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Cover 封面
IF 3.4 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-18 DOI: 10.1111/jbi.14668

On the cover: Spix's Warbling-Antbird (Hypocnemis striata) is an understory forest bird, formerly considered part of a polytypic species complex, limited by major Amazonian rivers. Photo credit: Pablo Vieira Cerqueira.

封面斯皮克斯莺蚁鸟(Hypocnemis striata)是一种林下鸟类,以前被认为是多型物种群的一部分,受到亚马逊主要河流的限制。图片来源:Pablo Vieira Cerqueira。
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引用次数: 0
Cover 封面
IF 3.4 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1111/jbi.14665

On the cover: Golden Treefrog (Phytotriades auratus) near the summit of El Tucuche, Trinidad (Republic of Trinidad and Tobago), August 2022. Photo credit: Rick Lehtinen.

封面上:金色树蛙(Phytotriades auratus),2022 年 8 月,特立尼达岛(特立尼达和多巴哥共和国)埃尔图切山顶附近。图片来源:Rick Lehtinen。
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引用次数: 0
Species Distribution Models for Mesopelagic Mesozooplankton Community 中上层中浮游生物群落的物种分布模型
IF 3.9 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.1111/jbi.15011
Yulia Egorova, Gabriel Reygondeau, William W. L. Cheung, Evgeny A. Pakhomov
AimWe aimed to enhance our understanding of the distribution of mesopelagic mesozooplankton (MM) using species distribution models, assess the performance of various modelling techniques, identify key environmental predictors for MM distribution and compute their habitat suitability indices.LocationOur study focused on the mesopelagic zone globally, with data analysed from different oceans.TaxonOur focus was primarily on mesopelagic mesozooplankton, gathering data on 861 different species from the Mesopelagic Mesozooplankton and Micronekton (MMM) Database.MethodsWe used an ensemble of species distribution models, applying 10 different modelling algorithms and three multi‐model ensemble approaches. We explored two important factors that can affect model performance: subsampling and the choice of background points. We also estimated the relative importance of various environmental conditions such as mixed layer depth, temperature, salinity, net primary productivity, euphotic zone depth and dissolved nitrate concentration on the distribution of these species.ResultsEuphotic zone depth, salinity and dissolved nitrate concentration were identified as the most important variables for explaining the distribution of mesopelagic mesozooplankton. The ensemble modelling results were robust in areas with abundant observational records, but high uncertainty was observed in data‐limited regions. We found a patchy habitat suitability map for zooplankton when modelled within their native range, largely due to uneven sampling. Unrestricted range models yielded smoother patterns but could inaccurately project species in areas where they do not occur.Main ConclusionsOur study highlights the need for increased sampling effort in data‐limited regions to improve the accuracy of mesopelagic species distribution models. Despite some inaccuracies, unrestricted range models, assuming ecological equivalence (where different species occupying a similar ecological niche in different geographical regions or different ecosystems exhibit similar adaptations and behaviours), provide a reasonable comparison for habitat suitability maps and model performance. It also confirms the significant impact of certain environmental conditions on mesozooplankton distribution.
目的我们旨在利用物种分布模型加深对中深海中层浮游动物(MM)分布的了解,评估各种建模技术的性能,确定中深海中层浮游动物分布的关键环境预测因子,并计算其生境适宜性指数。分类群我们的研究重点主要是中下层中浮游生物,从中下层中浮游生物和微小浮游生物(MMM)数据库中收集了 861 个不同物种的数据。方法我们使用了物种分布模型组合,应用了 10 种不同的建模算法和 3 种多模型组合方法。我们探讨了影响模型性能的两个重要因素:子取样和背景点的选择。我们还估算了各种环境条件(如混合层深度、温度、盐度、净初级生产力、透光层深度和溶解硝酸盐浓度)对这些物种分布的相对重要性。在观测记录丰富的地区,集合建模结果是可靠的,但在数据有限的地区,不确定性很高。我们发现,在浮游动物的原生地范围内建立模型时,浮游动物的栖息地适宜性分布图很不均匀,这主要是由于取样不均造成的。主要结论:我们的研究突出表明,需要在数据有限的地区加大取样力度,以提高中上层物种分布模型的准确性。尽管存在一些不准确之处,但假设生态等同性(即在不同地理区域或不同生态系统中占据相似生态位的不同物种表现出相似的适应性和行为)的无限制分布区模型为栖息地适宜性地图和模型性能提供了合理的比较。这也证实了某些环境条件对中生浮游生物分布的重大影响。
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引用次数: 0
Cover 封面
IF 3.4 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.1111/jbi.14662

On the cover: The masked booby, Sula dactylatra, is a pantropical seabird that breeds on islands such as Trindade and Martin Vaz Archipelago in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean, with nests built directly on the exposed ground. Photo credit: Vitória Muraro.

封面蒙面鲣鸟(Sula dactylatra)是一种泛热带海鸟,在大西洋西南部的特林达德岛和马丁-瓦斯群岛等岛屿上繁殖,直接在裸露的地面上筑巢。图片来源:Vitória Muraro。
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引用次数: 0
The Range-Wide Genetic Structure of a High-Elevation Conifer Species, Subalpine Larch 高海拔针叶树种--亚高山落叶松的全域遗传结构
IF 3.4 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-15 DOI: 10.1111/jbi.15002
Marie Vance, Jean Richardson, Barbara Hawkins, Patrick von Aderkas

Aim

Subalpine larch is a long-lived conifer with a restricted distribution at treeline in the mountains of western North America. Climate change is reducing the availability of this habitat and subalpine larch is unlikely to adapt to its changing environment due to its long generation time, relatively low levels of standing genetic variation and the high degree of habitat fragmentation across the species' range. This study seeks to elucidate the genetic structure of subalpine larch to inform future conservation and management efforts.

Location

Western North America.

Taxon

Subalpine larch (Larix lyallii Parl.).

Methods

Tissue was collected from high-elevation populations across the entire species range. Restriction site associated DNA sequencing was used to generate single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data. Population genetic analyses identified genetic differentiation.

Results

Clustering analyses performed using 751 neutral SNPs identified three genetically differentiated regions: the Cascade Range, the southern Rocky Mountains and the northern Rocky Mountains. AMOVA confirmed significant genetic differentiation among regions. A discriminant analysis of principal components and a dendrogram of Provesti's genetic distance both supported the hypothesis that genetically distinct lineages arose after dispersal from a single Pleistocene refugium. Significant isolation by distance (IBD) supported the key role of dispersal in shaping modern patterns of genetic variation in subalpine larch.

Main Conclusions

Post-Pleistocene dispersal resulted in genetic differentiation among groups of subalpine larch in the Cascade Range, the southern Rocky Mountains and the northern Rocky Mountains. These three regions should be prioritised for future management.

目的亚高山落叶松是一种寿命较长的针叶树,在北美西部山区的高山上分布有限。气候变化正在减少这种栖息地的可用性,而亚高山落叶松不太可能适应不断变化的环境,因为它的世代时间较长,常存遗传变异水平相对较低,而且整个物种分布区的栖息地高度破碎化。本研究旨在阐明亚高山落叶松的遗传结构,为未来的保护和管理工作提供信息。方法从整个物种分布区的高海拔种群中采集组织。利用限制性位点相关 DNA 测序生成单核苷酸多态性 (SNP) 数据。结果利用 751 个中性 SNPs 进行聚类分析,确定了三个基因分化区域:喀斯特山脉、落基山脉南部和落基山脉北部。AMOVA证实了各地区之间存在明显的遗传差异。主成分的判别分析和 Provesti 遗传距离的树枝图都支持这样的假设,即遗传上不同的品系是从单一的更新世避难所扩散后产生的。显著的距离隔离(IBD)支持了扩散在塑造现代亚高山落叶松遗传变异模式中的关键作用。在未来的管理中应优先考虑这三个地区。
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引用次数: 0
Distance From Nest and Climate Explain Geographical Trends of Harvester Ant's Food Resource Use: A Multi‐Species Approach 离巢距离和气候解释了收割蚁食物资源利用的地理趋势:多物种方法
IF 3.9 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-15 DOI: 10.1111/jbi.15012
Diego Anjos, Pedro Luna, Kleber Del‐Claro, Rodrigo G. Pol, Javier Lopez de Casenave, Helena Maura Torezan‐Silingardi, Martha L. Baena, Florencia Baudino, Judie Bronstein, Melissa Burt, Eduardo Calixto, Ana Laura Cao, Flávio Siqueira de Castro, Blaine J. Cole, Luciana Elizalde, Federico Escobar, Rodrigo Machado Feitosa, Jaime Hernández Flores, Philip Hahn, Maria Eduarda Indalêncio, Brenda Juárez‐Juárez, Alex Karnish, Natalia Ladino, María Natalia Lescano, Frederico de Siqueira Neves, Daniela Ortiz, Gibran Pérez, José Pezzonia, Gabriela Pirk, Gabriela Porto, Carlos Ramírez, Julian Resasco, Adriana Aranda‐Rickert, Ian Robertson, Robin Verble, Lucía Vullo, Diane Wiernasz, Victoria Werenkraut, Roger Guevara, Wesley Dáttilo
MainAnimals not only forage for abundant and nearby resources, but their diets can also be influenced by abiotic and geographic factors. This often results in non‐random interactions among species. We investigate how seed density, distance from nest, abiotic (e.g., climate stability, temperature, precipitation) and geographic factors (e.g., latitude, elevation and continental hemisphere) influence the removal of food items (i.e., seeds and dead arthropods) by Pogonomyrmex species.LocationSouth and North America, from Patagonia to the Rocky Mountains.TaxonGenus Pogonomyrmex (Formicidae: Hymenoptera).MethodsConducting standardised experiments, we performed a seed removal experiment and an assessment of the items retrieved by ant workers of 160 nests from eight Pogonomyrmex spp. at 16 sites extending the American continent.ResultsPogonomyrmex ants native to North America removed more seeds than their South American counterpart. In general, results align with optimal foraging theory, indicating a higher probability of seed removal near ant nests. High climate stability correlated with lower seed predation rates, emphasising seed consumption's significance in historically arid environments. Increased precipitation and temperature led to reduced removal of food resources, suggesting reduced water availability and lower mean temperatures increases the consumption of seeds by harvester ants.ConclusionsOverall, Pogonomyrmex ants' food resource use is influenced by a combination of factors such as region, distance from the nest and climate. This study underscores harvester ants' potential impact on plant distribution over large spatial scales consuming seeds from the immediate proximity of their nest and preventing establishment.
主要动物不仅觅食附近丰富的资源,而且它们的饮食也会受到非生物因素和地理因素的影响。这往往会导致物种间的非随机互动。我们研究了种子密度、与巢穴的距离、非生物因素(如气候稳定性、温度、降水)和地理因素(如纬度、海拔和大陆半球)如何影响食物(如种子和节肢动物尸体)的清除、方法通过标准化实验,我们在美洲大陆的 16 个地点对 8 种 Pogonomyrmex 属的 160 个蚁巢进行了种子移除实验,并对蚁工所获取的食物进行了评估。结果原产于北美洲的 Pogonomyrmex 蚂蚁比南美洲的蚂蚁移除了更多的种子。总的来说,结果与最佳觅食理论一致,表明蚂蚁在蚁巢附近清除种子的概率较高。气候的高度稳定性与较低的种子捕食率相关,强调了种子消耗在历史上干旱环境中的重要性。降水量和温度的增加导致食物资源的清除率降低,这表明水供应的减少和平均气温的降低增加了收割蚁对种子的消耗。这项研究强调了收割蚁在大空间范围内对植物分布的潜在影响,它们消耗巢穴附近的种子并阻止植物的建立。
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引用次数: 0
The Composition and Diversity of Soil Microbial Communities Associated With the Invasive Plant Solidago canadensis Vary Across Locations and Time Since Invasion 与入侵植物实心草相关的土壤微生物群落的组成和多样性在不同地点和入侵以来的不同时间均有差异
IF 3.4 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-15 DOI: 10.1111/jbi.15009
Ayub M. O. Oduor, Yongge Yuan, Jun-Min Li

Aim

Previous local-scale research (within plots or landscapes) has shown that invasive plants can alter the composition and diversity of soil microbial communities, with potential feedback effects on their own invasion success. However, the broader ecological patterns of these interactions across different invasion timescales and geographic regions remain poorly understood. This study investigated whether the composition and diversity of soil microbial communities associated with Solidago canadensis (Canada goldenrod) invasion vary across both population residence times and geographic locations.

Location

South-eastern China.

Taxon

Soil fungal and bacterial communities and S. canadensis.

Methods

We collected rhizospheric soil of S. canadensis, nonrhizospheric soil and adjacent uninvaded soil from each of 36 populations of S. canadensis with varying residence times (8–89 years), totalling 108 samples. We extracted DNA from these samples and sequenced the V3–V4 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene and the ITS2 region of the fungal rDNA. We analysed the DNA sequences to assess whether variation in α-diversity, β-diversity, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) richness and the ratio of AMF to plant pathogens in the soil microbial communities varied with S. canadensis population residence time, latitude and longitude.

Results

The α-diversity and β-diversity of soil fungal and bacterial communities significantly varied with S. canadensis residence times, latitude and longitude. In locations where S. canadensis had been established for longer periods, there was an increase in AMF richness and a decrease in plant pathogens in the rhizospheric soil. Fungal diversity in rhizospheric soils was positively correlated with longitude, while bacterial diversity in rhizospheric and nonrhizospheric soils was positively correlated with both latitude and longitude.

Main Conclusions

These findings indicate that the time since invasion and geographical location can both significantly influence the composition and diversity of soil microbial communities associated with invasive plant species.

目的以前的局部尺度研究(在地块或景观内)表明,入侵植物可以改变土壤微生物群落的组成和多样性,并对其自身的入侵成功产生潜在的反馈作用。然而,人们对这些相互作用在不同入侵时间尺度和地理区域内的广泛生态模式仍然知之甚少。本研究调查了与加拿大金线莲(Solidago canadensis)入侵相关的土壤微生物群落的组成和多样性是否会因种群居住时间和地理位置的不同而变化。方法我们从36个不同居住时间(8-89年)的加拿大金线莲(Solidago canadensis)种群中收集了加拿大金线莲(Solidago canadensis)的根瘤土壤、非根瘤土壤和邻近未受入侵土壤,共计108个样本。我们从这些样本中提取了 DNA,并对细菌 16S rRNA 基因的 V3-V4 区域和真菌 rDNA 的 ITS2 区域进行了测序。我们分析了 DNA 序列,以评估土壤微生物群落中的α多样性、β多样性、丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)的丰富度以及 AMF 与植物病原体的比例是否随 S. canadensis 的种群居住时间、纬度和经度而变化。在S. canadensis种植时间较长的地方,根瘤土壤中的AMF丰富度增加,植物病原体减少。根瘤土壤中真菌的多样性与经度呈正相关,而根瘤土壤和非根瘤土壤中细菌的多样性与纬度和经度均呈正相关。
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引用次数: 0
Reshuffling of Azorean Coastal Marine Biodiversity Amid Climate Change 在气候变化中重新调整亚速尔群岛沿海海洋生物多样性
IF 3.4 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI: 10.1111/jbi.15008
Juan David González-Trujillo, Babak Naimi, Jorge Assis, Miguel B. Araújo

Aim

Climate change poses a challenge to the Azores' biodiversity, with consequences that remain unexplored. To shed light on the potential impacts of climate change, we have developed a large ensemble of species distribution models (SDMs) for species found in the coastal marine environments and examined their spatiotemporal turnover and stability.

Location

The Azorean archipelago.

Taxon

Coastal marine species (mammals, fish, turtles, seabirds, kelp forest and corals).

Methods

SDMs were fitted a large ensemble comprising 10 machine learning algorithms and a fivefold cross-validation resampling procedure, thus yielding a maximum number of 50 models fitted per species. These models were then utilised for projecting species distribution under different future scenarios. The projected distributions of the species were employed to assess changes in the stability of their ranges throughout the entire modelled period (2030–2100) and in their community compositions by examining changes in alpha diversity and beta diversity over 10-year periods.

Results

We show that under our model assumptions over 12% of the modelled units could lose suitable climate by the end of the century, with this number increasing up to 25% under a high carbon emissions scenario. Climate change refugia, which are areas of long-term species range stability, are expected to be mainly located in the coastal areas in the northernmost part of the archipelago. A substantial loss of suitable climate is anticipated for mammals and birds, which is likely to trigger a major loss of species on the islands of Santa Maria, São Miguel, Pico and Faial. For fish, the loss of suitable climates is less pronounced. However, climate change is expected to cause a major reshuffling of the pelagic fish assemblage, with important consequences for local fisheries on each island.

Main Conclusions

Our models provide insights into how climate change may alter the distribution of Azorean marine coastal species, offering important guidance for conservation and management efforts in these important North Atlantic ecosystems.

目的气候变化给亚速尔群岛的生物多样性带来了挑战,其后果仍有待探索。为了揭示气候变化的潜在影响,我们为沿海海洋环境中的物种开发了大量物种分布模型(SDMs),并研究了它们的时空转换和稳定性。亚速尔群岛分类群沿海海洋物种(哺乳动物、鱼类、海龟、海鸟、海藻林和珊瑚)。方法通过 10 种机器学习算法和 5 倍交叉验证重采样程序对 SDMs 进行大集合拟合,每个物种最多可拟合 50 个模型。然后利用这些模型预测不同未来情景下的物种分布。根据预测的物种分布情况,我们评估了在整个建模期间(2030-2100 年)物种分布范围稳定性的变化,并通过考察 10 年内阿尔法多样性和贝塔多样性的变化,评估了物种群落组成的变化。结果我们发现,根据我们的模型假设,到本世纪末,超过 12% 的建模单元可能会失去适宜的气候,而在高碳排放情景下,这一数字会增加到 25%。气候变化避难所是物种分布长期稳定的区域,预计主要位于群岛最北部的沿海地区。预计哺乳动物和鸟类的适宜气候将大量丧失,这可能会导致圣玛丽亚、圣米格尔、皮科和法伊亚尔等岛屿上的物种大量减少。对于鱼类来说,适宜气候的丧失不太明显。主要结论:我们的模型为气候变化如何改变亚速尔群岛海洋沿岸物种的分布提供了见解,为这些重要的北大西洋生态系统的保护和管理工作提供了重要指导。
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引用次数: 0
A Revision to the Distribution of Plumage Polymorphism in the Red-Tailed Hawk (Buteo jamaicensis) 红尾鹰(Buteo jamaicensis)羽毛多态性分布的修正
IF 3.4 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.1111/jbi.15010
Bryce W. Robinson, Nicole M. Richardson, Nick A. Alioto, Frank J. Nicoletti, Alexandra M. Pesano, Mei T. Rao, Brian L. Sullivan

Aim

The high proportion of plumage polymorphism in raptor species presents exciting research potential. Unfortunately, fundamental knowledge gaps remain that limit our ability to fully understand the development and role of plumage polymorphism in this group and extend those insights to vertebrates as a whole. We report data that fills one such knowledge gap in the red-tailed hawk (Buteo jamaicensis) that will enable investigations to uncover factors that influence the biogeography of plumage polymorphism in the species and raptors more generally.

Location

North America.

Taxon

Buteo jamaicensis (red-tailed hawk).

Methods

We captured and outfitted four dark and 22 light morphs with GPS/GSM satellite transmitters during the non-breeding season in the Great Lakes region of North America to assess their breeding provenance and behaviours. We calculated 95% AKDE nesting home ranges during an 80-day period meant to capture the incubation and brood-rearing periods and compared home ranges by age and sex to contextualise movements.

Results

Our results indicate that dark types nest in eastern Canada and belong to the same breeding population as the light individuals tagged in our study, extending the known distribution of plumage polymorphism in the species approximately 1500 km eastward into eastern Canada.

Main Conclusions

This revised distribution of plumage polymorphism is a critical first step for understanding the biogeography of plumage polymorphism and assessing drivers of within-population trait diversity in this species, and predatory vertebrates more generally.

目的猛禽物种的羽色多态性比例很高,具有令人兴奋的研究潜力。遗憾的是,基本的知识缺口仍然存在,这限制了我们全面了解该物种羽色多态性的发展和作用,以及将这些见解推广到整个脊椎动物的能力。我们报告的数据填补了红尾鹰(Buteo jamaicensis)的这一知识空白,这将有助于研究揭示影响该物种以及更普遍的猛禽羽色多态性生物地理学的因素。方法 我们在北美五大湖区的非繁殖季节捕获了4只深色形态和22只浅色形态的红尾鹰,并为它们安装了GPS/GSM卫星发射器,以评估它们的繁殖来源和行为。我们计算了80天内95% AKDE的筑巢范围,以捕捉孵化和育雏期,并比较了不同年龄和性别的筑巢范围,以确定其运动背景。结果我们的结果表明,深色类型在加拿大东部筑巢,与我们研究中标记的浅色个体属于同一繁殖种群,将已知的该物种羽色多态性分布向东扩展了约1500公里,进入加拿大东部。主要结论修订羽色多态性的分布是了解羽色多态性生物地理学和评估该物种以及更普遍的食肉脊椎动物种群内性状多样性驱动因素的关键性第一步。
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引用次数: 0
Taxonomic, Functional and Phylogenetic Beta Diversity of Upland Forest Birds in the Amazon: The Relative Importance of Biogeographic Regions, Climate and Geographic Distance 亚马逊高地森林鸟类的分类、功能和系统发育 Beta 多样性:生物地理区域、气候和地理距离的相对重要性
IF 3.4 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.1111/jbi.15006
Sara Miranda Almeida, Cristian Dambros, Leandro da Silva Duarte, Pablo Cerqueira, Leandro Juen, Marcos Pérsio Dantas Santos
<div> <section> <h3> Aim</h3> <p>We address the relative importance of biogeographic regions (areas of endemism), regional climate and spatial factors on taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic beta diversity of bird assemblages in upland <i>terra-firme</i> forests in the Amazon.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Location</h3> <p>Amazon biome.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Taxon</h3> <p>Birds.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>We gathered 27,498 occurrence records of 873 bird species for 115 bird assemblages distributed in all nine biogeographic regions delimited by the major Amazonian rivers. Only data from studies surveying whole communities with standard sampling methods and exhaustive sampling effort were included. We partitioned the fractions of taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic beta diversity explained by climate, biogeographic regions, spatial factors and the variation shared between them.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>Across the entire Amazon, we found higher total taxonomic (0.68 ± 0.10) than phylogenetic (0.46 ± 0.08) β-diversity, and low functional β-diversity (0.34 ± 0.08). Biogeographic regions showed the highest unique contributions explaining taxonomic and phylogenetic β-total (7% and 5%, respectively) and turnover components (7% of β-jtu taxonomic, 7% of β-jtu phylogenetic), but accounted for only 2% of total functional β-diversity and trait turnover. Climatic variables explained slightly more trait nestedness (5%) compared with species and lineage turnover (3% each). Species composition was clearly distinct between biogeographical regions limited by the Amazon River, but support for the effect of other rivers was mixed.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Main Conclusions</h3> <p>Our study highlights the significant influence of biogeographic regions and climate on species composition in the Amazon. However, our findings also suggest that the Amazon River exerts a more pronounced impact on species distribution compared with other major Amazonian rivers. Species turnover across biogeographical regions is particularly evident at the species level, with minor effects observed in functional traits, suggesting that taxonomic turnover is driven mainly by functionally redundant species. In addition, recent diversification events, occurring predominantly at the tips of the phylogeny without substantial turnover at deeper nodes, are likely responsible for the patchy distribution of species across Amazonia.</p> </section>
目的我们研究了生物地理区域(特有地区)、区域气候和空间因素对亚马逊高地杉木林中鸟类群落的分类、功能和系统发育β多样性的相对重要性。方法我们收集了分布在亚马逊主要河流所划定的所有九个生物地理区域的 115 个鸟类群落中 873 种鸟类的 27498 条出现记录。只有采用标准取样方法和详尽取样工作对整个群落进行调查的研究数据才被包括在内。我们对由气候、生物地理区域、空间因素以及它们之间的共同变化所解释的分类学、功能和系统发育β多样性的比例进行了划分。生物地理区域在解释分类学和系统发生学的 β 总量(分别为 7% 和 5%)和周转率成分(β-jtu 分类学的 7%,β-jtu 系统发生学的 7%)方面的独特贡献最大,但只占功能 β 多样性和性状周转率总量的 2%。气候变量对性状嵌套性的解释(5%)略高于物种和种系更替(各占 3%)。物种组成在受亚马逊河限制的生物地理区域之间明显不同,但对其他河流影响的支持则参差不齐。然而,我们的研究结果还表明,与亚马逊河的其他主要河流相比,亚马逊河对物种分布的影响更为明显。跨生物地理区域的物种更替在物种水平上尤为明显,功能特征的影响较小,这表明分类更替主要是由功能冗余物种驱动的。此外,最近的物种多样化事件主要发生在系统发育的顶端,而没有在更深的节点发生实质性的更替,这可能是亚马逊河流域物种分布不均的原因。
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Journal of Biogeography
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