To investigate how fruit type evolution influences ecological divergence, species diversification, and biogeographic history in tribe Ligustrinae (Oleaceae).
Location
Temperate and subtropical regions across the Northern Hemisphere.
Taxon
Tribe Ligustrinae, comprising Syringa and Ligustrum.
Methods
We reconstructed a robust phylogeny and estimated divergence times using plastome sequences. Ecological niches modelling and ancestral niche reconstruction were performed to infer habitat preferences. Biogeographic analyses and paleodistribution modelling were used to explore historical range dynamics and niche evolution across different fruit types.
Results
Capsules were primarily associated with humid, temperate regions, while drupes occupied broader ecological niches, expanding into warmer, humid subtropical zones. Biogeographic reconstruction indicated a north-to-south expansion of tribe Ligustrinae, coinciding with the transition from capsules to drupes. Paleodistribution models revealed fruit-type-specific ecological dynamics and niche expansion patterns over time.
Main Conclusions
Fruit type evolution in tribe Ligustrinae is closely linked to ecological divergence, lineage diversification, and biogeographic patterns. Drupes and capsules occupy distinct ecological niches and distributions, reflecting coordinated changes between reproductive traits and environmental adaptation. These findings highlight the combined role of fruit morphology and climatic factors in shaping plant diversity, adaptation, and distribution.
{"title":"Fruit Evolution Is Key to Ecological Niches and Distribution Ranges Divergence in the Tribe Ligustrinae (Oleaceae)","authors":"Yushuang Wang, Enze Li, Xingyong Cui, Yuxin Ren, Gangmin Zhang, Wenpan Dong","doi":"10.1111/jbi.70111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.70111","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To investigate how fruit type evolution influences ecological divergence, species diversification, and biogeographic history in tribe Ligustrinae (Oleaceae).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Temperate and subtropical regions across the Northern Hemisphere.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Taxon</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Tribe Ligustrinae, comprising <i>Syringa</i> and <i>Ligustrum</i>.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We reconstructed a robust phylogeny and estimated divergence times using plastome sequences. Ecological niches modelling and ancestral niche reconstruction were performed to infer habitat preferences. Biogeographic analyses and paleodistribution modelling were used to explore historical range dynamics and niche evolution across different fruit types.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Capsules were primarily associated with humid, temperate regions, while drupes occupied broader ecological niches, expanding into warmer, humid subtropical zones. Biogeographic reconstruction indicated a north-to-south expansion of tribe Ligustrinae, coinciding with the transition from capsules to drupes. Paleodistribution models revealed fruit-type-specific ecological dynamics and niche expansion patterns over time.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fruit type evolution in tribe Ligustrinae is closely linked to ecological divergence, lineage diversification, and biogeographic patterns. Drupes and capsules occupy distinct ecological niches and distributions, reflecting coordinated changes between reproductive traits and environmental adaptation. These findings highlight the combined role of fruit morphology and climatic factors in shaping plant diversity, adaptation, and distribution.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15299,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biogeography","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146007463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Erik Joaquín Torres-Romero, Guillermo A. Woolrich-Piña, Geoffrey R. Smith, William J. Ripple, Julio A. Lemos-Espinal, Armando Sunny, Craig B. Stanford
Aim
Human activities have profoundly altered biodiversity and ecosystems worldwide, particularly impacting freshwater systems crucial for many reptile species, such as crocodilian and chelonian species, many of which rely heavily on freshwater habitats. Here, we assessed the influence of human-altered variables (human footprint, aridity index, and livestock layers) and conservation lands on global crocodilian and chelonian species richness and the status of threatened species using IUCN Red List categories to assess extinction risk.
Location
Global.
Time Period
Present and Future.
Taxa Studied
Crocodylia and Chelonia (continental tortoises and turtles, not sea turtles).
Methods
We used spatial regression models with global data sets on species distributions, anthropogenic pressures, and conservation lands to examine the effects of human-altered variables and conservation lands on global crocodilian and chelonian species richness.
Results
According to the IUCN Red List, 42% of the crocodilian and 51% of the chelonian species are globally threatened (CR, EN, VU). Anthropogenic factors, including aridity, human footprint and livestock density, were significantly negatively correlated with species richness. In contrast, the extent of freshwater habitats (FWH), indigenous peoples' lands (IPLs) and protected areas (PAs) were key predictors of species persistence worldwide.
Main Conclusions
Our projections for FWH and IPLs indicate a concerning decline, threatening the availability of safe havens for these taxa. This trend, coupled with escalating anthropogenic pressures, poses a dire threat to conservation lands and the species that depend on them. We strongly recommend the establishment of robust national and international policy frameworks to promote sustainable livelihoods and alleviate human-induced pressures. These measures are vital for mitigating extinction risks and ensuring the long-term conservation of crocodilian and chelonian species and the ecosystems they inhabit.
{"title":"Human-Induced Extinction Risk of the World's Crocodilians and Chelonians","authors":"Erik Joaquín Torres-Romero, Guillermo A. Woolrich-Piña, Geoffrey R. Smith, William J. Ripple, Julio A. Lemos-Espinal, Armando Sunny, Craig B. Stanford","doi":"10.1111/jbi.70116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.70116","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Human activities have profoundly altered biodiversity and ecosystems worldwide, particularly impacting freshwater systems crucial for many reptile species, such as crocodilian and chelonian species, many of which rely heavily on freshwater habitats. Here, we assessed the influence of human-altered variables (human footprint, aridity index, and livestock layers) and conservation lands on global crocodilian and chelonian species richness and the status of threatened species using IUCN Red List categories to assess extinction risk.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Global.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Time Period</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Present and Future.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Taxa Studied</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Crocodylia and Chelonia (continental tortoises and turtles, not sea turtles).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We used spatial regression models with global data sets on species distributions, anthropogenic pressures, and conservation lands to examine the effects of human-altered variables and conservation lands on global crocodilian and chelonian species richness.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>According to the IUCN Red List, 42% of the crocodilian and 51% of the chelonian species are globally threatened (CR, EN, VU). Anthropogenic factors, including aridity, human footprint and livestock density, were significantly negatively correlated with species richness. In contrast, the extent of freshwater habitats (FWH), indigenous peoples' lands (IPLs) and protected areas (PAs) were key predictors of species persistence worldwide.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our projections for FWH and IPLs indicate a concerning decline, threatening the availability of safe havens for these taxa. This trend, coupled with escalating anthropogenic pressures, poses a dire threat to conservation lands and the species that depend on them. We strongly recommend the establishment of robust national and international policy frameworks to promote sustainable livelihoods and alleviate human-induced pressures. These measures are vital for mitigating extinction risks and ensuring the long-term conservation of crocodilian and chelonian species and the ecosystems they inhabit.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15299,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biogeography","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146002069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Martina Tarascio, Lisa Brancaleoni, Anna Cazzavillan, Maurizio Cutini, Renato Gerdol, Thomas Abeli
Aim
Climate change is reshaping plant phenology and species distributions, especially in temperate and boreal ecosystems, where advances in spring events have already extended the growing season. While temperature has been the primary focus of many studies, the role of photoperiod—a stable, latitude-dependent cue—remains underexplored. This review aims to assess the combined effect of both photoperiod and temperature on plant responses to climate change.
Location
Northern hemisphere.
Taxon
Spermatophytes.
Methods
In this review, we synthesise evidence from 68 studies covering 344 taxa to evaluate how photoperiod interacts with rising temperatures to influence plant phenology.
Results
Key life cycle events such as bud burst, flowering and senescence are shown to be shaped by complex photoperiod–temperature interactions. Spring phenology seems to be the most affected by this interaction, with long photoperiods counterbalancing insufficient winter chilling in many species. Moreover, photoperiod constraints may limit the adaptive potential of certain species, particularly in high-latitude regions, and act as a barrier to range expansion under climate warming.
Conclusions
Understanding temperature–photoperiod interactions is essential for predicting species responses, guiding conservation strategies and improving ecosystem management in a changing climate. For example, this interaction might affect the choice of suitable plant material for assisted colonisation.
{"title":"Photoperiod–Temperature Interactions in a Changing Climate: A Review of Plant Phenological Responses","authors":"Martina Tarascio, Lisa Brancaleoni, Anna Cazzavillan, Maurizio Cutini, Renato Gerdol, Thomas Abeli","doi":"10.1111/jbi.70113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.70113","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Climate change is reshaping plant phenology and species distributions, especially in temperate and boreal ecosystems, where advances in spring events have already extended the growing season. While temperature has been the primary focus of many studies, the role of photoperiod—a stable, latitude-dependent cue—remains underexplored. This review aims to assess the combined effect of both photoperiod and temperature on plant responses to climate change.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Northern hemisphere.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Taxon</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Spermatophytes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this review, we synthesise evidence from 68 studies covering 344 taxa to evaluate how photoperiod interacts with rising temperatures to influence plant phenology.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Key life cycle events such as bud burst, flowering and senescence are shown to be shaped by complex photoperiod–temperature interactions. Spring phenology seems to be the most affected by this interaction, with long photoperiods counterbalancing insufficient winter chilling in many species. Moreover, photoperiod constraints may limit the adaptive potential of certain species, particularly in high-latitude regions, and act as a barrier to range expansion under climate warming.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Understanding temperature–photoperiod interactions is essential for predicting species responses, guiding conservation strategies and improving ecosystem management in a changing climate. For example, this interaction might affect the choice of suitable plant material for assisted colonisation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15299,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biogeography","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jbi.70113","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146002220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bruno F. Melo, Tobit L. D. Liyandja, Casey B. Dillman, Melanie L. J. Stiassny
<div> <section> <h3> Aim</h3> <p>African freshwater fishes serve as important biogeographical indicators of geomorphological and hydrological history across the continent. However, research focusing on the phylogeny, biogeography and diversification of African fishes, particularly in central Africa, is relatively scarce. Here, we evaluate three geological hypotheses regarding the formation of the contemporary Congo basin: (1) the dominance of the Ogooué and Kouilou rivers along the western continental margin during the Cretaceous, (2) an eastward-flowing Congo-Zambezian system forming the Rufiji Delta during the Paleogene and (3) river basin capture resulting in the formation of the Lower Congo River during the Pliocene. To do this, we reconstructed the phylogeny of featherfin tetras of the genus <i>Bryconaethiops</i> using their mitochondrial genomes, estimated diversification chronology, and detected biogeographic transitions in Central Africa.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Location</h3> <p>Afrotropical rivers of Nilo-Sudan, Lower Guinea, Congo and Malagarasi-Tanganyika.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Time Period</h3> <p>Oligocene, Neogene and Quaternary.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Taxon</h3> <p><i>Bryconaethiops</i> (Teleostei: Characiformes: Alestidae).</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>Analysis of a molecular matrix of complete mitochondrial genomes comprising 13 protein-coding genes totaling 14,869 bp for 36 <i>Bryconaethiops</i> and related alestid taxa. Phylogenetic analyses included maximum likelihood, Bayesian fossil calibration, and parametric biogeographic reconstructions. Support for generic monophyly was evaluated using internal and external anatomy with microcomputed tomography (μCT) and conventional morphometric/meristic analyses. Data from museum specimens provided updated distributional ranges for each <i>Bryconaethiops</i> species.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>Time-calibrated phylogenetic and biogeographic analyses suggest initial diversification of <i>Bryconaethiops</i> occurred in Lower Guinea during the Oligocene (<i>ca.</i> 25 Ma), followed by transitions to the Nilo-Sudan and Middle Congo regions during the Early Miocene (<i>ca.</i> 19–17 Ma). Three distinct Pleistocene dispersal events to the Lower Congo (<i>ca.</i> 0.7–0.05 Ma) and three to the Upper Congo and Malagarasi of Tanganyika (<i>ca.</i> 1.5–0.1 Ma) were detected. Morphological analysis reveals four generic synapomorphies associated with modification of the
{"title":"Pleistocene Transitions From the Proto-Congo to Adjacent Rivers Uncovered by Phylogenetics and Biogeography of Bryconaethiops (Teleostei: Alestidae)","authors":"Bruno F. Melo, Tobit L. D. Liyandja, Casey B. Dillman, Melanie L. J. Stiassny","doi":"10.1111/jbi.70118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.70118","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>African freshwater fishes serve as important biogeographical indicators of geomorphological and hydrological history across the continent. However, research focusing on the phylogeny, biogeography and diversification of African fishes, particularly in central Africa, is relatively scarce. Here, we evaluate three geological hypotheses regarding the formation of the contemporary Congo basin: (1) the dominance of the Ogooué and Kouilou rivers along the western continental margin during the Cretaceous, (2) an eastward-flowing Congo-Zambezian system forming the Rufiji Delta during the Paleogene and (3) river basin capture resulting in the formation of the Lower Congo River during the Pliocene. To do this, we reconstructed the phylogeny of featherfin tetras of the genus <i>Bryconaethiops</i> using their mitochondrial genomes, estimated diversification chronology, and detected biogeographic transitions in Central Africa.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Afrotropical rivers of Nilo-Sudan, Lower Guinea, Congo and Malagarasi-Tanganyika.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Time Period</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Oligocene, Neogene and Quaternary.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Taxon</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Bryconaethiops</i> (Teleostei: Characiformes: Alestidae).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Analysis of a molecular matrix of complete mitochondrial genomes comprising 13 protein-coding genes totaling 14,869 bp for 36 <i>Bryconaethiops</i> and related alestid taxa. Phylogenetic analyses included maximum likelihood, Bayesian fossil calibration, and parametric biogeographic reconstructions. Support for generic monophyly was evaluated using internal and external anatomy with microcomputed tomography (μCT) and conventional morphometric/meristic analyses. Data from museum specimens provided updated distributional ranges for each <i>Bryconaethiops</i> species.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Time-calibrated phylogenetic and biogeographic analyses suggest initial diversification of <i>Bryconaethiops</i> occurred in Lower Guinea during the Oligocene (<i>ca.</i> 25 Ma), followed by transitions to the Nilo-Sudan and Middle Congo regions during the Early Miocene (<i>ca.</i> 19–17 Ma). Three distinct Pleistocene dispersal events to the Lower Congo (<i>ca.</i> 0.7–0.05 Ma) and three to the Upper Congo and Malagarasi of Tanganyika (<i>ca.</i> 1.5–0.1 Ma) were detected. Morphological analysis reveals four generic synapomorphies associated with modification of the","PeriodicalId":15299,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biogeography","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146002221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Katharina Schweickl, Matthias Affenzeller, Flavia Domizia Nardi, Gerald Krenn, Gunter A. Fischer, Hans Peter Comes
<div> <section> <h3> Aim</h3> <p>The historical origins of biota in the Sunda Shelf region of Southeast Asia represent a long-standing contentious issue in evolutionary biology. However, there is still no general agreement on the key factors driving the region's high species diversity and endemism in both plants and animals. Here, we inferred the evolutionary history of a small-sized orchid radiation from the tropical rainforests (TRFs) of Sundaland and adjacent regions to explore the drivers of plant diversification in one of the world's biodiversity hotspots.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Location</h3> <p>Southeast Asia: Sundaland and adjacent regions.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Taxon</h3> <p><i>Bulbophyllum lobbii</i> Lindl. species complex (Orchidaceae).</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>We estimated a time-calibrated (nuclear/plastid) phylogeny of the <i>B. lobbii</i> complex (14 spp., 66 accessions) and performed model-based biogeographical and diversification rate analyses, as well as ecological niche modelling (ENM) for current and four past periods (including a Mid-Pleistocene Interglacial). Results were placed into the context of the region's palaeogeography.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>Lineage and species divergence in this Quaternary (≤ 2.40 Ma) orchid radiation predominantly occurred on the mainland-Asian/Sunda Shelf landmass or, to a lesser extent, in the Philippines, and mostly <i>before</i> the first inundation of Sundaland (<i>c</i>. 400 ka). The group's drastic decline in speciation rate after the ‘Mid-Pleistocene Transition’ (<i>c</i>. 1.0 Ma) likely reflects reduced opportunities for population isolation in <i>interglacial</i> mountain refugia due to intensified/lengthened glacial periods of range expansions. The latter, combined with long-term climatic stability in mountain habitats, likely buffered against extinction.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Main Conclusions</h3> <p>Our results highlight the importance of Quaternary climate-induced range dynamics as a key driver of temperature-dependent speciation in an orchid lineage from the Sundaland region and thus help to better understand the impact of palaeoclimatic change on the region's extraordinary biodiversity. In addition, they strongly support an <i>interglacial</i> refuge theory of TRF plant taxa in this region, indicating that their curren
{"title":"Temperature-Dependent Speciation in the Sundaland Region Driven by Interglacial Refugial Isolation in the Bulbophyllum lobbii Complex (Orchidaceae)","authors":"Katharina Schweickl, Matthias Affenzeller, Flavia Domizia Nardi, Gerald Krenn, Gunter A. Fischer, Hans Peter Comes","doi":"10.1111/jbi.70102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.70102","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The historical origins of biota in the Sunda Shelf region of Southeast Asia represent a long-standing contentious issue in evolutionary biology. However, there is still no general agreement on the key factors driving the region's high species diversity and endemism in both plants and animals. Here, we inferred the evolutionary history of a small-sized orchid radiation from the tropical rainforests (TRFs) of Sundaland and adjacent regions to explore the drivers of plant diversification in one of the world's biodiversity hotspots.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Southeast Asia: Sundaland and adjacent regions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Taxon</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Bulbophyllum lobbii</i> Lindl. species complex (Orchidaceae).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We estimated a time-calibrated (nuclear/plastid) phylogeny of the <i>B. lobbii</i> complex (14 spp., 66 accessions) and performed model-based biogeographical and diversification rate analyses, as well as ecological niche modelling (ENM) for current and four past periods (including a Mid-Pleistocene Interglacial). Results were placed into the context of the region's palaeogeography.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Lineage and species divergence in this Quaternary (≤ 2.40 Ma) orchid radiation predominantly occurred on the mainland-Asian/Sunda Shelf landmass or, to a lesser extent, in the Philippines, and mostly <i>before</i> the first inundation of Sundaland (<i>c</i>. 400 ka). The group's drastic decline in speciation rate after the ‘Mid-Pleistocene Transition’ (<i>c</i>. 1.0 Ma) likely reflects reduced opportunities for population isolation in <i>interglacial</i> mountain refugia due to intensified/lengthened glacial periods of range expansions. The latter, combined with long-term climatic stability in mountain habitats, likely buffered against extinction.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our results highlight the importance of Quaternary climate-induced range dynamics as a key driver of temperature-dependent speciation in an orchid lineage from the Sundaland region and thus help to better understand the impact of palaeoclimatic change on the region's extraordinary biodiversity. In addition, they strongly support an <i>interglacial</i> refuge theory of TRF plant taxa in this region, indicating that their curren","PeriodicalId":15299,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biogeography","volume":"52 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jbi.70102","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145845873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elucidating the complex factors underlying the current geographic patterns of biodiversity is a central goal in biogeography and phylogeography. Comparative phylogeographic studies of co-distributed species have often addressed this issue by attributing observed differences in population structures to differences in interpretable traits between species. However, this approach implicitly relies on the largely untested assumption that species sharing similar ecological, spatial, and phylogenetic contexts should exhibit similar population structures. In this study, we revisited this null assumption of comparative phylogeography by comparing the population structures of two sympatric sister species with high ecological similarity using high-throughput genomic data.
Location
Coastal regions of the Japanese archipelago.
Taxon
Two goby species of the genus Chaenogobius.
Methods
We obtained restriction-site associated DNA sequencing data and partial mitochondrial sequences for C. gulosus. These data were combined with published data for C. annularis to investigate the spatial and temporal differences and similarities in population structure and demography between the two species.
Results
Our analyses revealed a fine-scale population structure of C. gulosus, comprising four intraspecific lineages and multiple hybrid zones. The origin of the intraspecific lineages of C. gulosus was estimated to be four to five-fold younger than that of C. annularis, with a different number of intraspecific lineages. Conversely, the geographical distribution of some intraspecific lineages and hybridization zones was similar between species.
Main Conclusions
These findings demonstrate that the phylogeographic origin can differ even between sympatric sister species with high ecological similarity. Our results highlight the role of factors beyond easily predictable deterministic effects, such as subtle ecological differences or stochasticity in shaping geographical patterns of biodiversity.
{"title":"Discordant Phylogeographic Patterns in Ecologically Similar Sympatric Sister Species: Revisiting the Null Hypothesis of Comparative Phylogeography","authors":"Shuya Kato, Seiji Arakaki, Atsushi J. Nagano, Kiyoshi Kikuchi, Shotaro Hirase","doi":"10.1111/jbi.70112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.70112","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Elucidating the complex factors underlying the current geographic patterns of biodiversity is a central goal in biogeography and phylogeography. Comparative phylogeographic studies of co-distributed species have often addressed this issue by attributing observed differences in population structures to differences in interpretable traits between species. However, this approach implicitly relies on the largely untested assumption that species sharing similar ecological, spatial, and phylogenetic contexts should exhibit similar population structures. In this study, we revisited this null assumption of comparative phylogeography by comparing the population structures of two sympatric sister species with high ecological similarity using high-throughput genomic data.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Coastal regions of the Japanese archipelago.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Taxon</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Two goby species of the genus <i>Chaenogobius.</i></p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We obtained restriction-site associated DNA sequencing data and partial mitochondrial sequences for <i>C. gulosus</i>. These data were combined with published data for <i>C. annularis</i> to investigate the spatial and temporal differences and similarities in population structure and demography between the two species.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our analyses revealed a fine-scale population structure of <i>C. gulosus</i>, comprising four intraspecific lineages and multiple hybrid zones. The origin of the intraspecific lineages of <i>C. gulosus</i> was estimated to be four to five-fold younger than that of <i>C. annularis</i>, with a different number of intraspecific lineages. Conversely, the geographical distribution of some intraspecific lineages and hybridization zones was similar between species.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These findings demonstrate that the phylogeographic origin can differ even between sympatric sister species with high ecological similarity. Our results highlight the role of factors beyond easily predictable deterministic effects, such as subtle ecological differences or stochasticity in shaping geographical patterns of biodiversity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15299,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biogeography","volume":"52 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jbi.70112","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145848220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nigel A. Jackett, Richard Schodde, Nicholas P. Leseberg, Stephen A. Murphy, Leo Joseph, Boyd J. Wykes, Michael K. Todd, Charley Gros, Rohan J. Bilney, Paul Barden, Peter Knock, Craig Dunne, James E. M. Watson
Aim
To test whether vocal characteristics of little-known and ‘lost’ owl species can be inferred from environmentally driven morphological and vocal correlations, using the Australian Masked Owl (Tyto novaehollandiae) as a model system.
Location
Australasia.
Taxon
Australian Masked Owl (T. novaehollandiae superspecies, Tytonidae).
Methods
We fit linear models to examine the relationship between environmental variables (latitude, temperature, elevation) and wing length for 196 Australian Masked Owl specimens. We also examined the relationship between these environmental variables and acoustic characteristics (call duration and mean dominant frequency) from 700 calls recorded via passive acoustic monitoring. These datasets were then integrated to predict vocalisations for the Papuo-Moluccan taxa Tyto aurantia, Tyto manusi, Tyto sororcula and Tyto novaehollandiae calabyi.
Results
Wing length of Australian Masked Owls was greater in females than in males (R2 = 0.480, p < 0.001) and increased with cooler temperatures (R2 = 0.240, p < 0.001) and higher latitudes (R2 = 0.211, p < 0.001). Call duration decreased with decreasing latitude (R2 = 0.347, p = 0.013) and temperature (R2 = 0.347, p = 0.036). Mean dominant frequency increased at lower latitudes (R2 = 0.402, p < 0.001) and warmer temperatures (R2 = 0.391, p < 0.001) and decreased with elevation (R2 = 0.429, p = 0.032).
Main Conclusions
Environmental factors influencing morphology correlate with vocal traits, enabling predictions for species lacking reference calls. By correlating small datasets of data-deficient species with larger datasets from better-known relatives, our approach provides insights into the expected vocalisations of ‘lost’ Papuo-Moluccan masked owls, challenges taxonomic boundaries, and offers a broadly applicable framework for biogeographic and taxonomic inference.
目的以澳大利亚蒙面猫头鹰（Tyto novaehollandiae）为模型系统，测试鲜为人知和“消失”的猫头鹰物种的声音特征是否可以从环境驱动的形态和声音相关性中推断出来。位置 澳大拉西亚。分类群澳洲掩鸮（掩鸮科超种，掩鸮科）。方法采用线性模型分析了196个澳大利亚蒙面猫头鹰标本中环境变量（纬度、温度、海拔）与翅长之间的关系。我们还研究了通过被动声学监测记录的700次呼叫中这些环境变量与声学特征（呼叫持续时间和平均主导频率）之间的关系。然后将这些数据集整合起来，预测巴布亚-摩鹿加群岛分类群Tyto aurantia、Tyto manusi、Tyto sororcula和Tyto novaehollandiae calabyi的发声。结果雌鸟翅长大于雄鸟（R2 = 0.480, p < 0.001），且随着气温的降低（R2 = 0.240, p < 0.001）和纬度的升高（R2 = 0.211, p < 0.001），雌鸟翅长大于雄鸟翅长。通话时长随纬度（R2 = 0.347, p = 0.013）和温度（R2 = 0.347, p = 0.036）的降低而降低。平均优势频率在低纬度（R2 = 0.402, p < 0.001）和较高温度（R2 = 0.391, p < 0.001）随海拔升高而降低（R2 = 0.429, p = 0.032）。主要结论影响形态的环境因素与发声特征相关，有助于对缺乏参考鸣叫的物种进行预测。通过将数据缺失物种的小数据集与来自更知名的亲缘物种的大数据集相关联，我们的方法提供了对“消失的”巴布亚-摩鹿加蒙面猫头鹰的预期发声的见解，挑战了分类界限，并为生物地理和分类推断提供了广泛适用的框架。
{"title":"Uncovering the Calls of Data-Deficient Masked Owls Using Morphology and Environmental Gradients","authors":"Nigel A. Jackett, Richard Schodde, Nicholas P. Leseberg, Stephen A. Murphy, Leo Joseph, Boyd J. Wykes, Michael K. Todd, Charley Gros, Rohan J. Bilney, Paul Barden, Peter Knock, Craig Dunne, James E. M. Watson","doi":"10.1111/jbi.70110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.70110","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To test whether vocal characteristics of little-known and ‘lost’ owl species can be inferred from environmentally driven morphological and vocal correlations, using the Australian Masked Owl (<i>Tyto novaehollandiae</i>) as a model system.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Australasia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Taxon</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Australian Masked Owl (<i>T. novaehollandiae</i> superspecies, Tytonidae).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We fit linear models to examine the relationship between environmental variables (latitude, temperature, elevation) and wing length for 196 Australian Masked Owl specimens. We also examined the relationship between these environmental variables and acoustic characteristics (call duration and mean dominant frequency) from 700 calls recorded via passive acoustic monitoring. These datasets were then integrated to predict vocalisations for the Papuo-Moluccan taxa <i>Tyto aurantia</i>, <i>Tyto manusi</i>, <i>Tyto sororcula</i> and <i>Tyto novaehollandiae calabyi</i>.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Wing length of Australian Masked Owls was greater in females than in males (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.480, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and increased with cooler temperatures (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.240, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and higher latitudes (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.211, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Call duration decreased with decreasing latitude (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.347, <i>p</i> = 0.013) and temperature (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.347, <i>p</i> = 0.036). Mean dominant frequency increased at lower latitudes (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.402, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and warmer temperatures (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.391, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and decreased with elevation (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.429, <i>p</i> = 0.032).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Environmental factors influencing morphology correlate with vocal traits, enabling predictions for species lacking reference calls. By correlating small datasets of data-deficient species with larger datasets from better-known relatives, our approach provides insights into the expected vocalisations of ‘lost’ Papuo-Moluccan masked owls, challenges taxonomic boundaries, and offers a broadly applicable framework for biogeographic and taxonomic inference.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15299,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biogeography","volume":"52 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145848219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wendy C. Hernández-Mazariegos, Felipe I. Torres, Reilly Brennan, Luis E. Escobar, R. Eduardo Palma, Christian M. Ibáñez
Aim
Understanding how abiotic factors influence species diversity, evolution and functional patterns of species is crucial for biodiversity conservation and for the management of terrestrial protected areas. We evaluate biogeographic and phylogenetic metrics in rodents to understand biodiversity patterns and improve wildlife conservation strategies.
Location
Chile, South America.
Taxon
Rodents (Mammalia, Rodentia).
Methods
We updated the phylogeny of rodent species in Chile using gene sequences retrieved from GenBank. We used the phylogenetic tree to calculate different biodiversity indices. We analysed Species Richness (SR), observed and standard effect size (SES) of Phylogenetic Diversity (PD), Phylogenetic Endemism (PE), and Functional Diversity (FD) across different ecoregions, climatic regions, and terrestrial protected areas along gradients of temperature and precipitation.
Results
We found high rodent diversity in north and central-south Chile, and an association between phylogenetic and functional indices. Diversity indices (SR, SES.PD, SES.PE, SES.PE) were strongly associated with ecoregions, with the highest indices occurring in a high-altitude ecoregion (i.e., Puna), Polar climatic region, and unprotected areas.
Main Conclusions
Spatial congruence among diversity indices suggests that species composition and evolutionary history play a fundamental role in structuring rodent species assemblages. Areas with high diversity indices delineate regions with high species richness that experience higher species diversification (PD), leading to ecological specialisation (FD) and endemism (PE). The linkages between diversity indices and ecoregions suggest that environmental heterogeneity within ecoregions drives variation in community composition. Environmental variation may be more pronounced in harsh habitats (e.g., Atacama Desert), while weak in benign habitats (e.g., Puna). The spatial mismatch between biodiversity hotspots and protected areas suggests that key evolutionary and ecological processes could be occurring outside current protected areas, raising concerns about the effectiveness of biodiversity conservation strategies.
{"title":"Phylogenetic and Functional Biogeographic Approach for Rodent Conservation Across an Environmental Gradient in Chile","authors":"Wendy C. Hernández-Mazariegos, Felipe I. Torres, Reilly Brennan, Luis E. Escobar, R. Eduardo Palma, Christian M. Ibáñez","doi":"10.1111/jbi.70108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.70108","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Understanding how abiotic factors influence species diversity, evolution and functional patterns of species is crucial for biodiversity conservation and for the management of terrestrial protected areas. We evaluate biogeographic and phylogenetic metrics in rodents to understand biodiversity patterns and improve wildlife conservation strategies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Chile, South America.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Taxon</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Rodents (Mammalia, Rodentia).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We updated the phylogeny of rodent species in Chile using gene sequences retrieved from GenBank. We used the phylogenetic tree to calculate different biodiversity indices. We analysed Species Richness (SR), observed and standard effect size (SES) of Phylogenetic Diversity (PD), Phylogenetic Endemism (PE), and Functional Diversity (FD) across different ecoregions, climatic regions, and terrestrial protected areas along gradients of temperature and precipitation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We found high rodent diversity in north and central-south Chile, and an association between phylogenetic and functional indices. Diversity indices (SR, SES.PD, SES.PE, SES.PE) were strongly associated with ecoregions, with the highest indices occurring in a high-altitude ecoregion (i.e., Puna), Polar climatic region, and unprotected areas.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Spatial congruence among diversity indices suggests that species composition and evolutionary history play a fundamental role in structuring rodent species assemblages. Areas with high diversity indices delineate regions with high species richness that experience higher species diversification (PD), leading to ecological specialisation (FD) and endemism (PE). The linkages between diversity indices and ecoregions suggest that environmental heterogeneity within ecoregions drives variation in community composition. Environmental variation may be more pronounced in harsh habitats (e.g., Atacama Desert), while weak in benign habitats (e.g., Puna). The spatial mismatch between biodiversity hotspots and protected areas suggests that key evolutionary and ecological processes could be occurring outside current protected areas, raising concerns about the effectiveness of biodiversity conservation strategies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15299,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biogeography","volume":"52 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145848255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
David X. Soto, Christian C. Voigt, Andreas Wilting, Jörns Fickel
<div> <section> <h3> Aim</h3> <p>The islands of the Sunda Shelf in Southeast Asia represent a global biodiversity hotspot that is under severe threat from deforestation and agricultural expansion. Despite extensive knowledge of the geographic distribution and diversity of small carnivorous mammals coexisting in different habitats, information on how their feeding ecology relates to their persistence (or extinction risk) is lacking for most of them. Here we studied the past history of ecological functions of Southeast Asian carnivorous mammals in their natural ecosystems.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Location</h3> <p>Southeast Asia.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Time Period</h3> <p>Museum collection of specimens at a period between now and > 150 years ago.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3> <p>Small carnivorous mammals.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>We analysed stable carbon (<i>δ</i><sup>13</sup>C) and nitrogen (<i>δ</i><sup>15</sup>N) isotope ratios in hair samples from 452 museum specimens of 17 carnivore species, collected over historic times from the Sunda Shelf and mainland Southeast Asia. We estimated dietary niches by calculating isotopic niches for each species and biogeographic region.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>We established general dietary patterns and niche partitioning for 17 small carnivore mammal species from Southeast Asia, which suggests that these species are flexible with respect to their feeding strategies that occur in response to sympatry, environmental heterogeneity and resource competition. Our results revealed significant differences between Felidae and Viverridae in their respective δ<sup>15</sup>N and δ<sup>13</sup>C values, with lower values for both isotopes in the preferentially fruit-eating Viverridae. Remarkably, species listed as endangered by the IUCN Red List (e.g., flat-headed cat, <i>Prionailurus planiceps</i>, and otter civet, <i>Cynogale bennettii</i>) separated in their isotopic niches from those with more favourable conservation statuses, indicating vulnerable feeding strategies.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Main Conclusions</h3> <p>These findings indicate that endangered species from aquatic environments had a higher degree of niche specialisation
{"title":"Feeding Niches Under Threat: Unveiling Carnivore Dietary Patterns on the Sunda Shelf in Southeast Asia","authors":"David X. Soto, Christian C. Voigt, Andreas Wilting, Jörns Fickel","doi":"10.1111/jbi.70109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.70109","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The islands of the Sunda Shelf in Southeast Asia represent a global biodiversity hotspot that is under severe threat from deforestation and agricultural expansion. Despite extensive knowledge of the geographic distribution and diversity of small carnivorous mammals coexisting in different habitats, information on how their feeding ecology relates to their persistence (or extinction risk) is lacking for most of them. Here we studied the past history of ecological functions of Southeast Asian carnivorous mammals in their natural ecosystems.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Southeast Asia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Time Period</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Museum collection of specimens at a period between now and > 150 years ago.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Small carnivorous mammals.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We analysed stable carbon (<i>δ</i><sup>13</sup>C) and nitrogen (<i>δ</i><sup>15</sup>N) isotope ratios in hair samples from 452 museum specimens of 17 carnivore species, collected over historic times from the Sunda Shelf and mainland Southeast Asia. We estimated dietary niches by calculating isotopic niches for each species and biogeographic region.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We established general dietary patterns and niche partitioning for 17 small carnivore mammal species from Southeast Asia, which suggests that these species are flexible with respect to their feeding strategies that occur in response to sympatry, environmental heterogeneity and resource competition. Our results revealed significant differences between Felidae and Viverridae in their respective δ<sup>15</sup>N and δ<sup>13</sup>C values, with lower values for both isotopes in the preferentially fruit-eating Viverridae. Remarkably, species listed as endangered by the IUCN Red List (e.g., flat-headed cat, <i>Prionailurus planiceps</i>, and otter civet, <i>Cynogale bennettii</i>) separated in their isotopic niches from those with more favourable conservation statuses, indicating vulnerable feeding strategies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These findings indicate that endangered species from aquatic environments had a higher degree of niche specialisation ","PeriodicalId":15299,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biogeography","volume":"52 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jbi.70109","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145848254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Liliia Baikova, Elisa Nocella, Giordano Mancini, Andrea Di Giulio, Agustín Cerna Mendoza, Javier Ormeño Luna, Marilena Marconi, Moreno Di Marco, Carlos Daniel Vecco-Giove, Emiliano Mancini
Aim
Tetragonisca angustula, one of the most widespread stingless bees in the Neotropics, is commonly reared for meliponiculture. In this work we aimed to shed light on the genetic structuring of this species in Peru, define the ecological niches of the spatially distributed genetic groups, and relate the observed patterns to Miocene/Pleistocene events.
Location
Peru (Departments: Amazonas, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Cusco, Huánuco, Junín, Loreto, Pasco and San Martín).
We sampled 121 T. angustula specimens across Peru to obtain mtDNA (COI, Cytb) and (18 loci) microsatellite data. Genetic polymorphism analyses, coalescent inferences and niche modelling were conducted to reveal the genetic structure, migration patterns, and niche diversification among T. angustula Peruvian matrilineages.
Results
T. angustula was geographically structured in Peru, showing isolation-by-distance. We identified 3 (COI) matrilineages/haplogroups: the ancestral Hapl. II (also shared with Brazil) plausibly spread in the Amazon basin during the Middle/Late Miocene, whereas Hapl. I (the most widespread) and Hapl. III (the southernmost located) likely evolved in Peruvian Pleistocene Refugia. Microsatellites revealed that male dispersal favoured the introgression of nucDNA from Hapl. I to Hapl. II, owing to the specialisation of the former to more arid conditions. Similarly, Hapl. III isolated and adapted to a wider temperature range and landscape complexity.
Main Conclusions
Miocene/Pleistocene events shaped the genetic and ecological diversification of T. angustula in Peru, with range expansion operated by males belonging to the more recently and locally evolved matrilineages. We remark that the genetic and ecological distinctiveness of the so-revealed groups of T. angustula should be preserved in the future from the detrimental effects of possible human-induced population mixing or reduction due to meliponiculture and deforestation.
{"title":"Unveiling the Genetic Structure and Ecological Niche Diversification of the Stingless Bee Tetragonisca angustula (Meliponini) in Peruvian Amazon","authors":"Liliia Baikova, Elisa Nocella, Giordano Mancini, Andrea Di Giulio, Agustín Cerna Mendoza, Javier Ormeño Luna, Marilena Marconi, Moreno Di Marco, Carlos Daniel Vecco-Giove, Emiliano Mancini","doi":"10.1111/jbi.70107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.70107","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Tetragonisca angustula</i>, one of the most widespread stingless bees in the Neotropics, is commonly reared for meliponiculture. In this work we aimed to shed light on the genetic structuring of this species in Peru, define the ecological niches of the spatially distributed genetic groups, and relate the observed patterns to Miocene/Pleistocene events.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Peru (Departments: Amazonas, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Cusco, Huánuco, Junín, Loreto, Pasco and San Martín).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Taxon</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Tetragonisca angustula</i> (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We sampled 121 <i>T. angustula</i> specimens across Peru to obtain <i>mt</i>DNA (<i>COI</i>, <i>Cytb</i>) and (18 loci) microsatellite data. Genetic polymorphism analyses, coalescent inferences and niche modelling were conducted to reveal the genetic structure, migration patterns, and niche diversification among <i>T. angustula</i> Peruvian matrilineages.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>T. angustula</i> was geographically structured in Peru, showing isolation-by-distance. We identified 3 (<i>COI</i>) matrilineages/haplogroups: the ancestral Hapl. II (also shared with Brazil) plausibly spread in the Amazon basin during the Middle/Late Miocene, whereas Hapl. I (the most widespread) and Hapl. III (the southernmost located) likely evolved in Peruvian Pleistocene Refugia. Microsatellites revealed that male dispersal favoured the introgression of <i>nuc</i>DNA from Hapl. I to Hapl. II, owing to the specialisation of the former to more arid conditions. Similarly, Hapl. III isolated and adapted to a wider temperature range and landscape complexity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Miocene/Pleistocene events shaped the genetic and ecological diversification of <i>T. angustula</i> in Peru, with range expansion operated by males belonging to the more recently and locally evolved matrilineages. We remark that the genetic and ecological distinctiveness of the so-revealed groups of <i>T. angustula</i> should be preserved in the future from the detrimental effects of possible human-induced population mixing or reduction due to meliponiculture and deforestation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15299,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biogeography","volume":"52 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145845784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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