K. M. Ajaykumara, D. Rajkhowa, N. Y. Chanu, T. Shantibala, Rajeshwari Hiremath
The experimental field trials were undertaken during the Rabi season of 2021 and 2022 to assess the influence of habitat manipulation on the incidence of fruit borers of tomatoes and their natural enemies at Pasighat, Arunachal Pradesh. The pooled data of two years depicted that tomatoes intercropped with cowpea and bordered with marigold plants recorded the lowest fruit borer incidence (1.23 larvae per plant), the highest natural enemy population of 5.58 per plant, lowest fruit borer damage per cent (15.21%) and yield of about 15.99 tonnes per ha. It was followed by a crop combination of tomato + chickpea bordered with mustard with a fruit borer incidence of 1.59 larvae per plant, the natural enemy population of 5.32 per plant, 15.90 per cent incidence of fruit borers and 15.42 tonnes yield per ha. This study indicates the possibility of using these crop combinations as an integral part of bio-intensive pest management against fruit borers in tomatoes.
{"title":"Role of habitat manipulation for pest management in tomato","authors":"K. M. Ajaykumara, D. Rajkhowa, N. Y. Chanu, T. Shantibala, Rajeshwari Hiremath","doi":"10.18311/jbc/2022/32116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/jbc/2022/32116","url":null,"abstract":"The experimental field trials were undertaken during the Rabi season of 2021 and 2022 to assess the influence of habitat manipulation on the incidence of fruit borers of tomatoes and their natural enemies at Pasighat, Arunachal Pradesh. The pooled data of two years depicted that tomatoes intercropped with cowpea and bordered with marigold plants recorded the lowest fruit borer incidence (1.23 larvae per plant), the highest natural enemy population of 5.58 per plant, lowest fruit borer damage per cent (15.21%) and yield of about 15.99 tonnes per ha. It was followed by a crop combination of tomato + chickpea bordered with mustard with a fruit borer incidence of 1.59 larvae per plant, the natural enemy population of 5.32 per plant, 15.90 per cent incidence of fruit borers and 15.42 tonnes yield per ha. This study indicates the possibility of using these crop combinations as an integral part of bio-intensive pest management against fruit borers in tomatoes.","PeriodicalId":15188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Control","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72649382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tomato has extremely important health benefits which make it an important crop all around the world. Among several insect pests of tomato, Tuta absoluta is the most devastating pest. This insect-pest has become one of the leading pests of tomato plants in recent years. The yield losses are often in the range of 80-100%. Larval stages of Tuta absoluta are by far the most destructive stage of the insect because of its feeding habits. The neonate larvae feed on tomato fruits, leaves, flower buds and young shoots. Several chemical insecticides are used against this pest but resistance development to insecticides was reported. There is need of integrated pest management to control the pest population. This review discusses about the harmful effect of chemical pesticides and alternative methods to control Tuta absoluta population. Different methods of pest control include botanical control, biological control and new emerging techniques of green synthesized nanoparticles.
{"title":"A review on destructive tomato pest, Phthorimaea absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) and its management","authors":"Kanika Choudhary, Sunil Kumar, D. Sharma, Kumar Ruchika, Kushal Thakur, Jigmet Yangchan","doi":"10.18311/jbc/2022/28704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/jbc/2022/28704","url":null,"abstract":"Tomato has extremely important health benefits which make it an important crop all around the world. Among several insect pests of tomato, Tuta absoluta is the most devastating pest. This insect-pest has become one of the leading pests of tomato plants in recent years. The yield losses are often in the range of 80-100%. Larval stages of Tuta absoluta are by far the most destructive stage of the insect because of its feeding habits. The neonate larvae feed on tomato fruits, leaves, flower buds and young shoots. Several chemical insecticides are used against this pest but resistance development to insecticides was reported. There is need of integrated pest management to control the pest population. This review discusses about the harmful effect of chemical pesticides and alternative methods to control Tuta absoluta population. Different methods of pest control include botanical control, biological control and new emerging techniques of green synthesized nanoparticles.","PeriodicalId":15188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Control","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86625433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. V. Raghuteja, N. C. Chalapathi Rao, E. Padma, A. Kireeti, N. Emmanuel, K. Uma Krishna, V. Sekhar
Field evaluation of various biopesticides viz., Beauveria bassiana, Isaria fumosorosea NBAIR pfu-5, Metarhizium anisopliae, Lecanicillium lecanii, azadirachtin and soapnut powder were carried out against coconut invasive Rugose Spiraling Whitefly (RSW), Aleurodicus rugioperculetus Martin at Ramachandrapuram and Ambajipeta (Dr BR Ambedkar Konaseema district, AP) during 2020-21 and 2021-22. Pooled data analysis indicated that azadiracthin 10,000 ppm significantly reduced the nymphal population of RSW to the level of 25.74, 22.14, 17.67 and 15.82 nymphs per leaflet at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after spray and was found superior among the different treatments tested. Regarding the reduction of the adult population, pest incidence and pest intensity, I. fumosorosea NBAIR pfu-5 spray was significantly superior compared to that of other treatments.
{"title":"Efficacy of biopesticides under moderate infestation levels of exotic Rugose Spiraling Whitefly (RSW), Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin in coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) plantations","authors":"P. V. Raghuteja, N. C. Chalapathi Rao, E. Padma, A. Kireeti, N. Emmanuel, K. Uma Krishna, V. Sekhar","doi":"10.18311/jbc/2022/32052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/jbc/2022/32052","url":null,"abstract":"Field evaluation of various biopesticides viz., Beauveria bassiana, Isaria fumosorosea NBAIR pfu-5, Metarhizium anisopliae, Lecanicillium lecanii, azadirachtin and soapnut powder were carried out against coconut invasive Rugose Spiraling Whitefly (RSW), Aleurodicus rugioperculetus Martin at Ramachandrapuram and Ambajipeta (Dr BR Ambedkar Konaseema district, AP) during 2020-21 and 2021-22. Pooled data analysis indicated that azadiracthin 10,000 ppm significantly reduced the nymphal population of RSW to the level of 25.74, 22.14, 17.67 and 15.82 nymphs per leaflet at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after spray and was found superior among the different treatments tested. Regarding the reduction of the adult population, pest incidence and pest intensity, I. fumosorosea NBAIR pfu-5 spray was significantly superior compared to that of other treatments.","PeriodicalId":15188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Control","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84719091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Sunkad, Khadarbi ., Ranjana Joshi, Meghana S. Patil
Stem and pod rot of groundnut is an economically important soil borne disease caused by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. The present study aimed to evaluate the indigenous bacterial bio control agent Pseudomonas fluorescens strains having multiple traits related to bio control and plant growth promoting activity. Healthy rhizospheric soil from groundnut field was collected from different North Karnataka districts. Nineteen strains of P. fluorescens were isolated by serial dilution technique on King’s B medium. The antagonistic potential of nineteen strains was tested against S. rolfsii by using dual culture technique. The per cent inhibition was highly variable among the nineteen strains of P. fluorescens ranging from 2.59 to 75.18 per cent. Maximum mycelial inhibition of S. rolfsii was recorded by the strain PF-2 (75.18%) followed by PF-3 (72.96%), PF-6 (69.62%) and least inhibition was recorded by PF-13 (2.59%). Five superior strains of P. fluorescens showed fluorescens under UV light, yellowish green pigmentation, rod shaped cells under microscope. Five superior strains were subjected for various biochemical tests and all the isolates were positive for biochemical characterization such as Gram staining, endospore production, catalase, starch hydrolysis, urease test, casein hydrolysis and gelatin liquefy action and negative for KOH and in dole test. Further, these strains were subjected for plant growth promoting traits such as HCN production, IAA production, siderophore production and volatile compounds production. Among these, the strainsviz., PF-2 and PF-3 were scored as strong with respect to antagonism and growth promotion. The strainsPF-6, PF-7 and PF-10 were scored as moderate with light brown colour. Among the tested strains of P. fluorescens, the isolates PF-2 and PF-3 were recorded higher production of siderophore, isolates PF-6, PF-7 and PF-10 showed moderate production of siderophore. The strain PF-2 of P. fluorescens showed highest per cent of mycelial inhibition of S. rolfsii indicating higher production of volatile compounds, followed by PF-3 and PF-6. Whereas, the least mycelial inhibition was recorded by the isolate PF-10 indicating less production of volatile compounds.
{"title":"Exploitation of indigenous fluorescent pseudomonads against stem and pod rot of groundnut caused by Sclerotium rolfsii","authors":"G. Sunkad, Khadarbi ., Ranjana Joshi, Meghana S. Patil","doi":"10.18311/jbc/2022/32536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/jbc/2022/32536","url":null,"abstract":"Stem and pod rot of groundnut is an economically important soil borne disease caused by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. The present study aimed to evaluate the indigenous bacterial bio control agent Pseudomonas fluorescens strains having multiple traits related to bio control and plant growth promoting activity. Healthy rhizospheric soil from groundnut field was collected from different North Karnataka districts. Nineteen strains of P. fluorescens were isolated by serial dilution technique on King’s B medium. The antagonistic potential of nineteen strains was tested against S. rolfsii by using dual culture technique. The per cent inhibition was highly variable among the nineteen strains of P. fluorescens ranging from 2.59 to 75.18 per cent. Maximum mycelial inhibition of S. rolfsii was recorded by the strain PF-2 (75.18%) followed by PF-3 (72.96%), PF-6 (69.62%) and least inhibition was recorded by PF-13 (2.59%). Five superior strains of P. fluorescens showed fluorescens under UV light, yellowish green pigmentation, rod shaped cells under microscope. Five superior strains were subjected for various biochemical tests and all the isolates were positive for biochemical characterization such as Gram staining, endospore production, catalase, starch hydrolysis, urease test, casein hydrolysis and gelatin liquefy action and negative for KOH and in dole test. Further, these strains were subjected for plant growth promoting traits such as HCN production, IAA production, siderophore production and volatile compounds production. Among these, the strainsviz., PF-2 and PF-3 were scored as strong with respect to antagonism and growth promotion. The strainsPF-6, PF-7 and PF-10 were scored as moderate with light brown colour. Among the tested strains of P. fluorescens, the isolates PF-2 and PF-3 were recorded higher production of siderophore, isolates PF-6, PF-7 and PF-10 showed moderate production of siderophore. The strain PF-2 of P. fluorescens showed highest per cent of mycelial inhibition of S. rolfsii indicating higher production of volatile compounds, followed by PF-3 and PF-6. Whereas, the least mycelial inhibition was recorded by the isolate PF-10 indicating less production of volatile compounds.","PeriodicalId":15188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Control","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80016267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo-Vuillemin), an effective entomopathogenic fungi is well positioned in the biological control of insect pests for more than ten decades around the world. Its potential can be attributed to the fungus’s entry through several parts of the insect and its mode of action. But sometimes a virulent strain of B. bassiana may become ineffective because of xenobiotics and environmental factors. To enhance the efficacy of B. bassiana, which is necessary for placing it in Integrated Pest Management, the Colony Forming Unit (CFU) of B. bassiana should be compatible with xenobiotics used in crop production. The compatible concentrations of imidacloprid 48% FS (500 ppm) for B. bassiana was studied in the laboratory condition and results revealed low per cent growth inhibition (21.25%) and maximum radial growth (1.46 cm) at 15 Days After Inoculation (DAI). The inhibition of colony growth was reduced by treating the bhendi seeds with B. bassiana and imidacloprid 48 % FS at a time interval of four hours which showed high mean colony growth (51.12).
{"title":"Laboratory assessment on compatibility of entomopathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana Balsamo-vuillemin with imidacloprid 48% FS for bhendi (Abelmoschus esculentus L. moench) seed treatment","authors":"T. Gavya, K. Premalatha, C. Chinnaiah, N. Revathy","doi":"10.18311/jbc/2022/21568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/jbc/2022/21568","url":null,"abstract":"Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo-Vuillemin), an effective entomopathogenic fungi is well positioned in the biological control of insect pests for more than ten decades around the world. Its potential can be attributed to the fungus’s entry through several parts of the insect and its mode of action. But sometimes a virulent strain of B. bassiana may become ineffective because of xenobiotics and environmental factors. To enhance the efficacy of B. bassiana, which is necessary for placing it in Integrated Pest Management, the Colony Forming Unit (CFU) of B. bassiana should be compatible with xenobiotics used in crop production. The compatible concentrations of imidacloprid 48% FS (500 ppm) for B. bassiana was studied in the laboratory condition and results revealed low per cent growth inhibition (21.25%) and maximum radial growth (1.46 cm) at 15 Days After Inoculation (DAI). The inhibition of colony growth was reduced by treating the bhendi seeds with B. bassiana and imidacloprid 48 % FS at a time interval of four hours which showed high mean colony growth (51.12).","PeriodicalId":15188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Control","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74392654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Manideepthi, S. A. S. Rahman, S. J. Rahman, T. Ramesh
Laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of some commercially available biopesticidal formulations, such as Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (2g/l), Bacillus sphaericus(2g/l), Beauveria bassiana (5g/l), Metarhizium anisopliae (5g/l), Lecanicillium lecanii (5g/l) on the Temperature Tolerant strain of Trichogramma chilonis (TTT). Two sets of experiments were conducted, in the first experiment, all the test biopesticides were sprayed on the egg cards prepared from Corcyra cephalonica eggs (pre-release situation) and percent parasitisation and adult emergence were recorded; in the second one, test bio pesticides were sprayed on the parasitized cards (post release situation) and adult emergence was recorded. The results revealed that percent parasitisation and adult emergence from treated cards in both the experiments are on par with the untreated control, hence they are considered safe and can be used along with TTT.
{"title":"Compatibility of commercially available biopesticidal formulations with Temperature Tolerant strain of Trichogramma chilonis (TTT) in pre- and post-release situations in laboratory","authors":"D. Manideepthi, S. A. S. Rahman, S. J. Rahman, T. Ramesh","doi":"10.18311/jbc/2022/30781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/jbc/2022/30781","url":null,"abstract":"Laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of some commercially available biopesticidal formulations, such as Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (2g/l), Bacillus sphaericus(2g/l), Beauveria bassiana (5g/l), Metarhizium anisopliae (5g/l), Lecanicillium lecanii (5g/l) on the Temperature Tolerant strain of Trichogramma chilonis (TTT). Two sets of experiments were conducted, in the first experiment, all the test biopesticides were sprayed on the egg cards prepared from Corcyra cephalonica eggs (pre-release situation) and percent parasitisation and adult emergence were recorded; in the second one, test bio pesticides were sprayed on the parasitized cards (post release situation) and adult emergence was recorded. The results revealed that percent parasitisation and adult emergence from treated cards in both the experiments are on par with the untreated control, hence they are considered safe and can be used along with TTT.","PeriodicalId":15188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Control","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87289307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mass production of Metarhizium anisopliae on different locally available solid substrates viz., pearl millet, maize, sweet corn, cowpea, rice bran, wheat bran, press mud + yeast extract (1%) and bagasse + yeast extract (1%) and Pulses viz., green gram, red gram, chick pea and cowpea and liquid media viz., sabouraud’s dextrose broth, potato dextrose broth, sabouraud’s maltose broth, sabouraud’s sucrose broth and sabouraud’s glucose broth was taken up. Significantly highest number of CFU were recorded in green gram, 94.00, 91.00 and 97.00 CFU per ml with 13.24 × 108 , 16.42 × 108 and 15.56 × 108 conidia per ml in 3 promising strains, UASRBC-Ma2, UASRBC-Ma31 and ICAR-NBAIRMa4, respectively followed by wheat bran, 78.00, 73.00 and 93.33 CFU per ml with 22.00 × 108 , 26.23 × 108 and 24 × 108 conidia per ml and maximum dry mycelia recorded in Sabouraud’s maltose yeast broth, 127.33 mg, 219.67 mg, 325.67 mg and 386.00 mg per 100 ml of liquid broth on 4th, 6th, 8th and 10th days after inoculation. The present study revealed that solid substrates namely green gram, rice and wheat bran and liquid media, sabouraud’s maltose broth provide a simplest productive medium for mass production of Metarhizium anisopliae spores.
{"title":"Mass production of insect pathogenic hypocreale fungi, Metarhizium anisopliae on solid substrates and liquid media","authors":"E. Sowmya, A. Hosamani, M. Mamatha","doi":"10.18311/jbc/2022/30970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/jbc/2022/30970","url":null,"abstract":"Mass production of Metarhizium anisopliae on different locally available solid substrates viz., pearl millet, maize, sweet corn, cowpea, rice bran, wheat bran, press mud + yeast extract (1%) and bagasse + yeast extract (1%) and Pulses viz., green gram, red gram, chick pea and cowpea and liquid media viz., sabouraud’s dextrose broth, potato dextrose broth, sabouraud’s maltose broth, sabouraud’s sucrose broth and sabouraud’s glucose broth was taken up. Significantly highest number of CFU were recorded in green gram, 94.00, 91.00 and 97.00 CFU per ml with 13.24 × 108 , 16.42 × 108 and 15.56 × 108 conidia per ml in 3 promising strains, UASRBC-Ma2, UASRBC-Ma31 and ICAR-NBAIRMa4, respectively followed by wheat bran, 78.00, 73.00 and 93.33 CFU per ml with 22.00 × 108 , 26.23 × 108 and 24 × 108 conidia per ml and maximum dry mycelia recorded in Sabouraud’s maltose yeast broth, 127.33 mg, 219.67 mg, 325.67 mg and 386.00 mg per 100 ml of liquid broth on 4th, 6th, 8th and 10th days after inoculation. The present study revealed that solid substrates namely green gram, rice and wheat bran and liquid media, sabouraud’s maltose broth provide a simplest productive medium for mass production of Metarhizium anisopliae spores.","PeriodicalId":15188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Control","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84904570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jigmet Yangchan, K. Choudhary, R. Kumari, P. Kumari, Sunil Kumar
Agrotis ipsilon (Lepidoptera:Noctuidae) known as greasy cutworm is an important destructive polyphagous pest of many crops distributed throughout the world. Larvae are polyphagous with a wide and diverse host range, as a result of which they cause extensive damage to a wide range of agricultural and horticultural crops, mainly at the seedling stage. Insecticide resistance has grown as a result of the widespread and arbitrary use of pesticides, and pesticide residues have accumulated in food. There is a growing need for new pest management strategies to limit the threat to humans, the environment, and non-target organisms as a result of these pests. This review encompasses the use of biorational compounds for the management of this pest. It could offer a broad perspective to direct the search for novel pesticidal tactics against A. ipsilon that are focused on environmental sustainability.
{"title":"Greasy cutworm (Agrotis ipsilon) and its biorational management strategies: A review","authors":"Jigmet Yangchan, K. Choudhary, R. Kumari, P. Kumari, Sunil Kumar","doi":"10.18311/jbc/2022/32256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/jbc/2022/32256","url":null,"abstract":"Agrotis ipsilon (Lepidoptera:Noctuidae) known as greasy cutworm is an important destructive polyphagous pest of many crops distributed throughout the world. Larvae are polyphagous with a wide and diverse host range, as a result of which they cause extensive damage to a wide range of agricultural and horticultural crops, mainly at the seedling stage. Insecticide resistance has grown as a result of the widespread and arbitrary use of pesticides, and pesticide residues have accumulated in food. There is a growing need for new pest management strategies to limit the threat to humans, the environment, and non-target organisms as a result of these pests. This review encompasses the use of biorational compounds for the management of this pest. It could offer a broad perspective to direct the search for novel pesticidal tactics against A. ipsilon that are focused on environmental sustainability.","PeriodicalId":15188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Control","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83436998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rice (Oryza sativa L.), as a cereal grain, is the most widely consumed staple food for a large part of the world’s human population, especially in Asia and Africa. Rice production is often subjected to several biotic and abiotic stresses. Rice sheath blight is one of the most destructive diseases causing economic losses in rice yields and affecting quality worldwide. Twenty soil samples were collected from the rhizosphere of rice crop from different regions of Northern Karnataka. Trichoderma spp. were isolated from the rhizospheric soil samples. The antagonistic potential of Trichoderma spp. was studied using dual culture technique. Among twenty strains of Trichoderma the highest inhibition (>50%) was recorded in nine strains which ranged from 54.20 to 65.10 per cent. Trichoderma harzianum recorded highest seed germination (100%), root length (13.73 cm), shoot length (8.64 cm) and seedling vigour index. In pot culture experiment, the Trichoderma strains significantly improved the growth parameters such as root length, shoot length and number of tillers per plant. Among the different treatments, seed treatment + root dipping + foliar spray with T. harzianum strain was highly effective in increasing the shoot length, root length and seedling vigour index at 30, 60 and 90 days after sowing. This strain was found highly effective in inhibiting the pathogen and promoting the growth of rice plants.
{"title":"Antagonistic potential and growth promoting activities of novel indigenous strains of Trichoderma","authors":"G. Sunkad, Akshata Gour, Ranjana Joshi, M. Patil","doi":"10.18311/jbc/2022/32443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/jbc/2022/32443","url":null,"abstract":"Rice (Oryza sativa L.), as a cereal grain, is the most widely consumed staple food for a large part of the world’s human population, especially in Asia and Africa. Rice production is often subjected to several biotic and abiotic stresses. Rice sheath blight is one of the most destructive diseases causing economic losses in rice yields and affecting quality worldwide. Twenty soil samples were collected from the rhizosphere of rice crop from different regions of Northern Karnataka. Trichoderma spp. were isolated from the rhizospheric soil samples. The antagonistic potential of Trichoderma spp. was studied using dual culture technique. Among twenty strains of Trichoderma the highest inhibition (>50%) was recorded in nine strains which ranged from 54.20 to 65.10 per cent. Trichoderma harzianum recorded highest seed germination (100%), root length (13.73 cm), shoot length (8.64 cm) and seedling vigour index. In pot culture experiment, the Trichoderma strains significantly improved the growth parameters such as root length, shoot length and number of tillers per plant. Among the different treatments, seed treatment + root dipping + foliar spray with T. harzianum strain was highly effective in increasing the shoot length, root length and seedling vigour index at 30, 60 and 90 days after sowing. This strain was found highly effective in inhibiting the pathogen and promoting the growth of rice plants.","PeriodicalId":15188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Control","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89370751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Guruswamy, M. Madhavi, Lingakari Mahesh, Zakkum Grace Beena
The present study mainly focused on the diversity of spider fauna in the agro-ecosystem of Mahabubnagar district during the Kharif and Rabi seasons of 2020-21. The sampling was collected at monthly intervals by different methods (in situ counts, net sweeping, pitfall traps and litter sampling). A total of 30 spider species were identified of which, Araneidae family is represented by 8 species belonging to four genera followed by the Salticidae family (5 species), Oxyopidae (4 species), Lycosidae and Pholcidae (3 species), Thomisidae (2 species) Gnaphosidae, Hersillidae, Sparassidae and Tetragnathidae represented by one species, respectively. The diversity indices viz., Shannon-Weiner Index (2.785- Kharif season and 2.752-Rabi season), Simpson Index (0.912-Kharif season and 0.899 Rabi season), Margalef Index (4.122- Kharif season and 4.25- Rabi season) and Pielou’s Index (0.104 Kharif season and 0.09 Rabi season) were calculated.
{"title":"Diversity and abundance of spider fauna of agro-ecosystems: A case sudy of Mahabubnagar district, Telangana state","authors":"S. Guruswamy, M. Madhavi, Lingakari Mahesh, Zakkum Grace Beena","doi":"10.18311/jbc/2022/32062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/jbc/2022/32062","url":null,"abstract":"The present study mainly focused on the diversity of spider fauna in the agro-ecosystem of Mahabubnagar district during the Kharif and Rabi seasons of 2020-21. The sampling was collected at monthly intervals by different methods (in situ counts, net sweeping, pitfall traps and litter sampling). A total of 30 spider species were identified of which, Araneidae family is represented by 8 species belonging to four genera followed by the Salticidae family (5 species), Oxyopidae (4 species), Lycosidae and Pholcidae (3 species), Thomisidae (2 species) Gnaphosidae, Hersillidae, Sparassidae and Tetragnathidae represented by one species, respectively. The diversity indices viz., Shannon-Weiner Index (2.785- Kharif season and 2.752-Rabi season), Simpson Index (0.912-Kharif season and 0.899 Rabi season), Margalef Index (4.122- Kharif season and 4.25- Rabi season) and Pielou’s Index (0.104 Kharif season and 0.09 Rabi season) were calculated.","PeriodicalId":15188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Control","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76032679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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