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CDCA: Community detection in RNA-seq data using centrality-based approach CDCA:使用基于中心性的方法检测 RNA-seq 数据中的群落
IF 2.9 4区 生物学 Q2 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-27 DOI: 10.1007/s12038-024-00437-8
Tonmoya Sarmah, Dhruba K Bhattacharyya

One of the integral part of the network analysis is finding groups of nodes that exhibit similar properties. Community detection techniques are a popular choice to find such groups or communities within a network and it relies on graph-based methods to achieve this goal. Finding communities in biological networks such as gene co-expression networks are particularly important to find groups of genes where we can focus on further downstream analysis and find valuable insights regarding concerned diseases. Here, we present an effective community detection method called community detection using centrality-based approach (CDCA), designed using the graph centrality approach. The method has been tested using four benchmark bulk RNA-seq datasets for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, and the performance has been proved superior in comparison to several other counterparts. The quality of communities are determined using intrinsic graph properties such as modularity and homogeneity. The biological significance of resultant communities is decided using the pathway enrichment analysis.

网络分析不可或缺的一部分是找到具有相似属性的节点群。社群检测技术是在网络中寻找此类群组或社群的常用方法,它依靠基于图的方法来实现这一目标。在基因共表达网络等生物网络中寻找群落尤为重要,这样我们就能找到基因组,从而专注于进一步的下游分析,找到有关疾病的宝贵见解。在这里,我们提出了一种有效的群落检测方法,称为基于中心性方法的群落检测(CDCA),它是利用图中心性方法设计的。该方法使用精神分裂症和躁狂症的四个基准批量 RNA-seq 数据集进行了测试,与其他几种同类方法相比,性能更优越。群落的质量是通过模块化和同质性等内在图属性确定的。利用通路富集分析来确定所形成群落的生物学意义。
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引用次数: 0
A majority of circadian clock genes are expressed in estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor status-dependent manner in breast cancer 大多数昼夜节律时钟基因在乳腺癌中以雌激素受体和孕激素受体状态依赖的方式表达
IF 2.9 4区 生物学 Q2 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-22 DOI: 10.1007/s12038-024-00454-7
Caglar Berkel, Ercan Cacan

Circadian clocks, biochemical oscillators that are regulated by environmental time cues including the day/night cycle, have a central function in the majority of biological processes. The disruption of the circadian clock can alter breast biology negatively and may promote the development of breast tumors. The expression status of the estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) were used to classify breast cancer into different molecular subtypes such as triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Receptor status-dependent expression of circadian clock genes have been previously studied in breast cancer using relatively small sample sizes in a particular population. Here, using TCGA-BRCA data (n=1119), we found that the expressions of CRY1, PER1, PER2, PER3, BMAL1, CLOCK, RORA, RORB, RORC, NR1D1, NR1D2, and FBXL3 were higher in ER+ breast cancer cells compared with those of ER− status. Similarly, we showed that transcript levels of CRY2, PER1, PER2, PER3, BMAL1, RORA, RORB, RORC, NR1D1, NR1D2, and FBXL3 were higher in PR+ breast cancer cells than in PR− breast cancer cells. We report that the expressions of CRY2, PER1, BMAL1, and RORA were lower, and the expression of NR1D1 was higher, in HER2+ breast cancer cells compared with HER2− breast cancer cells. Moreover, we studied these receptor status-dependent changes in the expressions of circadian clock genes also based on the race and age of breast cancer patients. Lastly, we found that the expressions of CRY2, PER1, PER2, PER3, and CLOCK were higher in non-TNBC than in TNBC, which has the worst prognosis among subtypes. We note that our findings are not always parallel to the observations reported in previous studies with smaller sample sizes performed in different populations and organisms. Our study suggests that receptor status in breast cancer (thus, subtype of breast cancer) might be more important than previously shown in terms of its influence on the expression of circadian clock genes and on the disruption of the circadian clock, and that ER or PR might be important regulators of breast cancer chronobiology that should be taken into account in personalized chronotherapies.

昼夜节律钟是受环境时间线索(包括昼夜周期)调节的生化振荡器,在大多数生物过程中发挥着核心功能。昼夜节律钟的紊乱会对乳腺生物学产生负面影响,并可能促进乳腺肿瘤的发展。雌激素受体(ER)、孕激素受体(PR)和人表皮生长因子受体 2(HER2)的表达状态被用来将乳腺癌分为不同的分子亚型,如三阴性乳腺癌(TNBC)。以前曾利用特定人群中相对较小的样本量研究了乳腺癌中昼夜节律时钟基因的受体状态依赖性表达。在此,我们利用 TCGA-BRCA 数据(n=1119)发现,与 ER- 状态的乳腺癌细胞相比,ER+ 状态的乳腺癌细胞中 CRY1、PER1、PER2、PER3、BMAL1、CLOCK、RORA、RORB、RORC、NR1D1、NR1D2 和 FBXL3 的表达量更高。同样,我们发现 CRY2、PER1、PER2、PER3、BMAL1、RORA、RORB、RORC、NR1D1、NR1D2 和 FBXL3 的转录水平在 PR+ 状态的乳腺癌细胞中高于 PR- 状态的乳腺癌细胞。我们发现,与 HER2-乳腺癌细胞相比,HER2+乳腺癌细胞中 CRY2、PER1、BMAL1 和 RORA 的表达量较低,而 NR1D1 的表达量较高。此外,我们还根据乳腺癌患者的种族和年龄,研究了昼夜节律时钟基因表达的这些受体状态依赖性变化。最后,我们发现 CRY2、PER1、PER2、PER3 和 CLOCK 在非 TNBC 中的表达高于 TNBC,而 TNBC 在各亚型中预后最差。我们注意到,我们的研究结果并不总是与以前在不同人群和生物体中进行的样本量较小的研究中的观察结果平行。我们的研究表明,乳腺癌中的受体状态(即乳腺癌亚型)对昼夜节律表基因表达的影响以及对昼夜节律表的破坏可能比以前的研究更重要,ER 或 PR 可能是乳腺癌时间生物学的重要调节因子,在个性化时间疗法中应加以考虑。
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引用次数: 0
An in vitro model of adipose tissue-associated macrophages 脂肪组织相关巨噬细胞的体外模型
IF 2.9 4区 生物学 Q2 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-06 DOI: 10.1007/s12038-024-00464-5
Karishma Bhatia, Sandhya Tiwari, Vikas Kumar Gupta, Neerav M Sapariya, Sanjeev K Upadhyay

Obesity-related chronic low-grade inflammation plays a central role in the development of insulin resistance. Macrophages are key players in adipose tissue homeostasis, and their phenotypic shift from the anti-inflammatory or alternatively activated (M2) form to the pro-inflammatory, classically activated (M1) form is a hallmark of insulin resistance. However, adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) have been identified as a distinct subpopulation of macrophages in several recent studies. These ATMs, described as metabolically activated macrophages (MMe), differ from M1 and are primarily found in the adipose tissue of obese individuals. In our study, we developed an in vitro model of MMe macrophages to establish a simple and reproducible system to understand their characteristics and role in the pathophysiology of insulin resistance. We examined their characteristics such as inflammatory patterns, surface markers, and metabolic features, and compared them with M1 and M2 macrophages. We found that a cell line-based in vitro model effectively mirrors the characteristics of ATMs, highlighting distinct inflammatory phenotypes, metabolism, surface markers, altered lysosomal activity, and ER stress akin to macrophages in vivo. This model captures the subtle distinctions between MMe and M1, and can be effectively used to study several features of macrophage–adipose interactions of therapeutic importance.

与肥胖相关的慢性低度炎症在胰岛素抵抗的发展过程中起着核心作用。巨噬细胞是脂肪组织平衡的关键角色,它们的表型从抗炎或替代活化(M2)型转变为促炎、经典活化(M1)型是胰岛素抵抗的标志。然而,最近的几项研究发现,脂肪组织巨噬细胞(ATMs)是巨噬细胞的一个独特亚群。这些被称为代谢活化巨噬细胞(MMe)的 ATMs 与 M1 不同,主要存在于肥胖者的脂肪组织中。在我们的研究中,我们建立了一个 MMe 巨噬细胞的体外模型,以建立一个简单且可重复的系统来了解它们的特征及其在胰岛素抵抗的病理生理学中的作用。我们研究了它们的特征,如炎症模式、表面标志物和代谢特征,并将它们与 M1 和 M2 巨噬细胞进行了比较。我们发现,基于细胞系的体外模型有效地反映了 ATMs 的特征,突出显示了与体内巨噬细胞相似的独特炎症表型、新陈代谢、表面标志物、溶酶体活性改变和 ER 应激。该模型捕捉到了MMe和M1之间的细微差别,可有效用于研究巨噬细胞与脂肪相互作用的几个重要治疗特征。
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引用次数: 0
scDiffCoAM: A complete framework to identify potential biomarkers for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma using scRNA-Seq data analysis scDiffCoAM:利用 scRNA-Seq 数据分析确定食管鳞状细胞癌潜在生物标记物的完整框架
IF 2.9 4区 生物学 Q2 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-06 DOI: 10.1007/s12038-024-00447-6
Manaswita Saikia, Dhruba K Bhattacharyya, Jugal K Kalita

Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) technology provides the scope to gain insight into the interplay between intrinsic cellular processes as well as transcriptional and behavioral changes in gene–gene interactions across varying conditions. The high level of scarcity of scRNA-seq data, however, poses a significant challenge for analysis. We propose a complete differential co-expression (DCE) analysis framework for scRNA-Seq data to extract network modules and identify hub-genes. The performance of our method has been shown to be satisfactory after validation using an scRNA-Seq esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) dataset. From comparison with four other existing hub-gene finding methods, it has been observed that our method performs better in the majority of cases and has the ability to identify unique potential biomarkers that were not detected by the other methods. The potential biomarker genes identified by our framework, differential co-expression analysis method for single-cell RNA sequencing data (scDiffCoAM), have been validated both statistically and biologically.

单细胞 RNA 测序(scRNA-Seq)技术为深入了解细胞内在过程之间的相互作用以及不同条件下基因-基因相互作用的转录和行为变化提供了机会。然而,scRNA-seq 数据的高度稀缺性给分析带来了巨大挑战。我们为 scRNA-seq 数据提出了一个完整的差异共表达(DCE)分析框架,以提取网络模块并识别枢纽基因。在使用 scRNA-Seq 食管鳞癌(ESCC)数据集进行验证后,我们的方法性能令人满意。通过与其他四种现有的中枢基因发现方法进行比较,我们发现我们的方法在大多数情况下表现更好,而且有能力发现其他方法没有检测到的独特的潜在生物标记基因。我们的框架--单细胞 RNA 测序数据差异共表达分析方法(scDiffCoAM)--所发现的潜在生物标记基因已通过统计学和生物学验证。
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引用次数: 0
Paradoxical sleep deprivation and restriction promote castration-like effects and local inflammatory responses in male gerbil prostate 反常的睡眠剥夺和限制会促进雄性沙鼠前列腺的阉割样效应和局部炎症反应
IF 2.9 4区 生物学 Q2 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.1007/s12038-024-00450-x
Ricardo A Fochi, Thalles F R Ruiz, Mariana M Jesus, Lucas R Azevedo, Luiz R Falleiros-Júnior, Silvana G P Campos, Rejane M Góes, Sonia M Oliani, Patricia S L Vilamaior, Sebastião R Taboga

Paradoxical sleep deprivation (PSD) presents different effects on metabolism and neurological functions. In addition, over long duration, sleep restriction (SR) can promote permanent changes. The prostate is an endocrine-dependent organ with homeostatic regulation directly related to hormone levels. Our study proposed to demonstrate the experimental prostatic effects of PSD (96 h), PSD with recovery (PSR – 96/96 h), and sleep restriction (SR – 30 PSD cycles/recovery). PSD and SR promoted decrease in serum testosterone and significant increase in serum and intraprostatic corticosterone. In agreement, androgen receptors (AR) were less expressed and glucocorticoid receptors (GR) were enhanced in PSR and SR. Thus, the prostate, especially under SR, demonstrates a castration-like effect due to loss of responsiveness and sensitization by androgens. SR triggered an important inflammatory response through enhancement of serum and intraprostatic pro- (IL-1α, IL-6, TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines. Furthermore, the respective receptors of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1RI and TNF-R) were highly expressed in the prostatic epithelium and stroma. PSR can partially restore prostate homeostasis, as it restores testosterone and the prostate proliferation index, in addition to promoting balance in the inflammatory response that is considered protective. PSD and SR are key factors in the endocrine axis that coordinate prostatic homeostasis, and significant changes in these factors have consequences on prostate functionality.

Graphical abstract

矛盾性剥夺睡眠(PSD)会对新陈代谢和神经功能产生不同的影响。此外,长期限制睡眠(SR)会导致永久性变化。前列腺是一个依赖内分泌的器官,其平衡调节与激素水平直接相关。我们的研究拟证明 PSD(96 小时)、PSD 与恢复(PSR - 96/96 小时)和睡眠限制(SR - 30 PSD 周期/恢复)对前列腺的实验性影响。PSD 和 SR 会导致血清睾酮下降,血清和前列腺内皮质酮显著增加。同样,在 PSR 和 SR 中,雄激素受体(AR)表达较少,糖皮质激素受体(GR)表达增强。因此,前列腺,尤其是在 SR 条件下,由于对雄激素失去反应性和敏感性,表现出类似阉割的效应。SR通过增强血清和前列腺内促炎症(IL-1α、IL-6、TNF-α)和抗炎症(IL-10)细胞因子,引发了重要的炎症反应。此外,抗炎细胞因子的相应受体(IL-1RI 和 TNF-R)在前列腺上皮细胞和基质中高度表达。PSR 能部分恢复前列腺的平衡,因为它能恢复睾酮和前列腺增生指数,此外还能促进被认为具有保护作用的炎症反应的平衡。PSD和SR是协调前列腺稳态的内分泌轴的关键因素,这些因素的显著变化会对前列腺功能产生影响。
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引用次数: 0
Social learning and culture in bees: Simple mechanisms, complex outcomes 蜜蜂的社会学习和文化:简单的机制,复杂的结果
IF 2.9 4区 生物学 Q2 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-23 DOI: 10.1007/s12038-024-00463-6
Vivek Nityananda

Bees have been excellent model systems to study social learning – the ability of animals to change their behaviour based on observations of other individuals. Researchers have investigated several aspects of social learning in bees, including how it can lead to cultural traditions. A recent study also argues that bees have the capacity to socially learn behaviours that they could not innovate on their own. To understand these findings better, I review what we know about the mechanisms underlying social learning in bees and use these findings to compare social learning and culture in bees and humans. The findings suggest that the seemingly complex social behaviours of bees could arise from simple mechanisms underlying learning in general. I highlight the importance of investigating cognitive mechanisms and how they might differ across animals.

蜜蜂是研究社会学习--动物根据对其他个体的观察而改变自身行为的能力--的绝佳模型系统。研究人员已经对蜜蜂社会学习的多个方面进行了研究,其中包括如何通过社会学习形成文化传统。最近的一项研究还认为,蜜蜂有能力通过社会学习自己无法创新的行为。为了更好地理解这些发现,我回顾了我们所知道的蜜蜂社会学习的基本机制,并利用这些发现来比较蜜蜂和人类的社会学习和文化。研究结果表明,蜜蜂看似复杂的社会行为可能源于一般学习的简单机制。我强调了研究认知机制的重要性,以及不同动物的认知机制可能存在的差异。
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引用次数: 0
Defining genomic landscape for identification of potential candidate resistance genes associated with major rice diseases through MetaQTL analysis 通过元 QTL 分析确定与水稻主要病害相关的潜在候选抗性基因的基因组图谱
IF 2.9 4区 生物学 Q2 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-23 DOI: 10.1007/s12038-024-00460-9
Simran Goyal, Dinesh Kumar Saini, Pankaj Kumar, Gurwinder Kaur, Umesh Preethi Praba, Krishna Sai Karnatam, Gautam Chhabra, Rajveer Singh, Yogesh Vikal

Rice production is severely affected by various diseases such as bacterial leaf blight (BLB), brown spot (BS), false smut (FS), foot rot (FR), rice blast (RB), and sheath blight (SB). In recent years, several quantitative trait loci (QTLs) studies involving different populations have been carried out, resulting in the identification of hundreds of resistance QTLs for each disease. These QTLs can be integrated and analyzed using meta-QTL (MQTL) analysis for better understanding of the genetic architecture underlying multiple disease resistance (MDR). This study involved an MQTL analysis on 661 QTLs (378, 161, 21, 41, 44, and 16 QTLs for SB, RB, BLB, BS, FS, and FR, respectively) retrieved from 50 individual studies published from 1995 to 2021. Of these, 503 QTLs were projected finally onto the consensus map saturated with 6,275 markers, resulting in 73 MQTLs, including 27 MDR-MQTLs conferring resistance to three or more diseases. Forty-seven MQTLs were validated using marker-trait associations identified in published genome-wide association studies. A total of 3,310 genes, including both R and defense genes, were also identified within some selected high-confidence MQTL regions that were investigated further for the syntenic relationship with barley, wheat, and maize genomes. Thirty-nine high-confidence candidate genes were selected based on their expression patterns and recommended for future studies involving functional validation, genetic engineering, and gene editing. Nineteen MQTLs were co-localized with 39 known R genes for BLB and RB diseases. These results could pave the way to utilize candidate genes in a marker-assisted breeding program for MDR in rice.

水稻生产受到多种病害的严重影响,如细菌性叶枯病(BLB)、褐斑病(BS)、假烟病(FS)、稻曲病(FR)、稻瘟病(RB)和鞘枯病(SB)。近年来,对不同群体进行了多项定量性状位点(QTLs)研究,为每种病害鉴定了数百个抗性 QTLs。利用元 QTL(MQTL)分析法可对这些 QTL 进行整合和分析,从而更好地了解多重抗病性(MDR)的遗传结构。本研究对从 1995 年至 2021 年发表的 50 项单独研究中检索到的 661 个 QTL(分别为 SB、RB、BLB、BS、FS 和 FR 的 378、161、21、41、44 和 16 个 QTL)进行了 MQTL 分析。其中,503 个 QTL 最终被投射到饱和了 6275 个标记的共识图谱上,产生了 73 个 MQTL,包括 27 个对三种或三种以上疾病具有抗性的 MDR-MQTL。利用已发表的全基因组关联研究中确定的标记-性状关联对 47 个 MQTL 进行了验证。在一些选定的高置信度 MQTL 区域内还发现了共计 3,310 个基因,包括抗病基因和防御基因,并进一步研究了这些基因与大麦、小麦和玉米基因组的同源关系。根据其表达模式,选出了 39 个高置信度候选基因,并建议今后进行功能验证、基因工程和基因编辑等方面的研究。19个MQTL与39个已知的BLB和RB疾病R基因共定位。这些结果可为在水稻 MDR 的标记辅助育种计划中利用候选基因铺平道路。
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引用次数: 0
Trehalase inhibition in Helicoverpa armigera activates machinery for alternate energy acquisition 抑制 Helicoverpa armigera 中的 Trehalase 可激活替代能量获取机制
IF 2.9 4区 生物学 Q2 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-18 DOI: 10.1007/s12038-024-00453-8
Meenakshi Tellis, Sharada Mohite, Rakesh Joshi

Trehalose serves as a primary circulatory sugar in insects which is crucial in energy metabolism and stress recovery. It is hydrolyzed into two glucose molecules by trehalase. Silencing or inhibiting trehalase results in reduced fitness, developmental defects, and insect mortality. Despite its importance, the molecular response of insects to trehalase inhibition is not known. Here, we performed transcriptomic analyses of Helicoverpa armigera treated with validamycin A (VA), a trehalase inhibitor. VA ingestion resulted in increased mortality, developmental delay, and reduced ex vivo trehalase activity. Pathway enrichment and gene ontology analyses suggest that key genes involved in carbohydrate, protein, fatty acid, and mitochondria-related metabolisms are deregulated. The activation of protein and fat degradation may be necessary to fulfil energy requirements, evidenced by the dysregulated expression of critical genes in these metabolisms. Co-expression analysis supports the notion that trehalase inhibition leads to putative interaction with key regulators of other pathways. Metabolomics correlates with transcriptomics to show reduced levels of key energy metabolites. VA generates an energy-deficient condition, and insects activate alternate pathways to facilitate the energy demand. Overall, this study provides insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the response of insects to trehalase inhibition and highlights potential targets for insect control.

曲哈糖是昆虫体内的主要循环糖,对能量代谢和应激恢复至关重要。它通过曲哈糖酶水解成两个葡萄糖分子。沉默或抑制三卤糖酶会导致昆虫体能下降、发育缺陷和死亡。尽管trehalase很重要,但昆虫对trehalase抑制的分子反应还不清楚。在这里,我们对用三卤酶抑制剂有效霉素 A(VA)处理的 Helicoverpa armigera 进行了转录组分析。摄入 VA 会导致死亡率上升、发育迟缓以及体内外三卤酶活性降低。通路富集和基因本体分析表明,参与碳水化合物、蛋白质、脂肪酸和线粒体相关代谢的关键基因发生了失调。激活蛋白质和脂肪降解可能是满足能量需求的必要条件,这些代谢过程中关键基因的表达失调就是证明。共表达分析支持这样一种观点,即三卤素酶抑制会导致与其他通路的关键调控因子发生假定的相互作用。代谢组学与转录组学相互关联,显示出关键能量代谢产物水平的降低。VA 会产生能量不足的情况,昆虫会激活其他途径来满足能量需求。总之,这项研究深入揭示了昆虫对曲卤酶抑制反应的分子机制,并突出了昆虫控制的潜在目标。
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引用次数: 0
Goat weed (Ageratum conyzoides L.): A biological threat to plant diversity in Eastern Ghats of India 山羊草(Ageratum conyzoides L.):对印度东高止山植物多样性的生物威胁
IF 2.9 4区 生物学 Q2 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-10 DOI: 10.1007/s12038-024-00455-6
Prakash Paraseth, Kakoli Banerjee

The Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) is a recently signed protocol by the conference of the parties (COP 15) with an aim to protect biodiversity from risks imposed by biological threats such as invasive alien species (IAS). The present work is an effort to meet target 6 of GBF which directly deals with IAS by assessing the current and future distribution of Ageratum species in regions of the Eastern Ghats of India. Prediction of Ageratum distribution was done based on greenhouse gas emission levels, namely RCP 4.5, 6.0 and 8.5 for the climatic years 2030, 2050 and 2080. Of a total of 23 environmental parameters (19 bioclimatic, 1 land use land cover (LULC) and 3 topographic) seven were selected for species distribution modeling (SDM) considering value inflation factor (VIF) scores <3 by using maximum entropy. In the current climatic scenario, 40.09% of the geographical area (TGA) is covered by Ageratum species which will reach 76.51%, 77.44%, 82.58% for RCP 4.5, 6.0 and 8.5 respectively by the end of 2100. Both the AUC value (0.884) and Jackknife test have shown a good model performance. The Eastern Ghats, being a biodiversity-rich zone, needs efficient conservation and management strategies to decrease the extent of invaded areas to maximize biodiversity returns.

昆明-蒙特利尔全球生物多样性框架(GBF)是缔约方大会(COP 15)最近签署的一项议定书,旨在保护生物多样性免受外来入侵物种(IAS)等生物威胁带来的风险。本研究通过评估印度东高止山脉地区龙舌兰物种目前和未来的分布情况,努力实现《生物多样性框架》中直接涉及外来入侵物种的目标 6。根据 2030、2050 和 2080 气候年的温室气体排放水平,即 RCP 4.5、6.0 和 8.5,对龙舌兰的分布进行了预测。在总共 23 个环境参数(19 个生物气候参数、1 个土地利用土地覆被参数(LULC)和 3 个地形参数)中,考虑到价值膨胀因子(VIF)分数 <3,使用最大熵法选择了 7 个参数进行物种分布建模(SDM)。在当前气候情景下,40.09%的地理区域(TGA)被龙舌兰物种覆盖,到 2100 年底,在 RCP 4.5、6.0 和 8.5 条件下,这一比例将分别达到 76.51%、77.44% 和 82.58%。AUC值(0.884)和积刀检验都显示了模型的良好性能。东高止山脉是生物多样性丰富的地区,需要有效的保护和管理策略来减少入侵区域的范围,从而最大限度地提高生物多样性回报。
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引用次数: 0
Nitric oxide brings innate immune resistance to M. tuberculosis infection among high-risk household contacts of pulmonary tuberculosis patients 一氧化氮使肺结核患者的高危家庭接触者对结核杆菌感染产生先天免疫抵抗力
IF 2.9 4区 生物学 Q2 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-10 DOI: 10.1007/s12038-024-00459-2
Sudhasini Panda, Ambrish Tiwari, Kalpana Luthra, Kuldeep Kumar, Archana Singh

Nitric oxide (NO) and iNOS are crucial host factors in innate immunity against intracellular pathogens. However, the role of NO in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) infection in humans remains controversial, unlike in the murine model of TB. To investigate this, levels of NO, iNOS, and L-arginine, as well as the NOS2A gene polymorphism rs57234985 at the promoter region of NOS2A, were evaluated in pulmonary TB (PTB) patients and their household contacts (HHCs). Increased levels of NO and iNOS expression in HHCs indicated exposure to M. tb infection which was confirmed by higher levels of iNOS and NO in Mantoux-positive individuals. Furthermore, higher levels of arginine were detected in HHCs, suggesting its potential role in promoting optimal NO synthesis. PTB patients had higher levels of these analytes due to ongoing active infection. Interestingly, iNOS and NO levels were inversely related to bacterial burden, suggesting their antimicrobial role. NOS2A gene polymorphism was found to be associated with disease susceptibility, with the TT genotype linked to increased iNOS expression. To conclude, iNOS plays a crucial role in controlling early M. tb infection in HHCs by inducing optimal NO production with help of L-arginine. Further longitudinal studies are needed to better understand the role of these host factors upon disease activation.

一氧化氮(NO)和 iNOS 是先天性免疫中抵抗细胞内病原体的关键宿主因子。然而,与小鼠结核病模型不同,一氧化氮在人类结核分枝杆菌(M. tb)感染中的作用仍存在争议。为了研究这个问题,我们对肺结核(PTB)患者及其家庭接触者(HHCs)体内的 NO、iNOS 和 L-精氨酸水平以及 NOS2A 启动子区的 NOS2A 基因多态性 rs57234985 进行了评估。HHCs 中 NO 和 iNOS 表达水平的升高表明他们受到了结核杆菌的感染,而 Mantoux 阳性者体内较高水平的 iNOS 和 NO 也证实了这一点。此外,在 HHCs 中还检测到了较高水平的精氨酸,这表明精氨酸在促进最佳 NO 合成方面具有潜在作用。由于持续的活动性感染,肺结核患者体内这些分析物的水平更高。有趣的是,iNOS 和 NO 的水平与细菌负荷成反比,这表明它们具有抗菌作用。研究发现,NOS2A 基因多态性与疾病易感性有关,TT 基因型与 iNOS 表达增加有关。总之,iNOS 在 L-精氨酸的帮助下诱导产生最佳的 NO,从而在控制 HHC 早期 M. tb 感染方面发挥了关键作用。要更好地了解这些宿主因素在疾病激活时的作用,还需要进一步的纵向研究。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of Biosciences
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