Pub Date : 2019-05-24DOI: 10.15406/jcpcr.2019.10.00393
E. Kamperis, C. Kodona, K. Hatziioannou, M. Topalidou, O. Kimoundri, P. Papavasileiou, Georgios Ballas, Louiza Kountouriotou, Georgia Gazani, V. Giannouzakos
{"title":"Dosimetric impact of rotational setup errors in H&N patients undergoing VMAT with respect to clinical target volume coverage and parotid complication probability","authors":"E. Kamperis, C. Kodona, K. Hatziioannou, M. Topalidou, O. Kimoundri, P. Papavasileiou, Georgios Ballas, Louiza Kountouriotou, Georgia Gazani, V. Giannouzakos","doi":"10.15406/jcpcr.2019.10.00393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/jcpcr.2019.10.00393","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15185,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer Prevention & Current Research","volume":"302 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76839852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-09DOI: 10.15406/jcpcr.2019.10.00392
Abraham A Embi
{"title":"Proposed mechanism in cancer cure claim. The lipid connection","authors":"Abraham A Embi","doi":"10.15406/jcpcr.2019.10.00392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/jcpcr.2019.10.00392","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15185,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer Prevention & Current Research","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87137326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-06DOI: 10.15406/jcpcr.2019.10.00391
Yamixa Delgado, Anamaris Torres, M. Milián
Apoptosis or programmed cell dead is a genetically controlled mechanism that plays a crucial role in regulation and maintaining tissue homeostasis leading the elimination of old or damaged cells. Cancer is a disease that appears when a group of malignant or abnormal cells growth out of control dividing too quickly invading and destroying adjacent tissues forgetting how to die in the body. For these reasons, control the pathway of apoptosis could help to find or improve treatments for a lot of diseases, especially cancer. Decrease or increase in apoptosis, plays a key role in a great many diseases because unhealthy cells become immortal or on the contrary, healthy cells are indiscriminate killed, respectively.
{"title":"Apoptosis’ activation associated to BH3 only domain and BCL-2 homology domain proteins: new way to design anti-cancer drugs","authors":"Yamixa Delgado, Anamaris Torres, M. Milián","doi":"10.15406/jcpcr.2019.10.00391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/jcpcr.2019.10.00391","url":null,"abstract":"Apoptosis or programmed cell dead is a genetically controlled mechanism that plays a crucial role in regulation and maintaining tissue homeostasis leading the elimination of old or damaged cells. Cancer is a disease that appears when a group of malignant or abnormal cells growth out of control dividing too quickly invading and destroying adjacent tissues forgetting how to die in the body. For these reasons, control the pathway of apoptosis could help to find or improve treatments for a lot of diseases, especially cancer. Decrease or increase in apoptosis, plays a key role in a great many diseases because unhealthy cells become immortal or on the contrary, healthy cells are indiscriminate killed, respectively.","PeriodicalId":15185,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer Prevention & Current Research","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80181688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-01DOI: 10.15406/jcpcr.2019.10.00390
A. H. Mohammed, A. Zedan, Khalaf Sm
Colorectal cancer is a common cancer worldwide. As regards the incidence, CRC considered the third cancer among men after prostate and lung cancer and the second among women after breast cancer.1 CRC represent about 15% of all cancers and considered the second leading cause of cancer deaths among western countries. About 50% of CRC patients developed metastatic disease despite of adjuvant therapy.2 Palliative chemotherapy plays a major role in treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients by improving quality of life and prolonging the survival. 5-Flurouracil (FU) and Leucovorin (LV) combination were the standard of care for about 40 years in spite of their minimal impact on survival.3 Oxaliplatin and irinotecan demonstrate remarkable activity against advanced CRC and showed survival improvement, either alone or in combination with 5-FULV.4 Irinotecan is one of the topoisomerase I inhibitors. Topoisomerase I inhibition leads to double-strand DNA breaks which stimulate cell apoptosis. Addition of irinotecan to 5 FULV significantly improves survival in advanced CRC patients.5 So, US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved FOLFIRI regimen as first line therapy in metastatic CRC.4 In advanced CRC patients progressed after 5-FU based therapy, weekly single agent irinotecan show promising result either by disease control or improving survival.6 We conducted this study to compare the efficacy and tolerability of two irinotecan regimens (weekly irinotecan and FOLFIRI regimen) in advanced colorectal cancer.
{"title":"Weekly single agent irinotecan versus irinotecan, 5-flurouracil, and folinic acid (FOLFIRI) in advanced colorectal cancer","authors":"A. H. Mohammed, A. Zedan, Khalaf Sm","doi":"10.15406/jcpcr.2019.10.00390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/jcpcr.2019.10.00390","url":null,"abstract":"Colorectal cancer is a common cancer worldwide. As regards the incidence, CRC considered the third cancer among men after prostate and lung cancer and the second among women after breast cancer.1 CRC represent about 15% of all cancers and considered the second leading cause of cancer deaths among western countries. About 50% of CRC patients developed metastatic disease despite of adjuvant therapy.2 Palliative chemotherapy plays a major role in treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients by improving quality of life and prolonging the survival. 5-Flurouracil (FU) and Leucovorin (LV) combination were the standard of care for about 40 years in spite of their minimal impact on survival.3 Oxaliplatin and irinotecan demonstrate remarkable activity against advanced CRC and showed survival improvement, either alone or in combination with 5-FULV.4 Irinotecan is one of the topoisomerase I inhibitors. Topoisomerase I inhibition leads to double-strand DNA breaks which stimulate cell apoptosis. Addition of irinotecan to 5 FULV significantly improves survival in advanced CRC patients.5 So, US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved FOLFIRI regimen as first line therapy in metastatic CRC.4 In advanced CRC patients progressed after 5-FU based therapy, weekly single agent irinotecan show promising result either by disease control or improving survival.6 We conducted this study to compare the efficacy and tolerability of two irinotecan regimens (weekly irinotecan and FOLFIRI regimen) in advanced colorectal cancer.","PeriodicalId":15185,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer Prevention & Current Research","volume":"834 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77546252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-21DOI: 10.15406/JCPCR.2019.10.00389
Afifa Akbar Ali, Samra Mobeen, Amna H. Mukhtar, Nur Ul Ain, Amna Amer, A. Noureen
Background: To assess the level of awareness of risk factors of breast carcinoma among women of reproductive age group (15-45 years). Methods: In this descriptive cross sectional study 100 female patients, presented in Gynaecology and Obstetrics OPD’s for their regular antenatal checkup or some gynecological issues, were included. They were not cases of any breast disease or carcinoma breast. Attendants accompanying patients, subject presenting with sign and symptoms suggestive of any breast disease and women with any patient of carcinoma breast in immediate family were excluded. Patient’s awareness was assessed by formal interview in which intrinsic, extrinsic risk factors and common myths regarding breast cancer were interpreted among women of reproductive age group. Based on the correctness of the responses of the study participants, to operationalize their knowledge into a quantitative indicator, a scoring system was devised. Result: Awareness about carcinoma breast varies with 46.66% had adequate knowledge. Almost 50% patients had some awareness regarding risk factors of breast CA with familial predisposition (31.5%), increasing age (19%), breast feeding influence (22.5%), obesity (36.7%) and smoking (44.4 %).The mean score of the knowledge in the sample was -0.54 (+ 5.21), the lowest being -12 and highest attained was +8.Statistically significant association of formal education with knowledge was determined (p=0.009). Conclusion: Majority of participants had limited knowledge about risk factors of breast cancer.
{"title":"Breast cancer risk factors","authors":"Afifa Akbar Ali, Samra Mobeen, Amna H. Mukhtar, Nur Ul Ain, Amna Amer, A. Noureen","doi":"10.15406/JCPCR.2019.10.00389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/JCPCR.2019.10.00389","url":null,"abstract":"Background: To assess the level of awareness of risk factors of breast carcinoma among women of reproductive age group (15-45 years). Methods: In this descriptive cross sectional study 100 female patients, presented in Gynaecology and Obstetrics OPD’s for their regular antenatal checkup or some gynecological issues, were included. They were not cases of any breast disease or carcinoma breast. Attendants accompanying patients, subject presenting with sign and symptoms suggestive of any breast disease and women with any patient of carcinoma breast in immediate family were excluded. Patient’s awareness was assessed by formal interview in which intrinsic, extrinsic risk factors and common myths regarding breast cancer were interpreted among women of reproductive age group. Based on the correctness of the responses of the study participants, to operationalize their knowledge into a quantitative indicator, a scoring system was devised. Result: Awareness about carcinoma breast varies with 46.66% had adequate knowledge. Almost 50% patients had some awareness regarding risk factors of breast CA with familial predisposition (31.5%), increasing age (19%), breast feeding influence (22.5%), obesity (36.7%) and smoking (44.4 %).The mean score of the knowledge in the sample was -0.54 (+ 5.21), the lowest being -12 and highest attained was +8.Statistically significant association of formal education with knowledge was determined (p=0.009). Conclusion: Majority of participants had limited knowledge about risk factors of breast cancer.","PeriodicalId":15185,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer Prevention & Current Research","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90234745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-21DOI: 10.15406/JCPCR.2019.10.00388
Shegaw Zeleke
Testicular-self-examination (TSE) refers to the procedure in which a man checks the appearance as well as the consistency of his testicles. TSE is a simple, painless procedure, easy-to-learn and requires about three minutes to complete and it is an important clinical tool for early detection of testicular cancer (TC).1,2 It has been recommended that young men between the ages of 15 35 years should practice TSE every month.3 This recommendation is supported by the fact that nine out of every ten TC is first found by the individual himself.4 Worldwide, TC accounts for approximately 1% of all cancers in men and it is increased twofold in the last 40 years.5 The prevalence and incidence of TC in Africa are rising and also the mortality rate of TC in Sub-Saharan Africa is increasing due to poor awareness of TSE.6 In Ethiopia, TC cases account 5.4% of all new male cancer patients aged greater than 15 years in the oncology unit of Black Lion Specialized Hospital; the only oncology unit in Ethiopia.7 Early detection and treatment is very important in TC. One of the method to detect TC is regular self-exam of testicles.8 It is highly recommended to seek medical help if one experiences some of the following symptoms; lump in one testis or hardening of one of the testicles, significant increase or decrease in the size of one testis, abnormal sensitivity, loss of sexual activity, blood in or watery semen, generally feeling tired and buildup of fluid within the scrotum.9 As American Cancer Society (ACS) recommendation, all men should examine their testicles by themselves monthly after puberty.10
{"title":"Knowledge, attitude and practice towards testicular self-examination among regular undergraduate non-health sciences university students, Debre Tabor, Amhara Regional State, North West Ethiopia","authors":"Shegaw Zeleke","doi":"10.15406/JCPCR.2019.10.00388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/JCPCR.2019.10.00388","url":null,"abstract":"Testicular-self-examination (TSE) refers to the procedure in which a man checks the appearance as well as the consistency of his testicles. TSE is a simple, painless procedure, easy-to-learn and requires about three minutes to complete and it is an important clinical tool for early detection of testicular cancer (TC).1,2 It has been recommended that young men between the ages of 15 35 years should practice TSE every month.3 This recommendation is supported by the fact that nine out of every ten TC is first found by the individual himself.4 Worldwide, TC accounts for approximately 1% of all cancers in men and it is increased twofold in the last 40 years.5 The prevalence and incidence of TC in Africa are rising and also the mortality rate of TC in Sub-Saharan Africa is increasing due to poor awareness of TSE.6 In Ethiopia, TC cases account 5.4% of all new male cancer patients aged greater than 15 years in the oncology unit of Black Lion Specialized Hospital; the only oncology unit in Ethiopia.7 Early detection and treatment is very important in TC. One of the method to detect TC is regular self-exam of testicles.8 It is highly recommended to seek medical help if one experiences some of the following symptoms; lump in one testis or hardening of one of the testicles, significant increase or decrease in the size of one testis, abnormal sensitivity, loss of sexual activity, blood in or watery semen, generally feeling tired and buildup of fluid within the scrotum.9 As American Cancer Society (ACS) recommendation, all men should examine their testicles by themselves monthly after puberty.10","PeriodicalId":15185,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer Prevention & Current Research","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82190588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-20DOI: 10.15406/jcpcr.2019.10.00387
H. Anis
Currently, there is no drug option that is curative. The goal for most patients is to relieve symptoms, reduce an enlarged spleen, improve blood cell counts and minimize the risk of complications. Myelofibrosis is a disease with few approved treatment options, but many new agents are being investigated and developed. For highrisk disease, stem cell transplant is often considered. The standard of care for myelofibrosis is ruxolitinib (Jakafi, Incyte), which is the only therapy approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the disease. Ruxolitinib inhibits JAK1 and JAK2, and it can be effective regardless of which molecular mutations a patient has. The data show that ruxolitinib will improve splenomegaly in most patients. In approximately half of patients, this improvement will meet the response criteria from the International Working Group for Myelofibrosis. Most patients will also experience improvement in other symptoms. Additionally, clinical trials demonstrate that ruxolitinib increases survival, when accounting for crossover. That being said, ruxolitinib is not considered a curative therapy. A limitation of ruxolitinib is that it typically does not improve anemia or thrombocytopenia. Ruxolitinib has been tried in at least 10 different combinations to date. Those studies are largely ongoing, so there are no final conclusions. At this time, there are no clear data to support the use of a particular combination outside of a clinical trial.
{"title":"Myelofibrosis: the present and the future-a review article","authors":"H. Anis","doi":"10.15406/jcpcr.2019.10.00387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/jcpcr.2019.10.00387","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, there is no drug option that is curative. The goal for most patients is to relieve symptoms, reduce an enlarged spleen, improve blood cell counts and minimize the risk of complications. Myelofibrosis is a disease with few approved treatment options, but many new agents are being investigated and developed. For highrisk disease, stem cell transplant is often considered. The standard of care for myelofibrosis is ruxolitinib (Jakafi, Incyte), which is the only therapy approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the disease. Ruxolitinib inhibits JAK1 and JAK2, and it can be effective regardless of which molecular mutations a patient has. The data show that ruxolitinib will improve splenomegaly in most patients. In approximately half of patients, this improvement will meet the response criteria from the International Working Group for Myelofibrosis. Most patients will also experience improvement in other symptoms. Additionally, clinical trials demonstrate that ruxolitinib increases survival, when accounting for crossover. That being said, ruxolitinib is not considered a curative therapy. A limitation of ruxolitinib is that it typically does not improve anemia or thrombocytopenia. Ruxolitinib has been tried in at least 10 different combinations to date. Those studies are largely ongoing, so there are no final conclusions. At this time, there are no clear data to support the use of a particular combination outside of a clinical trial.","PeriodicalId":15185,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer Prevention & Current Research","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74573584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-20DOI: 10.15406/jcpcr.2019.10.00386
A. Fymat
All matter is composed of individual entities called elements. Each element is distinguishable from the others by the physical and chemical properties of its basic component – the atom. Each atom consists of a small central core, the nucleus (radius 10-14 m), where most of the atomic mass is located and a “cloud” of electrons moving in orbits (radius 10-10 m) around the nucleus. The properties of the atoms are derived from the constitution of their nuclei and the number and organization of the orbital electrons. The nucleus contains two kinds of fundamental particles: protons (positively electrically charged) and neutrons (no charge). The number of protons is equal to that of the electrons, making the atom electrically neutral. Thus represented, the atoms are also called nuclides. On the basis of different proportions of neutrons and protons in the nuclei, atoms have been classified into the following categories: isotopes (nuclei having the same numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons), isotones (same numbers of neutrons but different numbers of protons), isobars (same total numbers of protons and neutrons), and isomers (same numbers of protons and neutrons). Certain combinations of neutrons and protons result more in stable (non-radioactive) nuclides than others.
{"title":"Alpha particles irradiation: a paradigm change in cancer brachytherapy","authors":"A. Fymat","doi":"10.15406/jcpcr.2019.10.00386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/jcpcr.2019.10.00386","url":null,"abstract":"All matter is composed of individual entities called elements. Each element is distinguishable from the others by the physical and chemical properties of its basic component – the atom. Each atom consists of a small central core, the nucleus (radius 10-14 m), where most of the atomic mass is located and a “cloud” of electrons moving in orbits (radius 10-10 m) around the nucleus. The properties of the atoms are derived from the constitution of their nuclei and the number and organization of the orbital electrons. The nucleus contains two kinds of fundamental particles: protons (positively electrically charged) and neutrons (no charge). The number of protons is equal to that of the electrons, making the atom electrically neutral. Thus represented, the atoms are also called nuclides. On the basis of different proportions of neutrons and protons in the nuclei, atoms have been classified into the following categories: isotopes (nuclei having the same numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons), isotones (same numbers of neutrons but different numbers of protons), isobars (same total numbers of protons and neutrons), and isomers (same numbers of protons and neutrons). Certain combinations of neutrons and protons result more in stable (non-radioactive) nuclides than others.","PeriodicalId":15185,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer Prevention & Current Research","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89661967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-14DOI: 10.15406/jcpcr.2019.10.00385
T. Lushnikova
Since late 60-th it is known that the most of genomic DNA of eukaryotic organisms consists from non-coding proteins sequences, various repetitive sequences. Later among repetitive and non-coding “junk” DNA or “dark matter of genome” retrotransposons were found, short interspersed nuclear elements SINEs or long short interspersed nuclear elements and LINE,9 gene controlling elements. For many years the scientists were focused on DNA sequences of genes, a small portion of genome coding proteins. Carcinogen aflatoxin B1 covalently binding to DNA showed that DNA repair was deficient in repetitive satellite DNA compare in bulk DNA despite of the initial level of modification was the same in both DNAs.10 Microsatellite mutations associate with cancers and aging.11 Tumor suppressor p53 is multifunctional transcription factor, “the guardian of the genome”, the most frequently mutated gene in tumors contributes in silencing of repeats and noncoding RNAs. The p53 protein mediates expression ~1000 genes and transcription of the repeats and ncRNAs.12 Many p53 binding sites reside in transposable repeats.13 Mouse oncogene Mdm2 is a negative regulator of p53 and DNA repair genes, is overexpressed in tumors and contributes to chromosomal breaks (double-strand breaks, DSBs) and CIN at higher rate in transgenic Mdm2 mice with aging than in wild-type mice.14 The DNA sequences associated with chromosomal breaks and rearrangements are not well understood. The DNA breaks are formed as mistakes in DNA replication, transposition of mobile elements or by environmental agents. DSBs are random but some of them occurred on fragile sites what are near telomere or centromere. The precise genome-mapping of DSBs in human chromosomes revealed non-random fragmentation and DSB hot spots.15
{"title":"\"Dark matter of genome” in cancer","authors":"T. Lushnikova","doi":"10.15406/jcpcr.2019.10.00385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/jcpcr.2019.10.00385","url":null,"abstract":"Since late 60-th it is known that the most of genomic DNA of eukaryotic organisms consists from non-coding proteins sequences, various repetitive sequences. Later among repetitive and non-coding “junk” DNA or “dark matter of genome” retrotransposons were found, short interspersed nuclear elements SINEs or long short interspersed nuclear elements and LINE,9 gene controlling elements. For many years the scientists were focused on DNA sequences of genes, a small portion of genome coding proteins. Carcinogen aflatoxin B1 covalently binding to DNA showed that DNA repair was deficient in repetitive satellite DNA compare in bulk DNA despite of the initial level of modification was the same in both DNAs.10 Microsatellite mutations associate with cancers and aging.11 Tumor suppressor p53 is multifunctional transcription factor, “the guardian of the genome”, the most frequently mutated gene in tumors contributes in silencing of repeats and noncoding RNAs. The p53 protein mediates expression ~1000 genes and transcription of the repeats and ncRNAs.12 Many p53 binding sites reside in transposable repeats.13 Mouse oncogene Mdm2 is a negative regulator of p53 and DNA repair genes, is overexpressed in tumors and contributes to chromosomal breaks (double-strand breaks, DSBs) and CIN at higher rate in transgenic Mdm2 mice with aging than in wild-type mice.14 The DNA sequences associated with chromosomal breaks and rearrangements are not well understood. The DNA breaks are formed as mistakes in DNA replication, transposition of mobile elements or by environmental agents. DSBs are random but some of them occurred on fragile sites what are near telomere or centromere. The precise genome-mapping of DSBs in human chromosomes revealed non-random fragmentation and DSB hot spots.15","PeriodicalId":15185,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer Prevention & Current Research","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91138650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-14DOI: 10.15406/jcpcr.2019.10.00384
K. Aryana, R. Zakavi, N. Majdi
{"title":"Late distant metastasis from papillary carcinoma of thyroid gland","authors":"K. Aryana, R. Zakavi, N. Majdi","doi":"10.15406/jcpcr.2019.10.00384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/jcpcr.2019.10.00384","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15185,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer Prevention & Current Research","volume":"134 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77373816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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