Pub Date : 2022-08-26DOI: 10.32734/jcnar.v4i1.9356
Edy Fachrizal
Phytochemical screening of ethanolic extract of cabbage (Brassica oleracea) has been successfully conducted. A phytochemical test was performed using FeCl3 to know the content of the phenolic compound from Cabbage. Cabbage is extracted until the ethanolic extract was obtained. It contained secondary metabolic compounds. mengandung senyawa metabolic sekunder. The largest secondary metabolic in cabbage extract was the flavonoid compound. The flavonoids total contained in the ethanolic extract of cabbage was 1.68 mg QE/g extract and the level of total phenol contained in the ethanolic extract was 45.090 mg GAE/g extract.
{"title":"Phytochemical of Ethanolic Extract of Cabbage (Brassica oleracea) Collected from Medan, Indonesia","authors":"Edy Fachrizal","doi":"10.32734/jcnar.v4i1.9356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32734/jcnar.v4i1.9356","url":null,"abstract":"Phytochemical screening of ethanolic extract of cabbage (Brassica oleracea) has been successfully conducted. A phytochemical test was performed using FeCl3 to know the content of the phenolic compound from Cabbage. Cabbage is extracted until the ethanolic extract was obtained. It contained secondary metabolic compounds. mengandung senyawa metabolic sekunder. The largest secondary metabolic in cabbage extract was the flavonoid compound. The flavonoids total contained in the ethanolic extract of cabbage was 1.68 mg QE/g extract and the level of total phenol contained in the ethanolic extract was 45.090 mg GAE/g extract.","PeriodicalId":15309,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Natural Resources","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90857538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-26DOI: 10.32734/jcnar.v4i1.9359
D. Nasution
The characterization of biodegradable composite from durian seed starch that is mixed polypropylene, and polypropylene grafted maleic anhydride has been done. The stages of this preparation were, the first had prepared durian seed starch, the second had the process of grafting maleic anhydride into polypropylene and the third had made of composite with the composition of PP:PP-g-MA: DSS (7:0.5:0.2); (7:0.5:0.3); (7:0.5:0.4); (7:0.5:0.5); (7:0.5:0.6) (w/w). The biodegradable composites obtained were characterized by tensile strength, surface morphology analysis by SEM, differential thermal analysis (DTA), analysis in nature with the ability to decompose biodegradable test, and functional groups analysis by FTIR spectroscopy. The results showed that the biodegradable composites have the best properties in the ratio of PP:PP-g-MA: DSS was (7:0.5:0.5) (w/w) with the test results of tensile stress is 12.556 N/m2, and the elongation is 8.600%, the images on a few flat surfaces and improved homogeneity, temperature change, and strong group interactions as well as having good biodegradable properties.
以榴莲籽淀粉为原料，研究了聚丙烯与聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐混合的可生物降解复合材料的表征。该工艺的制备阶段为:第一阶段制备榴莲籽淀粉，第二阶段将顺丁烯二酸酐接枝到聚丙烯中，第三阶段制备PP:PP-g- ma: DSS(7:0.5:0.2)的复合材料;(7:0.5:0.3);(7:0.5:0.4);(7:0.5:0.5);(7:0.5:0.6) (w / w)。通过拉伸强度、SEM表面形貌分析、差热分析(DTA)、自然界生物降解能力分析、FTIR能团分析等方法对所得生物降解复合材料进行表征。结果表明，当PP:PP-g- ma: DSS的比例为(7:0.5:0.5)(w/w)时，生物降解复合材料的性能最好，拉伸应力为12.556 N/m2，伸长率为8.600%，在少量平面上的图像均质性改善，温度变化明显，基团相互作用强，具有良好的生物降解性能。
{"title":"Characterization of Biodegradable Composites from Polypropylene, Polypropylene Grafted Maleic Anhydride, and Durian Seed Starch","authors":"D. Nasution","doi":"10.32734/jcnar.v4i1.9359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32734/jcnar.v4i1.9359","url":null,"abstract":"The characterization of biodegradable composite from durian seed starch that is mixed polypropylene, and polypropylene grafted maleic anhydride has been done. The stages of this preparation were, the first had prepared durian seed starch, the second had the process of grafting maleic anhydride into polypropylene and the third had made of composite with the composition of PP:PP-g-MA: DSS (7:0.5:0.2); (7:0.5:0.3); (7:0.5:0.4); (7:0.5:0.5); (7:0.5:0.6) (w/w). The biodegradable composites obtained were characterized by tensile strength, surface morphology analysis by SEM, differential thermal analysis (DTA), analysis in nature with the ability to decompose biodegradable test, and functional groups analysis by FTIR spectroscopy. The results showed that the biodegradable composites have the best properties in the ratio of PP:PP-g-MA: DSS was (7:0.5:0.5) (w/w) with the test results of tensile stress is 12.556 N/m2, and the elongation is 8.600%, the images on a few flat surfaces and improved homogeneity, temperature change, and strong group interactions as well as having good biodegradable properties.","PeriodicalId":15309,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Natural Resources","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76152943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-26DOI: 10.32734/jcnar.v4i1.9357
F. Sebayang
Vitamin E consists of two parts, namely tocopherol and tocotrienol which are found as minor components in candlenut oil. The process of increasing vitamin E concentrate in candlenut oil aims to obtain higher vitamin E levels from candlenut oil through a major and minor component separation with adsorption and desorption methods with three types of calcium silicate hydrate adsorbent namely calcium silicate with 90% absolute ethanol (Ca-S 90), calcium silicate with 75% absolute ethanol (Ca-S 75) and calcium silicate synthesized from CaO (Ca-S). The three adsorbents were synthesized by hydrothermal method at 170ºC for 24 hours accompanied by stirring and characterized by XRD, SEM-EDX, and BET. Furthermore, the adsorbent was applied to enrich vitamin E concentrate in candlenut oil through the adsorption process using a glass column with a mass ratio between candlenut oil and adsorbent that was 1:1, then the vitamin E desorption process was carried out by adding n-hexane solvent. Vitamin E levels obtained after the adsorption and desorption process were for Ca-S 75 adsorbent was 764.41 ppm (1. 82 times enriched), for Ca-S 90 adsorbent was 1011.29 ppm (2. 40 times enriched) and for Ca-S adsorbent was 1029, 38 ppm (2.4 5 times enriched) from the initial vitamin E level in candle nut oil was 420.66 ppm. Ca-S adsorbent showed the best vitamin E enrichment.
{"title":"Calcium Silicate As A Media For Enhancement of Vitamin E Concentration from Candlenut Oil (Aleurites moluccana)","authors":"F. Sebayang","doi":"10.32734/jcnar.v4i1.9357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32734/jcnar.v4i1.9357","url":null,"abstract":"Vitamin E consists of two parts, namely tocopherol and tocotrienol which are found as minor components in candlenut oil. The process of increasing vitamin E concentrate in candlenut oil aims to obtain higher vitamin E levels from candlenut oil through a major and minor component separation with adsorption and desorption methods with three types of calcium silicate hydrate adsorbent namely calcium silicate with 90% absolute ethanol (Ca-S 90), calcium silicate with 75% absolute ethanol (Ca-S 75) and calcium silicate synthesized from CaO (Ca-S). The three adsorbents were synthesized by hydrothermal method at 170ºC for 24 hours accompanied by stirring and characterized by XRD, SEM-EDX, and BET. Furthermore, the adsorbent was applied to enrich vitamin E concentrate in candlenut oil through the adsorption process using a glass column with a mass ratio between candlenut oil and adsorbent that was 1:1, then the vitamin E desorption process was carried out by adding n-hexane solvent. Vitamin E levels obtained after the adsorption and desorption process were for Ca-S 75 adsorbent was 764.41 ppm (1. 82 times enriched), for Ca-S 90 adsorbent was 1011.29 ppm (2. 40 times enriched) and for Ca-S adsorbent was 1029, 38 ppm (2.4 5 times enriched) from the initial vitamin E level in candle nut oil was 420.66 ppm. Ca-S adsorbent showed the best vitamin E enrichment.","PeriodicalId":15309,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Natural Resources","volume":"101 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78623847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-26DOI: 10.32734/jcnar.v4i1.9358
Chairuddin
A study of the use of natural zeolite active as ammonia absorbent in an aquarium as the cultivation of medium fresh fish has been conducted. The water sample was taken from the surface water of Toba Lake, Pangururan, Samosir Regency. Natural zeolite was refined until measured at 200 mesh and activated by physics. Determination of ammonia was performed using spectrophotometrically with the Nessler method at the maximum wavelength of 410 nm. The result of the analysis of this study obtained that decrease in water pH and ammonia content in the water after feeding the fish was caused by the absorption of active natural zeolite active to the tenth day which concentration of ammonia on the first and tenth day was 1.2723 mg/L and 2.4171 mg/L with the largest absorption percent on the day to ten was 38.04%.
{"title":"Study On Utilization of Active Natural Zeolite As Ammonia Absorbent In Aquarium As A Medium Fresh Fish Cultivation","authors":"Chairuddin","doi":"10.32734/jcnar.v4i1.9358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32734/jcnar.v4i1.9358","url":null,"abstract":"A study of the use of natural zeolite active as ammonia absorbent in an aquarium as the cultivation of medium fresh fish has been conducted. The water sample was taken from the surface water of Toba Lake, Pangururan, Samosir Regency. Natural zeolite was refined until measured at 200 mesh and activated by physics. Determination of ammonia was performed using spectrophotometrically with the Nessler method at the maximum wavelength of 410 nm. The result of the analysis of this study obtained that decrease in water pH and ammonia content in the water after feeding the fish was caused by the absorption of active natural zeolite active to the tenth day which concentration of ammonia on the first and tenth day was 1.2723 mg/L and 2.4171 mg/L with the largest absorption percent on the day to ten was 38.04%.","PeriodicalId":15309,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Natural Resources","volume":"520 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77203804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-26DOI: 10.32734/jcnar.v4i1.9354
H. Osman
Preparation of latex polystyrene with emulsifier ammonium lauryl sulfate (ALS) has been carried out by dissolving styrofoam (foam polystyrene) in toluene (30/70). And then polystyrene solution was mixed with aquadest, at ratios polystyrene and aquadest (v/v) were 90:10, 70:30, 50:50, 70:30, and 10:90 then added 10 mL of sodium lauryl sulfate (NLS) solution at concentrations 30%. The characterizations of the latex polystyrene included the stability determination during storage by density measurement and the determination of particle sizes and forms by microscopic optic observation. The results show that latex polystyrene ratio 90:10 is the most stable with density value constant during storage, are 0,848 g/mL for 30%. The particle sizes average is 1,56 mm with the distribution particle sizes decreasing as latex is 8,3 mm. Photomicrograph microscope optic shows that latex polystyrene NLS 30% has familiar particle forms and sizes
{"title":"The Effect of Variation of Latex Mixed Storage Time Polystyrene and Natural Rubber Concentrate Latex on the Stability of the Emulsion by Using Emulsifier Sodium Lauryl Sulfate","authors":"H. Osman","doi":"10.32734/jcnar.v4i1.9354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32734/jcnar.v4i1.9354","url":null,"abstract":"Preparation of latex polystyrene with emulsifier ammonium lauryl sulfate (ALS) has been carried out by dissolving styrofoam (foam polystyrene) in toluene (30/70). And then polystyrene solution was mixed with aquadest, at ratios polystyrene and aquadest (v/v) were 90:10, 70:30, 50:50, 70:30, and 10:90 then added 10 mL of sodium lauryl sulfate (NLS) solution at concentrations 30%. The characterizations of the latex polystyrene included the stability determination during storage by density measurement and the determination of particle sizes and forms by microscopic optic observation. The results show that latex polystyrene ratio 90:10 is the most stable with density value constant during storage, are 0,848 g/mL for 30%. The particle sizes average is 1,56 mm with the distribution particle sizes decreasing as latex is 8,3 mm. Photomicrograph microscope optic shows that latex polystyrene NLS 30% has familiar particle forms and sizes","PeriodicalId":15309,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Natural Resources","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80866804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-26DOI: 10.32734/jcnar.v4i1.9361
Rozyanti Rahman
Research about the effect of fermentation time and weight of yeast bread on bioethanol concentration from the fermentation of the glucose from hydrolysis of cellulose oil palm empty fruit bunches (Elaeis guineensis Jack ) with HCl 30% has been done. From the research, it found that oil palm empty fruit bunches contained cellulose of 24.1298 %. The cellulose was isolated from oil palm empty fruit bunches. It was hydrolyzed by HCl 30% to yield glucose and was analyzed by Nelson-Somogyi Method and the rate of the glucose was 17,1051 %. The fermentation of glucose used various periods of fermentation were 2 days, 4 days, and 6 days and various added baker yeast were 2 g, 4 g, and 6 g. The percentage of bioethanol was analyzed by using potassium dichromate titrations of the oxidation volumetric method. The result of the analysis shows that the highest percentage was 7.3922% with a period of fermentation was 6 days and baker yeast of 6 g.
{"title":"Effect of Fermentation Time and Weight of Bread Yeast on Bioethanol Content from Glucose Hydrolysis of Cellulose Empty Bunches Palm Oil (Elaesis guineensis Jacq.) with HCl 30%","authors":"Rozyanti Rahman","doi":"10.32734/jcnar.v4i1.9361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32734/jcnar.v4i1.9361","url":null,"abstract":"Research about the effect of fermentation time and weight of yeast bread on bioethanol concentration from the fermentation of the glucose from hydrolysis of cellulose oil palm empty fruit bunches (Elaeis guineensis Jack ) with HCl 30% has been done. From the research, it found that oil palm empty fruit bunches contained cellulose of 24.1298 %. The cellulose was isolated from oil palm empty fruit bunches. It was hydrolyzed by HCl 30% to yield glucose and was analyzed by Nelson-Somogyi Method and the rate of the glucose was 17,1051 %. The fermentation of glucose used various periods of fermentation were 2 days, 4 days, and 6 days and various added baker yeast were 2 g, 4 g, and 6 g. The percentage of bioethanol was analyzed by using potassium dichromate titrations of the oxidation volumetric method. The result of the analysis shows that the highest percentage was 7.3922% with a period of fermentation was 6 days and baker yeast of 6 g.","PeriodicalId":15309,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Natural Resources","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76900402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-26DOI: 10.32734/jcnar.v4i1.9355
S. Alva
The effect of pH and mineral content of Fe, Ca, Mg and Cl on the growth of koi fish (Cyprinus carpio) in an aquarium with water sources of the Tuntungan Medan river has been studied. Cultivate koi fish in the aquarium with water from the Tuntungan river had various pHs between 5 to 10. NaH2PO4 is used to reduce pH level, while NaHCO3 is used to elevate pH level. Before the fish was placed, the mineral content of Fe, Mg, Ca, and Cl in the water after pH arrangement was analyzed. The initial weight of the fish that will be incorporated into each aquarium was weighed. After ten days, the fish were weighed, and the mineral content of Ca, Mg, and Cl were determined by titration method, whereas Fe mineral was determined using the Visible Spectrophotometry method. The same thing is done on days 20, 30, 40, and 50. The results showed maximum growth at 120.50% of fish in the river water aquarium pH = 8.5 with high levels of iron (Fe) which fluctuated between 0.4343 mg / L - 0.6020 mg / L, the level of calcium (Ca) which fluctuated between 7.76 mg / L - 15.52 mg / L, the levels of magnesium (Mg) which fluctuated between 120.28 mg / L - 157.14 mg / L, and levels of chloride (Cl) which fluctuated between 27.99 mg / L - 32.48 mg / L. Minimum growth in amount of 88.02% found in the river water aquarium pH = 5.5 with the levels of iron (Fe) which fluctuated between 0.2246 mg / L - 0.5610 mg / L, the level of calcium (Ca) which fluctuate between 7.76 mg / L - 27.93 mg / L, the levels of magnesium (Mg) which fluctuated between 80.71 mg / L - 108.64 mg / L, and levels of chloride (Cl) which fluctuated between 17.99 mg / L - 39.98 mg / L. Water with pH = 9.5 is not suitable as a medium for the cultivation of koi fish.
本文研究了棉兰河屯洞干水源水族中pH和铁、钙、镁、氯等矿物质含量对鲤生长的影响。用屯洞干河的水在水族箱中养殖锦鲤，ph值在5 - 10之间。NaH2PO4用于降低pH值，NaHCO3用于提高pH值。放鱼前，对pH排列后的水中Fe、Mg、Ca、Cl的矿物质含量进行分析。将被纳入每个鱼缸的鱼的初始重量被称重。10天后称重，用滴定法测定钙、镁、氯等矿物含量，用可见分光光度法测定铁等矿物含量。在第20、30、40和50天做同样的事情。结果表明，在pH = 8.5的江水水族箱中，120.50%的鱼最大生长，铁(Fe)含量在0.4343 mg / L - 0.6020 mg / L之间波动，钙(Ca)含量在7.76 mg / L - 15.52 mg / L之间波动，镁(mg)含量在120.28 mg / L - 157.14 mg / L之间波动，和氯水平(Cl)之间的波动27.99 mg / L - 32.48 mg / L .最低数量的增长88.02%在河水水族馆pH = 5.5水平的铁(Fe)之间的波动0.2246 mg / L - 0.5610 mg / L,钙的水平(Ca)之间波动7.76 mg / L - 27.93 mg / L,镁的含量(毫克)之间的波动80.71 mg / L - 108.64 mg / L,氯化物含量在17.99 - 39.98毫克/升之间波动，pH = 9.5的水不适合作为养殖锦鲤的培养基。
{"title":"The Effect of pH and Mineral Content of Fe, Ca, Mg, And Cl On The Growth of Koi Fish (Cyprinus carpio) in Aquariums with Water Sources of The Tuntungan River in Medan","authors":"S. Alva","doi":"10.32734/jcnar.v4i1.9355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32734/jcnar.v4i1.9355","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of pH and mineral content of Fe, Ca, Mg and Cl on the growth of koi fish (Cyprinus carpio) in an aquarium with water sources of the Tuntungan Medan river has been studied. Cultivate koi fish in the aquarium with water from the Tuntungan river had various pHs between 5 to 10. NaH2PO4 is used to reduce pH level, while NaHCO3 is used to elevate pH level. Before the fish was placed, the mineral content of Fe, Mg, Ca, and Cl in the water after pH arrangement was analyzed. The initial weight of the fish that will be incorporated into each aquarium was weighed. After ten days, the fish were weighed, and the mineral content of Ca, Mg, and Cl were determined by titration method, whereas Fe mineral was determined using the Visible Spectrophotometry method. The same thing is done on days 20, 30, 40, and 50. The results showed maximum growth at 120.50% of fish in the river water aquarium pH = 8.5 with high levels of iron (Fe) which fluctuated between 0.4343 mg / L - 0.6020 mg / L, the level of calcium (Ca) which fluctuated between 7.76 mg / L - 15.52 mg / L, the levels of magnesium (Mg) which fluctuated between 120.28 mg / L - 157.14 mg / L, and levels of chloride (Cl) which fluctuated between 27.99 mg / L - 32.48 mg / L. Minimum growth in amount of 88.02% found in the river water aquarium pH = 5.5 with the levels of iron (Fe) which fluctuated between 0.2246 mg / L - 0.5610 mg / L, the level of calcium (Ca) which fluctuate between 7.76 mg / L - 27.93 mg / L, the levels of magnesium (Mg) which fluctuated between 80.71 mg / L - 108.64 mg / L, and levels of chloride (Cl) which fluctuated between 17.99 mg / L - 39.98 mg / L. Water with pH = 9.5 is not suitable as a medium for the cultivation of koi fish.","PeriodicalId":15309,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Natural Resources","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81417702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-26DOI: 10.32734/jcnar.v4i1.9353
Epria R Manik, J. Kaban
Sulfated chitosan has been successfully synthesized through sulfation reaction between chitosan and chlorosulfonic acid using catalyst and N, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) solvent. The first step was sulfation of chitosan with 4; 4.5; 5 mL of HClSO3. The formation of sulfated chitosan was supported by an increased solubility in water and the appearance of peaks at 1111 cm-1, which indicated the C-O-S group. Sulfated chitosan that has been produced, has a degree of sulfation of 5.6041%; 6.0045%; 6.8051%. Sulfated chitosan shows moderate antibacterial activity and a wide spectrum of antibacterial properties against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacterias. The increase in the degree of sulfation was proportional to the increase in antimicrobial activity of both bacteria. The highest antibacterial activity based on inhibitory zone diameter was 10 mm for sulfated chitosan that has been produced from 1 g of chitosan with 5 mL of HClSO3 with a degree of sulfation was 6.8051%.
在催化剂和N, N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)溶剂的作用下，壳聚糖与氯磺酸进行磺化反应，成功合成了磺化壳聚糖。第一步是壳聚糖与4的磺化;4.5;5ml HClSO3。壳聚糖在水中溶解度的增加和在1111 cm-1处出现的峰表明其为C-O-S基团，支持了硫酸化壳聚糖的形成。已生产的磺化壳聚糖，磺化度为5.6041%;6.0045%;6.8051%。磺化壳聚糖对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌具有中等抑菌活性和广谱抑菌作用。磺化程度的增加与两种细菌的抗菌活性的增加成正比。以1 g壳聚糖为原料，加入5 mL HClSO3，磺化度为6.8051%，得到的磺化壳聚糖的抑菌活性最高，抑菌带直径为10 mm。
{"title":"Synthesis of Sulfated Chitosan Through Sulfation Reaction of Chitosan with Chlorosulfonic Acid in N, N-Dimethylformamide, and Antibacterial Activity Test","authors":"Epria R Manik, J. Kaban","doi":"10.32734/jcnar.v4i1.9353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32734/jcnar.v4i1.9353","url":null,"abstract":"Sulfated chitosan has been successfully synthesized through sulfation reaction between chitosan and chlorosulfonic acid using catalyst and N, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) solvent. The first step was sulfation of chitosan with 4; 4.5; 5 mL of HClSO3. The formation of sulfated chitosan was supported by an increased solubility in water and the appearance of peaks at 1111 cm-1, which indicated the C-O-S group. Sulfated chitosan that has been produced, has a degree of sulfation of 5.6041%; 6.0045%; 6.8051%. Sulfated chitosan shows moderate antibacterial activity and a wide spectrum of antibacterial properties against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacterias. The increase in the degree of sulfation was proportional to the increase in antimicrobial activity of both bacteria. The highest antibacterial activity based on inhibitory zone diameter was 10 mm for sulfated chitosan that has been produced from 1 g of chitosan with 5 mL of HClSO3 with a degree of sulfation was 6.8051%.","PeriodicalId":15309,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Natural Resources","volume":"130 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78890070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-26DOI: 10.32734/jcnar.v4i1.9360
S. Lenny
This research is one of the diversification efforts of food substances to create economically valuable nutritious food. It has been researched the use of isolation of protein from the waste of the Ketchup Industry as the mixture of crackers with various comparisons between isolating of the waste of protein from Ketchup Industry and cassava by adding an extract of carrot about its nutrient content also. The analyzing nutrient is protein content by using the Kjeldahl method and turning to dust β – carotene using the spectrophotometer and organoleptic test about the taste of crackers using a hedonic scale. The highest protein content and β – carotene is found in the crackers in comparison (1:6:3) namely 5,38 % and 53,59 ppm. Moreover, the lowest protein content and β – carotene is found in the crackers in comparison (1:0:0) namely 2.35 % and 27.49 ppm. The most delicious, crispy, and the most people like is the crackers with comparison (1:4:2).
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Pub Date : 2022-08-26DOI: 10.32734/jcnar.v4i1.9363
Sabarmin Perangin-angin
The essential oil from garlic tubers (Allium sativum L) was isolated by hydrodistillation method using the Stahl apparatus. Garlic tubers were distilled for 4 to 5 hours to produce as much oil as 0.05% (w/ w). The chemical components of essential oil of garlic tubers were analyzed using GC-MS spectroscopy. The GC-MS results showed that there were 11 components with 5 main components, namely diallyl disulfide (44.98%), 1,3-diallyl tri sulfane (13.63%), allyl sulfide (13.06%), methyl allyl disulfide (11.87%), and methyl allyl trisulfide (4.84%). The antibacterial activity of essential oil of garlic tubers with diffusion method to use concentration variation of 5%, 10%, and 15% have strong antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus and have a medium to strong antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria like Escherichia coli. The antioxidant activity of the essential oil of garlic tubers with DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil) showed an IC50 value was 22.863 mg/L and a very strong antioxidant group.
{"title":"Isolation and Analysis of Chemical Components of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Tuber Essential Oil As Well As Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activity Tests","authors":"Sabarmin Perangin-angin","doi":"10.32734/jcnar.v4i1.9363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32734/jcnar.v4i1.9363","url":null,"abstract":"The essential oil from garlic tubers (Allium sativum L) was isolated by hydrodistillation method using the Stahl apparatus. Garlic tubers were distilled for 4 to 5 hours to produce as much oil as 0.05% (w/ w). The chemical components of essential oil of garlic tubers were analyzed using GC-MS spectroscopy. The GC-MS results showed that there were 11 components with 5 main components, namely diallyl disulfide (44.98%), 1,3-diallyl tri sulfane (13.63%), allyl sulfide (13.06%), methyl allyl disulfide (11.87%), and methyl allyl trisulfide (4.84%). The antibacterial activity of essential oil of garlic tubers with diffusion method to use concentration variation of 5%, 10%, and 15% have strong antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus and have a medium to strong antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria like Escherichia coli. The antioxidant activity of the essential oil of garlic tubers with DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil) showed an IC50 value was 22.863 mg/L and a very strong antioxidant group.","PeriodicalId":15309,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Natural Resources","volume":"163 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77214266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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