Pub Date : 2024-05-18DOI: 10.9734/jocamr/2024/v25i6539
Lina Marlina, Fransiskus Harf Poluan
Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is a condition of obstruction/narrowing of the upper airway during sleep, which results in cessation of breathing for some time. OSA can be experienced in all age groups, and as many as 56% reported having symptoms of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS). Smoking can cause abnormal changes in the upper respiratory tract, both histologically and physiologically. Several mechanisms have been hypothesized to explain how smoking increases the risk of developing OSA. This study aimed to determine the relationship between smoking and OSA in law faculty students at the Indonesian Christian University Class of 2018-2021. The method used in this research is analytic observational with a cross-sectional study design. The sampling technique used simple random sampling of 94 respondents. The primary data was obtained using the ESS questionnaire and smoking history, and then the data were analyzed using the Chi-Square statistical test. Statistical test results obtained p value = 0.214. There is no relationship between smoking and OSA in law faculty students at the Indonesian Christian University class 2018-2021, which is the conclusion of this study.
阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（OSA）是指睡眠时上气道阻塞/狭窄，导致呼吸停止一段时间。所有年龄段的人都可能患有 OSA，多达 56% 的人表示有白天过度嗜睡（EDS）的症状。吸烟会导致上呼吸道在组织学和生理学上发生异常变化。人们假设了几种机制来解释吸烟如何增加罹患 OSA 的风险。本研究旨在确定印度尼西亚基督教大学2018-2021级法律系学生吸烟与OSA之间的关系。本研究采用分析观察法，横断面研究设计。抽样技术采用简单随机抽样，共抽取 94 名受访者。通过 ESS 问卷和吸烟史获得主要数据，然后使用 Chi-Square 统计检验法对数据进行分析。统计检验结果得出 P 值 = 0.214。印度尼西亚基督教大学2018-2021级法律系学生吸烟与OSA之间没有关系，这是本研究的结论。
{"title":"The Relationship between Smoking and Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) in Students at the Faculty of Law, Indonesian Christian University Class (2018-2021)","authors":"Lina Marlina, Fransiskus Harf Poluan","doi":"10.9734/jocamr/2024/v25i6539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jocamr/2024/v25i6539","url":null,"abstract":"Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is a condition of obstruction/narrowing of the upper airway during sleep, which results in cessation of breathing for some time. OSA can be experienced in all age groups, and as many as 56% reported having symptoms of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS). Smoking can cause abnormal changes in the upper respiratory tract, both histologically and physiologically. Several mechanisms have been hypothesized to explain how smoking increases the risk of developing OSA. This study aimed to determine the relationship between smoking and OSA in law faculty students at the Indonesian Christian University Class of 2018-2021. The method used in this research is analytic observational with a cross-sectional study design. The sampling technique used simple random sampling of 94 respondents. The primary data was obtained using the ESS questionnaire and smoking history, and then the data were analyzed using the Chi-Square statistical test. Statistical test results obtained p value = 0.214. There is no relationship between smoking and OSA in law faculty students at the Indonesian Christian University class 2018-2021, which is the conclusion of this study.","PeriodicalId":15398,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medical Research","volume":"121 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141125298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-18DOI: 10.9734/jocamr/2024/v25i6538
Nur Nunu Prihantini, Nabila Berkati Susanti, Patar Hutagalung, Wendy Hendrika
A condition known as lower back pain occurs when the back hurts so much that it makes routine tasks difficult. Employees who use computers for work and spend much time sitting during the day can pose ergonomic risks. This research aims to determine whether the incidence of low back pain in employees of the Office of the Directorate General of New, Renewable Energy and Energy Conservation (EBTKE) in 2022 is related to sitting posture while working. An analytical survey with a cross-sectional approach is the research method used. The research tool used is a questionnaire that collects primary data. After the data was calculated using the Slovin method, 53 respondents were selected randomly and used as samples. The results showed that there was no relationship between the division of departments (p=0.68) and the incidence of low back pain, but there was a relationship between sitting posture (p=0.605) and this condition, there was no relationship between slouched posture (p0.001) and conditions, and there was no relationship between the amount of time spent sitting at work (p=0.105).
{"title":"Effect of Sitting Positions on Lower Back Pain among Office Workers: A Case Study at the Directorate General of New, Renewable Energy and Energy Conservation (EBTKE) in 2022","authors":"Nur Nunu Prihantini, Nabila Berkati Susanti, Patar Hutagalung, Wendy Hendrika","doi":"10.9734/jocamr/2024/v25i6538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jocamr/2024/v25i6538","url":null,"abstract":"A condition known as lower back pain occurs when the back hurts so much that it makes routine tasks difficult. Employees who use computers for work and spend much time sitting during the day can pose ergonomic risks. This research aims to determine whether the incidence of low back pain in employees of the Office of the Directorate General of New, Renewable Energy and Energy Conservation (EBTKE) in 2022 is related to sitting posture while working. An analytical survey with a cross-sectional approach is the research method used. The research tool used is a questionnaire that collects primary data. After the data was calculated using the Slovin method, 53 respondents were selected randomly and used as samples. The results showed that there was no relationship between the division of departments (p=0.68) and the incidence of low back pain, but there was a relationship between sitting posture (p=0.605) and this condition, there was no relationship between slouched posture (p0.001) and conditions, and there was no relationship between the amount of time spent sitting at work (p=0.105).","PeriodicalId":15398,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medical Research","volume":"106 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141124714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-17DOI: 10.9734/jocamr/2024/v25i6537
Frisca Angreni, Theza Elizianno Andrew Pellondo'u, Aresta Redina Noor
Murder is the behavior of a person or group of people that results in the loss of another person's life. Murder incidents can be motivated by various reasons so that someone plans or executes the murder of another person. Blunt trauma is a condition caused by mechanical violence from a blunt object. Blunt trauma can cause abrasions, contusions, lacerations, and fractures. This study aims to determine the pattern of wounds on the bodies of murder victims resulting from the blunt force at the Bhayangkara General Hospital Tk. I, Pusdokkes Polri, East Jakarta, for the period 2021 – 2022. This research uses a retrospective descriptive research method with a total sampling method using data from application letters for post-mortem and repertum and post-mortem et repertum for murder victims at the Pusdokkes Polri Hospital. The data results showed that there were 55 victims of murder due to blunt force, with the largest age distribution in the 31-40 year age group with 17 victims (30.9%). Based on gender, the highest number of victims were men - 28 victims (50.9%), while there were 27 victims (49.1%) for women. Based on the time group, the most incidents were found in 06.01-12.00 with 22 victims (40%). Based on the injury location group, the largest number of victims with injuries to the head and face was 51 victims (29.1%). Based on the type of violence, 41 victims (39.4%) had the most bruises on the head and face, 11 victims (47.8%) had the most bruises on the neck, and five victims had bruises on the shoulder (55.6%), at the chest location, the most abrasion wounds were found, namely ten victims (41.7%), at the back location there were nine victims (56.3%), at the stomach location the number of bruises was found at seven victims (58.3%), at the pelvic location there were abrasions and fractures each with one victim (50.0%), at the upper extremity location the most were bruises with 18 victims (40.9%), and at the location of the lower extremities found the highest number of bruises, namely 14 victims (41.2%).
{"title":"Description of Wound Patterns on the Bodies of Murder Victims due to Blunt Violence at the Bhayangkara Tk General Hospital. I East Jakarta Police Health Center for the 2021 – 2022 Period","authors":"Frisca Angreni, Theza Elizianno Andrew Pellondo'u, Aresta Redina Noor","doi":"10.9734/jocamr/2024/v25i6537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jocamr/2024/v25i6537","url":null,"abstract":"Murder is the behavior of a person or group of people that results in the loss of another person's life. Murder incidents can be motivated by various reasons so that someone plans or executes the murder of another person. Blunt trauma is a condition caused by mechanical violence from a blunt object. Blunt trauma can cause abrasions, contusions, lacerations, and fractures. This study aims to determine the pattern of wounds on the bodies of murder victims resulting from the blunt force at the Bhayangkara General Hospital Tk. I, Pusdokkes Polri, East Jakarta, for the period 2021 – 2022. This research uses a retrospective descriptive research method with a total sampling method using data from application letters for post-mortem and repertum and post-mortem et repertum for murder victims at the Pusdokkes Polri Hospital. The data results showed that there were 55 victims of murder due to blunt force, with the largest age distribution in the 31-40 year age group with 17 victims (30.9%). Based on gender, the highest number of victims were men - 28 victims (50.9%), while there were 27 victims (49.1%) for women. Based on the time group, the most incidents were found in 06.01-12.00 with 22 victims (40%). Based on the injury location group, the largest number of victims with injuries to the head and face was 51 victims (29.1%). Based on the type of violence, 41 victims (39.4%) had the most bruises on the head and face, 11 victims (47.8%) had the most bruises on the neck, and five victims had bruises on the shoulder (55.6%), at the chest location, the most abrasion wounds were found, namely ten victims (41.7%), at the back location there were nine victims (56.3%), at the stomach location the number of bruises was found at seven victims (58.3%), at the pelvic location there were abrasions and fractures each with one victim (50.0%), at the upper extremity location the most were bruises with 18 victims (40.9%), and at the location of the lower extremities found the highest number of bruises, namely 14 victims (41.2%).","PeriodicalId":15398,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medical Research","volume":"62 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140964703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-02DOI: 10.9734/jocamr/2024/v25i5535
Abdul Habib, M. A. Kalam, Riyaz Ahmad, Abdul Aziz, Mohammad Avid, Belal Ahmad
Traditional system of medicine, especially Unani, highly value Khubbāzī (Malva sylvestris L.) for its therapeutic properties. Its leaves, seeds and flowers are utilized medicinally as Barg-i-Khubbāzī, Tukhm-i-Khubbāzī and Gul-i-Khubbāzī since time immemorial. It is used in Unani Medicine for various activities like concoctive, diuretic, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, hence used to treat several ailments related to respiratory, skin and digestive systems such as cough, cold, coryza, sore throat, chronic bronchitis, intestinal ulcer and urinary issues like strangury, irritation in micturition etc. Pharmacological studies on various parts of the plant have been reported such as hepatoprotective, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory etc. which are supported by the bioactive compounds, alkaloid, glycosides, flavone etc. present in the plant. Scientific studies validated several actions documented in Unani literature, but further researches needed to explore the hidden properties of the plant. This review focuses on the plant’s traditional uses, pharmacological properties.
{"title":"A Review on Khubbāzī (Malva sylvestris L.): Phytochemical, Pharmacological Properties and Therapeutic Applications","authors":"Abdul Habib, M. A. Kalam, Riyaz Ahmad, Abdul Aziz, Mohammad Avid, Belal Ahmad","doi":"10.9734/jocamr/2024/v25i5535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jocamr/2024/v25i5535","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional system of medicine, especially Unani, highly value Khubbāzī (Malva sylvestris L.) for its therapeutic properties. Its leaves, seeds and flowers are utilized medicinally as Barg-i-Khubbāzī, Tukhm-i-Khubbāzī and Gul-i-Khubbāzī since time immemorial. It is used in Unani Medicine for various activities like concoctive, diuretic, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, hence used to treat several ailments related to respiratory, skin and digestive systems such as cough, cold, coryza, sore throat, chronic bronchitis, intestinal ulcer and urinary issues like strangury, irritation in micturition etc. Pharmacological studies on various parts of the plant have been reported such as hepatoprotective, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory etc. which are supported by the bioactive compounds, alkaloid, glycosides, flavone etc. present in the plant. Scientific studies validated several actions documented in Unani literature, but further researches needed to explore the hidden properties of the plant. This review focuses on the plant’s traditional uses, pharmacological properties.","PeriodicalId":15398,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medical Research","volume":"1 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141020905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-02DOI: 10.9734/jocamr/2024/v25i5536
J. Chifamba, A. J. Addae, S. Zengeni, M. Pomerai, N. Kurebgaseka
Introduction: Ultraviolet radiation is potentially harmful to plants’ physiological structures and their photosynthetic apparatus through induction of photo-oxidative damage and photosynthetic inhibition. Aloe excelsa a resilient (sub) tropical plant has evolved various photo-protective mechanisms to proliferate in these harsh environments. With the current FDA, over-the-Counter Monograph M020 castigating 14 of the 16 approved sunscreens as “unsafe” to the ecology and human health, the hunt for safer sunscreens is on and phytoconstituents from photo-resilient plants may just be the next generation, safe and efficacious sunscreens. Aims: This study investigated the photo-protective activity of lyophilized hydro-ethanolic Aloe excelsa extracts through phytoscreening and in-vitro estimations of their SPF, UVAPF, UVA/UVB ratio, critical wavelength, anti-oxidancy as well as anti-inflammatory potential. Methods: The Aloe excelsa gel matrix was physically extracted from transversely cut fresh rossetes, macerated in 70% ethanol, lyophilized and then subjected to both quantitative and qualitative phytochemical screening techniques. The antioxidant activity was measured using the DPPH scavenging assay, the photoprotection investigation was performed in-vitro using directives from COLIPA 2011/FDA Final Rule 2011 as guidelines and the anti-inflammatory capacity was evaluated using the protein denaturing test. Results: Qualitative phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of numerous primary and secondary metabolites of pharmacological interest, Quantitative phyto-analysis revealed that Aloe excelsa has higher levels of total phenols, tannins and flavonoids than Aloe vera. Anti-inflammatory capacity was closely related to the standard Diclofenac and the anti oxidancy was almost equivalent to ascorbic acid. A prepared 50% Aloe excelsa gel had an SPF of 7.6 and a UVAPF of 4 and a critical wavelength of 375. The calculated photostabilities: %SPFeff and %UVAPFeff were both above 97%. Conclusion: The results confirm that Aloe excelsa is a multifunctional photoprotective material with confirmed anti-oxidancy, anti-inflammatory and UVR protection attributes. The 50% lyophilised Aloe excelsa gel can be technically classified as a low SPF sunscreen. The abundant primary and secondary metabolites correlate directly with the observed and calculated photoprotective parameters obtained in this study.
{"title":"Lyophilised Aloe excelsa Fractions, Photo-protection and Actinic Damage Retardation Claims Substantiation","authors":"J. Chifamba, A. J. Addae, S. Zengeni, M. Pomerai, N. Kurebgaseka","doi":"10.9734/jocamr/2024/v25i5536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jocamr/2024/v25i5536","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Ultraviolet radiation is potentially harmful to plants’ physiological structures and their photosynthetic apparatus through induction of photo-oxidative damage and photosynthetic inhibition. Aloe excelsa a resilient (sub) tropical plant has evolved various photo-protective mechanisms to proliferate in these harsh environments. With the current FDA, over-the-Counter Monograph M020 castigating 14 of the 16 approved sunscreens as “unsafe” to the ecology and human health, the hunt for safer sunscreens is on and phytoconstituents from photo-resilient plants may just be the next generation, safe and efficacious sunscreens. \u0000Aims: This study investigated the photo-protective activity of lyophilized hydro-ethanolic Aloe excelsa extracts through phytoscreening and in-vitro estimations of their SPF, UVAPF, UVA/UVB ratio, critical wavelength, anti-oxidancy as well as anti-inflammatory potential. \u0000Methods: The Aloe excelsa gel matrix was physically extracted from transversely cut fresh rossetes, macerated in 70% ethanol, lyophilized and then subjected to both quantitative and qualitative phytochemical screening techniques. The antioxidant activity was measured using the DPPH scavenging assay, the photoprotection investigation was performed in-vitro using directives from COLIPA 2011/FDA Final Rule 2011 as guidelines and the anti-inflammatory capacity was evaluated using the protein denaturing test. \u0000Results: Qualitative phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of numerous primary and secondary metabolites of pharmacological interest, Quantitative phyto-analysis revealed that Aloe excelsa has higher levels of total phenols, tannins and flavonoids than Aloe vera. Anti-inflammatory capacity was closely related to the standard Diclofenac and the anti oxidancy was almost equivalent to ascorbic acid. A prepared 50% Aloe excelsa gel had an SPF of 7.6 and a UVAPF of 4 and a critical wavelength of 375. The calculated photostabilities: %SPFeff and %UVAPFeff were both above 97%. \u0000Conclusion: The results confirm that Aloe excelsa is a multifunctional photoprotective material with confirmed anti-oxidancy, anti-inflammatory and UVR protection attributes. The 50% lyophilised Aloe excelsa gel can be technically classified as a low SPF sunscreen. The abundant primary and secondary metabolites correlate directly with the observed and calculated photoprotective parameters obtained in this study.","PeriodicalId":15398,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medical Research","volume":"9 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141022386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Paraquat (PQ) is one of the most toxic environmental pollutants. Objectives: This study was conducted to determine the effect of an ethanolic leaf extract of piper guineense on the kidneys of paraquat-induced adult Wistar rats. Methods: In this study, rats were divided into six groups. The control group (group A) received distilled water, and 20mg/kg of Paraquat was induced in groups B, C, D, E, and F; group C received 200mg/kg, group E received 80mg/kg, and group F received 100mg/kg of ethanolic leaf extract of Piper guineense, respectively. The animals were treated for 28 consecutive days. After the urea and serum creatinine collection, kidney histopathology was investigated. Results: PQ increased relative organ weight, urea, and serum creatinine levels, but it significantly decreased body weight across groups B and D. In the groups treated with piper guineense, urea and creatinine decreased compared with the PQ group, and body weight levels increased. Severe intra-renal inflammation and haemorrhage, necrotic debris around the hemorrhagic area, was seen histopathologically. The effects were ameliorated in Groups E and F, which received variable doses of the ethanolic leaf extracts of P. guineense. Conclusion: The obtained findings revealed that P. guineense leaf extract, used as a preventive compound, was able to reduce kidney dysfunction and tissue damage caused by PQ toxicity in the kidney.
背景：百草枯（PQ）是一种毒性最大的环境污染物：百草枯（PQ）是毒性最强的环境污染物之一：本研究旨在确定瓜蒌乙醇叶提取物对百草枯诱导的成年 Wistar 大鼠肾脏的影响：本研究将大鼠分为六组。对照组（A 组）接受蒸馏水，B、C、D、E 和 F 组分别接受 20mg/kg 的百草枯诱导；C 组接受 200mg/kg、E 组接受 80mg/kg 和 F 组接受 100mg/kg 的瓜蒌叶乙醇提取物。动物连续接受 28 天的治疗。收集尿素和血清肌酐后，对肾脏组织病理学进行研究：结果：PQ 增加了相对器官重量、尿素和血清肌酐水平，但显著降低了 B 组和 D 组的体重。从组织病理学角度看，肾脏内部出现了严重的炎症和出血，出血区域周围有坏死碎屑。E 组和 F 组接受了不同剂量的刺五加乙醇叶提取物，其影响有所缓解：结论：研究结果表明，作为一种预防性化合物，刺五加叶提取物能够减轻 PQ 毒性对肾脏造成的功能障碍和组织损伤。
{"title":"Effect of Ethanolic Leaf Extract of Piper guineense (Uziza) on the Kidneys of Paraquat-Induced Adult Male Wistar Rats","authors":"Mbah Chikodili Adolphus, Okwuanga, Nkiruka Lilian, Irinmwinuwa Eric Omo, Oyate Godwin Bernard, Nwanama Emmanuel Kenechukwu, Ezejimofor Perpetua Eberechukwu","doi":"10.9734/jocamr/2024/v25i5534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jocamr/2024/v25i5534","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Paraquat (PQ) is one of the most toxic environmental pollutants.\u0000Objectives: This study was conducted to determine the effect of an ethanolic leaf extract of piper guineense on the kidneys of paraquat-induced adult Wistar rats.\u0000Methods: In this study, rats were divided into six groups. The control group (group A) received distilled water, and 20mg/kg of Paraquat was induced in groups B, C, D, E, and F; group C received 200mg/kg, group E received 80mg/kg, and group F received 100mg/kg of ethanolic leaf extract of Piper guineense, respectively. The animals were treated for 28 consecutive days. After the urea and serum creatinine collection, kidney histopathology was investigated.\u0000Results: PQ increased relative organ weight, urea, and serum creatinine levels, but it significantly decreased body weight across groups B and D. In the groups treated with piper guineense, urea and creatinine decreased compared with the PQ group, and body weight levels increased. Severe intra-renal inflammation and haemorrhage, necrotic debris around the hemorrhagic area, was seen histopathologically. The effects were ameliorated in Groups E and F, which received variable doses of the ethanolic leaf extracts of P. guineense.\u0000Conclusion: The obtained findings revealed that P. guineense leaf extract, used as a preventive compound, was able to reduce kidney dysfunction and tissue damage caused by PQ toxicity in the kidney.","PeriodicalId":15398,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medical Research","volume":"4 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141024248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-16DOI: 10.9734/jocamr/2024/v25i4530
Saronee, Friday, Dan-Jumbo Dagbota, Perowei Azosibe, Amadi Joy Ezinwayi
Introduction: Modulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis is mediated by different factors which are of research interest. Aim: To evaluate the modulatory functions of Craterispermum schweinfurthi leaf extract on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis of male Wistar rats in phenyl hydrazine induced testicular toxicity. Methodology: 40 male Wistar rats weighing between 100-250g were randomly divided into 8 groups of 5 rats each. Testicular toxicity was induced through intraperitoneal administration of 40mg/kg of phenyl hydrazine at 9am on day 0 and two additional injections at 9am and 6pm on day 1 in all rat groups except groups 1 and 8 and were treated as follows for 14 days; Group 1: Rats in this group received distilled water only: Group 2: Untreated Phenyl hydrazine induced toxicity rats: Groups 3-5 received 250mg/kg, 500mg/kg and 750mg/kg body weight of the extract: Group 6: Rats in this group were administered 0.23ml/kg of Bioferon: Group7: Phenyl hydrazine + Phytosterol (2000mg/kg): Group 8: Phytosterol only (2000mg/kg). 24 hours after the last administration, the rats were anaesthetized using 3.5% chloroform soaked in cotton wool and blood samples collected through direct cardiac puncture for the estimation of serum concentration of reproductive hormones. Also, rat’s caudal epididymis was excised for the determination of sperm indices. Results: Administration of the hydromethanol leaf extract of Craterispermum schweinfurthi to rats Groups 3-5, significantly increased serum concentration of luteinizing, Follicle stimulating hormones and Testosterone compared to Group 2 (phenyl hydrazine induced toxicity) rats (p<0.05): Suggesting a possible modulatory function of the extract. Significantly dose dependent higher values of sperm volume, viability, count, normal and active sperm were observed amongst groups 3-5 rats following the administration of graded doses of the extract compared to Group 2 (phenyl hydrazine induced toxicity) rats (p<0.05). Suggesting a possible amelioration of the toxic effects of phenyl hydrazine. Conclusion: This study reports that administration of hydromethanol extract of Craterispermum schweinfurthi caused a significant and dose dependent improvement in the concentration of male reproductive hormones: resulting in a predictable increase in sperm indices.
{"title":"Modulatory Functions of Craterispermum schweinfurthi on the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis of Male Wistar Rats in Phenyl Hydrazine Induced Testicular Toxicity","authors":"Saronee, Friday, Dan-Jumbo Dagbota, Perowei Azosibe, Amadi Joy Ezinwayi","doi":"10.9734/jocamr/2024/v25i4530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jocamr/2024/v25i4530","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Modulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis is mediated by different factors which are of research interest.\u0000Aim: To evaluate the modulatory functions of Craterispermum schweinfurthi leaf extract on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis of male Wistar rats in phenyl hydrazine induced testicular toxicity.\u0000Methodology: 40 male Wistar rats weighing between 100-250g were randomly divided into 8 groups of 5 rats each. Testicular toxicity was induced through intraperitoneal administration of 40mg/kg of phenyl hydrazine at 9am on day 0 and two additional injections at 9am and 6pm on day 1 in all rat groups except groups 1 and 8 and were treated as follows for 14 days; Group 1: Rats in this group received distilled water only: Group 2: Untreated Phenyl hydrazine induced toxicity rats: Groups 3-5 received 250mg/kg, 500mg/kg and 750mg/kg body weight of the extract: Group 6: Rats in this group were administered 0.23ml/kg of Bioferon: Group7: Phenyl hydrazine + Phytosterol (2000mg/kg): Group 8: Phytosterol only (2000mg/kg). 24 hours after the last administration, the rats were anaesthetized using 3.5% chloroform soaked in cotton wool and blood samples collected through direct cardiac puncture for the estimation of serum concentration of reproductive hormones. Also, rat’s caudal epididymis was excised for the determination of sperm indices.\u0000Results: Administration of the hydromethanol leaf extract of Craterispermum schweinfurthi to rats Groups 3-5, significantly increased serum concentration of luteinizing, Follicle stimulating hormones and Testosterone compared to Group 2 (phenyl hydrazine induced toxicity) rats (p<0.05): Suggesting a possible modulatory function of the extract. Significantly dose dependent higher values of sperm volume, viability, count, normal and active sperm were observed amongst groups 3-5 rats following the administration of graded doses of the extract compared to Group 2 (phenyl hydrazine induced toxicity) rats (p<0.05). Suggesting a possible amelioration of the toxic effects of phenyl hydrazine.\u0000Conclusion: This study reports that administration of hydromethanol extract of Craterispermum schweinfurthi caused a significant and dose dependent improvement in the concentration of male reproductive hormones: resulting in a predictable increase in sperm indices.","PeriodicalId":15398,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medical Research","volume":"15 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140697343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-16DOI: 10.9734/jocamr/2024/v25i4531
Winnet E. Chipato, Tarisirai Mandishona, Sharron Mbera, T. Taderera, Rachel Dube Mandishora, Joey Chifamba
Aims: This study sought to explore the role of the traditional medical practitioner (TMP) and document the modalities of tuberculosis (TB) treatment in traditional medicine (TM) in Harare, Zimbabwe. Study design: An ethnographic research survey of TMPs in Harare urban. Place and Duration of Study: Harare’s southern suburbs of Warren Park, Mufakose, Budiriro, Belvedere, Mbare (Mupedzanhamo) and Harare central business district, between April and June 2021. Methodology: Fourteen (14) experienced TB practitioners, registered with the Zimbabwe National Traditional Healers Association (ZINATHA) were recruited for the study. These included exclusive herbalists (36%), spiritualists (14%) and those who used a combination of spiritualism and herbalism (50%) in their practice. Data was collected through semi-structured in-person interviews. The practices and treatment modalities in the traditional treatment of TB were documented; and any linkages with the conventional medical system were identified. Results: Forty-six (46) plant species from 28 families were prescribed in various polyherbal combinations for a maximum of 6 months in difficult cases. TMPs were found to be relevant and knowledgeable in the treatment of TB. In addition to offering alternative or complementary treatment options to patients, TMPs were also agents of health education promotion, and collaborated to some extent with allopathic healthcare providers across the service delivery system from diagnosis to treatment of patients. Conclusion: If formalized, TMPs have the potential to make considerable contributions to TB treatment strategies and help improve treatment outcome in TB patients.
{"title":"The Practice and Modalities of African Traditional Medicine in Tuberculosis Treatment - A Traditional Medical Practitioners’ Perspective","authors":"Winnet E. Chipato, Tarisirai Mandishona, Sharron Mbera, T. Taderera, Rachel Dube Mandishora, Joey Chifamba","doi":"10.9734/jocamr/2024/v25i4531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jocamr/2024/v25i4531","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: This study sought to explore the role of the traditional medical practitioner (TMP) and document the modalities of tuberculosis (TB) treatment in traditional medicine (TM) in Harare, Zimbabwe.\u0000Study design: An ethnographic research survey of TMPs in Harare urban.\u0000Place and Duration of Study: Harare’s southern suburbs of Warren Park, Mufakose, Budiriro, Belvedere, Mbare (Mupedzanhamo) and Harare central business district, between April and June 2021.\u0000Methodology: Fourteen (14) experienced TB practitioners, registered with the Zimbabwe National Traditional Healers Association (ZINATHA) were recruited for the study. These included exclusive herbalists (36%), spiritualists (14%) and those who used a combination of spiritualism and herbalism (50%) in their practice. Data was collected through semi-structured in-person interviews. The practices and treatment modalities in the traditional treatment of TB were documented; and any linkages with the conventional medical system were identified.\u0000Results: Forty-six (46) plant species from 28 families were prescribed in various polyherbal combinations for a maximum of 6 months in difficult cases. TMPs were found to be relevant and knowledgeable in the treatment of TB. In addition to offering alternative or complementary treatment options to patients, TMPs were also agents of health education promotion, and collaborated to some extent with allopathic healthcare providers across the service delivery system from diagnosis to treatment of patients.\u0000Conclusion: If formalized, TMPs have the potential to make considerable contributions to TB treatment strategies and help improve treatment outcome in TB patients.","PeriodicalId":15398,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medical Research","volume":"28 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140696094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-16DOI: 10.9734/jocamr/2024/v25i5533
Okwuanga, N. L., Onyewuchi, M. O, M. C. A., Okafor, E. C., Ejikeme, S. N., Nwanama, E. K., Nwachukwu, R. C.
Background: The oral intake of alcohol has become a widespread concern due to its high risk to body health. Therefore, our purpose in this study was to reveal the antioxidant efficacies of natural Costus's afer stem juice extract on hepatotoxicity induced by ethanol in adult female wistar rats. Methods: We examined the impacts of liver toxicity, were the experimental animals were given 1ml of 10% ethanol daily for 21 days, thereafter, C. afer was administered to evaluate its ameliorative effect in the female albino wistar rats orally treated with C. afer juice extract (200 and 400 mg/kg) for 7days. The rats were divided into four (4) groups; Group A served as the control group, which was given rat chow and water only. Groups B, C and D were given 1ml of 10% ethanol. Afterwards, groups C and D were treated with 200 and 400 mg/kg using 1ml and 2ml of the juice extract of C. afer, respectively. A liver function test and histological analysis were carried out. Results: The results showed that treatment with C. afer after the oral consumption of ethanol caused elevation in serum liver function parameters (alanine transferases, aspartate transaminase, and alkaline phosphate), which is significant compared to the control group. There was also a slight restoration in histopathological changes in the liver, as revealed by decreased areas of inflammation. Conclusion: The therapeutic efficiency of C. afer juice extract could be due to traces of anti-inflammatory properties and the ROS-scavenging agent. Our findings prove that the elevation of liver function markers by C. afer enables hepatic tissue to suppress inflammatory and oxidative mechanisms, resulting in enhanced liver structure and function. Therefore, C. afer extract is a protective and therapeutic supplement against toxic agents.
背景：由于酒精对身体健康的高风险，口服酒精已成为一个普遍关注的问题。因此，本研究的目的是揭示天然阿魏茎汁提取物对乙醇诱导的成年雌性wistar大鼠肝毒性的抗氧化功效：我们研究了乙醇对肝脏毒性的影响，实验动物每天摄入1毫升10%乙醇，连续21天，然后给雌性白化wistar大鼠口服C.大鼠被分为四（4）组；A 组为对照组，只给大鼠饲料和水。B、C 和 D 组给大鼠注射 1 毫升 10%乙醇。然后，C 组和 D 组分别使用 1 毫升和 2 毫升的阿弗藻汁提取物进行 200 毫克/千克和 400 毫克/千克的治疗。进行肝功能检测和组织学分析：结果表明，口服乙醇后使用 C. afer 会导致血清肝功能指标（丙氨酸转移酶、天门冬氨酸转氨酶和碱性磷酸酶）升高，与对照组相比，升高幅度较大。肝脏组织病理学变化也略有恢复，表现为炎症区域减少：结论：C. afer果汁提取物的治疗效果可能是由于其抗炎特性和清除 ROS的作用。我们的研究结果证明，C. afer 能提高肝功能指标，使肝组织抑制炎症和氧化机制，从而增强肝脏结构和功能。因此，C. afer 提取物对有毒物质具有保护和治疗作用。
{"title":"Hepato-protective Effect of Costus afer (Okpete) Juice Extract on Alcohol-induced Liver Toxicity in Adult Female Wistar Rats","authors":"Okwuanga, N. L., Onyewuchi, M. O, M. C. A., Okafor, E. C., Ejikeme, S. N., Nwanama, E. K., Nwachukwu, R. C.","doi":"10.9734/jocamr/2024/v25i5533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jocamr/2024/v25i5533","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The oral intake of alcohol has become a widespread concern due to its high risk to body health. Therefore, our purpose in this study was to reveal the antioxidant efficacies of natural Costus's afer stem juice extract on hepatotoxicity induced by ethanol in adult female wistar rats.\u0000Methods: We examined the impacts of liver toxicity, were the experimental animals were given 1ml of 10% ethanol daily for 21 days, thereafter, C. afer was administered to evaluate its ameliorative effect in the female albino wistar rats orally treated with C. afer juice extract (200 and 400 mg/kg) for 7days. The rats were divided into four (4) groups; Group A served as the control group, which was given rat chow and water only. Groups B, C and D were given 1ml of 10% ethanol. Afterwards, groups C and D were treated with 200 and 400 mg/kg using 1ml and 2ml of the juice extract of C. afer, respectively. A liver function test and histological analysis were carried out.\u0000Results: The results showed that treatment with C. afer after the oral consumption of ethanol caused elevation in serum liver function parameters (alanine transferases, aspartate transaminase, and alkaline phosphate), which is significant compared to the control group. There was also a slight restoration in histopathological changes in the liver, as revealed by decreased areas of inflammation.\u0000Conclusion: The therapeutic efficiency of C. afer juice extract could be due to traces of anti-inflammatory properties and the ROS-scavenging agent. Our findings prove that the elevation of liver function markers by C. afer enables hepatic tissue to suppress inflammatory and oxidative mechanisms, resulting in enhanced liver structure and function. Therefore, C. afer extract is a protective and therapeutic supplement against toxic agents.","PeriodicalId":15398,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medical Research","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140694929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-16DOI: 10.9734/jocamr/2024/v25i5532
George Okechukwu Anyanwu, J. Dike-Ndudim, Dennis Chimezie Nwosu, Comfort Chinyere Anyanwu, Chizaram Winners Ndubueze, Chinatu Onyeakolam Ahiara, Ogbonnaya Cornelius Chima, Festus Chidi Emengaha, Augustine Uchechukwu Obi, Isaac Onyeke Onuh
In this study, the phytochemicals present in the cloves of Allium sativum were determined, and their antibacterial activities against some enteric bacterial pathogens were assessed. The phytochemical constituents were determined after the extraction process was completed using water and ethanol as the solvents. Furthermore, the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of A. sativum were tested against Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi and Shigella dysenteriae isolated from faeces of gastroenteritis patients. The agar diffusion technique (punch method) was used for this. Additionally, the extracts' minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined. The mean values of the zones of inhibition obtained were statistically analyzed using ANOVA. The least significant difference was determined according to the LSD test at P<0.05. The results of the phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of saponin, alkaloids, flavonoids, and tannins. Furthermore, the antibacterial susceptibility test showed that the aqueous and ethanolic extracts possess antibacterial properties against all the test organisms. The ethanolic extract at the concentration of 500mg/ml had zones of inhibition of 29.00b against E. coli, 24.00b against S. dysenteriae and the lowest 20.00b against S. typhi. On the other hand, at that same concentration, the aqueous extract had zones of inhibition of 20.00b against E. coli and 18.00b against S. dysenteriae and S. typhi. This study suggests that A. sativum extracts possess antibacterial properties. Furthermore, since the ethanolic extract was more effective than the aqueous extract, it could be that the antibacterial potency of A. sativum is solvent-dependent. In conclusion, the findings from this study suggest that further purification of the constituents of the plant might lead to the development of novel antibiotics.
{"title":"The Phytochemical Composition and Antibacterial Effects of Allium sativum Clove Extracts on Some Enteric Bacterial Pathogens","authors":"George Okechukwu Anyanwu, J. Dike-Ndudim, Dennis Chimezie Nwosu, Comfort Chinyere Anyanwu, Chizaram Winners Ndubueze, Chinatu Onyeakolam Ahiara, Ogbonnaya Cornelius Chima, Festus Chidi Emengaha, Augustine Uchechukwu Obi, Isaac Onyeke Onuh","doi":"10.9734/jocamr/2024/v25i5532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jocamr/2024/v25i5532","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the phytochemicals present in the cloves of Allium sativum were determined, and their antibacterial activities against some enteric bacterial pathogens were assessed. The phytochemical constituents were determined after the extraction process was completed using water and ethanol as the solvents. Furthermore, the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of A. sativum were tested against Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi and Shigella dysenteriae isolated from faeces of gastroenteritis patients. The agar diffusion technique (punch method) was used for this. Additionally, the extracts' minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined. The mean values of the zones of inhibition obtained were statistically analyzed using ANOVA. The least significant difference was determined according to the LSD test at P<0.05. The results of the phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of saponin, alkaloids, flavonoids, and tannins. Furthermore, the antibacterial susceptibility test showed that the aqueous and ethanolic extracts possess antibacterial properties against all the test organisms. The ethanolic extract at the concentration of 500mg/ml had zones of inhibition of 29.00b against E. coli, 24.00b against S. dysenteriae and the lowest 20.00b against S. typhi. On the other hand, at that same concentration, the aqueous extract had zones of inhibition of 20.00b against E. coli and 18.00b against S. dysenteriae and S. typhi. This study suggests that A. sativum extracts possess antibacterial properties. Furthermore, since the ethanolic extract was more effective than the aqueous extract, it could be that the antibacterial potency of A. sativum is solvent-dependent. In conclusion, the findings from this study suggest that further purification of the constituents of the plant might lead to the development of novel antibiotics.","PeriodicalId":15398,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medical Research","volume":"109 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140695320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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