Pub Date : 2023-12-28DOI: 10.9734/jocamr/2023/v24i4507
O. Ogbole, A. Ipingbemi, Olabimpe O. Olayinka, Esther O. Akinbobola, Zainab A. Molik, Temitayo O. Ajayi, T. Ajala, Kemisola M. Akinsiku, Hamidu Oluyedun
Background: Globally, there has been an increase in the use of herbal medicines with the general misconception that herbal medicines are absolutely effective and safe. Many people often use herbs concomitantly with orthodox medicines and this may lead to fatal complications of herb-drug interactions. This cross-sectional survey assesses the knowledge and attitude of teachers and artisans on the use of herbal medicine and the possible occurrence of herb-herb and herb-drug interactions. Method: A semi-structured questionnaire was used which covered demographics, cultural categorization of herbal medicine used, socio-economic factors (SEF), reason(s) for herbal medicine use, knowledge of herb-herb (HHI) and herb-drug interactions (HDI) and, and attitude to herbal medications (AHM) of the respondents. Data were entered into SPSS version 20 and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: There were 277 respondents, comprising 93 teachers, 77 drivers, and 107 mechanics. The response rate was 95.1%. Seventy-two (77.4%) teachers, 56 (72.7%) drivers and 101 (94.4%) mechanics use herbal medicine for infectious diseases while 57 (61.3%) teachers, 20 (26.0%) drivers and 83 (77.6%) use herbal medicine for non-infectious diseases. Assessment of SEF shows that a significant number (p=0.04) of participants were encouraged by friends to use herbal medicines while 63 (67.7%) teachers, 57 (74.0%) drivers, and 84 (78.5%) mechanics preferred herbal medicine to hospital management because it is affordable. Assessment of HHI shows 81 (75.7%) mechanics are aware of HHI, whereas 56 (72.7%) drivers and 69 (74.2%) teachers are not. Similarly, majority of the teachers (81, 87.1%) and drivers (47, 61.0%) were not aware of the possible occurrence of HDI while a significant (p=0.03) number (76, 71.0%) of the mechanics were aware. Conclusion: The respondents’ awareness of herb-herb and herb-drug interactions was poor. Public awareness program on the potential implications and health impact of herb-herb and herb-drug interactions is highly essential.
{"title":"Mitigating the Risks of Herb-Drug Interaction among Artisans in Ibadan Metropolis Through Public Health Education Survey","authors":"O. Ogbole, A. Ipingbemi, Olabimpe O. Olayinka, Esther O. Akinbobola, Zainab A. Molik, Temitayo O. Ajayi, T. Ajala, Kemisola M. Akinsiku, Hamidu Oluyedun","doi":"10.9734/jocamr/2023/v24i4507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jocamr/2023/v24i4507","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Globally, there has been an increase in the use of herbal medicines with the general misconception that herbal medicines are absolutely effective and safe. Many people often use herbs concomitantly with orthodox medicines and this may lead to fatal complications of herb-drug interactions. This cross-sectional survey assesses the knowledge and attitude of teachers and artisans on the use of herbal medicine and the possible occurrence of herb-herb and herb-drug interactions. Method: A semi-structured questionnaire was used which covered demographics, cultural categorization of herbal medicine used, socio-economic factors (SEF), reason(s) for herbal medicine use, knowledge of herb-herb (HHI) and herb-drug interactions (HDI) and, and attitude to herbal medications (AHM) of the respondents. Data were entered into SPSS version 20 and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: There were 277 respondents, comprising 93 teachers, 77 drivers, and 107 mechanics. The response rate was 95.1%. Seventy-two (77.4%) teachers, 56 (72.7%) drivers and 101 (94.4%) mechanics use herbal medicine for infectious diseases while 57 (61.3%) teachers, 20 (26.0%) drivers and 83 (77.6%) use herbal medicine for non-infectious diseases. Assessment of SEF shows that a significant number (p=0.04) of participants were encouraged by friends to use herbal medicines while 63 (67.7%) teachers, 57 (74.0%) drivers, and 84 (78.5%) mechanics preferred herbal medicine to hospital management because it is affordable. Assessment of HHI shows 81 (75.7%) mechanics are aware of HHI, whereas 56 (72.7%) drivers and 69 (74.2%) teachers are not. Similarly, majority of the teachers (81, 87.1%) and drivers (47, 61.0%) were not aware of the possible occurrence of HDI while a significant (p=0.03) number (76, 71.0%) of the mechanics were aware. Conclusion: The respondents’ awareness of herb-herb and herb-drug interactions was poor. Public awareness program on the potential implications and health impact of herb-herb and herb-drug interactions is highly essential.","PeriodicalId":15398,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medical Research","volume":"59 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139151934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aims: This study aimed to assess and compare the yield, phytochemical compositions, and anti-inflammatory properties of methanol and aqueous crude extracts derived from the Apical leaves of Sida cuneifolia. Study Design: An analytical study design was employed to evaluate yield and phytochemical composition, while an experimental study design was utilized for anti-inflammatory evaluation studies. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at Mbarara University of Science and Technology, specifically in the Department of Pharmacy Laboratory, spanning from August 2022 to September 2023. Methodology: The extraction yields were determined, and phytochemical profiling conducted to establish the composition of the extracts. Acute dermal toxicity was assessed to determine s. cuneifolia ointment toxicity level using OECD guidelines No. 402. Anti-inflammatory activities were evaluated using the HRBC membrane stabilization model and carrageenan-induced paw inflammatory model in-vitro and in-vivo, respectively. Results: The aqueous extract exhibited a higher percentage yield (10.1%) compared to the methanol extract (4.7%). The methanol extract contained alkaloids, phenolic compounds, steroids, tannins, and cardiac glycosides, while alkaloids and cardiac glycosides were absent in the aqueous extract. Methanol and aqueous extracts, at different concentrations of (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 mg/mL), showed dose-dependent significant stabilization towards HRBC membranes of (54.6%, 59.9%, 66.5%), and (3.85%, 12.57%, 17.10%), respectively. The percentage of protection for the concentration of the methanol extract at 2.0 mg/mL was the highest (66.5%) among the extract dose levels but lower than that of the standard (76.66%). Sida cuneifolia ointment dose levels of (0.5%, 2.5%, and 5.0%) w/w demonstrated significant (P=0.05) reductions in mice paw volume, with percentage inhibitions of (86.33%, 91.4%, and 91.4%). Dose levels (2.5% and 5%) w/w exhibited more potent activity of (91.4%) compared to that of the reference standard, Diclofenac gel 0.1% w/w. (79.41%). Both dose levels of extract ointments (2.5% and 5.0%) w/w exhibited identical levels of percentage inhibition (91.3%) at the end of 4 hours. Conclusion: This study provides scientific evidence supporting the ethno-medicinal use of Apical leaves of Sida cuneifolia, suggesting its potential transformative development in ethnomedicine.
{"title":"Comparative Evaluation of the Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Methanol and Aqueous Crude Extracts of Apical leaves of Sida cuneifolia: An Ethnomedicinal Plant","authors":"Kambugu Ivan, Abdelgadir Alamin Abdelgadir, Sesaazi Duncan Crispin","doi":"10.9734/jocamr/2023/v24i4506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jocamr/2023/v24i4506","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: This study aimed to assess and compare the yield, phytochemical compositions, and anti-inflammatory properties of methanol and aqueous crude extracts derived from the Apical leaves of Sida cuneifolia. \u0000Study Design: An analytical study design was employed to evaluate yield and phytochemical composition, while an experimental study design was utilized for anti-inflammatory evaluation studies. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at Mbarara University of Science and Technology, specifically in the Department of Pharmacy Laboratory, spanning from August 2022 to September 2023. \u0000Methodology: The extraction yields were determined, and phytochemical profiling conducted to establish the composition of the extracts. Acute dermal toxicity was assessed to determine s. cuneifolia ointment toxicity level using OECD guidelines No. 402. Anti-inflammatory activities were evaluated using the HRBC membrane stabilization model and carrageenan-induced paw inflammatory model in-vitro and in-vivo, respectively. \u0000Results: The aqueous extract exhibited a higher percentage yield (10.1%) compared to the methanol extract (4.7%). The methanol extract contained alkaloids, phenolic compounds, steroids, tannins, and cardiac glycosides, while alkaloids and cardiac glycosides were absent in the aqueous extract. \u0000Methanol and aqueous extracts, at different concentrations of (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 mg/mL), showed dose-dependent significant stabilization towards HRBC membranes of (54.6%, 59.9%, 66.5%), and (3.85%, 12.57%, 17.10%), respectively. The percentage of protection for the concentration of the methanol extract at 2.0 mg/mL was the highest (66.5%) among the extract dose levels but lower than that of the standard (76.66%). \u0000Sida cuneifolia ointment dose levels of (0.5%, 2.5%, and 5.0%) w/w demonstrated significant (P=0.05) reductions in mice paw volume, with percentage inhibitions of (86.33%, 91.4%, and 91.4%). Dose levels (2.5% and 5%) w/w exhibited more potent activity of (91.4%) compared to that of the reference standard, Diclofenac gel 0.1% w/w. (79.41%). Both dose levels of extract ointments (2.5% and 5.0%) w/w exhibited identical levels of percentage inhibition (91.3%) at the end of 4 hours. \u0000Conclusion: This study provides scientific evidence supporting the ethno-medicinal use of Apical leaves of Sida cuneifolia, suggesting its potential transformative development in ethnomedicine.","PeriodicalId":15398,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medical Research","volume":"74 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138606387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-29DOI: 10.9734/jocamr/2023/v24i4505
Mokaddas Flora Ananta, Sadia Adnin Oyshi, Mst. Morsheda Akter Mim, Rifah Noor Chowdhury, Romana Akter, Md Abdur Rahman, Tasnuva Sharmin Zaman, Md. Rafat Tahsin, Tahmina Akter, J. A. Chowdhury, F. Aktar, Shaila Kabir, A. A. Chowdhury, Md. Shah Amran
Introduction: Hypertension refers to the condition where the pressure of blood towards the artery walls is constantly too excessive. Estimated 17.9 million lives each year is taken by this. Its key etiological factors consist of genetic predisposition, unhealthy lifestyle choices, including immoderate salt intake, obesity, lack of physical activity, and chronic situations like kidney disease or hormonal imbalances. Focusing on herbal medications for this will be safer, and affordable alternatives of unwanted risk and negative effects of synthetic medications. Methods and Materials: Six groups of mice were taken. In group 2-5 high fat diet and 3% NaCl was given to induce disease. Group 3,4 and 5 was treated by the ethanolic extract of Nigella sativa, Rouwolfia Serpentina and mixture of Nigella sativa and Rouwolfia Serpentina respectively. Results and Discussion: It has been observed that in all group hypertension condition was restored significantly (p<0.05). In the treatment groups Rouwolfia Serpentina has displayed best efficiency. The mixture of Rouwolfia Serpentina and Nigella sativa showed 2nd most efficiency. On the other hand, Nigella sativa showed comparatively less but statistically significant (p<0.05) efficacy than others. Nigella sativa significantly (p<0.05) restored disturbed lipid profile (Low density lipoprotein, High density lipoprotein and Triglyceride). Conclusion: As The mixture of the two plant extracts gives both anti-hypertensive and anti- hyperlipidemic activity, it has high potential to be used in hypertension management specially when it is exacerbated by hyperlipidemia and this demands for further study.
{"title":"Multipurpose Drug from Rouwolfia serpentina and Nigella sativa: A Herbal Approach to Treat Hypertension and Hyperlipidemia in Experimental Rodent Model","authors":"Mokaddas Flora Ananta, Sadia Adnin Oyshi, Mst. Morsheda Akter Mim, Rifah Noor Chowdhury, Romana Akter, Md Abdur Rahman, Tasnuva Sharmin Zaman, Md. Rafat Tahsin, Tahmina Akter, J. A. Chowdhury, F. Aktar, Shaila Kabir, A. A. Chowdhury, Md. Shah Amran","doi":"10.9734/jocamr/2023/v24i4505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jocamr/2023/v24i4505","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Hypertension refers to the condition where the pressure of blood towards the artery walls is constantly too excessive. Estimated 17.9 million lives each year is taken by this. Its key etiological factors consist of genetic predisposition, unhealthy lifestyle choices, including immoderate salt intake, obesity, lack of physical activity, and chronic situations like kidney disease or hormonal imbalances. Focusing on herbal medications for this will be safer, and affordable alternatives of unwanted risk and negative effects of synthetic medications. Methods and Materials: Six groups of mice were taken. In group 2-5 high fat diet and 3% NaCl was given to induce disease. Group 3,4 and 5 was treated by the ethanolic extract of Nigella sativa, Rouwolfia Serpentina and mixture of Nigella sativa and Rouwolfia Serpentina respectively. Results and Discussion: It has been observed that in all group hypertension condition was restored significantly (p<0.05). In the treatment groups Rouwolfia Serpentina has displayed best efficiency. The mixture of Rouwolfia Serpentina and Nigella sativa showed 2nd most efficiency. On the other hand, Nigella sativa showed comparatively less but statistically significant (p<0.05) efficacy than others. Nigella sativa significantly (p<0.05) restored disturbed lipid profile (Low density lipoprotein, High density lipoprotein and Triglyceride). Conclusion: As The mixture of the two plant extracts gives both anti-hypertensive and anti- hyperlipidemic activity, it has high potential to be used in hypertension management specially when it is exacerbated by hyperlipidemia and this demands for further study.","PeriodicalId":15398,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medical Research","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139213555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-23DOI: 10.9734/jocamr/2023/v24i4504
Jessica L. Dillon, Ashlynn G. Gorman, Kylie N. Williams, Ellen Herlache-Pretzer, Stacey Webster
Background: Healthcare professionals may struggle with empathy, which can affect patient care. It is possible that Tai Chi, which includes physical activity and mindfulness, could potentially impact empathy levels. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of Tai Chi on empathy levels in healthcare professionals, using the Toronto Empathy Questionnaire. Materials and Methods: Five females 18-60 years of age who were employed as healthcare workers in the United States for at least six months were asked to complete asynchronous virtual Tai Chi sessions for 30 minutes, two times a week, for 5 weeks. Each Tai Chi virtual session included safety reminders, a warm-up, a cool-down, and different Tai Chi moves integrated into a sequence of movements. The Toronto Empathy Questionnaire was utilized to assess the participants’ empathy levels pre-and post-intervention. Participants completed weekly progress logs to track engagement. Results: Based on the weekly progress logs, participants completed an average of 8 asynchronous virtual Tai Chi sessions over 5 weeks. Participants demonstrated an average increase of 4.2 points on the Toronto Empathy Questionnaire pre- to post-intervention (mean pretest TEQ score = 48.2; mean posttest TEQ score = 52.4). The participants’ average scores on the TEQ posttest averaged 3.47 points above the typical female score range. Conclusion: Results suggest the potential value of Tai Chi for enhancing empathy levels in healthcare professionals. Future studies should integrate larger sample sizes, and qualitative approaches to data collection focused on participants' perspectives regarding their displayed empathy levels. Another suggestion is synchronous Tai Chi sessions, which could increase participant accountability.
{"title":"Impacts of Tai Chi on Empathy Levels in Healthcare Professionals: A Quasi-Experimental Study","authors":"Jessica L. Dillon, Ashlynn G. Gorman, Kylie N. Williams, Ellen Herlache-Pretzer, Stacey Webster","doi":"10.9734/jocamr/2023/v24i4504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jocamr/2023/v24i4504","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Healthcare professionals may struggle with empathy, which can affect patient care. It is possible that Tai Chi, which includes physical activity and mindfulness, could potentially impact empathy levels. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of Tai Chi on empathy levels in healthcare professionals, using the Toronto Empathy Questionnaire. Materials and Methods: Five females 18-60 years of age who were employed as healthcare workers in the United States for at least six months were asked to complete asynchronous virtual Tai Chi sessions for 30 minutes, two times a week, for 5 weeks. Each Tai Chi virtual session included safety reminders, a warm-up, a cool-down, and different Tai Chi moves integrated into a sequence of movements. The Toronto Empathy Questionnaire was utilized to assess the participants’ empathy levels pre-and post-intervention. Participants completed weekly progress logs to track engagement. Results: Based on the weekly progress logs, participants completed an average of 8 asynchronous virtual Tai Chi sessions over 5 weeks. Participants demonstrated an average increase of 4.2 points on the Toronto Empathy Questionnaire pre- to post-intervention (mean pretest TEQ score = 48.2; mean posttest TEQ score = 52.4). The participants’ average scores on the TEQ posttest averaged 3.47 points above the typical female score range. Conclusion: Results suggest the potential value of Tai Chi for enhancing empathy levels in healthcare professionals. Future studies should integrate larger sample sizes, and qualitative approaches to data collection focused on participants' perspectives regarding their displayed empathy levels. Another suggestion is synchronous Tai Chi sessions, which could increase participant accountability.","PeriodicalId":15398,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medical Research","volume":"345 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139244151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-21DOI: 10.9734/jocamr/2023/v24i3503
Nwosu Patience Chinatu, I. Elekima, Ben-Chioma Adeline, Brown Holy
Guava leaves (Psidium guajava) have been used traditionally for years to treat common ailments such as Diabetes, diarrhoea, and hypertension. This study was designed to determine the anti-arthritic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effect of the ethanolic extract of guava leaf (Psidium guajava) on rats fed with a high-fat diet and induced arthritis using complete Freud Adjuvant. Seventy-two male and female albino rats were used in this study, the rats were grouped into 12 with 6 rats in each group, rats were fed a high-fat diet to cause hyperlipidaemia and induced rheumatoid arthritis by injecting 0.1ml of Complete Freund’s Adjuvant into their right hind paw. Group 1 was fed with normal feed and water, group 2 was made of healthy rats, fed with normal feed, water, and guava leaf extract, group 3 was fed with a high-fat diet and induced arthritis with complete Freund’s Adjuvant (CFA) and water, group 4 received dexamethasone (6.75 mg.kg-1 orally), and groups 5 to 12 received the extract at oral doses of 250 and 750 mg/kg, respectively for a period of 28days. ELISA technique was used to analyse the inflammatory markers, antioxidants; SOD, and MDA, while the lipid profile was on a spectrophotometer. The inflammatory markers TNF-α, IL-6, and C-reactive protein were significantly reduced in test subjects at p<0.05, HDL and SOD had no statically significant difference, while MDA was markedly reduced at p<0.05. This study demonstrates that Psidium guajava extract has significant anti-arthritic and lipid-lowering effects. Psidium guajava leaves can be developed into an alternative anti-arthritis and lipid-lowering treatment.
{"title":"Anti-Arthritis, Antioxidant and Anti - Inflammatory Potential of Ethanolic Extract of Guava Leaves on Rats Exposed to High Fat Diet and Freud Adjuvant","authors":"Nwosu Patience Chinatu, I. Elekima, Ben-Chioma Adeline, Brown Holy","doi":"10.9734/jocamr/2023/v24i3503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jocamr/2023/v24i3503","url":null,"abstract":"Guava leaves (Psidium guajava) have been used traditionally for years to treat common ailments such as Diabetes, diarrhoea, and hypertension. This study was designed to determine the anti-arthritic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effect of the ethanolic extract of guava leaf (Psidium guajava) on rats fed with a high-fat diet and induced arthritis using complete Freud Adjuvant. Seventy-two male and female albino rats were used in this study, the rats were grouped into 12 with 6 rats in each group, rats were fed a high-fat diet to cause hyperlipidaemia and induced rheumatoid arthritis by injecting 0.1ml of Complete Freund’s Adjuvant into their right hind paw. Group 1 was fed with normal feed and water, group 2 was made of healthy rats, fed with normal feed, water, and guava leaf extract, group 3 was fed with a high-fat diet and induced arthritis with complete Freund’s Adjuvant (CFA) and water, group 4 received dexamethasone (6.75 mg.kg-1 orally), and groups 5 to 12 received the extract at oral doses of 250 and 750 mg/kg, respectively for a period of 28days. ELISA technique was used to analyse the inflammatory markers, antioxidants; SOD, and MDA, while the lipid profile was on a spectrophotometer. The inflammatory markers TNF-α, IL-6, and C-reactive protein were significantly reduced in test subjects at p<0.05, HDL and SOD had no statically significant difference, while MDA was markedly reduced at p<0.05. This study demonstrates that Psidium guajava extract has significant anti-arthritic and lipid-lowering effects. Psidium guajava leaves can be developed into an alternative anti-arthritis and lipid-lowering treatment.","PeriodicalId":15398,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medical Research","volume":"122 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139253294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-10DOI: 10.9734/jocamr/2023/v24i3502
Akhigbe Faith Omoighele, Ckikere A. Anusiem, Samuel I. Ghasi, Ajirioghene E. Akpotu, Chidi E. Ezerioha, Funso-Babarimisa, Funso
The study investigated the anti-inflammatory activity of ethanol leaf extract of Arthropteris orientalis in wistar albino rat. The plant extract was obtained with the procedure as described by Khalifa et al. [1] and both acute and chronic anti-inflammatory properties was assessed. Five groups of five animals each were utilized for acute and chronic inflammation respectively. Anti-inflammatory effect of the extract was evaluated on egg albumin induced paw edema in albino rats and edema induced by formalin in the wistar albino rats’ paw for acute and chronic inflammation respectively. The extract had 26.665% tannin while flavonoid, saponin, phenol, and glycoside had 0.784%, 0.631%, 0.183% and 0.057% respectively. The result revealed that the extract at 500 mg/kg exhibited significant inhibition (p<0.05) of systemic acute paw edema at the 4th hour of the second phase of edema in comparison with the standard drug. The results reveal that intraperitoneal administration of ethanol leaf extract of Arthropteris orientalis on formalin-Induced paw edema in wistar albino rats at (100 and 500mg/kg) and (100mg/kg) exhibited significant inhibition (p<0.05) in mean paw volumes on day 1 and 2 respectively. The extract did not produce any significant hematological change. These results show that Arthropteris orientalis has potential anti-inflammatory properties.
{"title":"Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Ethanol Leaf Extract of Arthropteris Orientalis in Wistar Albino Rat","authors":"Akhigbe Faith Omoighele, Ckikere A. Anusiem, Samuel I. Ghasi, Ajirioghene E. Akpotu, Chidi E. Ezerioha, Funso-Babarimisa, Funso","doi":"10.9734/jocamr/2023/v24i3502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jocamr/2023/v24i3502","url":null,"abstract":"The study investigated the anti-inflammatory activity of ethanol leaf extract of Arthropteris orientalis in wistar albino rat. The plant extract was obtained with the procedure as described by Khalifa et al. [1] and both acute and chronic anti-inflammatory properties was assessed. Five groups of five animals each were utilized for acute and chronic inflammation respectively. Anti-inflammatory effect of the extract was evaluated on egg albumin induced paw edema in albino rats and edema induced by formalin in the wistar albino rats’ paw for acute and chronic inflammation respectively. The extract had 26.665% tannin while flavonoid, saponin, phenol, and glycoside had 0.784%, 0.631%, 0.183% and 0.057% respectively. The result revealed that the extract at 500 mg/kg exhibited significant inhibition (p<0.05) of systemic acute paw edema at the 4th hour of the second phase of edema in comparison with the standard drug. The results reveal that intraperitoneal administration of ethanol leaf extract of Arthropteris orientalis on formalin-Induced paw edema in wistar albino rats at (100 and 500mg/kg) and (100mg/kg) exhibited significant inhibition (p<0.05) in mean paw volumes on day 1 and 2 respectively. The extract did not produce any significant hematological change. These results show that Arthropteris orientalis has potential anti-inflammatory properties.","PeriodicalId":15398,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medical Research","volume":"112 42","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135137965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: This article provides a review and detailed analysis of scientific publications on the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of xylometazoline and oxymetazoline. Xylometazoline and oxymetazoline are two commonly used nasal decongestants used to temporarily relieve nasal congestion caused by colds, allergies, and sinusitis. Both drugs narrow blood vessels in the nasal passages, reducing edema and rhinorrhea.
Aims: The aim of the study is to evaluate the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of xylometazoline and oxymetazoline based on a literature review.
Material and Methods: A retrospective review of literature data was performed using Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and ScienceDirect databases. Different keyword combinations, such as "topical decongestants", "xylometazoline", "oxymetazoline", "pharmacokinetics" and "pharmacodynamics", were used to search for information on the problem addressed. When processing search results, either the most recent publications (over the last 10 years) or the latest publications for this topic (regardless of their release) were chosen.
Results: After reviewing abstracts and getting acquainted with their full-text articles, 47 scientific sources that met the eligibility criteria were selected. Although there are minor differences between pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of xylometazoline and oxymetazoline according to available literature sources, both drugs exhibit very low systemic exposure, thus reducing the number of side effects due to the lack of systemic action and producing a high local concentration of the drugs in areas of inflammation. Besides, because of its pharmacokinetic properties, xylometazoline has a faster onset of action and a shorter duration of therapeutic effect compared to oxymetazoline.
简介:本文综述并详细分析了木美唑啉和羟美唑啉的药代动力学和药效学特性。木美唑啉和氧美唑啉是两种常用的减充血剂，用于暂时缓解感冒、过敏和鼻窦炎引起的鼻塞。这两种药物都能缩小鼻道血管，减轻水肿和鼻漏。目的:在文献综述的基础上，评价木美唑啉和羟美唑啉的药代动力学和药效学特性。材料和方法:使用Scopus、Web of Science、PubMed和ScienceDirect数据库对文献数据进行回顾性分析。不同的关键字组合，如“局部减充血剂”、“木美唑啉”、“oxymetazoline”、“药代动力学”和“药理学”，被用来搜索有关问题的信息。在处理搜索结果时，要么选择最近的出版物(过去10年)，要么选择该主题的最新出版物(无论其发布版本)。
结果:通过对摘要的审阅和对全文文章的熟悉，筛选出47篇符合入选标准的科学来源。尽管根据现有文献资料，木美唑啉和羟美唑啉的药代动力学和药效学存在微小差异，但这两种药物均表现出非常低的全身暴露，从而减少了由于缺乏全身作用而产生的副作用数量，并在炎症区域产生较高的局部浓度。此外，由于其药代动力学特性，木美唑啉比oxymetazoline起效更快，治疗持续时间更短。
{"title":"Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Topical Decongestants Xylometazoline and Oxymetazoline: A Literature Review","authors":"Dmytro Grebeniuk, Yaroslav Hrytsun, Oleg Nikulchenko","doi":"10.9734/jocamr/2023/v24i3501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jocamr/2023/v24i3501","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: This article provides a review and detailed analysis of scientific publications on the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of xylometazoline and oxymetazoline. Xylometazoline and oxymetazoline are two commonly used nasal decongestants used to temporarily relieve nasal congestion caused by colds, allergies, and sinusitis. Both drugs narrow blood vessels in the nasal passages, reducing edema and rhinorrhea.
 Aims: The aim of the study is to evaluate the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of xylometazoline and oxymetazoline based on a literature review.
 Material and Methods: A retrospective review of literature data was performed using Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and ScienceDirect databases. Different keyword combinations, such as \"topical decongestants\", \"xylometazoline\", \"oxymetazoline\", \"pharmacokinetics\" and \"pharmacodynamics\", were used to search for information on the problem addressed. When processing search results, either the most recent publications (over the last 10 years) or the latest publications for this topic (regardless of their release) were chosen.
 Results: After reviewing abstracts and getting acquainted with their full-text articles, 47 scientific sources that met the eligibility criteria were selected. Although there are minor differences between pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of xylometazoline and oxymetazoline according to available literature sources, both drugs exhibit very low systemic exposure, thus reducing the number of side effects due to the lack of systemic action and producing a high local concentration of the drugs in areas of inflammation. Besides, because of its pharmacokinetic properties, xylometazoline has a faster onset of action and a shorter duration of therapeutic effect compared to oxymetazoline.","PeriodicalId":15398,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medical Research","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135634822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.9734/jocamr/2023/v24i3500
A. B. Fawehinmi, Hassan Lawal, E. U. Chimezie, T. I. Fasan, A. T. Ola-Adedoyin
Some herbal products were sourced from traditional medicine practitioners purposely to evaluate their microbial and pharmaceutical qualities. These products were 15 in number and were of different dosage forms. Phytochemical tests were carried out to determine their phyto-constituents. Also, the microbial qualities were determined and the pharmaceutical evaluation carried out through tablet disintegration of powders, crushing and friability. The powdered formulations were subjected to particle size determination and angle of repose. The density of the suspensions and solutions were taken. Results indicated presence of alkaloids, anthraquinones, tannins and cardenolides. The microbial load of the products varies. Seven (46.67%) of the products were contaminated with Salmonella, ten (66.67%) were contaminated with fungi, ten (66.67%) were contaminated by Staphylococcus aureus and nine (9) were contaminated with E.coli.(60%). The angle of repose for the powder dosage forms were high, this indicate that the powdered products were not free flowing and not highly cohesive. Also, acceptable crushing strength and friability was shown by the tablet formulation but it failed the disintegration time. Out of the fifteen products, two of the products were registered with NAFDAC (13.33%), all the products indicated their manufacturing and expiry dates while ten (66.67%) have their contents stated. All the products have their therapeutic claims indicated on their containers. In conclusion, there should be control of standards of herbal medicine in Nigerian markets as well as constant evaluation and monitoring of the various products.
{"title":"Microbiological Status and Pharmaceutical Evaluation of Commercially Available Herbal Medicinal Products in Lagos, Nigeria","authors":"A. B. Fawehinmi, Hassan Lawal, E. U. Chimezie, T. I. Fasan, A. T. Ola-Adedoyin","doi":"10.9734/jocamr/2023/v24i3500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jocamr/2023/v24i3500","url":null,"abstract":"Some herbal products were sourced from traditional medicine practitioners purposely to evaluate their microbial and pharmaceutical qualities. These products were 15 in number and were of different dosage forms. Phytochemical tests were carried out to determine their phyto-constituents. Also, the microbial qualities were determined and the pharmaceutical evaluation carried out through tablet disintegration of powders, crushing and friability. The powdered formulations were subjected to particle size determination and angle of repose. The density of the suspensions and solutions were taken. Results indicated presence of alkaloids, anthraquinones, tannins and cardenolides. The microbial load of the products varies. Seven (46.67%) of the products were contaminated with Salmonella, ten (66.67%) were contaminated with fungi, ten (66.67%) were contaminated by Staphylococcus aureus and nine (9) were contaminated with E.coli.(60%). The angle of repose for the powder dosage forms were high, this indicate that the powdered products were not free flowing and not highly cohesive. Also, acceptable crushing strength and friability was shown by the tablet formulation but it failed the disintegration time. Out of the fifteen products, two of the products were registered with NAFDAC (13.33%), all the products indicated their manufacturing and expiry dates while ten (66.67%) have their contents stated. All the products have their therapeutic claims indicated on their containers. In conclusion, there should be control of standards of herbal medicine in Nigerian markets as well as constant evaluation and monitoring of the various products.","PeriodicalId":15398,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medical Research","volume":"11 19","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135863558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-26DOI: 10.9734/jocamr/2023/v24i3499
Kafor N. Bernard, Achukwu U. Peter, Agu K. Vincent, Nnadi I. Godfrey, Madubuike G. Kelechi
Background and Aim: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a non-malignant tumor of the prostate gland, common among the elderly men, and has been treated in the past with natural product of plant. Newbouldia laevis (N. laevis) is a medicinal plant that has been utilized in the treatment of various diseases but not prostate tumors. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic impact of Newbouldia laevis root and stem bark extract on testosterone induced prostate hyperplasia in albino rats.
Experimental Procedure: Twenty male albino rats were divided into 4 groups (N=5): HA (Negative control), HB (model hyperplasia), HC (high dose extract treatment), and HD (low dose extract treatment). The experimental animals were induced for BPH, and thereafter treated with 1000 mg/ kg body weight (HC) and 500 mg/kg body weight (HD). Samples were collected from the animals for experimental analysis.
Results and Conclusion: There was significant increase in prostate index, epithelial proliferation, PAS positivity, Ki67 expression, serum IL-6, total protein and testosterone in the model hyperplasia group. All these recorded changes are significantly (P<0.05) reversed among Newbouldia laevis extract treated groups. GCMS analysis of the plant extract revealed important bioactive substances including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antitumor agents. Toxicity study revealed an oral lethal dose of over 5000 mg/kg body weight. This study shows that N. laevis root - stem extract has the propensity to alleviate prostate tumors possibly through anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antioxidant, and serum testosterone down regulation mechanisms.
{"title":"The Effect of Newbouldia laevis Root and Stem Bark Extract on Testosterone Induced Prostate Hyperplasia in Albino Rats","authors":"Kafor N. Bernard, Achukwu U. Peter, Agu K. Vincent, Nnadi I. Godfrey, Madubuike G. Kelechi","doi":"10.9734/jocamr/2023/v24i3499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jocamr/2023/v24i3499","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a non-malignant tumor of the prostate gland, common among the elderly men, and has been treated in the past with natural product of plant. Newbouldia laevis (N. laevis) is a medicinal plant that has been utilized in the treatment of various diseases but not prostate tumors. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic impact of Newbouldia laevis root and stem bark extract on testosterone induced prostate hyperplasia in albino rats.
 Experimental Procedure: Twenty male albino rats were divided into 4 groups (N=5): HA (Negative control), HB (model hyperplasia), HC (high dose extract treatment), and HD (low dose extract treatment). The experimental animals were induced for BPH, and thereafter treated with 1000 mg/ kg body weight (HC) and 500 mg/kg body weight (HD). Samples were collected from the animals for experimental analysis.
 Results and Conclusion: There was significant increase in prostate index, epithelial proliferation, PAS positivity, Ki67 expression, serum IL-6, total protein and testosterone in the model hyperplasia group. All these recorded changes are significantly (P<0.05) reversed among Newbouldia laevis extract treated groups. GCMS analysis of the plant extract revealed important bioactive substances including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antitumor agents. Toxicity study revealed an oral lethal dose of over 5000 mg/kg body weight. This study shows that N. laevis root - stem extract has the propensity to alleviate prostate tumors possibly through anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antioxidant, and serum testosterone down regulation mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":15398,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medical Research","volume":"9 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134907722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-25DOI: 10.9734/jocamr/2023/v24i2498
Faisal Ahmed Nadvi, Rifat Ara Nisu, Sabnam Roy Suma, Ankita Bose, Md. Rafat Tahsin, Md. Shah Amran
Liver injury, also known as hepatotoxicity, is a serious health concern since it can irreversibly harm this significant organ's function, leading to life-threatening liver cirrhosis or liver failure. Natural medicinal plants have long been known to play essential roles in up-to-date medication discovery and they are considered as enormous sources of treatment now. Regarding the critical situation of hepatotoxic patients around the globe, among numerous plants with numerous potentials, “Triphala” is a popular and highly effective, strong Ayurvedic and Indian traditional medication with exclusive hepatoprotective and antioxidant properties. Triphala is a Sanskrit word that means three fruits and so, as the name, it is a mixture of an equal amount of the dried fruits of three plants: Emblica officinalis (Amalaki), Terminalia chebula (Haritaki) and Terminalia bellerica (Bibhitaki). In this experiment, carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) was used to induce hepatotoxicity and then the hepatoprotective activity of Triphala was assessed through determining the results of different parameters. Afterward observing the results, it was found that the plant can effectively reverse the disturbed pathological state toward healthy status to a different extent in a dependent manner. Here both medium dose and high dose can significantly reverse (p<0.05) the disturbed pathological state towards a healthy pathological state. Moreover, any safety concern or possibility of side effects was not aroused throughout the investigation. Therefore, Triphala is considered to have a major aptitude towards hepatic protection and can be counted as an alternative to the marketed synthetic drug, silymarin, with more safety and quite equal efficacy. To conclude, more vigorous future study is needed so that this promising plant can be incorporated into the hepatotoxic treatment arena.
{"title":"An in Vivo Evaluation of the Hepatoprotective Potential of Triphala in CCl4 Induced Hepatic Injured Rodent Model","authors":"Faisal Ahmed Nadvi, Rifat Ara Nisu, Sabnam Roy Suma, Ankita Bose, Md. Rafat Tahsin, Md. Shah Amran","doi":"10.9734/jocamr/2023/v24i2498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jocamr/2023/v24i2498","url":null,"abstract":"Liver injury, also known as hepatotoxicity, is a serious health concern since it can irreversibly harm this significant organ's function, leading to life-threatening liver cirrhosis or liver failure. Natural medicinal plants have long been known to play essential roles in up-to-date medication discovery and they are considered as enormous sources of treatment now. Regarding the critical situation of hepatotoxic patients around the globe, among numerous plants with numerous potentials, “Triphala” is a popular and highly effective, strong Ayurvedic and Indian traditional medication with exclusive hepatoprotective and antioxidant properties. Triphala is a Sanskrit word that means three fruits and so, as the name, it is a mixture of an equal amount of the dried fruits of three plants: Emblica officinalis (Amalaki), Terminalia chebula (Haritaki) and Terminalia bellerica (Bibhitaki). In this experiment, carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) was used to induce hepatotoxicity and then the hepatoprotective activity of Triphala was assessed through determining the results of different parameters. Afterward observing the results, it was found that the plant can effectively reverse the disturbed pathological state toward healthy status to a different extent in a dependent manner. Here both medium dose and high dose can significantly reverse (p<0.05) the disturbed pathological state towards a healthy pathological state. Moreover, any safety concern or possibility of side effects was not aroused throughout the investigation. Therefore, Triphala is considered to have a major aptitude towards hepatic protection and can be counted as an alternative to the marketed synthetic drug, silymarin, with more safety and quite equal efficacy. To conclude, more vigorous future study is needed so that this promising plant can be incorporated into the hepatotoxic treatment arena.","PeriodicalId":15398,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medical Research","volume":"3 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135216828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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