O. Okunola, A. Uzairu, S. Uba, C. S. Ezeanyanaso, Y. Alhassan
The sequential extraction of Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, Cu, and Zn in atmospheric dust particles collected along ten high traffic roads in Kano metropolis was carried out. Analyses of metals in the extracts were done using flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The samples analyzed for metals indicated high levels of Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, Cu, and Zn in the atmospheric dust samples. The sequential extractions that showed significant amount of Cd were associated with and Fe-MnO fractions especially during the dry seasons. For Cr and Ni, their occlusion in crystal lattice of the soil fraction exhibited the highest percentage. Pb in the particulate dust samples is significantly associated with the carbonate bound fraction with range of 8.81–64.69% across the season. The behaviour of Cu is quite different from other metals in that percentage fractions are higher in the organic bound. As for Zn, significant amounts were associated with the residue fractions ranging from 0.96 to 87.50% across the seasons. This study revealed contamination of the particulate dust with Cd and Pb; this implies health risks to human, living or carrying out daily activities along the corridors of these roads.
{"title":"Distribution Pattern of Metals in Atmospheric Settling Dust along Roads in Kano Metropolis, Nigeria","authors":"O. Okunola, A. Uzairu, S. Uba, C. S. Ezeanyanaso, Y. Alhassan","doi":"10.1155/2015/739325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/739325","url":null,"abstract":"The sequential extraction of Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, Cu, and Zn in atmospheric dust particles collected along ten high traffic roads in Kano metropolis was carried out. Analyses of metals in the extracts were done using flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The samples analyzed for metals indicated high levels of Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, Cu, and Zn in the atmospheric dust samples. The sequential extractions that showed significant amount of Cd were associated with and Fe-MnO fractions especially during the dry seasons. For Cr and Ni, their occlusion in crystal lattice of the soil fraction exhibited the highest percentage. Pb in the particulate dust samples is significantly associated with the carbonate bound fraction with range of 8.81–64.69% across the season. The behaviour of Cu is quite different from other metals in that percentage fractions are higher in the organic bound. As for Zn, significant amounts were associated with the residue fractions ranging from 0.96 to 87.50% across the seasons. This study revealed contamination of the particulate dust with Cd and Pb; this implies health risks to human, living or carrying out daily activities along the corridors of these roads.","PeriodicalId":15303,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology","volume":"193 11 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86752444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Quinolines, an important class of potentially bioactive compounds, have been synthesized by treatment of o-aminoaryl ketones and carbonyl compound utilizing niobium (V) chloride (NbCl5) as an available and inexpensive catalyst. The quinoline derivatives were prepared in glycerol, an excellent solvent in terms of environmental impact, with high yields (76–98%) and short reaction times (20–90 min). Not only diketones but also ketones afforded the desired products in good to excellent yields. The reaction time of 2-amino-5-chlorobenzophenone and dicarbonyl compounds was longer than that of 2-aminobenzophenone. The reaction of cyclic diketones took place faster than open chain analogues. These reactions also proceeded with acetophenone derivatives. In these cases the reaction times are longer.
{"title":"Proficient Procedure for Preparation of Quinoline Derivatives Catalyzed by NbCl5 in Glycerol as Green Solvent","authors":"M. Nasseri, B. Zakerinasab, Sayyede Kamayestani","doi":"10.1155/2015/743094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/743094","url":null,"abstract":"Quinolines, an important class of potentially bioactive compounds, have been synthesized by treatment of o-aminoaryl ketones and carbonyl compound utilizing niobium (V) chloride (NbCl5) as an available and inexpensive catalyst. The quinoline derivatives were prepared in glycerol, an excellent solvent in terms of environmental impact, with high yields (76–98%) and short reaction times (20–90 min). Not only diketones but also ketones afforded the desired products in good to excellent yields. The reaction time of 2-amino-5-chlorobenzophenone and dicarbonyl compounds was longer than that of 2-aminobenzophenone. The reaction of cyclic diketones took place faster than open chain analogues. These reactions also proceeded with acetophenone derivatives. In these cases the reaction times are longer.","PeriodicalId":15303,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76005186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gene therapy is a new kind of medicine, which uses genes as drugs in order to treat life threatening diseases. In the present work, a nonviral vector, aminated β-cyclodextrin-modified-carboxylated magnetic cobalt/nanocellulose composite (ACDC-Co/NCC), was synthesized for efficient transfection of genes into tumour cells. The synthesized ACDC-Co/NCC was characterized by means of FTIR, XRD, SEM, and ESR techniques. DNA condensing ability of ACDC-Co/NCC was found to be increased with increase in amount of ACDC-Co/NCC and 84.9% of DNA (1.0 μg/mL) inclusion was observed with 6.0 μg/mL of ACDC-Co/NCC. The cytotoxicity of ACDC-Co/NCC was observed to be minimal, even at higher concentration, with respect to the model transfecting agent, poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI). 88.2% of the gene was transfected at high dose of DNA, as indicated by the highest luciferase expression. These results indicated that ACDC-Co/NCC might be a promising candidate for gene delivery with the characteristics of good biocompatibility, potential biodegradability, minimal cytotoxicity, and relatively high gene transfection efficiency.
{"title":"Aminated β-Cyclodextrin-Modified-Carboxylated Magnetic Cobalt/Nanocellulose Composite for Tumor-Targeted Gene Delivery","authors":"T. Anirudhan, S. R. Rejeena","doi":"10.1155/2014/184153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/184153","url":null,"abstract":"Gene therapy is a new kind of medicine, which uses genes as drugs in order to treat life threatening diseases. In the present work, a nonviral vector, aminated β-cyclodextrin-modified-carboxylated magnetic cobalt/nanocellulose composite (ACDC-Co/NCC), was synthesized for efficient transfection of genes into tumour cells. The synthesized ACDC-Co/NCC was characterized by means of FTIR, XRD, SEM, and ESR techniques. DNA condensing ability of ACDC-Co/NCC was found to be increased with increase in amount of ACDC-Co/NCC and 84.9% of DNA (1.0 μg/mL) inclusion was observed with 6.0 μg/mL of ACDC-Co/NCC. The cytotoxicity of ACDC-Co/NCC was observed to be minimal, even at higher concentration, with respect to the model transfecting agent, poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI). 88.2% of the gene was transfected at high dose of DNA, as indicated by the highest luciferase expression. These results indicated that ACDC-Co/NCC might be a promising candidate for gene delivery with the characteristics of good biocompatibility, potential biodegradability, minimal cytotoxicity, and relatively high gene transfection efficiency.","PeriodicalId":15303,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology","volume":"70 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87635346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nargis A. Chowdhury, J. Robertson, A. Al-Jumaily, M. Ramos
This work presents a comparative study on the rate of drug release from implantable matrices induced by electric and magnetic fields separately for better biomedical applications. The matrices were prepared by coating γ-ferric oxide dispersed regenerated cellulose film by polypyrrole doped with sulfosalicylic acid as an anti-inflammatory drug. The drug release mechanisms were studied under both the electric and the magnetic fields separately in an acetate buffer solution with pH 5.5 and temperature 37°C during a period of 5 hours. The amount of drug released was analysed by UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The mechanism of drug release from the matrices under electric field includes expansion of conductive polymer chain and the electrostatic force between electron and drug. The drug release mechanism from the matrices under magnetic field is based on the fact that the heat produced locally by magnetic particles loosens the polymer (polypyrrole) chain surrounding the particles. As a result, the drugs attached to the polypyrrole chain come out to the release medium. The matrices showed fast release of drug, that is, more than 60% of the loaded drug was released within 1 h, and are ideal for the treatment of illness in an emergency care.
{"title":"Fast Release of Sulfosalicylic Acid from Polymer Implants Consisting of Regenerated Cellulose/γ-Ferric Oxide/Polypyrrole","authors":"Nargis A. Chowdhury, J. Robertson, A. Al-Jumaily, M. Ramos","doi":"10.1155/2014/474268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/474268","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents a comparative study on the rate of drug release from implantable matrices induced by electric and magnetic fields separately for better biomedical applications. The matrices were prepared by coating γ-ferric oxide dispersed regenerated cellulose film by polypyrrole doped with sulfosalicylic acid as an anti-inflammatory drug. The drug release mechanisms were studied under both the electric and the magnetic fields separately in an acetate buffer solution with pH 5.5 and temperature 37°C during a period of 5 hours. The amount of drug released was analysed by UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The mechanism of drug release from the matrices under electric field includes expansion of conductive polymer chain and the electrostatic force between electron and drug. The drug release mechanism from the matrices under magnetic field is based on the fact that the heat produced locally by magnetic particles loosens the polymer (polypyrrole) chain surrounding the particles. As a result, the drugs attached to the polypyrrole chain come out to the release medium. The matrices showed fast release of drug, that is, more than 60% of the loaded drug was released within 1 h, and are ideal for the treatment of illness in an emergency care.","PeriodicalId":15303,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology","volume":"C-20 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85067655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ultrasonic speed, , and density, , have been measured in binary liquid mixtures of cyclohexanone with the isomers of butanol (-butanol, sec-butanol, and tert-butanol) at 308.15 K over the entire range of composition. Molar volume (), adiabatic compressibility (), intermolecular free length (), acoustic impedance (), and their excess/deviation along with have been calculated from the experimental data. These values have been fitted to Redlich-Kister type polynomial equation. Positive values of , , and negative values of , have been observed for all the liquid mixtures indicating the existence of weak interactions between components. Rupture of H-bond or reduction in H-bond strength of isomers of butanol or breaking of the structure of one or both of the components in a solution causes the existence of dispersions in the present investigated binary mixtures. The data obtained from , , and excess partial molar volumes , , reflects the inferences drawn from . Furthermore, FTIR spectra support the conclusions drawn from excess/deviation properties. The measured values of ultrasonic speed for all the investigated mixtures have been compared with the theoretically estimated values using empirical relations such as, Nomoto, Van Dael and Vangeels, Impedance and Rao specific sound speed.
{"title":"Ultrasonic Investigations of Molecular Interaction in Binary Mixtures of Cyclohexanone with Isomers of Butanol","authors":"S. Nayeem, M. Kondaiah, K. Sreekanth, D. Rao","doi":"10.1155/2014/741795","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/741795","url":null,"abstract":"Ultrasonic speed, , and density, , have been measured in binary liquid mixtures of cyclohexanone with the isomers of butanol (-butanol, sec-butanol, and tert-butanol) at 308.15 K over the entire range of composition. Molar volume (), adiabatic compressibility (), intermolecular free length (), acoustic impedance (), and their excess/deviation along with have been calculated from the experimental data. These values have been fitted to Redlich-Kister type polynomial equation. Positive values of , , and negative values of , have been observed for all the liquid mixtures indicating the existence of weak interactions between components. Rupture of H-bond or reduction in H-bond strength of isomers of butanol or breaking of the structure of one or both of the components in a solution causes the existence of dispersions in the present investigated binary mixtures. The data obtained from , , and excess partial molar volumes , , reflects the inferences drawn from . Furthermore, FTIR spectra support the conclusions drawn from excess/deviation properties. The measured values of ultrasonic speed for all the investigated mixtures have been compared with the theoretically estimated values using empirical relations such as, Nomoto, Van Dael and Vangeels, Impedance and Rao specific sound speed.","PeriodicalId":15303,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology","volume":"20 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81052649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Depolymerization reaction of nylon waste was carried out by hydrolysis reaction. Yield of depolymerization products was up to 72.20% for a two-hour reaction time. The products obtained were characterized by melting point and FTIR spectra. The values obtained for dibenzoyl derivative of hexamethylenediamine (DBHMD) agreed with those of the pure substance. Chemical kinetics of this reaction shows that it is a first-order reaction with respect to hexamethylenediamine (HMD) concentration with velocity constant min−1. The energy of activation and Arrhenius constant obtained by Arrhenius plot were 87.22 KJg−1 and 0.129, respectively. The other thermodynamic parameters such as enthalpy of activation () and entropy of activation () and free energy of activation were 5975.85 J and −270.86 J·K−1·mol−1 and 101.59 KJ·mol−1, respectively.
{"title":"Kinetics and Thermodynamic Studies of Depolymerization of Nylon Waste by Hydrolysis Reaction","authors":"D. Patil, S. V. Madhamshettiwar","doi":"10.1155/2014/286709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/286709","url":null,"abstract":"Depolymerization reaction of nylon waste was carried out by hydrolysis reaction. Yield of depolymerization products was up to 72.20% for a two-hour reaction time. The products obtained were characterized by melting point and FTIR spectra. The values obtained for dibenzoyl derivative of hexamethylenediamine (DBHMD) agreed with those of the pure substance. Chemical kinetics of this reaction shows that it is a first-order reaction with respect to hexamethylenediamine (HMD) concentration with velocity constant min−1. The energy of activation and Arrhenius constant obtained by Arrhenius plot were 87.22 KJg−1 and 0.129, respectively. The other thermodynamic parameters such as enthalpy of activation () and entropy of activation () and free energy of activation were 5975.85 J and −270.86 J·K−1·mol−1 and 101.59 KJ·mol−1, respectively.","PeriodicalId":15303,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology","volume":"3 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83057714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The use of potentiometric titration for the analysis and characterization of native and modified starches is highlighted. The polyelectrolytic behavior of oxidized starches (thermal and thermal-chemical oxidation), a graft copolymer of itaconic acid (IA) onto starch, and starch esters (mono- and diester itaconate) was compared with the behavior of native starch, the homopolymer, and the acid employed as a graft monomer and substituent. Starch esters showed higher percentages of acidity, followed by graft copolymer of itaconic acid and finally oxidized starches. Analytical techniques and synthesis of modified starches were also described.
{"title":"Characterization of Native and Modified Starches by Potentiometric Titration","authors":"Diana Soto, José Urdaneta, Kelly Pernia","doi":"10.1155/2014/162480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/162480","url":null,"abstract":"The use of potentiometric titration for the analysis and characterization of native and modified starches is highlighted. The polyelectrolytic behavior of oxidized starches (thermal and thermal-chemical oxidation), a graft copolymer of itaconic acid (IA) onto starch, and starch esters (mono- and diester itaconate) was compared with the behavior of native starch, the homopolymer, and the acid employed as a graft monomer and substituent. Starch esters showed higher percentages of acidity, followed by graft copolymer of itaconic acid and finally oxidized starches. Analytical techniques and synthesis of modified starches were also described.","PeriodicalId":15303,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology","volume":"18 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81428526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alex Paul Wacoo, Alex Paul Wacoo, D. Wendiro, P. Vuzi, J. Hawumba
Aflatoxins are toxic carcinogenic secondary metabolites produced predominantly by two fungal species: Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. These fungal species are contaminants of foodstuff as well as feeds and are responsible for aflatoxin contamination of these agro products. The toxicity and potency of aflatoxins make them the primary health hazard as well as responsible for losses associated with contaminations of processed foods and feeds. Determination of aflatoxins concentration in food stuff and feeds is thus very important. However, due to their low concentration in foods and feedstuff, analytical methods for detection and quantification of aflatoxins have to be specific, sensitive, and simple to carry out. Several methods including thin-layer chromatography (TLC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), mass spectroscopy, enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay (ELISA), and electrochemical immunosensor, among others, have been described for detecting and quantifying aflatoxins in foods. Each of these methods has advantages and limitations in aflatoxins analysis. This review critically examines each of the methods used for detection of aflatoxins in foodstuff, highlighting the advantages and limitations of each method. Finally, a way forward for overcoming such obstacles is suggested.
{"title":"Methods for Detection of Aflatoxins in Agricultural Food Crops","authors":"Alex Paul Wacoo, Alex Paul Wacoo, D. Wendiro, P. Vuzi, J. Hawumba","doi":"10.1155/2014/706291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/706291","url":null,"abstract":"Aflatoxins are toxic carcinogenic secondary metabolites produced predominantly by two fungal species: Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. These fungal species are contaminants of foodstuff as well as feeds and are responsible for aflatoxin contamination of these agro products. The toxicity and potency of aflatoxins make them the primary health hazard as well as responsible for losses associated with contaminations of processed foods and feeds. Determination of aflatoxins concentration in food stuff and feeds is thus very important. However, due to their low concentration in foods and feedstuff, analytical methods for detection and quantification of aflatoxins have to be specific, sensitive, and simple to carry out. Several methods including thin-layer chromatography (TLC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), mass spectroscopy, enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay (ELISA), and electrochemical immunosensor, among others, have been described for detecting and quantifying aflatoxins in foods. Each of these methods has advantages and limitations in aflatoxins analysis. This review critically examines each of the methods used for detection of aflatoxins in foodstuff, highlighting the advantages and limitations of each method. Finally, a way forward for overcoming such obstacles is suggested.","PeriodicalId":15303,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology","volume":"95 1","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74496899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Polyoxymethylene is a material which has excellent mechanical properties similar to Nylon-6 filled with 30% GF. 75% POM and 25% glass fibre (POMGF) were blended with nanoclay to increase the tensile and flexural properties. Samples were extruded in twin screw extruder to blend POMGF and (1%, 3%, and 5%) Cloisite 25A nanoclay and specimens were prepared by injection moulding process. The tensile properties, flexural properties, impact strength, and hardness were investigated for the nanocomposites. The fibre pull-outs, fibre matrix adhesion, and cracks in composites were investigated by using scanning electron microscopy. 1% POMGF nanocomposite has low water absorption property. Addition of nanoclay improves the mechanical properties and thermal properties marginally. Improper blending of glass fibre and nanoclay gives low tensile strength and impact strength. SEM image shows the mixing of glass fibre and nanoclay among which 1% POMGF nanocomposite shows better properties compared to others. The thermal stability decreased marginally only with the addition of nanoclay.
{"title":"Studies on Mechanical, Thermal, and Morphological Properties of Glass Fibre Reinforced Polyoxymethylene Nanocomposite","authors":"K. M. Babu, M. Mettilda","doi":"10.1155/2014/782618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/782618","url":null,"abstract":"Polyoxymethylene is a material which has excellent mechanical properties similar to Nylon-6 filled with 30% GF. 75% POM and 25% glass fibre (POMGF) were blended with nanoclay to increase the tensile and flexural properties. Samples were extruded in twin screw extruder to blend POMGF and (1%, 3%, and 5%) Cloisite 25A nanoclay and specimens were prepared by injection moulding process. The tensile properties, flexural properties, impact strength, and hardness were investigated for the nanocomposites. The fibre pull-outs, fibre matrix adhesion, and cracks in composites were investigated by using scanning electron microscopy. 1% POMGF nanocomposite has low water absorption property. Addition of nanoclay improves the mechanical properties and thermal properties marginally. Improper blending of glass fibre and nanoclay gives low tensile strength and impact strength. SEM image shows the mixing of glass fibre and nanoclay among which 1% POMGF nanocomposite shows better properties compared to others. The thermal stability decreased marginally only with the addition of nanoclay.","PeriodicalId":15303,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology","volume":"26 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73378862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We have used spectroscopic technique for the detection of melamine. The effect of melamine on the colour as well as the pH of bromophenol, methyl red and alizarin red dye solutions was examined at different mole ratios. It is found that we observe color transition and the absorption maxima for bromophenol were at 598 nm, while for methyl red, and alizarin red-S dye they are at 520 nm and 423 nm, respectively. We observe an increase in the absorption intensities at 598 nm with increase in the concentration of melamine in bromophenol blue dye. The absorption intensities at 520 nm decreases and new peak at 420 nm emerges in methyl red dye-melamine mixture. While the absorption intensities at 420 nm decreases and 520 nm peak emerges in alizarin red S dye-melamine at higher mole ratios. The results indicate that we can choose the appropriate dye of suitable range to detect the concentration of melamine from 3 to 206 mg dm−3. The results demonstrate possible use of the simple method for the qualitative and quantitative detection of melamine in adulterated food samples.
{"title":"Visual Detection and Determination of Melamine Using Synthetic Dyes","authors":"R. Narayan, Kirana Devarahosahally Veeranna","doi":"10.1155/2014/457254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/457254","url":null,"abstract":"We have used spectroscopic technique for the detection of melamine. The effect of melamine on the colour as well as the pH of bromophenol, methyl red and alizarin red dye solutions was examined at different mole ratios. It is found that we observe color transition and the absorption maxima for bromophenol were at 598 nm, while for methyl red, and alizarin red-S dye they are at 520 nm and 423 nm, respectively. We observe an increase in the absorption intensities at 598 nm with increase in the concentration of melamine in bromophenol blue dye. The absorption intensities at 520 nm decreases and new peak at 420 nm emerges in methyl red dye-melamine mixture. While the absorption intensities at 420 nm decreases and 520 nm peak emerges in alizarin red S dye-melamine at higher mole ratios. The results indicate that we can choose the appropriate dye of suitable range to detect the concentration of melamine from 3 to 206 mg dm−3. The results demonstrate possible use of the simple method for the qualitative and quantitative detection of melamine in adulterated food samples.","PeriodicalId":15303,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology","volume":"97 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88256039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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