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The neuropsychology of functional neurological disorders. 功能性神经紊乱的神经心理学。
IF 1.8 4区 心理学 Q3 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-05 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2024.2322798
Ryan Van Patten, John A Bellone
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引用次数: 0
Case study of invalid to valid shift in cognitive performance following successful treatment of psychogenic nonepileptic seizure events. 关于成功治疗精神性非癫痫发作事件后认知表现从无效到有效转变的案例研究。
IF 2.2 4区 心理学 Q3 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-27 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2024.2335600
Daniel L Drane, Kelsey C Hewitt, Michele E Price, Beth K Rush, Karen Blackmon, Noah Okada, Taylor Shade, Edward Valentin, Joseph Vinson, Phyllis Rosen, David W Loring

Patients with psychogenic nonepileptic seizure (PNES) who fail performance validity testing (PVT) may appear to produce non-valid cognitive profiles. Consequently, they may not get referred to treatment and events persist, with worsening disability and high resource utilization. As a result, we report pre- and post-treatment neuropsychological evaluation findings in a 59-year-old woman with a confirmed diagnosis of PNES established using video-EEG monitoring. At pre-treatment baseline neuropsychological evaluation, PNES events occurred weekly to daily. Performance was impaired across PVTs and across multiple cognitive domains. After behavioral intervention specific to PNES, these events substantially reduced in frequency to rare stress-induced flares. Post-treatment neuropsychological evaluation revealed marked improvement of most cognitive and behavioral scores from baseline, and valid PVT scores. We review predisposing, precipitating, and perpetuating factors for PNES and cognitive impairment in this case and discuss the patient's outcome from treatment. Effectively managing PNES events and dissociative tendencies while reducing unnecessary pharmacological interventions appears to have allowed this patient to function closer to her optimal state. This case illustrates the complexity of Functional Neurologic Disorder (FND) clinical presentation and challenges the assumption that suboptimal neuropsychological performance predicts poor treatment engagement and outcome. We showcase the reversibility of PNES and cognitive manifestations of FND using targeted psychotherapeutic interventions, which resulted in reduced disability and associated healthcare costs, as well as re-engagement in life.

未能通过表现有效性测试(PVT)的精神性非癫痫发作(PNES)患者可能会产生无效的认知特征。因此,他们可能不会被转介接受治疗,病情持续恶化,残疾程度加重,资源使用率高。因此,我们报告了一名通过视频脑电图监测确诊为 PNES 的 59 岁女性的治疗前后神经心理学评估结果。在治疗前的基线神经心理评估中,PNES 事件每周至每天都会发生。PVT和多个认知领域的表现均受损。经过针对 PNES 的行为干预后,这些事件的发生频率大大降低,仅有极少数由压力引起的发作。治疗后的神经心理学评估显示,大部分认知和行为评分较基线有明显改善,PVT 评分也有效。我们回顾了该病例中 PNES 和认知障碍的易感因素、诱发因素和持续因素,并讨论了患者的治疗结果。在减少不必要的药物干预的同时,有效控制 PNES 事件和分离倾向似乎使该患者的功能更接近其最佳状态。本病例说明了功能性神经障碍(FND)临床表现的复杂性,并对 "神经心理学表现不佳预示着治疗参与度和治疗效果不佳 "这一假设提出了质疑。我们通过有针对性的心理治疗干预,展示了 PNES 和 FND 认知表现的可逆性,从而减少了残疾和相关医疗费用,并使患者重新投入生活。
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引用次数: 0
The relationship of action, affect, and metacognition in functional seizures. 功能性癫痫发作中动作、情感和元认知的关系。
IF 2.2 4区 心理学 Q3 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-25 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2023.2287778
Johannes Jungilligens, Marie-Christin Flohr, Miriam Lange, Jörg Wellmer, Stoyan Popkirov

Introduction: Metacognition provides a lens through which individuals experience, interpret, and respond to their affective states and behavior; it might thus influence complex neuropsychiatric conditions such as functional seizures - events characterized by states of heightened affective arousal and the disinhibition of prepotent behavior. In this pilot study, we aimed to establish a better understanding of the role of metacognition in functional seizures and its relationship to affective arousal and behavioral disinhibition (i.e., problems in suppressing prepared behavior). We hypothesized that affective arousal is related to higher behavioral disinhibition as well as slower reaction times, that affect and action (performing vs. not performing a movement) are related to memory and metacognition, and that metacognition is related to illness characteristics.

Methods: We used a combination of an emotional go/no-go and a metacognitive recognition task with affectively valenced and neutral images in 18 patients with functional seizures. We compared markers of behavioral inhibition as well as indices for memory and metacognitive performance between affective (vs. neutral) and action/go (vs. inhibition/no-go) conditions.

Results: Contrary to our hypothesis, behavioral disinhibition was not different between conditions. However, we found slower reaction times for affectively valenced stimuli. Memory performance and metacognition were better for affectively valenced pictures and for pictures used in go trials (i.e., associated with action/performing the movement). Illness factors (illness duration, seizure frequency, levels of self-reported anxiety) were correlated with aspects of metacognition.

Conclusions: This pilot study offers first insights into alterations in metacognition related to action and affect in patients with functional seizures; specifically, that affectively valenced stimuli and active engagement are related to enhanced memory and metacognition. This relationship was also found with respect to illness factors. These results provide insight into potentially underlying pathomechanisms, although the lack of a control group limits evaluating the specificity of these findings.

引言:元认知提供了一个透镜,通过它个体体验、解释和回应他们的情感状态和行为;因此,它可能会影响复杂的神经精神疾病,如功能性癫痫发作——以情感觉醒增强和强势行为解除抑制为特征的事件。在本初步研究中,我们旨在更好地了解元认知在功能性癫痫发作中的作用及其与情感唤醒和行为解除抑制(即抑制准备行为的问题)的关系。我们假设,情感唤醒与更高的行为去抑制以及更慢的反应时间有关,情感和行动(进行或不进行某个运动)与记忆和元认知有关,而元认知与疾病特征有关。方法:我们对18例功能性癫痫患者采用情绪性去/不去和元认知识别任务相结合的方法。我们比较了情感(与中性)和行动/去(与抑制/不去)条件下的行为抑制标记以及记忆和元认知表现指数。结果:与我们的假设相反,行为去抑制在不同条件下没有差异。然而,我们发现对情感价值刺激的反应时间较慢。记忆表现和元认知能力对于有情感价值的图片和在围棋试验中使用的图片(即与动作/执行动作相关的图片)更好。疾病因素(病程、发作频率、自我报告的焦虑水平)与元认知的各个方面相关。结论:这项初步研究首次揭示了功能性癫痫发作患者与动作和影响相关的元认知改变;具体地说,有情感价值的刺激和积极参与与增强的记忆和元认知有关。在疾病因素方面也发现了这种关系。这些结果为潜在的潜在病理机制提供了见解,尽管缺乏对照组限制了评估这些发现的特异性。
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引用次数: 0
Factors perpetuating functional cognitive symptoms after mild traumatic brain injury. 轻度脑外伤后功能性认知症状的长期存在因素。
IF 2.2 4区 心理学 Q3 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-21 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2023.2247601
Edwina L Picon, Victoria Wardell, Daniela J Palombo, Rebecca M Todd, Bilal Aziz, Sanjana Bedi, Noah D Silverberg

Introduction: Self-reported memory difficulties (forgetting familiar names, misplacing objects) often persist long after a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), despite normal neuropsychological test performance. This clinical presentation may be a manifestation of a functional cognitive disorder (FCD). Several mechanisms underlying FCD have been proposed, including metacognitive impairment, memory perfectionism, and misdirected attention, as well as depression or anxiety-related explanations. This study aims to explore these candidate perpetuating factors in mTBI, to advance our understanding of why memory symptoms frequently persist following mTBI.

Methods: A cross-sectional study of 67 adults (n = 39 with mTBI mean = 25 months ago and n = 28 healthy controls). Participants completed standardized questionnaires (including the Functional Memory Disorder Inventory), a metacognitive task (to quantify discrepancies between their trial-by-trial accuracy and confidence), and a brief neuropsychological test battery. We assessed candidate mechanisms in two ways: (1) between-groups, comparing participants with mTBI to healthy controls, and (2) within-group, examining their associations with functional memory symptom severity (FMDI) in the mTBI group.

Results: Participants with mTBI performed similarly to controls on objective measures of memory ability but reported experiencing much more frequent memory lapses in daily life. Contrary to expectations, metacognitive efficiency did not differentiate the mTBI and control groups and was not associated with functional memory symptoms. Memory perfectionism was strongly associated with greater functional memory symptoms among participants with mTBI but did not differ between groups when accounting for age. Depression and checking behaviors produced consistent results across between-groups and within-group analyses: these factors were greater in the mTBI group compared to the control group and were associated with greater functional memory symptoms within the mTBI group.

Conclusions: This study highlights promising (e.g., depression, checking behaviors) and unlikely (e.g., metacognitive impairment) mechanisms underlying functional memory symptoms after mTBI, to guide future research and treatment.

导言:尽管神经心理学测试结果正常,但轻度脑外伤(mTBI)后很长时间内,自我报告的记忆障碍(忘记熟悉的名字、放错物品)往往持续存在。这种临床表现可能是功能性认知障碍(FCD)的一种表现形式。目前已提出了几种导致功能性认知障碍的机制,包括元认知障碍、记忆完美主义和注意力误导,以及抑郁或焦虑相关的解释。本研究旨在探讨 mTBI 中的这些候选致病因素,以加深我们对 mTBI 后记忆症状经常持续存在的原因的理解:这项横断面研究的对象是 67 名成年人(其中 39 人在 25 个月前患有 mTBI,28 人为健康对照组)。参与者完成了标准化问卷调查(包括功能性记忆障碍量表)、元认知任务(量化逐次试验的准确性和自信心之间的差异)和简短的神经心理学测试。我们从两个方面对候选机制进行了评估:(1)组间评估,将患有mTBI的参与者与健康对照组进行比较;(2)组内评估,检查候选机制与mTBI组功能性记忆症状严重程度(FMDI)之间的关联:结果:在记忆能力的客观测量中,mTBI 患者的表现与对照组相似,但他们在日常生活中的记忆缺失频率要高得多。与预期相反,元认知效率并不能区分 mTBI 组和对照组,也与功能性记忆症状无关。记忆完美主义与 mTBI 参与者更多的功能性记忆症状密切相关,但在考虑年龄因素后,各组之间并无差异。抑郁和检查行为在组间和组内分析中产生了一致的结果:与对照组相比,这些因素在mTBI组中更为突出,并且与mTBI组中更严重的功能性记忆症状有关:本研究强调了mTBI后功能性记忆症状的潜在机制(如抑郁、检查行为)和不潜在机制(如元认知障碍),以指导未来的研究和治疗。
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引用次数: 0
Objective and subjective neurocognitive functioning in functional motor symptoms and functional seizures: preliminary findings. 功能性运动症状和功能性癫痫的客观和主观神经认知功能:初步发现。
IF 2.2 4区 心理学 Q3 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-19 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2023.2245110
Susannah Pick, L S Merritt Millman, Yiqing Sun, Eleanor Short, Biba Stanton, Joel S Winston, Mitul A Mehta, Timothy R Nicholson, Antje A T S Reinders, Anthony S David, Mark J Edwards, Laura H Goldstein, Matthew Hotopf, Trudie Chalder

Introduction: This study aimed to provide a preliminary assessment of objective and subjective neurocognitive functioning in individuals with functional motor symptoms (FMS) and/or functional seizures (FS). We tested the hypotheses that the FMS/FS group would display poorer objective attentional and executive functioning, altered social cognition, and reduced metacognitive accuracy.

Method: Individuals with FMS/FS (n = 16) and healthy controls (HCs, n = 17) completed an abbreviated CANTAB battery, and measures of intellectual functioning, subjective cognitive complaints, performance validity, and comorbid symptoms. Subjective performance ratings were obtained to assess local metacognitive accuracy.

Results: The groups were comparable in age (p = 0.45), sex (p = 0.62), IQ (p = 0.57), and performance validity (p-values = 0.10-0.91). We observed no impairment on any CANTAB test in this FMS/FS sample compared to HCs, although the FMS/FS group displayed shorter reaction times on the Emotional Bias task (anger) (p = 0.01, np2 = 0.20). The groups did not differ in subjective performance ratings (p-values 0.15). Whilst CANTAB attentional set-shifting performance (total trials/errors) correlated with subjective performance ratings in HCs (p-values<0.005, rs = -0.85), these correlations were non-significant in the FMS/FS sample (p-values = 0.10-0.13, rs-values = -0.46-0.50). The FMS/FS group reported more daily cognitive complaints than HCs (p = 0.006, g = 0.92), which were associated with subjective performance ratings on CANTAB sustained attention (p = 0.001, rs = -0.74) and working memory tests (p < 0.001, rs = -0.75), and with depression (p = 0.003, rs = 0.70), and somatoform (p = 0.003, rs = 0.70) and psychological dissociation (p-values<0.005, rs-values = 0.67-0.85).

Conclusions: These results suggest a discordance between objective and subjective neurocognitive functioning in this FMS/FS sample, reflecting intact test performance alongside poorer subjective cognitive functioning. Further investigation of neurocognitive functioning in FND subgroups is necessary.

引言:本研究旨在对患有功能性运动症状(FMS)和/或功能性癫痫(FS)的个体的客观和主观神经认知功能进行初步评估。我们测试了FMS/FS组的客观注意和执行功能较差、社会认知改变和元认知准确性降低的假设。方法:患有FMS/FS的个体(n=16)和健康对照组(HC,n=17)完成了一个简短的CANTAB组,并测量了智力功能、主观认知抱怨、表现有效性和共病症状。获得主观表现评分以评估局部元认知准确性。结果:两组在年龄(p=0.45)、性别(p=0.62)、智商(p=0.57)和成绩有效性(p值=0.10-0.91)方面具有可比性。与HCs相比,我们在该FMS/FS样本中的任何CANTAB测试均未观察到损伤,尽管FMS/FS组在情绪偏差任务(愤怒)上表现出较短的反应时间(p=0.01,np2=0.20)。两组在主观表现评级上没有差异(p值0.15)。而CANTAB注意力转移表现(总尝试/错误)与HC的主观表现评级相关(p值ss=-0.85),这些相关性在FMS/FS样本中不显著(p值=0.10-0.13,rs值=-0.46-0.50)。FMS/FS组报告的日常认知投诉比HC组多(p=0.006,g=0.92),这与CANTAB持续注意力(p=0.001,rs=-0.74)和工作记忆测试(p s=-0.75)的主观表现评分有关,抑郁症(p=0.003,rs=0.70)、躯体形态(p=0.003、rs=0.07)和心理分离(p值-值=0.67-0.85)。结论:这些结果表明,在该FMS/FS样本中,客观和主观神经认知功能不一致,反映了完整的测试表现和较差的主观认知功能。有必要进一步研究FND亚组的神经认知功能。
{"title":"Objective and subjective neurocognitive functioning in functional motor symptoms and functional seizures: preliminary findings.","authors":"Susannah Pick, L S Merritt Millman, Yiqing Sun, Eleanor Short, Biba Stanton, Joel S Winston, Mitul A Mehta, Timothy R Nicholson, Antje A T S Reinders, Anthony S David, Mark J Edwards, Laura H Goldstein, Matthew Hotopf, Trudie Chalder","doi":"10.1080/13803395.2023.2245110","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13803395.2023.2245110","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study aimed to provide a preliminary assessment of objective and subjective neurocognitive functioning in individuals with functional motor symptoms (FMS) and/or functional seizures (FS). We tested the hypotheses that the FMS/FS group would display poorer objective attentional and executive functioning, altered social cognition, and reduced metacognitive accuracy.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Individuals with FMS/FS (n = 16) and healthy controls (HCs, n = 17) completed an abbreviated CANTAB battery, and measures of intellectual functioning, subjective cognitive complaints, performance validity, and comorbid symptoms. Subjective performance ratings were obtained to assess local metacognitive accuracy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The groups were comparable in age (p = 0.45), sex (p = 0.62), IQ (p = 0.57), and performance validity (p-values = 0.10-0.91). We observed no impairment on any CANTAB test in this FMS/FS sample compared to HCs, although the FMS/FS group displayed shorter reaction times on the Emotional Bias task (anger) (p = 0.01, np2 = 0.20). The groups did not differ in subjective performance ratings (p-values 0.15). Whilst CANTAB attentional set-shifting performance (total trials/errors) correlated with subjective performance ratings in HCs (p-values<0.005, r<sub>s</sub> = -0.85), these correlations were non-significant in the FMS/FS sample (p-values = 0.10-0.13, r<sub>s</sub>-values = -0.46-0.50). The FMS/FS group reported more daily cognitive complaints than HCs (p = 0.006, g = 0.92), which were associated with subjective performance ratings on CANTAB sustained attention (p = 0.001, r<sub>s</sub> = -0.74) and working memory tests (p < 0.001, r<sub>s</sub> = -0.75), and with depression (p = 0.003, r<sub>s</sub> = 0.70), and somatoform (p = 0.003, r<sub>s</sub> = 0.70) and psychological dissociation (p-values<0.005, r<sub>s</sub>-values = 0.67-0.85).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results suggest a discordance between objective and subjective neurocognitive functioning in this FMS/FS sample, reflecting intact test performance alongside poorer subjective cognitive functioning. Further investigation of neurocognitive functioning in FND subgroups is necessary.</p>","PeriodicalId":15382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"970-987"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11057846/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41147246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Action control and selection in social disinhibition following severe TBI: a pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer and outcome devaluation study. 严重创伤性脑损伤后社交抑制中的行动控制和选择:一项从帕夫洛维亚到工具转移和结果贬值的研究。
IF 2.2 4区 心理学 Q3 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2023-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-06 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2024.2313257
Michaela Filipčíková, Bernard Balleine, Fiona Kumfor, Skye McDonald

Introduction: Social disinhibition is a significant sequela of severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Some research suggests that it could reflect a deficiency in goal-directed behavior. The current study aimed to test whether these inappropriate behaviors tend to be deficient in goal-directed control, that is, triggered more by environmental stimuli than by the known consequences of their actions.

Method: We used a between-group design with 25 adult participants with severe TBI, and 27 control participants. Social disinhibition was measured using Frontal Systems Behavior Scale and Social Disinhibition Interview. Changes in reward-related goal-directed behavior were evaluated using a computer-based task in which we assessed the influence of cues predicting reward and of reward devaluation on choice performance.

Results: We found no difference in the levels of social disinhibition between the TBI and control groups and, using mixed two-way ANCOVAs, no overall effect of the stimuli or outcome devaluation. However, after combing these groups and splitting them based on their disinhibition levels, a significant interaction between group (High vs Low disinhibition) and reward type (Valued vs Devalued) in sensitivity to outcome devaluation test (F = 5.99, p = .01, ηp2 = .13) appeared. Comparing with the baseline rate of responding, the Low disinhibition group decreased their responding to devalued and increased their responding to still-valued outcomes. In contrast, the High disinhibition group showed the opposite pattern of choice performance.

Conclusions: It appears that people with clinical levels of social disinhibition are both prone to outcome-response priming effects and insensitive to changes in the value of the consequences of their actions, that is, despite evidence they were aware of the reduction in the value of their actions's outcomes, people with high-level disinhibition kept performing those actions. This pattern has the hallmarks of a habit suggesting their disinhibition reflects a loss of executive control.

简介:社交抑制是严重创伤性脑损伤(TBI)的重要后遗症:社交抑制是严重创伤性脑损伤(TBI)的一个重要后遗症。一些研究表明,这可能反映了目标导向行为的缺陷。本研究旨在测试这些不当行为是否往往缺乏目标导向控制,即更多地由环境刺激而非其行为的已知后果引发:我们采用了组间设计,25 名患有严重创伤性脑损伤的成年参与者和 27 名对照组参与者参加了研究。社交抑制通过额叶系统行为量表和社交抑制访谈进行测量。我们使用一项基于计算机的任务来评估与奖励相关的目标导向行为的变化,在这项任务中,我们评估了预测奖励的线索和奖励贬值对选择表现的影响:结果:我们发现创伤性脑损伤组和对照组的社交抑制水平没有差异,而且使用混合双向方差分析,刺激或结果贬值也没有总体影响。然而,在对这些组别进行梳理并根据他们的抑制水平进行拆分后,组别(高抑制 vs 低抑制)和奖励类型(有价值 vs 无价值)对结果贬值测试的敏感性之间出现了显著的交互作用(F = 5.99,p = 0.01,ηp2 = 0.13)。与基线反应率相比,低抑制组减少了对贬值结果的反应,增加了对仍有价值结果的反应。相比之下,高抑制组的选择表现则与之相反:这就是说,尽管有证据表明他们意识到自己行为的结果价值降低了,但高抑制水平的人仍然继续执行这些行为。这种模式具有习惯的特征,表明他们的抑制反映了执行控制能力的丧失。
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引用次数: 0
Group environment modulates how third parties assess unfairly shared losses and unfairly shared gains: neural signatures from ERPs and EEG oscillations. 群体环境调节第三方如何评估不公平分享的损失和不公平分享的收益:来自 ERP 和 EEG 振荡的神经特征。
IF 2.2 4区 心理学 Q3 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2023-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-11 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2024.2313258
Lihong Ao, Yuan Gao, Lei Yang, XinYu Du, He Wang, Yingjie Liu

Introduction: Through its long-term evolution and development, human society has gradually formed stable and effective norms to maintain normal social production and social activities. Altruistic punishment is indispensable in maintaining social norms. Altruistic punishment includes second-party and third-party punishment, and third-party punishment refers to punishing violators by unbiased bystanders who have not suffered damage to their interests. Cooperation is an important form of human social interaction. Third parties play an essential role in maintaining social cooperation. Third parties' behaviors in maintaining cooperative norms may be related to their social environment.

Method: We used the prisoner's dilemma (PD) game and distinguished between the gain and loss contexts of the economy to explore how the group environment modulates the cognitive neural mechanisms and psychological processing of the third-party punishment decision. Twenty-six college students (Mage = 19.88 ± 1.58) participated in the experiment; data from four participants were excluded from analyses of the EEG data due to large artifacts.

Results: The behavioral results show that the degree of punishment from the third party in a loss context was greater than in a gain context. ERP analysis results show that the third party applied a lower P300 in the loss context. The loss context induced a greater N100 than the gain context in the individual environment. At the same time, alpha-band power activated by the individual environment was greater than that activated by the group environment under the gain context.

Conclusion: These results suggest that a third party maintaining the norms of social cooperation in different contexts will adjust punishment decisions according to the environment, and this process is mainly dominated by the negative emotions caused by environment.

引言人类社会经过长期的演变和发展,逐渐形成了稳定有效的规范,以维持正常的社会生产和社会活动。利他惩罚是维护社会规范不可或缺的手段。利他惩罚包括第二方惩罚和第三方惩罚,第三方惩罚是指利益未受损害的不偏不倚的旁观者对违法者进行惩罚。合作是人类社会交往的重要形式。第三方在维护社会合作方面发挥着至关重要的作用。第三方维护合作规范的行为可能与其所处的社会环境有关:我们使用囚徒困境(PD)博弈,并区分了经济中的收益和损失环境,以探讨群体环境如何调节第三方惩罚决策的认知神经机制和心理过程。26名大学生(Mage = 19.88 ± 1.58)参加了实验;在分析脑电图数据时,有4名参与者的数据因较大的伪影而被排除:行为结果表明,在损失情境中,第三方的惩罚程度大于收益情境。ERP分析结果显示,在损失情境中,第三方施加的P300较低。在个体环境中,损失情境诱发的 N100 比收益情境更大。与此同时,个体环境激活的阿尔法波段功率大于增益情境下群体环境激活的阿尔法波段功率:这些结果表明,在不同环境中保持社会合作规范的第三方会根据环境调整惩罚决定,而这一过程主要受环境引起的负面情绪的支配。
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引用次数: 0
Relationship between reaction time variability on go/no go tasks and neuropsychological functioning in younger and older adults. 年轻人和老年人在进行 "走"/"不走 "任务时的反应时间变异性与神经心理功能之间的关系。
IF 2.2 4区 心理学 Q3 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2023-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-18 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2024.2319266
Naotoshi Kimura, Daisuke Hirano, Hana Yano, Keita Taniguchi, Takamichi Taniguchi

Introduction: Early detection of cognitive impairment in older adults is important for the prevention of dementia. Intra-individual variability in reaction time (IIV-RT) during go/no-go tasks can be used for the early detection of cognitive impairment in older adults living in the community. This study aimed to determine the relationship between IIV-RT and cognitive function during go/no-go tasks and the cutoff values for determining the risk of cognitive impairment in community-dwelling older adults.

Methods: This study included 31 older adults without cognitive impairment, 15 community-dwelling older adults with cognitive impairment, and 34 healthy young adults. All participants performed a go/no-go task to assess the IIV-RT. Additionally, older adults underwent neuropsychological testing. Based on the results of the Japanese version of the Montreal Test of Cognitive Abilities (MoCA-J), older adults were divided into those with normal cognition and those with cognitive impairment.

Results: There were significant differences in the IIV-RT among groups, including a higher IIV in the cognitively impaired group than in young adults and cognitively normal older adults. Moreover, the IIV-RT was correlated with the MoCA-J (r =  -0.531, p < 0.001), Trail Making Test Part A (r = 0.571, p < 0.001), and Verbal Fluency Test scores (r =  -0.442, p = 0.002). Receiver operating curve analysis showed that the area under the curve for IIV-RT was 0.935, and the cutoff value at which the IIV-RT identified cognitive impairment was 25.37%.

Conclusions: These findings indicate that the IIV-RT during go/no-go tasks is a useful early indicator of cognitive impairment in community-dwelling older adults.

简介早期发现老年人的认知障碍对预防痴呆症非常重要。去/不去任务中反应时间的个体内变异性(IIV-RT)可用于早期检测社区老年人的认知功能障碍。本研究旨在确定 IIV-RT 与执行去/不去任务时认知功能之间的关系,以及确定社区老年人认知障碍风险的临界值:这项研究包括 31 名无认知障碍的老年人、15 名有认知障碍的社区老年人和 34 名健康的年轻人。所有参与者都进行了 "走/不走 "任务,以评估 IIV-RT。此外,老年人还接受了神经心理测试。根据日语版蒙特利尔认知能力测试(MoCA-J)的结果,老年人被分为认知正常和认知障碍两种:各组之间的 IIV-RT 存在明显差异,其中认知障碍组的 IIV 值高于年轻人和认知正常的老年人。此外,IIV-RT 与 MoCA-J 存在相关性(r = -0.531,p r = 0.571,p r = -0.442,p = 0.002)。接收者操作曲线分析显示,IIV-RT 的曲线下面积为 0.935,IIV-RT 识别认知障碍的临界值为 25.37%:这些研究结果表明,在进行 "走/不走 "任务时,IIV-RT 是社区老年人认知功能障碍的一个有用的早期指标。
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引用次数: 0
Relevance of neurocognition in chronic pain syndrome: a systematic and methodical approach. 神经认知在慢性疼痛综合征中的相关性:一种系统的方法论。
IF 2.2 4区 心理学 Q3 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2023-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-26 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2024.2314732
Janna Schmidt, Michael Fritz, Matthias Weisbrod

Introduction: Subjective and objective deficits in neurocognitive domains are well-documented in patients with chronic pain. However, neurocognitive deficits have not been investigated consistently. The main objective of this study was to conduct a comprehensive assessment of self-rated and objectively assessed cognitive differences between patients with chronic pain (CP) and healthy controls (HC).

Method: The cognitive functioning of 40 CP and 41 HC was assessed using a standardized computer-based test battery, enabling a comparison of subjective and objective neurocognitive factors. To achieve this, the Vienna Test System (VTS) was utilized, incorporating standardized tests from the Cognitive Basic Assessment Battery (COGBAT) with the advantage of objectivity, reliability, validity, efficiency, utility, and standardization. This approach enables the evaluation of cognitive functioning across all pertinent domains.

Results: CP reported cognitive deficits in overall performance as well as specific functions, such as attention, memory, and executive functions. Across all neurocognitive domains, CP showed a poorer performance. Affected subdomains of attention were intensity and selectivity of attention. Lower performance was found also in concentration performance, obtaining and overview, visual orientation performance and reactive stress tolerance. Regarding memory, CP performed worse in figural episodic memory and recognition tasks. In addition, CP exhibited poorer performance in mental flexibility, working memory, planning ability, and inhibition as components of executive functioning, when compared to HC.

Conclusions: CP expressed subjective cognitive deficits and demonstrated impaired neurocognitive performance.

简介慢性疼痛患者在神经认知领域的主观和客观缺陷已得到充分证实。然而,神经认知缺陷尚未得到持续调查。本研究的主要目的是全面评估慢性疼痛患者(CP)和健康对照组(HC)之间自我评定和客观评估的认知差异:方法:使用基于计算机的标准化测试对 40 名慢性疼痛患者和 41 名健康对照者的认知功能进行评估,以便对主观和客观神经认知因素进行比较。为此,我们使用了维也纳测试系统(VTS),该系统结合了认知基础评估电池(COGBAT)中的标准化测试,具有客观性、可靠性、有效性、高效性、实用性和标准化等优点。这种方法可对所有相关领域的认知功能进行评估:慢性阻塞性脑损伤患者在整体表现以及特定功能(如注意力、记忆力和执行功能)方面均存在认知缺陷。在所有神经认知领域,CP 的表现都较差。受影响的注意力子域包括注意力的强度和选择性。注意力集中度、获取和概括能力、视觉定向能力和反应性压力耐受力的表现也较差。在记忆方面,CP 在形象外显记忆和识别任务中表现较差。此外,作为执行功能的组成部分,CP 在心理灵活性、工作记忆、计划能力和抑制能力方面的表现也比 HC 差:CP表现出主观认知缺陷,并表现出神经认知功能受损。
{"title":"Relevance of neurocognition in chronic pain syndrome: a systematic and methodical approach.","authors":"Janna Schmidt, Michael Fritz, Matthias Weisbrod","doi":"10.1080/13803395.2024.2314732","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13803395.2024.2314732","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Subjective and objective deficits in neurocognitive domains are well-documented in patients with chronic pain. However, neurocognitive deficits have not been investigated consistently. The main objective of this study was to conduct a comprehensive assessment of self-rated and objectively assessed cognitive differences between patients with chronic pain (CP) and healthy controls (HC).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The cognitive functioning of 40 CP and 41 HC was assessed using a standardized computer-based test battery, enabling a comparison of subjective and objective neurocognitive factors. To achieve this, the Vienna Test System (VTS) was utilized, incorporating standardized tests from the Cognitive Basic Assessment Battery (COGBAT) with the advantage of objectivity, reliability, validity, efficiency, utility, and standardization. This approach enables the evaluation of cognitive functioning across all pertinent domains.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CP reported cognitive deficits in overall performance as well as specific functions, such as attention, memory, and executive functions. Across all neurocognitive domains, CP showed a poorer performance. Affected subdomains of attention were intensity and selectivity of attention. Lower performance was found also in concentration performance, obtaining and overview, visual orientation performance and reactive stress tolerance. Regarding memory, CP performed worse in figural episodic memory and recognition tasks. In addition, CP exhibited poorer performance in mental flexibility, working memory, planning ability, and inhibition as components of executive functioning, when compared to HC.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CP expressed subjective cognitive deficits and demonstrated impaired neurocognitive performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":15382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"874-889"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139972004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Functional connectivity in rumination: a systematic review of magnetic resonance imaging studies. 反刍的功能连接:磁共振成像研究的系统回顾。
IF 2.2 4区 心理学 Q3 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2023-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-12 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2024.2315312
Emre Mısır, Yasemin Hoşgören Alıcı, Orhan Murat Kocak

Introduction: Rumination, defined as intrusive and repetitive thoughts in response to negative emotions, uncertainty, and inconsistency between goal and current situation, is a significant risk factor for depressive disorders. The rumination literature presents diverse findings on functional connectivity and shows heterogeneity in research methods. This systematic review seeks to integrate these findings and provide readers diverse perspectives.

Method: For this purpose, the literature on functional connectivity in rumination was reviewed according to the PRISMA guidelines. Regional connectivity and network connectivity results were scrutinized according to the presence of depression, research methods, and type of rumination. After screening 492 articles, a total of 36 studies were included.

Results: The results showed that increased connectivity of the default mode network (DMN) was consistently reported. Other important findings include alterations in the connectivity between the DMN and the frontoparietal network and the salience network (SN) and impaired regulatory function of the SN. Region-level connectivity studies consistently show that increased connectivity between the posterior cingulate cortex and the prefrontal cortex is associated with rumination, which may cause the loss of control of the frontoparietal network over self-referential processes. We have seen that the number of studies examining brooding and reflective rumination as separate dimensions are relatively limited. Although there are overlaps between the connectivity patterns of the two types of rumination in these studies, it can be thought that reflective rumination is more associated with more increased functional connectivity of the prefrontal cortex.

Conclusions: Although there are many consistent functional connectivity outcomes associated with trait rumination, less is known about connectivity changes during state rumination. Relatively few studies have taken into account the subjective aspect of this thinking style. In order to better explain the relationship between rumination and depression, rumination induction studies during episode and remission periods of depression are needed.

简介反刍被定义为针对负面情绪、不确定性以及目标与现状不一致而产生的侵入性和重复性想法,是抑郁障碍的一个重要风险因素。反刍文献对功能连接性的研究结果各不相同,研究方法也不尽相同。本系统综述旨在整合这些研究结果,为读者提供不同的视角:为此,我们根据 PRISMA 指南对有关反刍的功能连通性的文献进行了综述。根据是否存在抑郁、研究方法和反刍类型,对区域连通性和网络连通性结果进行了仔细研究。在筛选了492篇文章后,共纳入了36项研究:结果显示,默认模式网络(DMN)的连通性增加是一致的报道。其他重要发现包括默认模式网络与额顶网络和显著性网络(SN)之间的连通性发生改变,以及显著性网络的调节功能受损。区域层面的连通性研究一致表明,后扣带回皮层和前额叶皮层之间的连通性增加与反刍有关,这可能会导致顶叶网络对自我参照过程失去控制。我们已经看到,将耿耿于怀和反思性反刍作为独立维度进行研究的数量相对有限。虽然在这些研究中,两种反刍的连接模式存在重叠,但可以认为反思性反刍与前额叶皮层功能连接的增加更有关联:结论:尽管与特质反刍相关的功能连接结果很多是一致的,但人们对状态反刍时的连接变化却知之甚少。考虑到这种思维方式的主观方面的研究相对较少。为了更好地解释反刍与抑郁症之间的关系,需要对抑郁症发作期和缓解期进行反刍诱导研究。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology
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