In the present study, we investigated the feeding rate and the effect of intra- and inter-specific interactions between adults, 3rd and 4th instar larvae of the coccinellids, Coccinella transversalis and Cheilomenes sexmaculata to its conspecific and heterospecific combinations under laboratory conditions. Cannibalism and the effect of interaction were investigated using the multiplicative risk model. Aphidophagous predators and their instars were kept alone, paired with conspecifics, and heterospecifics combinations in the absence and presence of prey (aphid, Aphis gossypii). In the presence of aphids, the combined release of these predator species revealed that except for (3rd × 3rd) and (4th× 4th) intraspecific combination of both predators, the observed consumption was lower than the expected consumption. In the case of interspecific combination, the observed consumption was significantly lower than expected and it indicated the antagonistic effect of both the predators in later instars in the presence of sufficient prey population. In the absence of the prey, intra-specific cannibalism was lowest between adults of both the species and highest among C. transversalis 3rd × C. transversalis adult and C. sexmaculata 3rd × C. sexmaculata adult. The interspecific predation was highest between C. transversalis adult × C. sexmaculata 3rd instar and lowest between adults of both species. The results suggest that C. transversalis was more a successful aphid predator, being able to find aphids more quickly and consume more of them compared to C. sexmaculata. As there was less intraspecific cannibalism among C. transversalis and individual consumption is also high, it is considered to play a significant role as a biocontrol agent in aphid management.
{"title":"Intra- and inter-specific interactions between Coccinella transversalis and Cheilomenes sexmaculata in relation to prey abundance","authors":"R. Das, A. M. Devee","doi":"10.18311/jbc/2023/34402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/jbc/2023/34402","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study, we investigated the feeding rate and the effect of intra- and inter-specific interactions between adults, 3rd and 4th instar larvae of the coccinellids, Coccinella transversalis and Cheilomenes sexmaculata to its conspecific and heterospecific combinations under laboratory conditions. Cannibalism and the effect of interaction were investigated using the multiplicative risk model. Aphidophagous predators and their instars were kept alone, paired with conspecifics, and heterospecifics combinations in the absence and presence of prey (aphid, Aphis gossypii). In the presence of aphids, the combined release of these predator species revealed that except for (3rd × 3rd) and (4th× 4th) intraspecific combination of both predators, the observed consumption was lower than the expected consumption. In the case of interspecific combination, the observed consumption was significantly lower than expected and it indicated the antagonistic effect of both the predators in later instars in the presence of sufficient prey population. In the absence of the prey, intra-specific cannibalism was lowest between adults of both the species and highest among C. transversalis 3rd × C. transversalis adult and C. sexmaculata 3rd × C. sexmaculata adult. The interspecific predation was highest between C. transversalis adult × C. sexmaculata 3rd instar and lowest between adults of both species. The results suggest that C. transversalis was more a successful aphid predator, being able to find aphids more quickly and consume more of them compared to C. sexmaculata. As there was less intraspecific cannibalism among C. transversalis and individual consumption is also high, it is considered to play a significant role as a biocontrol agent in aphid management.","PeriodicalId":15188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Control","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139333767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. BHARATH KUMAR, Megana, P. V. GOWDA, PRAVEEN KUMAR NAGADESI
Trichothecium roseum (Pers.) Link causes pink mold rot in banana fruits across the world. Due to this infection, 30% of losses arise in poor man’s food. To control this disease, plant extracts show an alternative to fungicides. In this study, 40 plant species were screened for their antifungal activity against T. roseum. Among 40 hot and cold aqueous extracts of plant species, only 10% Allium sativum and 6% and 8% of Mansoa allicea showed 100% inhibition of T. roseum. Freezing condition (4°C) shows 100% inhibition compared to room temperature (27°C) and incubation temperature (46°C). One hundred per cent inhibition of T. roseum was observed within 5 days compared to 15, 20 and 30 days of incubation. The pink mold of banana caused by T. roseum was reported for the first time in Karnataka.
{"title":"Antifungal activities of different plant extracts against pink mold of banana caused by Trichothecium roseum (Pers.) Link","authors":"S. BHARATH KUMAR, Megana, P. V. GOWDA, PRAVEEN KUMAR NAGADESI","doi":"10.18311/jbc/2023/35083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/jbc/2023/35083","url":null,"abstract":"Trichothecium roseum (Pers.) Link causes pink mold rot in banana fruits across the world. Due to this infection, 30% of losses arise in poor man’s food. To control this disease, plant extracts show an alternative to fungicides. In this study, 40 plant species were screened for their antifungal activity against T. roseum. Among 40 hot and cold aqueous extracts of plant species, only 10% Allium sativum and 6% and 8% of Mansoa allicea showed 100% inhibition of T. roseum. Freezing condition (4°C) shows 100% inhibition compared to room temperature (27°C) and incubation temperature (46°C). One hundred per cent inhibition of T. roseum was observed within 5 days compared to 15, 20 and 30 days of incubation. The pink mold of banana caused by T. roseum was reported for the first time in Karnataka.","PeriodicalId":15188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Control","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139332929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study was intended to optimize the culture conditions for secondary metabolite production by endophytic fungi. Based on the morphology and phylogeny, the fungus was identified as Trichoderma longibrachiatum isolated from brinjal leaf based on morphological characterization. The antifungal activity was evaluated against phytopathogens such as Macrophomina phaseolina, Phytopthora infestans, Colletotrichum falcatum and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides through the overlapping method, culture filtrate and organic fraction from Potato dextrose both as a growth medium. The organic fraction exhibited a significant antifungal activity, while modifications in medium composition may possess a major impact on the quantity and quality of secondary metabolites production. To achieve maximum metabolite production, the growth of the culture was optimized with screening of basal media, carbon, nitrogen, pH, trace elements and incubation period. The final optimized fermentation conditions were Minimal ereavis broth as basal media; glucose and sucrose as carbon source; Peptone and Yeast extract as nitrogen source, sodium nitrate as precursor; pH as 6; and incubation period as 7 days at 28°C. This optimization resulted in antifungal activity of 47.19-60.67% against M. phaseolina, P. infestans, C. falcatum, and C. gloeosporioides which was higher than that before optimization (43.80%). GCMS revealed distinct metabolites of T. longibrachiatum, comprising antifungal metabolites and molecules with additional bioactivities. These results strengthen ongoing research on disease control in agriculture by emphasizing the biocontrol potential of T. longibrachiatum isolated from brinjal phyllosphere against plant pathogenic fungi.
{"title":"Optimization of culture conditions for the production, antifungal activity and characterization of secondary metabolites of Trichoderma longibrachiatum","authors":"R. Priya, S. Balachander, N. Prabhakaran","doi":"10.18311/jbc/2023/34700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/jbc/2023/34700","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was intended to optimize the culture conditions for secondary metabolite production by endophytic fungi. Based on the morphology and phylogeny, the fungus was identified as Trichoderma longibrachiatum isolated from brinjal leaf based on morphological characterization. The antifungal activity was evaluated against phytopathogens such as Macrophomina phaseolina, Phytopthora infestans, Colletotrichum falcatum and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides through the overlapping method, culture filtrate and organic fraction from Potato dextrose both as a growth medium. The organic fraction exhibited a significant antifungal activity, while modifications in medium composition may possess a major impact on the quantity and quality of secondary metabolites production. To achieve maximum metabolite production, the growth of the culture was optimized with screening of basal media, carbon, nitrogen, pH, trace elements and incubation period. The final optimized fermentation conditions were Minimal ereavis broth as basal media; glucose and sucrose as carbon source; Peptone and Yeast extract as nitrogen source, sodium nitrate as precursor; pH as 6; and incubation period as 7 days at 28°C. This optimization resulted in antifungal activity of 47.19-60.67% against M. phaseolina, P. infestans, C. falcatum, and C. gloeosporioides which was higher than that before optimization (43.80%). GCMS revealed distinct metabolites of T. longibrachiatum, comprising antifungal metabolites and molecules with additional bioactivities. These results strengthen ongoing research on disease control in agriculture by emphasizing the biocontrol potential of T. longibrachiatum isolated from brinjal phyllosphere against plant pathogenic fungi.","PeriodicalId":15188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Control","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139331990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Grasshoppers pose a significant threat to agricultural productivity worldwide, causing substantial damage to various crops such as cereals, legumes, orchards, vegetables, grasslands, and forest plantations. This research aimed to study the species diversity of grasshoppers in five selected paddy field locations of Kamrup district, Assam, and assess the efficacy of aqueous extracts from the leaves of Azadirachta indica A. Juss (neem) and Aegle marmelos L. (bael) for controlling the most common grasshopper species, Acrida exaltata, found in the study locations. A total of 36 species of grasshoppers were collected and identified, out of which Acrididae was the most predominant grasshopper family, constituting 77.78% of the total collected species. The experimental results demonstrated abnormal changes in behaviour, including slower movement and increased inactivity among the aqueous extracts treated insects. Both the treated groups showed morphological and behavioural change with the more prominent effects observed from the neem-treated group. Haemolymph analysis revealed the presence of severe deformities in both treated groups, such as the spindle-shaped formation of cells, nuclear membrane disintegration, cell fusion and stacking, cytoplasmic vacuole formation, and cytoplasm degeneration. These findings demonstrate the pesticidal potential of neem and bael extracts against the Acrida exaltata grasshopper species, following its toxic impact on haematological, physiological, and morphological behaviour, suggesting the need for further research on their use as effective and environmentally friendly control measures against grasshopper pest infestations in densely vegetated and paddy fields in the region.
{"title":"Species diversity of grasshoppers in Kamrup district of Assam and their management by aqueous extracts of Azadirachta indica A. Juss and Aegle marmelos L.","authors":"Uma Dutta, Sonali Dey","doi":"10.18311/jbc/2023/34751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/jbc/2023/34751","url":null,"abstract":"Grasshoppers pose a significant threat to agricultural productivity worldwide, causing substantial damage to various crops such as cereals, legumes, orchards, vegetables, grasslands, and forest plantations. This research aimed to study the species diversity of grasshoppers in five selected paddy field locations of Kamrup district, Assam, and assess the efficacy of aqueous extracts from the leaves of Azadirachta indica A. Juss (neem) and Aegle marmelos L. (bael) for controlling the most common grasshopper species, Acrida exaltata, found in the study locations. A total of 36 species of grasshoppers were collected and identified, out of which Acrididae was the most predominant grasshopper family, constituting 77.78% of the total collected species. The experimental results demonstrated abnormal changes in behaviour, including slower movement and increased inactivity among the aqueous extracts treated insects. Both the treated groups showed morphological and behavioural change with the more prominent effects observed from the neem-treated group. Haemolymph analysis revealed the presence of severe deformities in both treated groups, such as the spindle-shaped formation of cells, nuclear membrane disintegration, cell fusion and stacking, cytoplasmic vacuole formation, and cytoplasm degeneration. These findings demonstrate the pesticidal potential of neem and bael extracts against the Acrida exaltata grasshopper species, following its toxic impact on haematological, physiological, and morphological behaviour, suggesting the need for further research on their use as effective and environmentally friendly control measures against grasshopper pest infestations in densely vegetated and paddy fields in the region.","PeriodicalId":15188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Control","volume":"64 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139332876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Evaluation of variable doses of tachnid fly, Sturmiopsis inferens for the management of pink stem borer, Sesamia inferens under field conditions in basmati rice (var. Pusa Basmati 1121) and wheat (var. HD 2967) was carried out at a farmer’s field in Ludhiana. Two intervals, i.e. one at 10 days and the other at 15 days were followed for releasing different doses (75, 100, 125 and 150 gravid females/ha) of S. inferens during August-October in rice and November-December in wheat. In case of Basmati rice, the minimum incidence of Sesamia inferens was recorded in treatment where a higher dose of 150 gravid females per ha was released (1.05 % DH at 75 DAT, 1.09 % WE), which was significantly at par with the dose of 125 gravid females per ha. The untreated control plot observed the highest incidence of Sesamia inferens (1.81% DH, 2.11% WE). The observations on grain yield revealed that higher doses of 125 and 150 per ha were significantly superior (37.90-38.41 q/ha) while doses of 100 and 75 per ha were at par with each other (36.35 and 36.91 q/ha, respectively) and minimum grain yield was recorded in untreated plots (34.73 q/ha). In the case of wheat, the minimum incidence was recorded in a treatment where a higher dose of 150 gravid females per ha was released (1.49% DH at 45 DAS, 1.28% WE), which was significantly at par with the dose of 125 gravid females per ha (1.66 % DH at 45 DAS, 1.50% WE). The untreated control plot observed the highest incidence (2.48 % DH at 45 DAS, 2.65% WE). The higher doses of 125 and 150 per ha were significantly superior in terms of grain yield (46.68-47.17 q/ha), while doses of 100 and 75 per ha gave a yield of 45.41 and 44.13 q/ha, respectively.
{"title":"Evaluation of variable doses of tachnid fly, Sturmiopsis inferens for the management of Sesamia inferens under field conditions in rice and wheat","authors":"Gurpinder Singh, Sudhendu Sharma","doi":"10.18311/jbc/2023/31881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/jbc/2023/31881","url":null,"abstract":"Evaluation of variable doses of tachnid fly, Sturmiopsis inferens for the management of pink stem borer, Sesamia inferens under field conditions in basmati rice (var. Pusa Basmati 1121) and wheat (var. HD 2967) was carried out at a farmer’s field in Ludhiana. Two intervals, i.e. one at 10 days and the other at 15 days were followed for releasing different doses (75, 100, 125 and 150 gravid females/ha) of S. inferens during August-October in rice and November-December in wheat. In case of Basmati rice, the minimum incidence of Sesamia inferens was recorded in treatment where a higher dose of 150 gravid females per ha was released (1.05 % DH at 75 DAT, 1.09 % WE), which was significantly at par with the dose of 125 gravid females per ha. The untreated control plot observed the highest incidence of Sesamia inferens (1.81% DH, 2.11% WE). The observations on grain yield revealed that higher doses of 125 and 150 per ha were significantly superior (37.90-38.41 q/ha) while doses of 100 and 75 per ha were at par with each other (36.35 and 36.91 q/ha, respectively) and minimum grain yield was recorded in untreated plots (34.73 q/ha). In the case of wheat, the minimum incidence was recorded in a treatment where a higher dose of 150 gravid females per ha was released (1.49% DH at 45 DAS, 1.28% WE), which was significantly at par with the dose of 125 gravid females per ha (1.66 % DH at 45 DAS, 1.50% WE). The untreated control plot observed the highest incidence (2.48 % DH at 45 DAS, 2.65% WE). The higher doses of 125 and 150 per ha were significantly superior in terms of grain yield (46.68-47.17 q/ha), while doses of 100 and 75 per ha gave a yield of 45.41 and 44.13 q/ha, respectively.","PeriodicalId":15188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Control","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139332113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Trichoderma asperellum is an antagonistic fungus, which has the ability to inhibit the growth of pathogens in target environment. The study on compatibility of T. asperellum with fungicide molecules was carried out to know its compatibility with different classes of fungicide molecules during the studies on antagonistic potential of Trichoderma sp. against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris causing chickpea wilt. In the present study, each of six popular systemic, non-systemic and combi-fungicide molecules were used to study the compatibility with bioagent Trichoderma asperellum. The fungicides were used at three different concentrations, i.e., systemic fungicides at 0.05, 0.1 and 0.15 per cent and non-systemic and combi fungicides at 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 per cent concentrations by using poisoned food technique. Among six systemic fungicides, only azoxystrobin was highly compatible, whereas other systemic fungicides were incompatible showing 100 per cent inhibition of T. asperellum. Among six non-systemic fungicides, propineb, copper oxychloride and copper hydroxide were compatible at all three concentrations tested. However, mancozeb was compatible at lower concentrations but incompatible at higher (0.3%) concentrations. Further, thiram and captan were highly incompatible. Among six combi fungicides, copper oxychloride + copper hydroxide and cymoxanil + mancozeb were compatible with T. asperellum.
{"title":"Compatibility of indigenous Trichoderma asperellum with chemical fungicides for the management of chickpea wilt","authors":"G. Sunkad, Ranjana Joshi, Meghana S. Patil","doi":"10.18311/jbc/2023/32435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/jbc/2023/32435","url":null,"abstract":"Trichoderma asperellum is an antagonistic fungus, which has the ability to inhibit the growth of pathogens in target environment. The study on compatibility of T. asperellum with fungicide molecules was carried out to know its compatibility with different classes of fungicide molecules during the studies on antagonistic potential of Trichoderma sp. against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris causing chickpea wilt. In the present study, each of six popular systemic, non-systemic and combi-fungicide molecules were used to study the compatibility with bioagent Trichoderma asperellum. The fungicides were used at three different concentrations, i.e., systemic fungicides at 0.05, 0.1 and 0.15 per cent and non-systemic and combi fungicides at 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 per cent concentrations by using poisoned food technique. Among six systemic fungicides, only azoxystrobin was highly compatible, whereas other systemic fungicides were incompatible showing 100 per cent inhibition of T. asperellum. Among six non-systemic fungicides, propineb, copper oxychloride and copper hydroxide were compatible at all three concentrations tested. However, mancozeb was compatible at lower concentrations but incompatible at higher (0.3%) concentrations. Further, thiram and captan were highly incompatible. Among six combi fungicides, copper oxychloride + copper hydroxide and cymoxanil + mancozeb were compatible with T. asperellum.","PeriodicalId":15188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Control","volume":"77 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72394974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
OFELIA M. CÓRDOVA PAZ-SOLDÁN, VANESSA PÉREZ ROJAS, FERNANDO R. VILLALAZ MORI, RICARDO DIEGO DUARTE GALHARDO DE ALBUQUERQUE, FRANKLIN R. VARGAS VÁSQUEZ, JOSÉ G. GONZÁLEZ CABEZA
Temephos and deltamethrin insecticides have been widely used to control Aedes aegypti in Bagua Grande district, Utcubamba, Amazonas, Peru. For this reason, the enzyme profile related to temephos and deltamethrin resistance in A. aegypti from Bagua Grande were evaluated. To determine the resistance status, bioassays were conducted with temephos using larvae and with deltamethrin using adults. Enzymes profile were evaluated by biochemical assays of αEST, βEST, GSTs, and remaining AChE in survived individuals to selective doses of both insecticides. Esterase patterns of larvae and adults were observed by native-PAGE. The population showed temephos susceptibility, with RR 50 = 3.06 and 83.95% mortality, and deltamethrin resistance with a mortality equal to 1.21%. Enzyme assays revealed highly altered levels of GST and AChE in larvae and altered levels of αEST and highly altered levels of GST and AChE in adults. Native-PAGE only showed common bands to susceptible strain. Results suggest that the presence of GST and AChE do not improve temephos resistance, while αEST, GST and AChE mechanisms are involved in deltamethrin resistance in A. aegypti from Bagua Grande.
{"title":"Enzyme profile of insecticide-resistant phenotypes of Aedes aegypti from Bagua, Peru","authors":"OFELIA M. CÓRDOVA PAZ-SOLDÁN, VANESSA PÉREZ ROJAS, FERNANDO R. VILLALAZ MORI, RICARDO DIEGO DUARTE GALHARDO DE ALBUQUERQUE, FRANKLIN R. VARGAS VÁSQUEZ, JOSÉ G. GONZÁLEZ CABEZA","doi":"10.18311/jbc/2023/33923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/jbc/2023/33923","url":null,"abstract":"Temephos and deltamethrin insecticides have been widely used to control Aedes aegypti in Bagua Grande district, Utcubamba, Amazonas, Peru. For this reason, the enzyme profile related to temephos and deltamethrin resistance in A. aegypti from Bagua Grande were evaluated. To determine the resistance status, bioassays were conducted with temephos using larvae and with deltamethrin using adults. Enzymes profile were evaluated by biochemical assays of αEST, βEST, GSTs, and remaining AChE in survived individuals to selective doses of both insecticides. Esterase patterns of larvae and adults were observed by native-PAGE. The population showed temephos susceptibility, with RR 50 = 3.06 and 83.95% mortality, and deltamethrin resistance with a mortality equal to 1.21%. Enzyme assays revealed highly altered levels of GST and AChE in larvae and altered levels of αEST and highly altered levels of GST and AChE in adults. Native-PAGE only showed common bands to susceptible strain. Results suggest that the presence of GST and AChE do not improve temephos resistance, while αEST, GST and AChE mechanisms are involved in deltamethrin resistance in A. aegypti from Bagua Grande.","PeriodicalId":15188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Control","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79890817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Evaluation of release rates of a generalist predator, Apertochrysa astur was carried out against Rugose Spiraling Whitefly (RSW) during 2020-21 and 2021-22 at Dr. YSRHU - SKPP Polytechnic College, Ramachandrapuram and Dr. YSRHU - Horticultural Research Station (HRS), Ambajipeta (100, 200, 300, 400, 500 and 600 eggs per palm). The overall and pooled results during the years 2020-21 and 2021-22, indicated that clipping of A. astur at 600 eggs/palm (T6) recorded the lowest number of RSW spirals, nymphs and pupae, whereas the control palms (T8) recorded with a maximum number of RSW spirals, nymphs and pupae per leaflet.
{"title":"Evaluation of release rates of predator, Apertochrysa astur (Banks) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) against Rugose Spiraling Whitefly (RSW), Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin","authors":"P. V. Raghuteja, N. C. Rao, E. PADMA, V. SEKHAR","doi":"10.18311/jbc/2023/33539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/jbc/2023/33539","url":null,"abstract":"Evaluation of release rates of a generalist predator, Apertochrysa astur was carried out against Rugose Spiraling Whitefly (RSW) during 2020-21 and 2021-22 at Dr. YSRHU - SKPP Polytechnic College, Ramachandrapuram and Dr. YSRHU - Horticultural Research Station (HRS), Ambajipeta (100, 200, 300, 400, 500 and 600 eggs per palm). The overall and pooled results during the years 2020-21 and 2021-22, indicated that clipping of A. astur at 600 eggs/palm (T6) recorded the lowest number of RSW spirals, nymphs and pupae, whereas the control palms (T8) recorded with a maximum number of RSW spirals, nymphs and pupae per leaflet.","PeriodicalId":15188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Control","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82807531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The tomato pinworm damage, population build-up, the damage and longevity of native predatory bug, Nesidiocoris tenuis in sole crop and diversified crop of tomato (pumpkin and sunn hemp as border crop + a patch of sunn hemp as hedgerow) were studied. Infestation of tomato pinworm, Phthorimaea absoluta was found to be the highest in the sole crop (5.60 live mines/plant at 20 DAP) compared to the diversified crop of tomato (1.50 live mines per plant). No significant difference in the number of necrotic rings per plant was observed between the sole crop and the diversified crop of tomatoes. The development period of nymphs of N. tenuis was the shortest in tomatoes followed by pumpkin. The results of the present study confirmed the role of crop diversification in supporting the population build-up of predatory bug N. tenuis in effecting the biological control of pinworm in tomato crop.
{"title":"Fitness and population build-up of a native predatory bug, Nesidiocoris tenuis, on tomato pinworm, Phthorimaea absoluta, in a modified crop habitat","authors":"A. Udayakumar, H. S. Venu, T. M. Shivalingaswamy","doi":"10.18311/jbc/2023/34198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/jbc/2023/34198","url":null,"abstract":"The tomato pinworm damage, population build-up, the damage and longevity of native predatory bug, Nesidiocoris tenuis in sole crop and diversified crop of tomato (pumpkin and sunn hemp as border crop + a patch of sunn hemp as hedgerow) were studied. Infestation of tomato pinworm, Phthorimaea absoluta was found to be the highest in the sole crop (5.60 live mines/plant at 20 DAP) compared to the diversified crop of tomato (1.50 live mines per plant). No significant difference in the number of necrotic rings per plant was observed between the sole crop and the diversified crop of tomatoes. The development period of nymphs of N. tenuis was the shortest in tomatoes followed by pumpkin. The results of the present study confirmed the role of crop diversification in supporting the population build-up of predatory bug N. tenuis in effecting the biological control of pinworm in tomato crop.","PeriodicalId":15188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Control","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80214044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The eggs, larvae and pupae of the rice moth, Corcyra cephalonica (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae), have been found to serve as factitious/ alternative hosts for mass-production of at least 78 species of natural enemies – 60 parasitoids, 18 predators – belonging to 35 genera in 18 families under 8 orders that include Hymenoptera, Diptera, Arachnida and Nematoda for parasitoids while Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera and Neuroptera for predators. A list of these natural enemies is provided. Thus, though C. cephalonica is a serious pest of stored grains under natural conditions, it is a boon in laboratories as a factitious host for economic mass production of a variety of parasitoids and predators like Trichogramma, Chrysoperla, etc., which are extensively utilized in augmentative biological control.
{"title":"Rice moth, Corcyra cephalonica (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae) – A boon for biocontrol as a factitious host for mass production of parasitoids and predators","authors":"T. M. MANJUNATH","doi":"10.18311/jbc/2023/34724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/jbc/2023/34724","url":null,"abstract":"The eggs, larvae and pupae of the rice moth, Corcyra cephalonica (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae), have been found to serve as factitious/ alternative hosts for mass-production of at least 78 species of natural enemies – 60 parasitoids, 18 predators – belonging to 35 genera in 18 families under 8 orders that include Hymenoptera, Diptera, Arachnida and Nematoda for parasitoids while Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera and Neuroptera for predators. A list of these natural enemies is provided. Thus, though C. cephalonica is a serious pest of stored grains under natural conditions, it is a boon in laboratories as a factitious host for economic mass production of a variety of parasitoids and predators like Trichogramma, Chrysoperla, etc., which are extensively utilized in augmentative biological control.","PeriodicalId":15188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Control","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75269741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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