Pub Date : 2024-06-15DOI: 10.1007/s12038-024-00456-5
Anand Kumar Purushothaman, Srikanth Natarajan, Trailokyanath Panigrahi, E. J. R. Nelson
{"title":"Diagnosis and treatment of cystic fibrosis in India: What is at stake for developing countries?","authors":"Anand Kumar Purushothaman, Srikanth Natarajan, Trailokyanath Panigrahi, E. J. R. Nelson","doi":"10.1007/s12038-024-00456-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12038-024-00456-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141336470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Immunotherapy is a promising and safer alternative to conventional cancer therapies. It involves adaptive T-cell therapy, cancer vaccines, monoclonal antibodies, immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) based therapies. However, most of these modalities encounter restrictions in solid tumours owing to a dense, highly hypoxic and immune-suppressive microenvironment as well as the heterogeneity of tumour antigens. The elevated intra-tumoural pressure and mutational rates within fast-growing solid tumours present challenges in efficient drug targeting and delivery. The tumour microenvironment is a dynamic niche infiltrated by a variety of immune cells, most of which are macrophages. Since they form a part of the innate immune system, targeting macrophages has become a plausible immunotherapeutic approach. In this review, we discuss several versatile approaches (both at pre-clinical and clinical stages) such as the direct killing of tumour-associated macrophages, reprogramming pro-tumour macrophages to anti-tumour phenotypes, inhibition of macrophage recruitment into the tumour microenvironment, novel CAR macrophages, and genetically engineered macrophages that have been devised thus far. These strategies comprise a strong and adaptable macrophage-toolkit in the ongoing fight against cancer and by understanding their significance, we may unlock the full potential of these immune cells in cancer therapy.
免疫疗法是传统癌症疗法的一种前景广阔且更安全的替代疗法。它包括适应性 T 细胞疗法、癌症疫苗、单克隆抗体、免疫检查点阻断(ICB)和基于嵌合抗原受体(CAR)的疗法。然而,由于实体瘤的微环境致密、高度缺氧、免疫抑制以及肿瘤抗原的异质性,这些疗法在实体瘤中大多受到限制。在快速生长的实体瘤中,瘤内压力和突变率的升高给高效药物靶向和递送带来了挑战。肿瘤微环境是一个由各种免疫细胞浸润的动态龛位,其中大部分是巨噬细胞。由于巨噬细胞是先天性免疫系统的一部分,因此靶向巨噬细胞已成为一种可行的免疫治疗方法。在这篇综述中,我们将讨论几种多用途方法(包括临床前和临床阶段),如直接杀死肿瘤相关巨噬细胞、将原肿瘤巨噬细胞重编程为抗肿瘤表型、抑制巨噬细胞招募进入肿瘤微环境、新型 CAR 巨噬细胞和基因工程巨噬细胞等。通过了解这些策略的意义,我们可以充分挖掘这些免疫细胞在癌症治疗中的潜力。
{"title":"Harnessing the innate immune system by revolutionizing macrophage-mediated cancer immunotherapy","authors":"Gayatri Reghu, Praveen Kumar Vemula, Sarita Ganapathy Bhat, Sreeja Narayanan","doi":"10.1007/s12038-024-00441-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12038-024-00441-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Immunotherapy is a promising and safer alternative to conventional cancer therapies. It involves adaptive T-cell therapy, cancer vaccines, monoclonal antibodies, immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) based therapies. However, most of these modalities encounter restrictions in solid tumours owing to a dense, highly hypoxic and immune-suppressive microenvironment as well as the heterogeneity of tumour antigens. The elevated intra-tumoural pressure and mutational rates within fast-growing solid tumours present challenges in efficient drug targeting and delivery. The tumour microenvironment is a dynamic niche infiltrated by a variety of immune cells, most of which are macrophages. Since they form a part of the innate immune system, targeting macrophages has become a plausible immunotherapeutic approach. In this review, we discuss several versatile approaches (both at pre-clinical and clinical stages) such as the direct killing of tumour-associated macrophages, reprogramming pro-tumour macrophages to anti-tumour phenotypes, inhibition of macrophage recruitment into the tumour microenvironment, novel CAR macrophages, and genetically engineered macrophages that have been devised thus far. These strategies comprise a strong and adaptable macrophage-toolkit in the ongoing fight against cancer and by understanding their significance, we may unlock the full potential of these immune cells in cancer therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":15171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141257914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-04DOI: 10.1007/s12038-024-00445-8
Jaime Cofre
We have extensively described that the neoplastic process (NP) has deep evolutionary roots and we have made specific predictions about the connection between cancer and the formation of the first embryo, which allowed for the evolutionary radiation of metazoans. My main hypothesis is that the NP is at the heart of cellular mechanisms responsible for animal morphogenesis, and given its embryological basis, also at the center of cell differentiation—one of the most interesting and relevant aspects of embryogenesis. In this article, I take forward the idea of the role of physics in the modeling of the neoplastic functional module (NFM) and its contribution to morphogenesis to reveal the totipotency of the zygote. In my consideration of these arguments, I examine mechanical and biophysical clues and their intimate connection with cellular differentiation. I expound on how cancer biology is perfectly intertwined with embryonic differentiation and why it is considered a disease of cell differentiation. The neoplasia is controlled by textural gradients that lead to cell differentiation within the embryo. Thus, the embryo would be a benign tumor. Finally, inspired by evolutionary history and by what the nervous system represents for current biology and based on the impressive nervous system of ctenophores as seen in fossil records, I propose a hypothesis with physical foundations (mechanical morphogenesis) for the formation of a preneural pattern of the nervous system of the first animal embryo.
{"title":"The first embryo, the origin of cancer and animal phylogeny. III. The totipotency as revealed by morphogenesis and the neoplasia controlled by cellular differentiation","authors":"Jaime Cofre","doi":"10.1007/s12038-024-00445-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12038-024-00445-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We have extensively described that the neoplastic process (NP) has deep evolutionary roots and we have made specific predictions about the connection between cancer and the formation of the first embryo, which allowed for the evolutionary radiation of metazoans. My main hypothesis is that the NP is at the heart of cellular mechanisms responsible for animal morphogenesis, and given its embryological basis, also at the center of cell differentiation—one of the most interesting and relevant aspects of embryogenesis. In this article, I take forward the idea of the role of physics in the modeling of the neoplastic functional module (NFM) and its contribution to morphogenesis to reveal the totipotency of the zygote. In my consideration of these arguments, I examine mechanical and biophysical clues and their intimate connection with cellular differentiation. I expound on how cancer biology is perfectly intertwined with embryonic differentiation and why it is considered a disease of cell differentiation. The neoplasia is controlled by textural gradients that lead to cell differentiation within the embryo. Thus, the embryo would be a benign tumor. Finally, inspired by evolutionary history and by what the nervous system represents for current biology and based on the impressive nervous system of ctenophores as seen in fossil records, I propose a hypothesis with physical foundations (mechanical morphogenesis) for the formation of a preneural pattern of the nervous system of the first animal embryo.</p>","PeriodicalId":15171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141259795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-25DOI: 10.1007/s12038-024-00422-1
K Supriya, Nagappa Karabasanavar, C B Madhavaprasad, G K Sivaraman, P S Girish, Prashantkumar Waghe, A M Kotresh, Mohamed Nadeem Fairoze
Milk is a source of essential nutrients, but food safety across the milk supply chain has emerged as an integral part of food trade. Of the several food safety hazards, antimicrobial-resistant Staphylococcus species have emerged as one of the major microbial hazards with significant public health concerns. The present cross-sectional study was undertaken with the objective to isolate Staphylococcus species from the milk supply chain, characterize isolates for antimicrobial resistance, and trace the origin of isolates using molecular techniques. Samples collected from the formal and informal milk supply chains showed prevalence of Staphylococcus species of 4.3% (n=720); isolates were identified as coagulase-positive (S. aureus 67.7% and S. intermedius 6.4%) and coagulase-negative (S. lentus 9.6%, S. sciuri 3.2%, S. xylosus 3.2%, S. schleiferi 3.2%, S. felis 3.2%, and S. gallinarum 3.2%) species. Staphylococcus isolates showed antimicrobial resistance to methicillin (32.2%), β-lactam (41.9%), and macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (3.2%). Staphylococcus isolates phenotypically resistant to methicillin also carried the mecA gene and displayed diverse pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) profiles, indicating their diverse origins in the milk supply chain. Based on the similarity of PFGE profile, the origin of one of the Staphylococcus isolates was traced to the soil in contact with milch cows. The findings of this study highlight the need for more comprehensive microbial risk analysis studies across the milk supply chain, capacity building, creation of awareness among stakeholders about the judicious use of antimicrobials, and protection of public health using a One-Health approach.
{"title":"Milk supply chain as a reservoir of antimicrobial-resistant Staphylococcus species","authors":"K Supriya, Nagappa Karabasanavar, C B Madhavaprasad, G K Sivaraman, P S Girish, Prashantkumar Waghe, A M Kotresh, Mohamed Nadeem Fairoze","doi":"10.1007/s12038-024-00422-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12038-024-00422-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Milk is a source of essential nutrients, but food safety across the milk supply chain has emerged as an integral part of food trade. Of the several food safety hazards, antimicrobial-resistant <i>Staphylococcus</i> species have emerged as one of the major microbial hazards with significant public health concerns. The present cross-sectional study was undertaken with the objective to isolate <i>Staphylococcus</i> species from the milk supply chain, characterize isolates for antimicrobial resistance, and trace the origin of isolates using molecular techniques. Samples collected from the formal and informal milk supply chains showed prevalence of <i>Staphylococcus</i> species of 4.3% (<i>n</i>=720); isolates were identified as coagulase-positive (<i>S. aureus</i> 67.7% and <i>S. intermedius</i> 6.4%) and coagulase-negative (<i>S. lentus</i> 9.6%, <i>S. sciuri</i> 3.2%, <i>S. xylosus</i> 3.2%, <i>S. schleiferi</i> 3.2%, <i>S. felis</i> 3.2%, and <i>S. gallinarum</i> 3.2%) species. <i>Staphylococcus</i> isolates showed antimicrobial resistance to methicillin (32.2%), β-lactam (41.9%), and macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (3.2%). <i>Staphylococcus</i> isolates phenotypically resistant to methicillin also carried the <i>mec</i>A gene and displayed diverse pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) profiles, indicating their diverse origins in the milk supply chain. Based on the similarity of PFGE profile, the origin of one of the <i>Staphylococcus</i> isolates was traced to the soil in contact with milch cows. The findings of this study highlight the need for more comprehensive microbial risk analysis studies across the milk supply chain, capacity building, creation of awareness among stakeholders about the judicious use of antimicrobials, and protection of public health using a One-Health approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":15171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141151706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-25DOI: 10.1007/s12038-024-00446-7
Yusuke Yamada, Kuniaki Suzuki, Hana Yanagishita, Ko Noguchi
ATP-uncoupling alternative oxidase (AOX) in the plant respiratory chain is often induced under stress conditions such as low temperature (LT). The importance of AOX in photosynthesis has been examined, and leaves having larger amounts of AOX tended to show larger decrease in photosynthetic electron transport rate (ETR) by AOX inhibition. However, the details were not clarified. Here, we used three ecotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana which differed in AOX amounts and their responses to LT, and examined whether AOX amount was related to the degree of decrease in ETR by AOX inhibition. In Tiv-0, which originates from a warmer site, grown at high temperature (HT), AOX inhibition decreased ETR, but not in the other ecotypes. LT treatment significantly increased ETR and AOX, especially in Bur-0, but AOX inhibition did not decrease ETR in LT plants of any ecotype. AOX inhibition significantly increased the non-regulated energy dissipation in photosystem II (PSII), Y(NO), and decreased the maximal quantum yield of PSII, Fv/Fm, especially in LT plants. Since AOX inhibition did not affect the parameters of PSI, AOX inhibition may directly affect the reaction center of PSII in LT plants.
{"title":"Roles of mitochondrial alternative oxidase in photosynthetic electron transport in illuminated leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana at low temperature","authors":"Yusuke Yamada, Kuniaki Suzuki, Hana Yanagishita, Ko Noguchi","doi":"10.1007/s12038-024-00446-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12038-024-00446-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>ATP-uncoupling alternative oxidase (AOX) in the plant respiratory chain is often induced under stress conditions such as low temperature (LT). The importance of AOX in photosynthesis has been examined, and leaves having larger amounts of AOX tended to show larger decrease in photosynthetic electron transport rate (ETR) by AOX inhibition. However, the details were not clarified. Here, we used three ecotypes of <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> which differed in AOX amounts and their responses to LT, and examined whether AOX amount was related to the degree of decrease in ETR by AOX inhibition. In Tiv-0, which originates from a warmer site, grown at high temperature (HT), AOX inhibition decreased ETR, but not in the other ecotypes. LT treatment significantly increased ETR and AOX, especially in Bur-0, but AOX inhibition did not decrease ETR in LT plants of any ecotype. AOX inhibition significantly increased the non-regulated energy dissipation in photosystem II (PSII), Y(NO), and decreased the maximal quantum yield of PSII, <i>F</i><sub>v</sub>/<i>F</i><sub>m</sub>, especially in LT plants. Since AOX inhibition did not affect the parameters of PSI, AOX inhibition may directly affect the reaction center of PSII in LT plants.</p>","PeriodicalId":15171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141151764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-25DOI: 10.1007/s12038-024-00442-x
Gunjan Purohit, Akila Ramesh, Anant B Patel, Jyotsna Dhawan
Adult muscle tissue largely comprised of differentiated myofibers also harbors quiescent muscle-resident stem cells (MuSCs) that are responsible for its maintenance, repair and regeneration. Emerging evidence suggests that quiescent MuSCs exhibit a specific metabolic state, which is regulated during physiological and pathological alterations. However, a detailed understanding of the metabolic state of quiescent MuSCs and its alteration during activation and repair is lacking. Direct profiling of MuSCs in vivo is challenging because the cells are rare and dispersed, while isolation and enrichment leads to their activation and loss of quiescence. In this study, we employed 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to profile metabolites in an established culture model of quiescent MuSC-derived myoblasts and compared with activated, proliferative and differentiated muscle cells to determine the state-specific metabolome. We report that the proliferating and differentiated cells are highly enriched in metabolites involved in energy generation, the quiescent state is enriched in metabolites related to phospholipid catabolism (glycerophosphocholine and choline) and depleted for phosphocholine which is enriched in proliferating cells. We propose that the ratio of these metabolites may be useful as a biomarker of MuSC quiescence.
{"title":"NMR-based comparative metabolomics of quiescent muscle cells","authors":"Gunjan Purohit, Akila Ramesh, Anant B Patel, Jyotsna Dhawan","doi":"10.1007/s12038-024-00442-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12038-024-00442-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Adult muscle tissue largely comprised of differentiated myofibers also harbors quiescent muscle-resident stem cells (MuSCs) that are responsible for its maintenance, repair and regeneration. Emerging evidence suggests that quiescent MuSCs exhibit a specific metabolic state, which is regulated during physiological and pathological alterations. However, a detailed understanding of the metabolic state of quiescent MuSCs and its alteration during activation and repair is lacking. Direct profiling of MuSCs <i>in vivo</i> is challenging because the cells are rare and dispersed, while isolation and enrichment leads to their activation and loss of quiescence. In this study, we employed <sup>1</sup>H-nuclear magnetic resonance<b> (</b>NMR) spectroscopy to profile metabolites in an established culture model of quiescent MuSC-derived myoblasts and compared with activated, proliferative and differentiated muscle cells to determine the state-specific metabolome. We report that the proliferating and differentiated cells are highly enriched in metabolites involved in energy generation, the quiescent state is enriched in metabolites related to phospholipid catabolism (glycerophosphocholine and choline) and depleted for phosphocholine which is enriched in proliferating cells. We propose that the ratio of these metabolites may be useful as a biomarker of MuSC quiescence.</p>","PeriodicalId":15171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141154000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-21DOI: 10.1007/s12038-024-00438-7
Manchiryala Ravikanth, Nagarajan Baskaran
{"title":"Abundance and age structure of critically endangered long-billed (Gyps indicus) and white-rumped (G. bengalensis) vultures at the breeding colonies of Kaghaznagar Forest Division and its adjoining areas in the Deccan Plateau, India.","authors":"Manchiryala Ravikanth, Nagarajan Baskaran","doi":"10.1007/s12038-024-00438-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12038-024-00438-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141116762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A high level of disorder in many viral proteins is a direct consequence of their small genomes, which makes interaction with multiple binding partners a necessity for infection and pathogenicity. A segment of the flaviviral capsid protein (C), also known as the molecular recognition feature (MoRF), undergoes a disorder-to-order transition upon binding to several protein partners. To understand their role in pathogenesis, MoRFs were identified and their occurrence across different flaviviral capsids were studied. Despite lack of sequence similarities, docking studies of Cs with the host proteins indicate conserved interactions involving MoRFs across members of phylogenetic subclades. Additionally, it was observed from the protein–protein networks that some MoRFs preferentially bind proteins that are involved in specialized functions such as ribosome biogenesis. The findings point to the importance of MoRFs in the flaviviral life cycle, with important consequences for disease progression and suppression of the host immune system. Potentially, they might have impacted the way flaviviruses evolved to infect varied hosts using multiple vectors.
{"title":"Intrinsic disorder in flaviviral capsid proteins and its role in pathogenesis","authors":"Anirudh Sundar, Pavithra Umashankar, Priyanka Sankar, Kavitha Ramasamy, Sangita Venkataraman","doi":"10.1007/s12038-024-00439-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12038-024-00439-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A high level of disorder in many viral proteins is a direct consequence of their small genomes, which makes interaction with multiple binding partners a necessity for infection and pathogenicity. A segment of the flaviviral capsid protein (C), also known as the molecular recognition feature (MoRF), undergoes a disorder-to-order transition upon binding to several protein partners. To understand their role in pathogenesis, MoRFs were identified and their occurrence across different flaviviral capsids were studied. Despite lack of sequence similarities, docking studies of Cs with the host proteins indicate conserved interactions involving MoRFs across members of phylogenetic subclades. Additionally, it was observed from the protein–protein networks that some MoRFs preferentially bind proteins that are involved in specialized functions such as ribosome biogenesis. The findings point to the importance of MoRFs in the flaviviral life cycle, with important consequences for disease progression and suppression of the host immune system. Potentially, they might have impacted the way flaviviruses evolved to infect varied hosts using multiple vectors.</p>","PeriodicalId":15171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141061386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-07DOI: 10.1007/s12038-023-00416-5
Devlina Sarkar, Sudip Kundu
Metabolism is the key cellular process of plant physiology. Understanding metabolism and its dynamical behavior under different conditions may help plant biotechnologists to design new cultivars with desired goals. Computational systems biochemistry and incorporation of different omics data unravelled active metabolism and its variations in plants. In this review, we mainly focus on the basics of flux balance analysis (FBA), elementary flux mode analysis (EFMA), and some advanced computational tools. We describe some important results that were obtained using these tools. Limitations and challenges are also discussed.
{"title":"Systems biology of plant metabolic interactions","authors":"Devlina Sarkar, Sudip Kundu","doi":"10.1007/s12038-023-00416-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12038-023-00416-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Metabolism is the key cellular process of plant physiology. Understanding metabolism and its dynamical behavior under different conditions may help plant biotechnologists to design new cultivars with desired goals. Computational systems biochemistry and incorporation of different omics data unravelled active metabolism and its variations in plants. In this review, we mainly focus on the basics of flux balance analysis (FBA), elementary flux mode analysis (EFMA), and some advanced computational tools. We describe some important results that were obtained using these tools. Limitations and challenges are also discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":15171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140883385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-03DOI: 10.1007/s12038-024-00419-w
T M Jeevan, Dayal Devadas, A K Jaiswar
Fish of the genus Hypselobarbus (Bleeker 1860) are widely dispersed in the rivers of the Western Ghats in India and endemic to southern Indian peninsular freshwaters. These are small- to medium-sized fishes of the family Cyprinidae. Although fish with deformed bodies or body parts are rare in natural waters, this article deals with four abnormal specimens of Hypselobarbus curmuca (Hamilton 1807) collected from the rivers Tunga, Bhadra, and Kali during 2022. The abnormalities observed in four different individuals are pughead deformity, pelvic fin deformity, pectoral fin deformity, and enlarged scales. The morphological comparison of normal individuals of Hypselobarbus curmuca (Hamilton 1807) with abnormal specimens revealed variation. Using the MT-COI gene, species identity was confirmed and the mean genetic divergence between the normal and abnormal specimens was estimated to be less than 1%.
{"title":"Multiple anomalies in wild-caught fish species Curmuca barb Hypselobarbus curmuca (Hamilton 1807) (Cyprinidae: Cypriniformes) from the Western Ghats of India","authors":"T M Jeevan, Dayal Devadas, A K Jaiswar","doi":"10.1007/s12038-024-00419-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12038-024-00419-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Fish of the genus <i>Hypselobarbus</i> (Bleeker 1860) are widely dispersed in the rivers of the Western Ghats in India and endemic to southern Indian peninsular freshwaters. These are small- to medium-sized fishes of the family Cyprinidae. Although fish with deformed bodies or body parts are rare in natural waters, this article deals with four abnormal specimens of <i>Hypselobarbus curmuca</i> (Hamilton 1807) collected from the rivers Tunga, Bhadra, and Kali during 2022. The abnormalities observed in four different individuals are pughead deformity, pelvic fin deformity, pectoral fin deformity, and enlarged scales. The morphological comparison of normal individuals of <i>Hypselobarbus curmuca</i> (Hamilton 1807) with abnormal specimens revealed variation. Using the <i>MT-COI</i> gene, species identity was confirmed and the mean genetic divergence between the normal and abnormal specimens was estimated to be less than 1%.</p>","PeriodicalId":15171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140883559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}