numerous respiratory diseases. The impact of cement dust exposure on the respiratory health of residents is increasing owing to the demand for construction associated with urbanization. Long-term inhalation of cement dust leads to a reduction in lung function, alterations in airway structure, increased inhalation and exhalation resistance, and heightened work of breath. In this study, we investigated the effects of cement dust exposure on lung function based on the pulmonary function test (PFT) and one-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (1D CFD). Statistical tests were performed to address the disparity of airway function between healthy and cement dust-exposed participants. The percent predicted values of forced vital capacity percent (FVC%) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV<sub>1</sub>%) were found to be decreased in the group of dust-exposed participants. An elevation of regional pressure variation was found in cement dust-exposed airways during both inhalation and exhalation that was associated with alternations of airway structural features therein. The 1D CFD model is beneficial for a cost-effective estimation of airway regional pressure and provides valuable insights for more precise diagnosis and treatment planning in individuals exposed to cement dust.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomechanics","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 112501"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142949332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Classification of young adult motor fluctuation phenotypes in gait 年轻人步态运动波动表型的分类。

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q3 BIOPHYSICS

Journal of biomechanics

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112523

Christopher A. Bailey, Alexandre Mir-Orefice, Julie Nantel, Ryan B. Graham

Stride-to-stride fluctuations are natural in gait. These fluctuations are marked by inter-individual variability, suggesting that different fluctuation strategies (i.e., phenotypes) may exist. This study investigates the presence of gait fluctuation phenotypes. Whole-body kinematics were measured from young, healthy males and females (N = 51) while walking on a treadmill at their preferred speed. Motor fluctuation metrics (i.e., magnitude of variability, local dynamic stability, and regularity) were measured for 32 joint angles across the upper and lower body. These metrics were reduced to principal components (PCs) via principal component analysis and then grouped into clusters using the k-means method. One-way ANOVAs were conducted to test for cluster differences in motor fluctuation PCs. Three PCs were extracted, explaining 39.7 % of all 96 motor fluctuation metrics. Higher PC1 scores represent more fluctuation across all joints, higher PC2 scores represent greater upper limb fluctuations with fewer fluctuations in the lower limb, and PC3 scores represent less regularity in fluctuations. PC scores best grouped into four clusters in 54.0 % of iterations. Clusters 1–4 each had a significantly different PC1 score (p < 0.022), and Cluster 3 had a higher PC2 score than all other clusters (p < 0.022). Motor fluctuations in treadmill gait of young adults were characterised by four gait fluctuation phenotypes, interpreted as repeaters, replacers, moderate fluctuators, and mixed fluctuators (i.e. more upper limb but fewer lower limb fluctuations); extending the repeaters vs replacers hypothesis. The identified phenotypes add a new perspective that may help clarify the link between motor fluctuations and gait instability.

步幅之间的波动是步态的自然变化。这些波动以个体间差异为特征，表明可能存在不同的波动策略（即表型）。本研究调查步态波动表型的存在。研究人员测量了51名年轻、健康的男性和女性在跑步机上以自己喜欢的速度行走时的全身运动学。测量上半身和下半身32个关节角度的运动波动指标（即变异性的大小、局部动态稳定性和规律性）。通过主成分分析将这些指标简化为主成分（pc），然后使用k-means方法将其分组为簇。采用单因素方差分析检验运动波动pc的聚类差异。提取了3个pc，解释了全部96个电机波动指标的39.7%。PC1得分越高，代表所有关节的波动越大；PC2得分越高，代表上肢波动越大，下肢波动越少；PC3得分代表波动的规律性越小。在54.0%的迭代中，PC得分最高的是四组。各组1-4的PC1评分差异有统计学意义(p

{"title":"Classification of young adult motor fluctuation phenotypes in gait","authors":"Christopher A. Bailey, Alexandre Mir-Orefice, Julie Nantel, Ryan B. Graham","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112523","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112523","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Stride-to-stride fluctuations are natural in gait. These fluctuations are marked by inter-individual variability, suggesting that different fluctuation strategies (i.e., phenotypes) may exist. This study investigates the presence of gait fluctuation phenotypes. Whole-body kinematics were measured from young, healthy males and females (N = 51) while walking on a treadmill at their preferred speed. Motor fluctuation metrics (i.e., magnitude of variability, local dynamic stability, and regularity) were measured for 32 joint angles across the upper and lower body. These metrics were reduced to principal components (PCs) via principal component analysis and then grouped into clusters using the <em>k</em>-means method. One-way ANOVAs were conducted to test for cluster differences in motor fluctuation PCs. Three PCs were extracted, explaining 39.7 % of all 96 motor fluctuation metrics. Higher PC1 scores represent more fluctuation across all joints, higher PC2 scores represent greater upper limb fluctuations with fewer fluctuations in the lower limb, and PC3 scores represent less regularity in fluctuations. PC scores best grouped into four clusters in 54.0 % of iterations. Clusters 1–4 each had a significantly different PC1 score (p < 0.022), and Cluster 3 had a higher PC2 score than all other clusters (p < 0.022). Motor fluctuations in treadmill gait of young adults were characterised by four gait fluctuation phenotypes, interpreted as repeaters, replacers, moderate fluctuators, and mixed fluctuators (i.e. more upper limb but fewer lower limb fluctuations); extending the repeaters vs replacers hypothesis. The identified phenotypes add a new perspective that may help clarify the link between motor fluctuations and gait instability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomechanics","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 112523"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143005225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Modified chevron osteotomy for the treatment of hallux valgus with unison bioabsorbable screws: Biomechanical research and clinical applications 改良v形截骨术治疗拇外翻的生物力学研究及临床应用。

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q3 BIOPHYSICS

Journal of biomechanics

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112527

Changyi Liu , Dongqi Li , Songning Ma , Hanyang Zhang , Shizhong Zhang , Fei Chang , Peng Liu , Hongwei Zhao , Shuo Jin

Researchers have modified PLA materials to enhance their mechanical properties and meet the clinical requirements. However, the strength and stiffness of PLA are still significantly lower than those of metals. Building on the established chevron clinical procedure and considering the mechanical characteristics of PLA screws, we devised a modified chevron osteotomy (MCO) based on a load-reducing structure with the aim of reducing the load on the screws. Subsequently, in vitro quasi-static in situ compression and dynamic fatigue tests were conducted for both procedures. DIC, micro-CT, and SEM were used to elucidate the unloading effects and structural damage of different bone cutting and implant locations on the PLA bone screws, providing biomechanical data for clinical applications. In-vitro simulation studies indicated that the unloading structure of the MCO procedure reduced the load borne by the PLA screws. Within the load range of the first metatarsal during walking, the MCO procedure exhibited a compressive strength 2.5 times that of the traditional chevron osteotomy groups and even exceeded the titanium alloy screw groups by 25%, ensuring PLA screw fixation strength and stability that are not inferior to metallic materials. A stable load-reducing structure in osteotomy procedures is the key to PLA materials becoming viable alternatives to metal orthopedic fixation devices.

研究人员对聚乳酸材料进行了改性，以提高其力学性能，满足临床要求。然而，PLA的强度和刚度仍然明显低于金属。基于已建立的三角形临床手术并考虑PLA螺钉的力学特性，我们设计了一种基于减载结构的改良三角形截骨术（MCO），目的是减少螺钉的负荷。随后，对这两种工艺进行了体外准静态原位压缩和动态疲劳试验。采用DIC、micro-CT、SEM等技术研究不同切骨位置和种植体位置对PLA骨螺钉的卸载效应和结构损伤，为临床应用提供生物力学数据。体外模拟研究表明，MCO程序的卸载结构降低了PLA螺钉所承受的载荷。在行走时第一跖骨负荷范围内，MCO手术的抗压强度是传统v形截骨组的2.5倍，甚至超过钛合金螺钉组25%，PLA螺钉的固定强度和稳定性不逊于金属材料。在截骨术中，稳定的减载结构是PLA材料成为金属骨科固定装置可行替代品的关键。

{"title":"Modified chevron osteotomy for the treatment of hallux valgus with unison bioabsorbable screws: Biomechanical research and clinical applications","authors":"Changyi Liu , Dongqi Li , Songning Ma , Hanyang Zhang , Shizhong Zhang , Fei Chang , Peng Liu , Hongwei Zhao , Shuo Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112527","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112527","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Researchers have modified PLA materials to enhance their mechanical properties and meet the clinical requirements. However, the strength and stiffness of PLA are still significantly lower than those of metals. Building on the established chevron clinical procedure and considering the mechanical characteristics of PLA screws, we devised a modified chevron osteotomy (MCO) based on a load-reducing structure with the aim of reducing the load on the screws. Subsequently, in vitro quasi-static in situ compression and dynamic fatigue tests were conducted for both procedures. DIC, micro-CT, and SEM were used to elucidate the unloading effects and structural damage of different bone cutting and implant locations on the PLA bone screws, providing biomechanical data for clinical applications. In-vitro simulation studies indicated that the unloading structure of the MCO procedure reduced the load borne by the PLA screws. Within the load range of the first metatarsal during walking, the MCO procedure exhibited a compressive strength 2.5 times that of the traditional chevron osteotomy groups and even exceeded the titanium alloy screw groups by 25%, ensuring PLA screw fixation strength and stability that are not inferior to metallic materials. A stable load-reducing structure in osteotomy procedures is the key to PLA materials becoming viable alternatives to metal orthopedic fixation devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomechanics","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 112527"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143005432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reliable and streamlined model setup for digital twin assessment of fracture healing

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q3 BIOPHYSICS

Journal of biomechanics

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112492

Mehran Bahrami , Kylie Frew , John Hughes , Hannah L. Dailey

In large animal models of bone fracture repair, postmortem torsional testing is commonly used to assess healing biomechanics. Bending and axial tests are physiologically relevant, but much less commonly performed. Virtual torsional testing using image-based finite element models has been validated to postmortem bench tests, but its predictive value for capturing whole-bone mechanics and fracture healing quality under other physiologically relevant loading modes has not yet been established. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between mechanical biomarkers derived from virtual torsion, axial, and bending tests under strict alignment and malalignment conditions. Computed tomography (CT) scans from 24 intact and operated sheep tibiae and 29 human tibial fractures were used to create digital twins that were subjected to torsion, axial, and bending tests. The results indicated that torsional rigidity is a strong surrogate for bending flexural rigidity in both ovine and human bones. Torsional rigidity and axial stiffness were strongly correlated in the ovine data, but only moderately in human fractures due to the complex fracture patterns. Axial testing was highly prone to stiffness estimation errors as high as 50% if the applied load and anatomic axis were not perfectly aligned. In contrast, torsional rigidity had errors <1.3% for all malalignment scenarios. Based on this study, virtual torsional rigidity is the recommended summary mechanical biomarker of bone healing because it captures variations in healing biomechanics that are present in other loading modes with a simple setup that is insensitive to alignment error.

在骨折修复的大型动物模型中，死后扭转测试通常用于评估愈合的生物力学。弯曲和轴向测试与生理相关，但较少进行。使用基于图像的有限元模型进行的虚拟扭转测试已通过死后台架测试的验证，但其在其他生理相关加载模式下捕捉全骨力学和骨折愈合质量的预测价值尚未确定。因此，本研究的目的是评估在严格对齐和错位条件下进行虚拟扭转、轴向和弯曲测试所得出的力学生物标志物之间的关联。研究人员利用 24 根完整和手术过的绵羊胫骨以及 29 根人类胫骨骨折的计算机断层扫描（CT）创建了数字双胞胎，并对其进行了扭转、轴向和弯曲测试。结果表明，在绵羊和人类骨骼中，扭转刚度是弯曲挠曲刚度的有力替代物。在绵羊的数据中，扭转刚度和轴向刚度具有很强的相关性，但在人类骨折中，由于骨折形态复杂，扭转刚度和轴向刚度仅具有适度的相关性。如果施加的载荷和解剖轴线不完全一致，轴向测试极易产生高达50%的刚度估计误差。相比之下，扭转刚度的误差为

{"title":"Reliable and streamlined model setup for digital twin assessment of fracture healing","authors":"Mehran Bahrami , Kylie Frew , John Hughes , Hannah L. Dailey","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112492","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112492","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In large animal models of bone fracture repair, postmortem torsional testing is commonly used to assess healing biomechanics. Bending and axial tests are physiologically relevant, but much less commonly performed. Virtual torsional testing using image-based finite element models has been validated to postmortem bench tests, but its predictive value for capturing whole-bone mechanics and fracture healing quality under other physiologically relevant loading modes has not yet been established. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between mechanical biomarkers derived from virtual torsion, axial, and bending tests under strict alignment and malalignment conditions. Computed tomography (CT) scans from 24 intact and operated sheep tibiae and 29 human tibial fractures were used to create digital twins that were subjected to torsion, axial, and bending tests. The results indicated that torsional rigidity is a strong surrogate for bending flexural rigidity in both ovine and human bones. Torsional rigidity and axial stiffness were strongly correlated in the ovine data, but only moderately in human fractures due to the complex fracture patterns. Axial testing was highly prone to stiffness estimation errors as high as 50% if the applied load and anatomic axis were not perfectly aligned. In contrast, torsional rigidity had errors <1.3% for all malalignment scenarios. Based on this study, virtual torsional rigidity is the recommended summary mechanical biomarker of bone healing because it captures variations in healing biomechanics that are present in other loading modes with a simple setup that is insensitive to alignment error.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomechanics","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 112492"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143052644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

BIASMECHANICS: Does an unconscious bias still persist in biomechanics, positioning males as the default in human research? A meta-analysis on the Journal of Biomechanics 2024 publications

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q3 BIOPHYSICS

Journal of biomechanics

Pub Date : 2025-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112560

Eline van der Kruk

Articles published in the Journal of Biomechanics still reflect bias, with males positioned as the default in human research. This meta-analysis on the 2024 articles reveals a large disparity in female representation. One in four studies showed an imbalance (<30 % female representation) favouring male participants, while only 8 % favoured females. Male-only studies outnumbered female-only studies by over fivefold. Of particular concern is that male-only studies often lack justification for their single-gender focus, whereas female-only studies typically provide clear reasoning. This inconsistency not only lacks accountability but also reinforces the notion that male data is the standard in biomechanics research. I named this issue biasmechanics to encourage efforts to address them. While there are valid scientific reasons for focusing on specific gender/sex groups, this should not be the default. Authors must consider sex- and gender-based differences, and reviewers and editors should adopt stricter standards for accepting articles with unjustified imbalances. The Journal of Biomechanics could establish standardized guidelines promoting equitable representation in research. Exclusions of any sex or gender must include clear scientific justification in the introduction and methodology sections. The discussion and limitations sections should assess the implications of such exclusions, including their effects on validity, generalizability, and bias. If appropriate, titles and abstracts should clearly indicate single-sex or gender-specific studies to ensure transparency about the research’s scope and applicability. By collectively affirming as a scientific community that, except for legitimate scientific justification, we oppose the exclusion of female participants, we can shift the default approach in our research studies.

{"title":"BIASMECHANICS: Does an unconscious bias still persist in biomechanics, positioning males as the default in human research? A meta-analysis on the Journal of Biomechanics 2024 publications","authors":"Eline van der Kruk","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112560","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112560","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Articles published in the Journal of Biomechanics still reflect bias, with males positioned as the default in human research. This meta-analysis on the 2024 articles reveals a large disparity in female representation. One in four studies showed an imbalance (<30 % female representation) favouring male participants, while only 8 % favoured females. Male-only studies outnumbered female-only studies by over fivefold. Of particular concern is that male-only studies often lack justification for their single-gender focus, whereas female-only studies typically provide clear reasoning. This inconsistency not only lacks accountability but also reinforces the notion that male data is the standard in biomechanics research. I named this issue <!-->to encourage efforts to address them. While there are valid scientific reasons for focusing on specific gender/sex groups, this should not be the default. Authors must consider sex- and gender-based differences, and reviewers and editors should adopt stricter standards for accepting articles with unjustified imbalances. The <em>Journal of Biomechanics</em> could establish standardized guidelines promoting equitable representation in research. Exclusions of any sex or gender must include clear scientific justification in the introduction and methodology sections. The discussion and limitations sections should assess the implications of such exclusions, including their effects on validity, generalizability, and bias. If appropriate, titles and abstracts should clearly indicate single-sex or gender-specific studies to ensure transparency about the research’s scope and applicability. By collectively affirming as a scientific community that, except for legitimate scientific justification, we oppose the exclusion of female participants, we can shift the default approach in our research studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomechanics","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 112560"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143145739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0