Pub Date : 2024-07-01Epub Date: 2024-05-30DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2024.2357362
Eva-Flore Msika, Marc Verny, Bénédicte Dieudonné, Nathalie Ehrlé, Alexandre Gaston-Bellegarde, Eric Orriols, Pascale Piolino, Pauline Narme
Introduction: Few studies have focused on social cognition in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), even though some brain structures being well known as underlying social cognitive processes are directly impacted in this disease. Furthermore, social cognition processes have been mostly studied independently using evaluations with poor ecological validity. We aimed at studying the ability of a new naturalistic and multidimensional social cognition task to reveal impairments in DLB patients. We chose to compare the profile of these patients with that of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, for which social cognition is better preserved.
Method: Fifteen patients (DLB: n = 7; AD: n = 8) and 28 healthy controls underwent the REALSoCog task. They encountered several social situations (e.g. control versus transgressions) in a non-immersive virtual city environment allowing the assessment of moral cognition, cognitive and affective theory of mind (ToM), emotional empathy and behavioral intentions.
Results: The main results showed (i) a lower ability to detect transgressions in DLB patients, particularly conventional ones, whereas moral cognition seemed better preserved in AD patients; (ii) a cognitive ToM impairment in both DLB and AD patients, while affective ToM is impaired only in DLB patients; (iii) a decreased emotional empathy specifically observed in DLB patients; (iv) more inappropriate behavioral intentions, mainly in DLB patients, but also in some AD patients.
Conclusions: This study suggests the feasibility and potential interest of the REALSoCog task in revealing social cognition deficits, particularly for DLB patients by showing different social patterns as compared to AD patients. These results offer interesting clinical perspectives to develop more naturalistic tasks in such populations and for clinical differential diagnosis. Limitations and future perspectives are discussed.
{"title":"Multidimensional assessment of social cognition using non-immersive virtual reality in dementia with Lewy bodies and Alzheimer's disease: an exploratory study.","authors":"Eva-Flore Msika, Marc Verny, Bénédicte Dieudonné, Nathalie Ehrlé, Alexandre Gaston-Bellegarde, Eric Orriols, Pascale Piolino, Pauline Narme","doi":"10.1080/13803395.2024.2357362","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13803395.2024.2357362","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Few studies have focused on social cognition in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), even though some brain structures being well known as underlying social cognitive processes are directly impacted in this disease. Furthermore, social cognition processes have been mostly studied independently using evaluations with poor ecological validity. We aimed at studying the ability of a new naturalistic and multidimensional social cognition task to reveal impairments in DLB patients. We chose to compare the profile of these patients with that of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, for which social cognition is better preserved.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Fifteen patients (DLB: <i>n</i> = 7; AD: <i>n</i> = 8) and 28 healthy controls underwent the REALSoCog task. They encountered several social situations (e.g. control versus transgressions) in a non-immersive virtual city environment allowing the assessment of moral cognition, cognitive and affective theory of mind (ToM), emotional empathy and behavioral intentions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The main results showed (i) a lower ability to detect transgressions in DLB patients, particularly conventional ones, whereas moral cognition seemed better preserved in AD patients; (ii) a cognitive ToM impairment in both DLB and AD patients, while affective ToM is impaired only in DLB patients; (iii) a decreased emotional empathy specifically observed in DLB patients; (iv) more inappropriate behavioral intentions, mainly in DLB patients, but also in some AD patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study suggests the feasibility and potential interest of the REALSoCog task in revealing social cognition deficits, particularly for DLB patients by showing different social patterns as compared to AD patients. These results offer interesting clinical perspectives to develop more naturalistic tasks in such populations and for clinical differential diagnosis. Limitations and future perspectives are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":15382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141174012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01Epub Date: 2024-06-05DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2024.2359744
Christine Resch, Esther Keulers, Rosa Martens, Gerard van Breukelen, Caroline M van Heugten, Wenying Hou, Petra P M Hurks
Introduction: Design fluency (DF) tasks are commonly used to assess executive functions such as attentional control, cognitive flexibility, self-monitoring and strategy use. Next to the total number of correct designs, the standard outcome of a DF task, clustering and switching can help disentangle the processes underlying DF performance. We present the first longitudinal study of 4-8-year-old children's developmental DF trajectories.
Method: At initial enrollment, children (n = 228) were aged between 4.05 and 6.88 years (M = 5.18, SD = 0.59) and attended Dutch primary schools. The DF task was administered at three time points, each time point separated by approximately 1 year. Data were analyzed using mixed regression for total number of correct designs and switching, and mixed logistic regression analysis for clustering.
Results: The total number of correct designs increased linearly across the three time points. Across all time points, children made very few clusters, and most clusters consisted of only 3 designs. Clustering only increased at the third assessment compared to the two previous assessments. Switching increased up to the second assessment, but not after that. The number of switches was highly correlated with the total number of correct designs at all time points (r = 0.78 to r = 0.85). These developmental trajectories were similar for all children regardless of their baseline age. Normative data are given for the total number of correct designs and switching.
Conclusions: Children as of age 4 onwards can perform a DF task. For children as young as 4-8 years old, computing clustering, and switching measures is of limited value to study cognitive processes underlying DF performance, next to the total number of correct designs. There were no sex differences on any of the DF outcomes. Level of parental education (LPE) was positively associated with the total number of correct designs and switching.
{"title":"Young children's performance on a design fluency task: longitudinal data on total number of designs, clustering and switching, and regression-based norms.","authors":"Christine Resch, Esther Keulers, Rosa Martens, Gerard van Breukelen, Caroline M van Heugten, Wenying Hou, Petra P M Hurks","doi":"10.1080/13803395.2024.2359744","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13803395.2024.2359744","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Design fluency (DF) tasks are commonly used to assess executive functions such as attentional control, cognitive flexibility, self-monitoring and strategy use. Next to the total number of correct designs, the standard outcome of a DF task, clustering and switching can help disentangle the processes underlying DF performance. We present the first longitudinal study of 4-8-year-old children's developmental DF trajectories.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>At initial enrollment, children (<i>n</i> = 228) were aged between 4.05 and 6.88 years (<i>M</i> = 5.18, SD = 0.59) and attended Dutch primary schools. The DF task was administered at three time points, each time point separated by approximately 1 year. Data were analyzed using mixed regression for total number of correct designs and switching, and mixed logistic regression analysis for clustering.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The total number of correct designs increased linearly across the three time points. Across all time points, children made very few clusters, and most clusters consisted of only 3 designs. Clustering only increased at the third assessment compared to the two previous assessments. Switching increased up to the second assessment, but not after that. The number of switches was highly correlated with the total number of correct designs at all time points (<i>r</i> = 0.78 to <i>r</i> = 0.85). These developmental trajectories were similar for all children regardless of their baseline age. Normative data are given for the total number of correct designs and switching.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Children as of age 4 onwards can perform a DF task. For children as young as 4-8 years old, computing clustering, and switching measures is of limited value to study cognitive processes underlying DF performance, next to the total number of correct designs. There were no sex differences on any of the DF outcomes. Level of parental education (LPE) was positively associated with the total number of correct designs and switching.</p>","PeriodicalId":15382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141247756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01Epub Date: 2024-05-02DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2024.2348213
Yosefa A Modiano, Steven Paul Woods
Introduction: Episodic memory disruptions in epilepsy stem from shared neurocircuitry. While prior research has focused on retrospective memory (RM), prospective memory (PM; i.e. remembering to remember) also deserves consideration given its critical role in the management of daily activities. The current investigation assessed whether PM is associated with disability and quality of life in people with epilepsy.
Methods: This cross-sectional, correlational study included a consecutive series of 50 people with epilepsy presenting for neuropsychological evaluation who completed the Royal Prince Alfred Prospective Memory Test (RPA) and Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire (PRMQ) and 63 demographically comparable healthy adults. The participants with epilepsy also completed clinical measures of neuropsychological ability and questionnaires assessing disability and quality of life.
Results: People with epilepsy had significantly more frequent memory symptoms as compared to healthy adults at a very large effect size. Worse mood was associated with lower PM ability at a medium effect size and more frequent PM symptoms at a large effect size. A hierarchical linear regression indicated that PM explained 52% of the variance in disability and 43% of the variance in quality of life after accounting for RM ability.
Conclusions: PM is associated with poorer everyday functioning among people with epilepsy and shows evidence of incremental value beyond RM ability in that regard. Future studies are needed to understand the complex pathways from PM to functional limitations to inform clinical intervention.
{"title":"Prospective memory is associated with aspects of disability and quality of life in people with epilepsy.","authors":"Yosefa A Modiano, Steven Paul Woods","doi":"10.1080/13803395.2024.2348213","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13803395.2024.2348213","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Episodic memory disruptions in epilepsy stem from shared neurocircuitry. While prior research has focused on retrospective memory (RM), prospective memory (PM; i.e. remembering to remember) also deserves consideration given its critical role in the management of daily activities. The current investigation assessed whether PM is associated with disability and quality of life in people with epilepsy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional, correlational study included a consecutive series of 50 people with epilepsy presenting for neuropsychological evaluation who completed the Royal Prince Alfred Prospective Memory Test (RPA) and Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire (PRMQ) and 63 demographically comparable healthy adults. The participants with epilepsy also completed clinical measures of neuropsychological ability and questionnaires assessing disability and quality of life.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>People with epilepsy had significantly more frequent memory symptoms as compared to healthy adults at a very large effect size. Worse mood was associated with lower PM ability at a medium effect size and more frequent PM symptoms at a large effect size. A hierarchical linear regression indicated that PM explained 52% of the variance in disability and 43% of the variance in quality of life after accounting for RM ability.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>PM is associated with poorer everyday functioning among people with epilepsy and shows evidence of incremental value beyond RM ability in that regard. Future studies are needed to understand the complex pathways from PM to functional limitations to inform clinical intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":15382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140849174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01Epub Date: 2024-04-28DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2024.2348214
Julie Remaud, Jérémy Besnard, Sébastien Barbarot, Arnaud Roy
Introduction: Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a genetic pathology that can lead to impaired social functioning that has a negative impact on patients' quality of life. To date, although the hypothesis of impaired social cognition has been proposed as a potential explanation for these difficulties, very few studies have focused on theory of mind in children with NF1. Furthermore, other complex sociocognitive abilities have never been investigated. The aim of the present study was to assess theory of mind, moral reasoning, and social information processing in children with NF1 compared with a control group.
Method: We administered the Paediatric Evaluation of Emotions, Relationships and Socialization® to 38 children with NF1 aged between 8 years and 16 years 11 months (mean = 11.4, SD = 2.3) and 43 control children with comparable sociodemographic characteristics.
Results: Patients performed significantly worse than controls on moral reasoning and social information processing tests, but there was no significant difference on theory of mind.
Conclusions: These results seem to confirm the presence of social cognition difficulties in NF1 that could explain, at least in part, their social difficulties, although not all dimensions are concerned. The differences between the processes we assessed are discussed in relation to the methodologies used to measure them, and raises questions about the complementarity of traditional tools and more ecological assessments.
{"title":"Social cognition in children with neurofibromatosis type 1.","authors":"Julie Remaud, Jérémy Besnard, Sébastien Barbarot, Arnaud Roy","doi":"10.1080/13803395.2024.2348214","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13803395.2024.2348214","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a genetic pathology that can lead to impaired social functioning that has a negative impact on patients' quality of life. To date, although the hypothesis of impaired social cognition has been proposed as a potential explanation for these difficulties, very few studies have focused on theory of mind in children with NF1. Furthermore, other complex sociocognitive abilities have never been investigated. The aim of the present study was to assess theory of mind, moral reasoning, and social information processing in children with NF1 compared with a control group.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We administered the Paediatric Evaluation of Emotions, Relationships and Socialization® to 38 children with NF1 aged between 8 years and 16 years 11 months (mean = 11.4, <i>SD</i> = 2.3) and 43 control children with comparable sociodemographic characteristics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients performed significantly worse than controls on moral reasoning and social information processing tests, but there was no significant difference on theory of mind.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results seem to confirm the presence of social cognition difficulties in NF1 that could explain, at least in part, their social difficulties, although not all dimensions are concerned. The differences between the processes we assessed are discussed in relation to the methodologies used to measure them, and raises questions about the complementarity of traditional tools and more ecological assessments.</p>","PeriodicalId":15382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140859660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01Epub Date: 2024-05-04DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2024.2350577
Dhruvi M Mehta, Steven Paul Woods, Nneka Akpotaire
Introduction: People living with HIV (PLWH) often experience difficulties in everyday functioning, which can arise in part from deficits in the strategic/executive aspects of prospective memory (PM). Using Suchy's Contextually Valid Executive Assessment (ConVExA) framework, this study sought to determine whether the contextual factors of busyness and routine moderate the relationship between the strategic/executive aspects of PM and everyday functioning in older PLWH.
Methods: Participants in this cross-sectional analysis were 145 PLWH aged 50 years and older who had completed the Martin and Park Environmental Demands (MPED) questionnaire of routine and busyness, the performance-based Cambridge Test of Prospective Memory, and self-report measures of activities of daily living (ADLs) and cognitive symptoms in daily life.
Results: Multiple regression analyses covarying for relevant comorbidities showed that higher levels of busyness - but not routine - were associated with more frequent cognitive symptoms in daily life. Neither busyness nor routine interacted with PM in association with cognitive symptoms. However, routine and a strategic/executive measure of PM interacted in predicting ADLs; specifically, the association between time-based PM and ADLs was stronger in persons with higher levels of routine in their daily lives. Parallel analyses with less executively-demanding event-based PM were null and small.
Conclusions: Overall, findings provided mixed - and unexpected - evidence for the associations between contextual factors (i.e. routine and busyness), everyday functioning, and PM in this sample of older adults with HIV disease. Results and clinical implications are interpreted and discussed in the framework of the ConVExA model.
{"title":"An evaluation of the moderating effects of routine and busyness on the relationship between prospective memory and everyday functioning in older persons with HIV disease.","authors":"Dhruvi M Mehta, Steven Paul Woods, Nneka Akpotaire","doi":"10.1080/13803395.2024.2350577","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13803395.2024.2350577","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>People living with HIV (PLWH) often experience difficulties in everyday functioning, which can arise in part from deficits in the strategic/executive aspects of prospective memory (PM). Using Suchy's Contextually Valid Executive Assessment (ConVExA) framework, this study sought to determine whether the contextual factors of busyness and routine moderate the relationship between the strategic/executive aspects of PM and everyday functioning in older PLWH.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants in this cross-sectional analysis were 145 PLWH aged 50 years and older who had completed the Martin and Park Environmental Demands (MPED) questionnaire of routine and busyness, the performance-based Cambridge Test of Prospective Memory, and self-report measures of activities of daily living (ADLs) and cognitive symptoms in daily life.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Multiple regression analyses covarying for relevant comorbidities showed that higher levels of busyness - but not routine - were associated with more frequent cognitive symptoms in daily life. Neither busyness nor routine interacted with PM in association with cognitive symptoms. However, routine and a strategic/executive measure of PM interacted in predicting ADLs; specifically, the association between time-based PM and ADLs was stronger in persons with higher levels of routine in their daily lives. Parallel analyses with less executively-demanding event-based PM were null and small.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, findings provided mixed - and unexpected - evidence for the associations between contextual factors (i.e. routine and busyness), everyday functioning, and PM in this sample of older adults with HIV disease. Results and clinical implications are interpreted and discussed in the framework of the ConVExA model.</p>","PeriodicalId":15382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11309909/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140855249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01Epub Date: 2024-03-14DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2024.2328870
Bonnie M Scott, Donald R Royall, Jared F Benge, Robin C Hilsabeck
Objective: Compare the construct validity and predictive utility of cognitive intraindividual variability (IIV) in a sample of community-dwelling Hispanic and non-Hispanic white (NHW) older adults.
Methods: The present study included annual data from 651 older adult control participants (Hispanic = 293; NHW = 358) enrolled in the Texas Alzheimer's Research and Care Consortium for at least 5 years. Mean composite z-scores were calculated for attention, language, memory, and executive domains. IIV was calculated as was the standard deviation both within (IIV-Within) and between (IIV-Between) these domains.
Results: At baseline, NHW individuals obtained significantly higher mean scores in each domain than their Hispanic counterparts. They also showed significantly greater variability within and between domains, except for IIV-Within the language domain which was significantly larger in the Hispanic group. IIV-Between domains was driven primarily by IIV-Within the executive function domain in the NHW cohort and by IIV-Within the language domain in the Hispanic cohort. In both groups, the addition of IIV-Within and IIV-Between cognitive domains at baseline significantly improved prediction of global cognitive status after 5 years above and beyond demographic characteristics, genetic and cardiovascular risk. However, IIV-Between domains was the strongest predictor in the NHW group, while IIV-Within the attention domain was the strongest predictor in the Hispanic group.
Conclusions: Findings suggest that, while IIV-Between domains is a promising adjunctive method for predicting future cognitive decline, its construct validity and predictive utility varies based on ethnic group.
{"title":"Toward a cross-cultural understanding of intraindividual variability metrics.","authors":"Bonnie M Scott, Donald R Royall, Jared F Benge, Robin C Hilsabeck","doi":"10.1080/13803395.2024.2328870","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13803395.2024.2328870","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Compare the construct validity and predictive utility of cognitive intraindividual variability (IIV) in a sample of community-dwelling Hispanic and non-Hispanic white (NHW) older adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The present study included annual data from 651 older adult control participants (Hispanic = 293; NHW = 358) enrolled in the Texas Alzheimer's Research and Care Consortium for at least 5 years. Mean composite z-scores were calculated for attention, language, memory, and executive domains. IIV was calculated as was the standard deviation both within (IIV-Within) and between (IIV-Between) these domains.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At baseline, NHW individuals obtained significantly higher mean scores in each domain than their Hispanic counterparts. They also showed significantly greater variability within and between domains, except for IIV-Within the language domain which was significantly larger in the Hispanic group. IIV-Between domains was driven primarily by IIV-Within the executive function domain in the NHW cohort and by IIV-Within the language domain in the Hispanic cohort. In both groups, the addition of IIV-Within and IIV-Between cognitive domains at baseline significantly improved prediction of global cognitive status after 5 years above and beyond demographic characteristics, genetic and cardiovascular risk. However, IIV-Between domains was the strongest predictor in the NHW group, while IIV-Within the attention domain was the strongest predictor in the Hispanic group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings suggest that, while IIV-Between domains is a promising adjunctive method for predicting future cognitive decline, its construct validity and predictive utility varies based on ethnic group.</p>","PeriodicalId":15382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140119620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01Epub Date: 2024-05-02DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2024.2348775
Caitlyn A Nguyen, Sarah A Raskin, Aaron P Turner, Zaenab Dhari, Lindsay O Neto, Elizabeth S Gromisch
Introduction: Prospective memory (PM) deficits have been documented in multiple sclerosis (MS). This study aimed to explore the specific types of errors made by persons with MS (PwMS), including differences between PwMS and healthy controls (HC) and PwMS who do and do not have impairments in processing speed and/or verbal learning and memory.
Method: PwMS (n = 111) and HC (n = 75) completed the Memory for Intentions Test (MIST), an objective measure of PM that has five types of errors that can be coded (PM failure, task substitution, loss of content, loss of time, and random errors). The number and types of PM errors were calculated for the overall MIST and six subscales, which break down performance by types of delay (2-Minute and 15-Minute), cue (Time and Event), and response (Verbal and Action). Impairment was defined as performing < 1.5 SD on either the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) or Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT). Bivariate analyses were used to examine group differences, with post-hoc pairwise comparisons with Bonferroni corrections.
Results: Nearly 93% of PwMS made at least one PM error, compared to 76% of HC (V = .24, p = .001). The most commonly made PM error by PwMS was loss of content errors (45.0%). PwMS made significantly more task substitution errors (26.4% vs. 7.6%, p < .001) and fewer loss of time errors (9.5% vs. 21.2%, p < .001) than HC. Impaired PwMS made more errors than non-impaired PwMS, specifically PM failures on time-based tasks.
Conclusions: PM errors are common in PwMS, particularly when there are longer delays and time-based cues. Not only do PwMS make more errors than demographically similar HC, but they exhibit different cognitive process failures.
导言:多发性硬化症(MS)患者存在前瞻性记忆(PM)缺陷。本研究旨在探讨多发性硬化症患者(PwMS)所犯错误的具体类型,包括多发性硬化症患者与健康对照组(HC)之间的差异,以及多发性硬化症患者在处理速度和/或言语学习与记忆方面有无障碍:PwMS(n=111)和HC(n=75)完成了 "意图记忆测试"(MIST),这是一种客观的PM测量方法,有五种可编码的错误类型(PM失败、任务替代、内容丢失、时间丢失和随机错误)。PM 错误的数量和类型是根据总体 MIST 和六个子量表计算得出的,这六个子量表按延迟类型(2 分钟和 15 分钟)、提示(时间和事件)和反应(语言和动作)进行了细分。障碍被定义为表现结果:近 93% 的 PwMS 至少出现过一次 PM 错误,而 HC 的这一比例为 76% (V = .24, p = .001)。残疾人最常犯的 PM 错误是内容丢失错误(45.0%)。PwMS 犯的任务替代错误要多得多(26.4% 对 7.6%,p p 结论:PM 错误在 PwMS 中很常见,尤其是在有较长的延迟和基于时间的提示时。与人口统计学上相似的 HC 相比,PwMS 不仅会犯更多的错误,而且会表现出不同的认知过程失误。
{"title":"Patterns of prospective memory errors differ in persons with multiple sclerosis.","authors":"Caitlyn A Nguyen, Sarah A Raskin, Aaron P Turner, Zaenab Dhari, Lindsay O Neto, Elizabeth S Gromisch","doi":"10.1080/13803395.2024.2348775","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13803395.2024.2348775","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Prospective memory (PM) deficits have been documented in multiple sclerosis (MS). This study aimed to explore the specific types of errors made by persons with MS (PwMS), including differences between PwMS and healthy controls (HC) and PwMS who do and do not have impairments in processing speed and/or verbal learning and memory.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>PwMS (<i>n</i> = 111) and HC (<i>n</i> = 75) completed the Memory for Intentions Test (MIST), an objective measure of PM that has five types of errors that can be coded (PM failure, task substitution, loss of content, loss of time, and random errors). The number and types of PM errors were calculated for the overall MIST and six subscales, which break down performance by types of delay (2-Minute and 15-Minute), cue (Time and Event), and response (Verbal and Action). Impairment was defined as performing < 1.5 SD on either the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) or Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT). Bivariate analyses were used to examine group differences, with post-hoc pairwise comparisons with Bonferroni corrections.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nearly 93% of PwMS made at least one PM error, compared to 76% of HC (<i>V</i> = .24, <i>p</i> = .001). The most commonly made PM error by PwMS was loss of content errors (45.0%). PwMS made significantly more task substitution errors (26.4% vs. 7.6%, <i>p</i> < .001) and fewer loss of time errors (9.5% vs. 21.2%, <i>p</i> < .001) than HC. Impaired PwMS made more errors than non-impaired PwMS, specifically PM failures on time-based tasks.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>PM errors are common in PwMS, particularly when there are longer delays and time-based cues. Not only do PwMS make more errors than demographically similar HC, but they exhibit different cognitive process failures.</p>","PeriodicalId":15382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140859659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01Epub Date: 2024-05-08DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2024.2348212
Paul G Nestor, Ashley-Ann Woodhull
Introduction: Culture and social cognition are deeply intertwined, yet how this rich intersectionality is expressed neuropsychologically remains an important question.
Method: In a convenience sample of 128 young adults (mean age = 24.9 years) recruited from a majority-minority urban university, we examined performance-based neuropsychological measures of social cognition, the Advanced Clinical Solutions-Social Perception (ACS-SP), in relation to both cultural orientation, as assessed by the Individualism-Collectivism Scale (ICS) and spoken English language, as assessed by the oral word pronunciation measure of the Wide Range Achievement Test-4 (WRAT4).
Results: Results indicated higher WRAT4 scores correlated with better performance across all ACS-SP measures of social cognition. Controlling for these associations in spoken English, partial correlations linked lower scores across both prosody interpretation and affect naming ACS-SP tasks with a propensity to view social relationships vertically, irrespective of individualistic or collectivistic orientations. Hierarchical regression results showed that cultural orientation and English-language familiarity each specifically and uniquely contributed to ACS-SP performance for matching prosody with facial expressions.
Conclusions: These findings underscore the importance of incorporating and prioritizing both language and cultural factors in neuropsychological studies of social cognition. They may be viewed as offering strong support for expanding the boundaries of the construct of social cognition beyond its current theoretical framework of one that privileges Western, educated, industralized, rich and democratic (WEIRD) values, customs, and epistemologies.
{"title":"Exploring cultural contributions to the neuropsychology of social cognition: the advanced clinical solutions.","authors":"Paul G Nestor, Ashley-Ann Woodhull","doi":"10.1080/13803395.2024.2348212","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13803395.2024.2348212","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Culture and social cognition are deeply intertwined, yet how this rich intersectionality is expressed neuropsychologically remains an important question.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>In a convenience sample of 128 young adults (mean age = 24.9 years) recruited from a majority-minority urban university, we examined performance-based neuropsychological measures of social cognition, the Advanced Clinical Solutions-Social Perception (ACS-SP), in relation to both cultural orientation, as assessed by the Individualism-Collectivism Scale (ICS) and spoken English language, as assessed by the oral word pronunciation measure of the Wide Range Achievement Test-4 (WRAT4).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results indicated higher WRAT4 scores correlated with better performance across all ACS-SP measures of social cognition. Controlling for these associations in spoken English, partial correlations linked lower scores across both prosody interpretation and affect naming ACS-SP tasks with a propensity to view social relationships vertically, irrespective of individualistic or collectivistic orientations. Hierarchical regression results showed that cultural orientation and English-language familiarity each specifically and uniquely contributed to ACS-SP performance for matching prosody with facial expressions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings underscore the importance of incorporating and prioritizing both language and cultural factors in neuropsychological studies of social cognition. They may be viewed as offering strong support for expanding the boundaries of the construct of social cognition beyond its current theoretical framework of one that privileges Western, educated, industralized, rich and democratic (WEIRD) values, customs, and epistemologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":15382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140876566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01Epub Date: 2024-05-08DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2024.2351205
Jennifer S Adler, Erin D Ozturk, Victoria C Merritt, Lisa Delano-Wood, Dawn M Schiehser, Mark W Bondi, Monica T Ly, Adan Ton-Loy, Scott F Sorg
Objective: Identifying factors that moderate cognitive outcomes following mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is crucial. Prospective memory (PM) is a cognitive domain of interest in mTBI recovery as it may be especially sensitive to TBI-related changes. Since studies show that genetic status - particularly possession of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele - can modify PM performance, we investigated associations between mTBI status and APOE-ε4 genotype on PM performance in a well-characterized sample of Veterans with neurotrauma histories.
Methods: 59 Veterans (mTBI = 33, Military Controls [MCs] = 26; age range: 24-50; average years post-injury = 10.41) underwent a structured clinical interview, neuropsychological assessment, and genotyping. The Memory for Intentions Test (MIST) measured PM across multiple subscales. ANCOVAs, adjusting for age and posttraumatic stress symptoms, tested the effects of mTBI status (mTBI vs. MC) and ε4 status (ε4+ vs. ε4-) on MIST scores.
Results: Veterans with mTBI history performed more poorly compared to MCs on the MIST 15-min delay (p=.002, ηp2 =.160), Time Cue (p = .003, ηp2 =.157), and PM Total (p = .016, ηp2 =.102). Those with at least one copy of the ε4 allele performed more poorly compared to ε4- Veterans on the MIST 15-min delay (p = .011, ηp2 =.113) and PM Total (p = .048, ηp2 = .071). No significant interactions were observed between mTBI and APOE-ε4 status on MIST outcomes (ps>.25). Within the mTBI group, APOE-ε4+ Veterans performed worse than APOE-ε4- Veterans on the MIST 15-min delay subscale (p = .031, ηp2 = .150).
Conclusions: mTBI history and APOE-ε4 genotype status were independently associated with worse PM performance compared to those without head injury histories or possession of the APOE-e4 genotype. Performance on the MIST 15-min delay was worse in Veterans with both risk factors (mTBI history and APOE-ε4 positivity). Findings suggest that genetic status may modify outcomes even in relatively young Veterans with mTBI histories. Future research examining longitudinal associations and links to neuroimaging and biomarker data are needed.
{"title":"Prospective memory performance in veterans with and without histories of mild traumatic brain injury: effect of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 genotype.","authors":"Jennifer S Adler, Erin D Ozturk, Victoria C Merritt, Lisa Delano-Wood, Dawn M Schiehser, Mark W Bondi, Monica T Ly, Adan Ton-Loy, Scott F Sorg","doi":"10.1080/13803395.2024.2351205","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13803395.2024.2351205","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Identifying factors that moderate cognitive outcomes following mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is crucial. Prospective memory (PM) is a cognitive domain of interest in mTBI recovery as it may be especially sensitive to TBI-related changes. Since studies show that genetic status - particularly possession of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele - can modify PM performance, we investigated associations between mTBI status and APOE-ε4 genotype on PM performance in a well-characterized sample of Veterans with neurotrauma histories.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>59 Veterans (mTBI = 33, Military Controls [MCs] = 26; age range: 24-50; average years post-injury = 10.41) underwent a structured clinical interview, neuropsychological assessment, and genotyping. The Memory for Intentions Test (MIST) measured PM across multiple subscales. ANCOVAs, adjusting for age and posttraumatic stress symptoms, tested the effects of mTBI status (mTBI vs. MC) and ε4 status (ε4+ vs. ε4-) on MIST scores.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Veterans with mTBI history performed more poorly compared to MCs on the MIST 15-min delay (<i>p</i>=.002, η<sub>p</sub><sup>2</sup> =.160), Time Cue (<i>p</i> = .003, η<sub>p</sub><sup>2</sup> =.157), and PM Total (<i>p</i> = .016, η<sub>p</sub><sup>2</sup> =.102). Those with at least one copy of the ε4 allele performed more poorly compared to ε4- Veterans on the MIST 15-min delay (<i>p</i> = .011, η<sub>p</sub><sup>2</sup> =.113) and PM Total (<i>p</i> = .048, η<sub>p</sub><sup>2</sup> = .071). No significant interactions were observed between mTBI and APOE-ε4 status on MIST outcomes (<i>p</i>s>.25). Within the mTBI group, APOE-ε4+ Veterans performed worse than APOE-ε4- Veterans on the MIST 15-min delay subscale (<i>p</i> = .031, η<sub>p</sub><sup>2</sup> = .150).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>mTBI history and APOE-ε4 genotype status were independently associated with worse PM performance compared to those without head injury histories or possession of the APOE-e4 genotype. Performance on the MIST 15-min delay was worse in Veterans with both risk factors (mTBI history and APOE-ε4 positivity). Findings suggest that genetic status may modify outcomes even in relatively young Veterans with mTBI histories. Future research examining longitudinal associations and links to neuroimaging and biomarker data are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":15382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140876567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01Epub Date: 2024-05-16DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2024.2353945
Stephanie Ruth Young, Elizabeth M Dworak, Miriam A Novack, Aaron J Kaat, Hubert Adam, Cindy J Nowinski, Zahra Hosseinian, Jerry Slotkin, Jordan Stoeger, Saki Amagai, Maria Varela Diaz, Anyelo Almonte Correa, Keith Alperin, Larsson Omberg, Michael Kellen, Monica R Camacho, Bernard Landavazo, Rachel L Nosheny, Michael W Weiner, Richard Gershon
Introduction: Arranging Pictures is a new episodic memory test based on the NIH Toolbox (NIHTB) Picture Sequence Memory measure and optimized for self-administration on a personal smartphone within the Mobile Toolbox (MTB). We describe evidence from three distinct validation studies.
Method: In Study 1, 92 participants self-administered Arranging Pictures on study-provided smartphones in the lab and were administered external measures of similar and dissimilar constructs by trained examiners to assess validity under controlled circumstances. In Study 2, 1,021 participants completed the external measures in the lab and self-administered Arranging Pictures remotely on their personal smartphones to assess validity in real-world contexts. In Study 3, 141 participants self-administered Arranging Pictures remotely twice with a two-week delay on personal iOS smartphones to assess test-retest reliability and practice effects.
Results: Internal consistency was good across samples (ρxx = .80 to .85, p < .001). Test-retest reliability was marginal (ICC = .49, p < .001) and there were significant practice effects after a two-week delay (ΔM = 3.21 (95% CI [2.56, 3.88]). As expected, correlations with convergent measures were significant and moderate to large in magnitude (ρ = .44 to .76, p < .001), while correlations with discriminant measures were small (ρ = .23 to .27, p < .05) or nonsignificant. Scores demonstrated significant negative correlations with age (ρ = -.32 to -.21, p < .001). Mean performance was slightly higher in the iOS compared to the Android group (MiOS = 18.80, NiOS = 635; MAndroid = 17.11, NAndroid = 386; t(757.73) = 4.17, p < .001), but device type did not significantly influence the psychometric properties of the measure. Indicators of potential cheating were mixed; average scores were significantly higher in the remote samples (F(2, 850) = 11.415, p < .001), but there were not significantly more perfect scores.
Conclusion: The MTB Arranging Pictures measure demonstrated evidence of reliability and validity when self-administered on personal device. Future research should examine the potential for cheating in remote settings and the properties of the measure in clinical samples.
简介排列图片是一种新的外显记忆测试,它以美国国立卫生研究院工具箱(NIHTB)图片序列记忆测量为基础,并经过优化,可在移动工具箱(MTB)内的个人智能手机上进行自我管理。我们介绍了三项不同验证研究的证据:在研究 1 中,92 名参与者在实验室中使用研究人员提供的智能手机进行了 "排列图片 "自我管理,并由训练有素的考官对相似和不相似的结构进行了外部测量,以评估在受控情况下的有效性。在研究 2 中,1,021 名参与者在实验室中完成了外部测量,并在个人智能手机上进行了 "排列图片 "的远程自我管理,以评估在真实环境中的有效性。在研究3中,141名参与者在个人iOS智能手机上进行了2次远程《排列图片》自测,每次延迟两周,以评估重测可靠性和练习效果:结果:不同样本的内部一致性良好(ρxx = .80 至 .85,p p p p iOS = 18.80,NiOS = 635;MAndroid = 17.11,NAndroid = 386;t(757.73) = 4.17,p p p 结论:MTB "排列图片 "测验的内部一致性良好:在个人设备上进行自我管理时,MTB 排列图片测量结果显示了可靠性和有效性。未来的研究应考察在远程环境中作弊的可能性以及该测量方法在临床样本中的特性。
{"title":"Development and validation of an episodic memory measure in the Mobile Toolbox (MTB): Arranging Pictures.","authors":"Stephanie Ruth Young, Elizabeth M Dworak, Miriam A Novack, Aaron J Kaat, Hubert Adam, Cindy J Nowinski, Zahra Hosseinian, Jerry Slotkin, Jordan Stoeger, Saki Amagai, Maria Varela Diaz, Anyelo Almonte Correa, Keith Alperin, Larsson Omberg, Michael Kellen, Monica R Camacho, Bernard Landavazo, Rachel L Nosheny, Michael W Weiner, Richard Gershon","doi":"10.1080/13803395.2024.2353945","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13803395.2024.2353945","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Arranging Pictures is a new episodic memory test based on the NIH Toolbox (NIHTB) Picture Sequence Memory measure and optimized for self-administration on a personal smartphone within the Mobile Toolbox (MTB). We describe evidence from three distinct validation studies.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>In Study 1, 92 participants self-administered Arranging Pictures on study-provided smartphones in the lab and were administered external measures of similar and dissimilar constructs by trained examiners to assess validity under controlled circumstances. In Study 2, 1,021 participants completed the external measures in the lab and self-administered Arranging Pictures remotely on their personal smartphones to assess validity in real-world contexts. In Study 3, 141 participants self-administered Arranging Pictures remotely twice with a two-week delay on personal iOS smartphones to assess test-retest reliability and practice effects.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Internal consistency was good across samples (ρ<sub>xx</sub> = .80 to .85, <i>p</i> < .001). Test-retest reliability was marginal (ICC = .49, <i>p</i> < .001) and there were significant practice effects after a two-week delay (ΔM = 3.21 (95% CI [2.56, 3.88]). As expected, correlations with convergent measures were significant and moderate to large in magnitude (ρ = .44 to .76, <i>p</i> < .001), while correlations with discriminant measures were small (ρ = .23 to .27, <i>p</i> < .05) or nonsignificant. Scores demonstrated significant negative correlations with age (ρ = -.32 to -.21, <i>p</i> < .001). Mean performance was slightly higher in the iOS compared to the Android group (M<sub>iOS</sub> = 18.80, N<sub>iOS</sub> = 635; M<sub>Android</sub> = 17.11, N<sub>Android</sub> = 386; t(757.73) = 4.17, <i>p</i> < .001), but device type did not significantly influence the psychometric properties of the measure. Indicators of potential cheating were mixed; average scores were significantly higher in the remote samples (F(2, 850) = 11.415, <i>p</i> < .001), but there were not significantly more perfect scores.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The MTB Arranging Pictures measure demonstrated evidence of reliability and validity when self-administered on personal device. Future research should examine the potential for cheating in remote settings and the properties of the measure in clinical samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":15382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11309919/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140957318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}