Hong Qian, Shenhua Qian, Jian Wang, Michael Kessler
Aim
Investigating phylogenetic beta diversity, and its turnover and nestedness components, can shed light on the evolutionary causes shaping the similarity (or dissimilarity) in composition between biological assemblages. Liverworts are important constituents of most terrestrial ecosystems worldwide but studies on phylogenetic beta diversity in liverworts are scarce. Here, we explore geographic patterns of phylogenetic beta diversity and its two components in liverworts across the world and evaluate the relative importance of dispersal limitation and environmental filtering processes in shaping beta diversity patterns at different spatial extents by relating phylogenetic beta diversity or phylogenetic turnover to geographic and climatic distances.
Location
Global.
Taxon
Liverworts.
Methods
We conducted correlation and regression analyses to relate phylogenetic beta diversity and its two components (turnover and nestedness) to six variables representing current climate conditions and two variables representing historical (Quaternary) climate change, and to geographic and climatic distances at different spatial extents (global, continental, and regional).
Results
We found that of the eight variables of current and historical climates considered, precipitation seasonality was the strongest determinant of phylogenetic beta diversity in liverworts. At the global extent, geographic and climatic distances explained similar amounts of the variation in phylogenetic turnover, whereas at the continental extent, climatic distance explained more variation than geographic distance in five of the seven continents, and at a regional extent (roughly a circle of 4000 km in diameter), geographic distances generally had a greater effect than climatic distance on phylogenetic turnover.
Main Conclusions
We conclude that both dispersal limitation and environmental filtering played an important role in shaping phylogenetic structure of liverwort floras, but their relative importance varies at different spatial scales and among geographic regions.
{"title":"Global patterns and determinants of phylogenetic beta diversity among liverwort floras","authors":"Hong Qian, Shenhua Qian, Jian Wang, Michael Kessler","doi":"10.1111/jbi.14992","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jbi.14992","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Investigating phylogenetic beta diversity, and its turnover and nestedness components, can shed light on the evolutionary causes shaping the similarity (or dissimilarity) in composition between biological assemblages. Liverworts are important constituents of most terrestrial ecosystems worldwide but studies on phylogenetic beta diversity in liverworts are scarce. Here, we explore geographic patterns of phylogenetic beta diversity and its two components in liverworts across the world and evaluate the relative importance of dispersal limitation and environmental filtering processes in shaping beta diversity patterns at different spatial extents by relating phylogenetic beta diversity or phylogenetic turnover to geographic and climatic distances.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Global.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Taxon</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Liverworts.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted correlation and regression analyses to relate phylogenetic beta diversity and its two components (turnover and nestedness) to six variables representing current climate conditions and two variables representing historical (Quaternary) climate change, and to geographic and climatic distances at different spatial extents (global, continental, and regional).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We found that of the eight variables of current and historical climates considered, precipitation seasonality was the strongest determinant of phylogenetic beta diversity in liverworts. At the global extent, geographic and climatic distances explained similar amounts of the variation in phylogenetic turnover, whereas at the continental extent, climatic distance explained more variation than geographic distance in five of the seven continents, and at a regional extent (roughly a circle of 4000 km in diameter), geographic distances generally had a greater effect than climatic distance on phylogenetic turnover.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conclude that both dispersal limitation and environmental filtering played an important role in shaping phylogenetic structure of liverwort floras, but their relative importance varies at different spatial scales and among geographic regions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15299,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biogeography","volume":"51 12","pages":"2383-2394"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142178083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Defining plant development timing through seasonal growth and dormancy phases is a valuable proxy for studying climate change and serves as an annual bioindicator. However, current methods for determining the growing season vary due to species-specific interpretations and differing understandings of its main drivers. Körner et al. (2023) introduced four non-interchangeable definitions of growing seasons to clarify this complex issue. While some studies have paired different methods, none have simultaneously applied a full set of methods at the individual tree or species level. Here, I aim to present a new perspective to understanding growing season timing by focusing on all facets of above-ground tree growth and measurable biological and phenological markers. This approach calls for simultaneous, continuous monitoring during active and dormancy periods on the same trees and across different species at a large spatial scale. The goal is to comprehensively understand each method's errors, temporal lags, and the factors determining each growing season, as defined by Körner et al. (2023, Ecology Letters, 26, 1277). Accurate estimation of growing season timing can reshape our understanding of its environmental drivers, improve terrestrial ecosystem models, assess the impact of climate change on tree growth, determine the biological zero for various species, verify remote sensing indices and forecast species distribution.
{"title":"A new perspective on tree growing season determination","authors":"Alma Piermattei","doi":"10.1111/jbi.14993","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jbi.14993","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Defining plant development timing through seasonal growth and dormancy phases is a valuable proxy for studying climate change and serves as an annual bioindicator. However, current methods for determining the growing season vary due to species-specific interpretations and differing understandings of its main drivers. Körner et al. (2023) introduced four <i>non-interchangeable</i> definitions of growing seasons to clarify this complex issue. While some studies have paired different methods, none have simultaneously applied a full set of methods at the individual tree or species level. Here, I aim to present a new perspective to understanding growing season timing by focusing on all facets of above-ground tree growth and measurable biological and phenological markers. This approach calls for simultaneous, continuous monitoring during active and dormancy periods on the same trees and across different species at a large spatial scale. The goal is to comprehensively understand each method's errors, temporal lags, and the factors determining each growing season, as defined by Körner et al. (2023, Ecology Letters, 26, 1277). Accurate estimation of growing season timing can reshape our understanding of its environmental drivers, improve terrestrial ecosystem models, assess the impact of climate change on tree growth, determine the biological zero for various species, verify remote sensing indices and forecast species distribution.</p>","PeriodicalId":15299,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biogeography","volume":"51 12","pages":"2334-2337"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jbi.14993","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142178082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Primary forests provide critical habitat and diverse ecological niches for bird species, which are being seriously threatened by massive anthropogenic activities in the Anthropocene. Conversion from primary forests to secondary forests and plantation forests results in biodiversity loss, reducing ecosystem functioning and services. However, few studies have evaluated bird diversity patterns in different forest types caused by anthropogenic activities at both pantropics and regional scales, especially from taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional perspective simultaneously, as well as from the perspective of both alpha and beta diversity.
Location
Pantropics.
Methods
We analysed patterns of bird diversity in primary forests, secondary forests and plantation forests at pantropics and regional scales. Number of threatened species, rare species, and generalist species in the three forest types were summarized. Taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity, as well as phylogenetic and functional structure of bird communities among the three forest types, were evaluated through multiple comparisons. Beta diversity of bird communities in the three forest types was also calculated and decomposed into turnover and nestedness-resultant components, and correlations between environmental factors and beta diversity were examined.
Results
The results showed that primary forests harboured more threatened species, more large species and specialist species than secondary forests and plantation forests. In addition, plantation forests had lower phylogenetic alpha diversity but higher functional alpha diversity, and had more clustered phylogenetic structure but more over-dispersed functional structure. Notably, taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional beta diversity of bird communities was significantly higher in primary forests than in plantation forests, and turnover components showed similar patterns and accounted for major parts of overall beta diversity.
Main Conclusions
These findings suggest that primary forests play an important role in protecting bird taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity, and emphasize that future conservation efforts should focus on the strict protection of primary forests.
{"title":"Primary forests harbour more bird taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity than secondary and plantation forests in the pantropics","authors":"Zhuoen Liu, Yiming Zuo, Gang Feng","doi":"10.1111/jbi.14995","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jbi.14995","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Primary forests provide critical habitat and diverse ecological niches for bird species, which are being seriously threatened by massive anthropogenic activities in the Anthropocene. Conversion from primary forests to secondary forests and plantation forests results in biodiversity loss, reducing ecosystem functioning and services. However, few studies have evaluated bird diversity patterns in different forest types caused by anthropogenic activities at both pantropics and regional scales, especially from taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional perspective simultaneously, as well as from the perspective of both alpha and beta diversity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Pantropics.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We analysed patterns of bird diversity in primary forests, secondary forests and plantation forests at pantropics and regional scales. Number of threatened species, rare species, and generalist species in the three forest types were summarized. Taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity, as well as phylogenetic and functional structure of bird communities among the three forest types, were evaluated through multiple comparisons. Beta diversity of bird communities in the three forest types was also calculated and decomposed into turnover and nestedness-resultant components, and correlations between environmental factors and beta diversity were examined.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results showed that primary forests harboured more threatened species, more large species and specialist species than secondary forests and plantation forests. In addition, plantation forests had lower phylogenetic alpha diversity but higher functional alpha diversity, and had more clustered phylogenetic structure but more over-dispersed functional structure. Notably, taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional beta diversity of bird communities was significantly higher in primary forests than in plantation forests, and turnover components showed similar patterns and accounted for major parts of overall beta diversity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These findings suggest that primary forests play an important role in protecting bird taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity, and emphasize that future conservation efforts should focus on the strict protection of primary forests.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15299,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biogeography","volume":"51 12","pages":"2338-2355"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142178230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hans Linssen, E. Emiel van Loon, Judy Z. Shamoun-Baranes, Lisa Vergin, Jutta Leyrer, Bart A. Nolet
<div> <section> <h3> Aim</h3> <p>Large-scale space use and geographical ranges of animal populations are central topics in ecology. Whereas they are traditionally often based on citizen science or professional sightings of (marked) animals, recent technological developments have presented GPS tracking as an alternative method for inferring space use at the population level. Tracking devices are however much more expensive than traditional marks, rings or collars, leading to datasets that typically consist of much fewer individuals. We study how GPS tracking data and citizen science resighting data of marked individuals compare as alternative sources for inferring range size.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Location</h3> <p>Northwestern Europe.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Taxon</h3> <p>Bewick's swan (<i>Cygnus columbianus bewickii</i>).</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>We calculated Bewick's swan range sizes from a wealth of GPS tracking and resighting data during winter, the period of the year when both data types are abundant. We examined the effect of the number of individuals and the total number of spatial records (either resightings or GPS fixes) on the inferred range size. Moreover, we combined GPS tracks with resightings of the same individuals to empirically determine spatial variation in resighting rates.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>Tracked individuals generated records across an area 1.5–2 times larger than individuals that were merely resighted. Moreover, any given number of daily GPS records (rather than GPS-tracked individuals) yielded an area 1.5 times larger than that same number of resighting records. A small number of GPS-tracked individuals (~20) was sufficient to yield a larger range size compared to much higher numbers of resighted individuals (well over 400). Spatial variation in resighting rates corresponded well with the differences in range size from the two data types, indicating that spatial gaps in observer effort can hamper range estimations.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Main Conclusions</h3> <p>When combined with resighting data, tracking data can be used to indicate areas of low observer effort. Although citizen science resightings are essential for collecting various types of biological information, we show that GPS tracking presents a highly efficient alternative to traditional marking
{"title":"Tracking data as an alternative to resighting data for inferring population ranges","authors":"Hans Linssen, E. Emiel van Loon, Judy Z. Shamoun-Baranes, Lisa Vergin, Jutta Leyrer, Bart A. Nolet","doi":"10.1111/jbi.14996","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jbi.14996","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Large-scale space use and geographical ranges of animal populations are central topics in ecology. Whereas they are traditionally often based on citizen science or professional sightings of (marked) animals, recent technological developments have presented GPS tracking as an alternative method for inferring space use at the population level. Tracking devices are however much more expensive than traditional marks, rings or collars, leading to datasets that typically consist of much fewer individuals. We study how GPS tracking data and citizen science resighting data of marked individuals compare as alternative sources for inferring range size.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Northwestern Europe.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Taxon</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Bewick's swan (<i>Cygnus columbianus bewickii</i>).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We calculated Bewick's swan range sizes from a wealth of GPS tracking and resighting data during winter, the period of the year when both data types are abundant. We examined the effect of the number of individuals and the total number of spatial records (either resightings or GPS fixes) on the inferred range size. Moreover, we combined GPS tracks with resightings of the same individuals to empirically determine spatial variation in resighting rates.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Tracked individuals generated records across an area 1.5–2 times larger than individuals that were merely resighted. Moreover, any given number of daily GPS records (rather than GPS-tracked individuals) yielded an area 1.5 times larger than that same number of resighting records. A small number of GPS-tracked individuals (~20) was sufficient to yield a larger range size compared to much higher numbers of resighted individuals (well over 400). Spatial variation in resighting rates corresponded well with the differences in range size from the two data types, indicating that spatial gaps in observer effort can hamper range estimations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>When combined with resighting data, tracking data can be used to indicate areas of low observer effort. Although citizen science resightings are essential for collecting various types of biological information, we show that GPS tracking presents a highly efficient alternative to traditional marking","PeriodicalId":15299,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biogeography","volume":"51 12","pages":"2356-2368"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jbi.14996","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142178231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
David Åhlén, Jerker Jarsjö, Mats Jonsell, Björn K. Klatt, Lea D. Schneider, John Strand, Peter A. Hambäck
<div> <section> <h3> Aim</h3> <p>Aquatic-terrestrial transition zones contain features essential for many species that often benefit wetland biodiversity. Shallow flood-zone areas and reed beds are indicative of natural wetland habitats; however, how such features affect the native arthropod biodiversity in constructed wetlands is scarcely investigated. We asked how these shoreline features, as well as wetland shoreline properties and grazing management, influence riparian arthropod diversities and habitat specializations.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Location</h3> <p>Constructed wetlands, Sweden.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Taxa</h3> <p>Araneae, Coleoptera, Diptera.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>Taxonomic-, phylogenetic- and trait diversities, along with habitat specialist species richness, were measured in riparian spiders, beetles and selected Diptera in 68 constructed wetlands in two regions of Sweden. We ran structural equation models to estimate direct and indirect effects from shoreline slope, flooded grassland, reed areas and grazing management on group diversities, and used multivariate models to determine drivers on habitat specialist species richness.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>Flooded grassland and reed area, along with shoreline slope influenced arthropod diversities, and responses differed between arthropod groups and diversity metrics. Spider trait diversity was greater in wetlands with larger flooded grassland areas, whilst beetle trait diversity was reduced. Spider phylogenetic diversity was greater in wetlands containing larger reed areas and in wetlands with steeper shorelines. However, species richness in predatory flies was greater in wetlands with more gentle shorelines. Grazing management had limited effects on arthropod diversities; however, species richness in wetland specialist and generalist predatory dipterans was greater in the absence of grazers in wetlands with greater flooded grassland areas.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Main Conclusions</h3> <p>As requirements vary considerably among arthropods, care must be taken when constructing and managing wetlands to benefit arthropod biodiversity. The present results suggest wetlands with a varied shoreline, albeit with greater proportions of flood areas, or multiple adjacent wetlands with varying shores in a wet landscape and a mild gra
{"title":"Arthropod diversity in constructed wetlands is affected strongly by shoreline properties but only weakly by grazing","authors":"David Åhlén, Jerker Jarsjö, Mats Jonsell, Björn K. Klatt, Lea D. Schneider, John Strand, Peter A. Hambäck","doi":"10.1111/jbi.14997","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jbi.14997","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Aquatic-terrestrial transition zones contain features essential for many species that often benefit wetland biodiversity. Shallow flood-zone areas and reed beds are indicative of natural wetland habitats; however, how such features affect the native arthropod biodiversity in constructed wetlands is scarcely investigated. We asked how these shoreline features, as well as wetland shoreline properties and grazing management, influence riparian arthropod diversities and habitat specializations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Constructed wetlands, Sweden.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Taxa</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Araneae, Coleoptera, Diptera.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Taxonomic-, phylogenetic- and trait diversities, along with habitat specialist species richness, were measured in riparian spiders, beetles and selected Diptera in 68 constructed wetlands in two regions of Sweden. We ran structural equation models to estimate direct and indirect effects from shoreline slope, flooded grassland, reed areas and grazing management on group diversities, and used multivariate models to determine drivers on habitat specialist species richness.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Flooded grassland and reed area, along with shoreline slope influenced arthropod diversities, and responses differed between arthropod groups and diversity metrics. Spider trait diversity was greater in wetlands with larger flooded grassland areas, whilst beetle trait diversity was reduced. Spider phylogenetic diversity was greater in wetlands containing larger reed areas and in wetlands with steeper shorelines. However, species richness in predatory flies was greater in wetlands with more gentle shorelines. Grazing management had limited effects on arthropod diversities; however, species richness in wetland specialist and generalist predatory dipterans was greater in the absence of grazers in wetlands with greater flooded grassland areas.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>As requirements vary considerably among arthropods, care must be taken when constructing and managing wetlands to benefit arthropod biodiversity. The present results suggest wetlands with a varied shoreline, albeit with greater proportions of flood areas, or multiple adjacent wetlands with varying shores in a wet landscape and a mild gra","PeriodicalId":15299,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biogeography","volume":"51 12","pages":"2323-2333"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jbi.14997","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142178084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jinliang Liu, Antoine Becker-Scarpitta, Chuping Wu, Jiajia Liu
Aims
The relationship between habitat area and species evenness quantifies species relative abundance distribution changes across habitat fragments, providing more information than considering only the species richness to predict biodiversity distribution patterns in fragmented landscapes. However, unlike the species-area relationships (SARs), the Species Evenness-Area Relationship (SEARs) has yet to be explored across taxa at a large spatial scale. Here, we resolved how the relationship between species evenness and fragment area varies among taxonomic groups and environmental factors.
Location
Global.
Taxa
Insecta, Aves, Amphibians and Squamata, Plantae, Arachnida, Mammalia, Mollusca.
Methods
We compiled 67 datasets from the FragSAD database, including information on fragments area, species richness, and species abundance of six taxa worldwide. We calculated the species evenness index for each fragment, which is independent of species richness, and tested the relationship between species evenness and fragment area across taxonomic groups. We also used the power model to fit SEAR for each dataset and identified landscape variables with a detectable impact on the occurrence of significant SEARs.
Results
In contrast to the positive relationship between species richness and fragment area, species evenness was negatively affected by fragment area when controlling for other environmental factors and the relationships varied significantly among taxonomic groups. Specifically, there were significant negative associations between species evenness and fragment area for insects, birds, spiders, and mammals but not for plants and amphibians. Meanwhile, the occurrence of significant SEARs depends on the number of fragments and total fragment area.
Main Conclusions
The contrasting patterns of SEARs and SARs among taxonomic groups highlight the complexity of the mechanisms regulating biodiversity patterns. Although the number of species increases with the increase of fragment area, the decreased evenness implies community instability on larger fragments. Therefore, understanding the prevalence and underlying mechanisms in determining SEARs has critical implications for biodiversity conservation.
{"title":"Species evenness-area relationships in fragmented landscapes","authors":"Jinliang Liu, Antoine Becker-Scarpitta, Chuping Wu, Jiajia Liu","doi":"10.1111/jbi.14991","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jbi.14991","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The relationship between habitat area and species evenness quantifies species relative abundance distribution changes across habitat fragments, providing more information than considering only the species richness to predict biodiversity distribution patterns in fragmented landscapes. However, unlike the species-area relationships (SARs), the Species Evenness-Area Relationship (SEARs) has yet to be explored across taxa at a large spatial scale. Here, we resolved how the relationship between species evenness and fragment area varies among taxonomic groups and environmental factors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Global.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Taxa</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Insecta, Aves, Amphibians and Squamata, Plantae, Arachnida, Mammalia, Mollusca.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We compiled 67 datasets from the FragSAD database, including information on fragments area, species richness, and species abundance of six taxa worldwide. We calculated the species evenness index for each fragment, which is independent of species richness, and tested the relationship between species evenness and fragment area across taxonomic groups. We also used the power model to fit SEAR for each dataset and identified landscape variables with a detectable impact on the occurrence of significant SEARs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In contrast to the positive relationship between species richness and fragment area, species evenness was negatively affected by fragment area when controlling for other environmental factors and the relationships varied significantly among taxonomic groups. Specifically, there were significant negative associations between species evenness and fragment area for insects, birds, spiders, and mammals but not for plants and amphibians. Meanwhile, the occurrence of significant SEARs depends on the number of fragments and total fragment area.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The contrasting patterns of SEARs and SARs among taxonomic groups highlight the complexity of the mechanisms regulating biodiversity patterns. Although the number of species increases with the increase of fragment area, the decreased evenness implies community instability on larger fragments. Therefore, understanding the prevalence and underlying mechanisms in determining SEARs has critical implications for biodiversity conservation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15299,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biogeography","volume":"51 11","pages":"2312-2322"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142178085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mariana Ronalda Ferrera-Rodríguez, Luis Malpica-Cruz, Adrián Munguía-Vega, Rodrigo Beas-Luna, Ana Laura Flores-Morales, Alicia Abadía-Cardoso
Aim
We reconstructed the genetic patterns and identified the main genetic breaks of several taxa across California and Baja California coast. Additionally, we evaluated the contribution of different variables to the level of structure.
Location
California and Baja California coast.
Taxon
Fish, invertebrates, algae, seagrass and mammals.
Methods
We generated a map to reconstruct the genetic patterns using genetic information (Fst index and phylogenetic clades distribution) from a literature review of population genetics publications from 2000 to 2023. For the analysis of genetic connectivity drivers, we explored the effect of different variables representing life history traits, reproductive strategies and biogeographic variables and generated five working hypotheses which were evaluated with generalized linear models (GLMs).
Results
We identified 42 genetic breaks from 63 species across our study area. The largest number of breaks occurs from 27° N to 29° N and from 31° N to 35° N. This range includes transition zones between ecoregions such as Punta Eugenia, Baja California, Mexico and Point Conception, California, USA. We also identified Ensenada, Baja California region as a barrier to gene flow. From a transboundary perspective, we found 40 species with connectivity between California and Baja California, including 14 commercial and or recreational species. We found none of the variables explored had a clear effect on the level of genetic differentiation of the species assessed in the region.
Main Conclusion
Genetic breaks among different taxa do not distribute randomly across the latitudinal range from California and Baja California coastal area, rather they are mainly located in transition zones between marine ecoregions. The challenge to identify specific variables that explain general genetic patterns highlights the complexity that drives population connectivity processes in marine species.
{"title":"Revealing genetic patterns across ecoregions in the northeastern Pacific of California and Baja California","authors":"Mariana Ronalda Ferrera-Rodríguez, Luis Malpica-Cruz, Adrián Munguía-Vega, Rodrigo Beas-Luna, Ana Laura Flores-Morales, Alicia Abadía-Cardoso","doi":"10.1111/jbi.14988","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jbi.14988","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We reconstructed the genetic patterns and identified the main genetic breaks of several taxa across California and Baja California coast. Additionally, we evaluated the contribution of different variables to the level of structure.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>California and Baja California coast.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Taxon</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fish, invertebrates, algae, seagrass and mammals.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We generated a map to reconstruct the genetic patterns using genetic information (Fst index and phylogenetic clades distribution) from a literature review of population genetics publications from 2000 to 2023. For the analysis of genetic connectivity drivers, we explored the effect of different variables representing life history traits, reproductive strategies and biogeographic variables and generated five working hypotheses which were evaluated with generalized linear models (GLMs).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We identified 42 genetic breaks from 63 species across our study area. The largest number of breaks occurs from 27° N to 29° N and from 31° N to 35° N. This range includes transition zones between ecoregions such as Punta Eugenia, Baja California, Mexico and Point Conception, California, USA. We also identified Ensenada, Baja California region as a barrier to gene flow. From a transboundary perspective, we found 40 species with connectivity between California and Baja California, including 14 commercial and or recreational species. We found none of the variables explored had a clear effect on the level of genetic differentiation of the species assessed in the region.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Genetic breaks among different taxa do not distribute randomly across the latitudinal range from California and Baja California coastal area, rather they are mainly located in transition zones between marine ecoregions. The challenge to identify specific variables that explain general genetic patterns highlights the complexity that drives population connectivity processes in marine species.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15299,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biogeography","volume":"51 11","pages":"2298-2311"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142178141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rémi Bardou, Michael J. Osland, Jahson B. Alemu I, Laura C. Feher, David P. Harlan, Steven B. Scyphers, Christine C. Shepard, Savannah H. Swinea, Kalaina Thorne, Jill E. Andrew, A. Randall Hughes
<div> <section> <h3> Aim</h3> <p>The climate change-induced transition from grass-dominated marshes to woody-plant-dominated mangrove forests has the potential to impact the ecosystem goods and services provided by coastal wetlands. To better anticipate and prepare for these impacts, there is a need to advance understanding of future changes in mangrove distribution and coastal wetland vegetation structural properties due to warming winters.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Location</h3> <p>Southeastern United States.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Time Period</h3> <p>Recent (1981–2010) and future (2071–2100).</p> </section> <section> <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3> <p>Coastal wetland vegetation.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>We estimated changes in mangrove distribution and coastal wetland vegetation structure using known climate-ecological relationships, recent climate data for the period 1981–2010, and future projected climate data for the period 2071–2100. We quantified potential changes in mangrove presence, mangrove relative abundance, coastal wetland vegetation height, and coastal wetland vegetation aboveground biomass under two Shared Socio-Economic Pathway scenarios (SSPs; SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5), which correspond to intermediate and high greenhouse gas emissions scenarios, respectively.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>Our analyses indicate that mangrove presence and relative abundance will dramatically increase in the northern Gulf of Mexico and the southeast Atlantic coast of the United States, particularly under the high emissions scenario. Because of the higher stature of mangroves relative to salt marsh vegetation, this expansion will cause a transformative change in coastal wetland vegetation height and aboveground biomass in many areas. However, along the arid southern Texas coast, low precipitation and high salinities are expected to constrain mangrove expansion and growth.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Main Conclusions</h3> <p>Our results show where and to what extent climate change, in the form of winter temperature warming, is projected to enable the transition from shorter, grass-dominated salt marshes to taller, woody plant-dominated mangrove forests in the southeastern United States, with consequent impa
{"title":"Projected changes in mangrove distribution and vegetation structure under climate change in the southeastern United States","authors":"Rémi Bardou, Michael J. Osland, Jahson B. Alemu I, Laura C. Feher, David P. Harlan, Steven B. Scyphers, Christine C. Shepard, Savannah H. Swinea, Kalaina Thorne, Jill E. Andrew, A. Randall Hughes","doi":"10.1111/jbi.14985","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jbi.14985","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The climate change-induced transition from grass-dominated marshes to woody-plant-dominated mangrove forests has the potential to impact the ecosystem goods and services provided by coastal wetlands. To better anticipate and prepare for these impacts, there is a need to advance understanding of future changes in mangrove distribution and coastal wetland vegetation structural properties due to warming winters.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Southeastern United States.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Time Period</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Recent (1981–2010) and future (2071–2100).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Coastal wetland vegetation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We estimated changes in mangrove distribution and coastal wetland vegetation structure using known climate-ecological relationships, recent climate data for the period 1981–2010, and future projected climate data for the period 2071–2100. We quantified potential changes in mangrove presence, mangrove relative abundance, coastal wetland vegetation height, and coastal wetland vegetation aboveground biomass under two Shared Socio-Economic Pathway scenarios (SSPs; SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5), which correspond to intermediate and high greenhouse gas emissions scenarios, respectively.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our analyses indicate that mangrove presence and relative abundance will dramatically increase in the northern Gulf of Mexico and the southeast Atlantic coast of the United States, particularly under the high emissions scenario. Because of the higher stature of mangroves relative to salt marsh vegetation, this expansion will cause a transformative change in coastal wetland vegetation height and aboveground biomass in many areas. However, along the arid southern Texas coast, low precipitation and high salinities are expected to constrain mangrove expansion and growth.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our results show where and to what extent climate change, in the form of winter temperature warming, is projected to enable the transition from shorter, grass-dominated salt marshes to taller, woody plant-dominated mangrove forests in the southeastern United States, with consequent impa","PeriodicalId":15299,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biogeography","volume":"51 11","pages":"2285-2297"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jbi.14985","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142178089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
<div> <section> <h3> Aim</h3> <p>We examined range-wide genetic variation in a widespread white oak species in western North America to determine phylogeographic patterns (including possible latitudinal gradients) and investigate their underlying causes.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Location</h3> <p>Western North America.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Taxon</h3> <p><i>Quercus garryana</i> (Fagaceae).</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>We sampled <i>Q</i>. <i>garryana</i> at 117 locations throughout its range and related species of white oaks in 8 additional populations. We sequenced DNA from four variable intergenic plastid spacers and the ribosomal nuclear ITS region. We constructed haplotype networks and phylogenetic trees, mapped the geographical distributions of plastid haplotypes, and analysed genetic diversity patterns.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>We identified 25 plastid haplotypes that clustered in two major groups, each showing pronounced genetic variation with latitude. In contrast, ITS showed little or no geographical or phylogenetic variation. <i>Quercus garryana</i> shared several plastid haplotypes with related white oaks and was not differentiated from these species by ITS. Plastid haplotype diversity in <i>Q</i>. <i>garryana</i> was highest in the central part of its range and sharply reduced to the north. Two haplotypes (one from each haplotype group) occurred in the northern third of the range, with only one at the northern range limit. Populations at the southern range limit were characterised by distinct haplotypes.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Main Conclusions</h3> <p>Genetic patterns of <i>Q</i>. <i>garryana</i> have been shaped both by post-Pleistocene climate change, interacting with features of the landscape, and by hybridisation with other white oaks. The species contains substantial genetic variation with strong spatial structuring of plastid haplotypes, indicating (1) early divergence of southern (Sierra Nevada) and northern populations, and (2) northward dispersal during the Holocene resulting in greatly reduced genetic diversity in its northern range. Species that can adjust their ranges with changing climates may remain susceptible to loss of genetic variation, potentially affecting their ability to persist in novel conditions at northern range margins.</p> </section>
AimWe examined range-wide genetic variation in a widespread white oak species in western North America to determine phylogeographic patterns (including possible latitudinal gradients) and investigate their underlying causes.LocationWestern North America.TaxonQuercus garryana (Fagaceae).MethodsWe sampled Q. garryana at 117 locations throughout its range and related species of white oaks in 8 additional populations.我们对四个可变基因间质粒间隔和核糖体 ITS 区域进行了 DNA 测序。我们构建了单倍型网络和系统发生树，绘制了质体单倍型的地理分布图谱，并分析了遗传多样性模式。相比之下，ITS几乎没有或根本没有地理或系统发育差异。Quercus garryana 与相关的白橡树共享几种质粒单倍型，但没有通过 ITS 与这些物种区分开来。Q. garryana 的质体单倍型多样性在其分布区中部最高，向北急剧下降。在其分布区的北部三分之一有两个单倍型出现（每个单倍型组中有一个），在北部分布区的极限只有一个单倍型。主要结论Q. garryana的遗传模式既受更新世后气候变化的影响，与地貌特征相互作用，也受与其他白橡树杂交的影响。该物种含有大量遗传变异，质体单倍型具有很强的空间结构，这表明：（1）南部（内华达山脉）和北部种群的早期分化；（2）全新世期间的向北扩散导致其北部分布区的遗传多样性大大降低。能够随着气候的变化调整其分布范围的物种可能仍然容易受到遗传变异损失的影响，这可能会影响它们在北部分布区边缘的新条件下的生存能力。
{"title":"Phylogeography of a western North American white oak shaped by introgression and post-Pleistocene climate change","authors":"Rande Kanne, Geraldine A. Allen","doi":"10.1111/jbi.14984","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jbi.14984","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We examined range-wide genetic variation in a widespread white oak species in western North America to determine phylogeographic patterns (including possible latitudinal gradients) and investigate their underlying causes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Western North America.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Taxon</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Quercus garryana</i> (Fagaceae).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We sampled <i>Q</i>. <i>garryana</i> at 117 locations throughout its range and related species of white oaks in 8 additional populations. We sequenced DNA from four variable intergenic plastid spacers and the ribosomal nuclear ITS region. We constructed haplotype networks and phylogenetic trees, mapped the geographical distributions of plastid haplotypes, and analysed genetic diversity patterns.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We identified 25 plastid haplotypes that clustered in two major groups, each showing pronounced genetic variation with latitude. In contrast, ITS showed little or no geographical or phylogenetic variation. <i>Quercus garryana</i> shared several plastid haplotypes with related white oaks and was not differentiated from these species by ITS. Plastid haplotype diversity in <i>Q</i>. <i>garryana</i> was highest in the central part of its range and sharply reduced to the north. Two haplotypes (one from each haplotype group) occurred in the northern third of the range, with only one at the northern range limit. Populations at the southern range limit were characterised by distinct haplotypes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Genetic patterns of <i>Q</i>. <i>garryana</i> have been shaped both by post-Pleistocene climate change, interacting with features of the landscape, and by hybridisation with other white oaks. The species contains substantial genetic variation with strong spatial structuring of plastid haplotypes, indicating (1) early divergence of southern (Sierra Nevada) and northern populations, and (2) northward dispersal during the Holocene resulting in greatly reduced genetic diversity in its northern range. Species that can adjust their ranges with changing climates may remain susceptible to loss of genetic variation, potentially affecting their ability to persist in novel conditions at northern range margins.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":15299,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biogeography","volume":"51 11","pages":"2274-2284"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jbi.14984","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142178087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Felipe W. Pereira, Matheus L. Araujo, Fernanda T. Brum, Gabriel A. R. Melo, Mauricio O. Moura, Rodrigo B. Gonçalves
Aim
To provide an assessment of climate change impacts on a set of wild pollinators restricted to one of the regions with the greatest diversity of bees in the world. Also, we aimed to test whether functional groups responded differently to climate projections.
Location
South-eastern South America (SES).
Taxon
Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae sensu lato).
Methods
We selected 18 species of bees mostly restricted to the SES region, modelled their distributions and assessed the possible impacts of near future (2050) climate change in species richness and shifts in range centroids. Potential impacts related to different functional groups were evaluated through t-tests.
Results
SES species richness was projected to decrease in the northernmost regions and increase southward. Most bee species were predicted to shift their range centroids towards the south-west and south, while suitable stable areas were found in southern Brazil. We also found higher proportional losses in suitable areas for eusocial species compared to solitary ones, while generalists showed slightly lower gains than specialists.
Main Conclusion
SES bees are likely to undergo changes in the near future, with projected losses of species at northern portions and southward increases. The identified stable areas in southern Brazil underscore the importance of conservation efforts in the region, particularly in natural grasslands – an endangered habitat with high bee diversity. Although our results suggest higher vulnerability for functional groups traditionally considered more resilient, it is essential to acknowledge that other factors, including habitat and mutualists availability, behavioural particularities, phenology and range size, must be determinants for the vulnerability of species to ongoing climate change.
目的评估气候变化对世界上蜜蜂种类最丰富的地区之一的野生传粉昆虫的影响。方法我们选取了主要局限于南美洲东南部地区的18种蜜蜂，建立了它们的分布模型，并评估了近期（2050年）气候变化可能对物种丰富度和分布中心点移动产生的影响。通过 t 检验评估了与不同功能群相关的潜在影响。据预测，大多数蜜蜂物种的分布中心将向西南部和南部转移，而巴西南部则会出现合适的稳定区域。我们还发现，与独居物种相比，群居物种在适宜区域内的损失比例更高，而通栖物种的收益略低于专栖物种。巴西南部已确定的稳定地区强调了在该地区开展保护工作的重要性，尤其是在天然草地--蜜蜂多样性很高的濒危栖息地--。尽管我们的研究结果表明，传统上被认为具有较强适应能力的功能群的脆弱性较高，但必须承认，其他因素，包括栖息地和互助者的可用性、行为特殊性、物候学和分布范围的大小，必须是物种易受当前气候变化影响的决定因素。
{"title":"Bees travelling south: Climate-induced range shifts and suitable habitat losses in south-eastern neotropics","authors":"Felipe W. Pereira, Matheus L. Araujo, Fernanda T. Brum, Gabriel A. R. Melo, Mauricio O. Moura, Rodrigo B. Gonçalves","doi":"10.1111/jbi.14989","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jbi.14989","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To provide an assessment of climate change impacts on a set of wild pollinators restricted to one of the regions with the greatest diversity of bees in the world. Also, we aimed to test whether functional groups responded differently to climate projections.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>South-eastern South America (SES).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Taxon</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae sensu lato).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We selected 18 species of bees mostly restricted to the SES region, modelled their distributions and assessed the possible impacts of near future (2050) climate change in species richness and shifts in range centroids. Potential impacts related to different functional groups were evaluated through <i>t</i>-tests.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>SES species richness was projected to decrease in the northernmost regions and increase southward. Most bee species were predicted to shift their range centroids towards the south-west and south, while suitable stable areas were found in southern Brazil. We also found higher proportional losses in suitable areas for eusocial species compared to solitary ones, while generalists showed slightly lower gains than specialists.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>SES bees are likely to undergo changes in the near future, with projected losses of species at northern portions and southward increases. The identified stable areas in southern Brazil underscore the importance of conservation efforts in the region, particularly in natural grasslands – an endangered habitat with high bee diversity. Although our results suggest higher vulnerability for functional groups traditionally considered more resilient, it is essential to acknowledge that other factors, including habitat and mutualists availability, behavioural particularities, phenology and range size, must be determinants for the vulnerability of species to ongoing climate change.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15299,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biogeography","volume":"51 11","pages":"2259-2273"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142178086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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