Background: Cardiometabolic syndrome (CMS) is an emerging problem of public health importance in low- and middle-income countries like Nigeria, resulting in a significant increase in morbidity and mortality. Studies from other regions have suggested using neck circumference (NC) values for predicting CMS. This study explores the utility of this approach among patients seen at a tertiary facility in Lagos, Nigeria. Methods: This was a hospital-based, descriptive cross-sectional study. Participants were adult patients managed and seen in the follow-up clinics of the endocrinology unit. NC of >37 cm or >34 cm in males and females was considered abnormal. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 28.0. Results: A total of 202 patients were recruited (mean age [standard deviation]: 61.5 [12.2] years). The prevalence of CMS was 79.2%, with hypertension being the most prevalent cardiometabolic risk (85.1%). The mean NCs were 38.9 (4.2) cm for men and 36.0 (2.9) cm for women, with 67.8% of participants having abnormal values. NC was significantly correlated with diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (P = 0.028), but not other components of CMS among participants. On receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis, NC was not significantly predictive of CMS (females: area under the curve [AUC]: 0.616 [P = 0.068]; males: AUC: 0.0469 [P = 0.080]). Conclusion: This study revealed a high prevalence of metabolic syndrome among participants. There was a significant correlation between NC and other anthropometric indices, but not with the components of CMS, except DBP. On ROC analysis, NC was not significantly related to CMS. The study's findings suggest that NC is not a useful predictor of CMS in this population.
{"title":"Neck circumference and cardiometabolic syndrome in adult patients at a tertiary hospital in Lagos, Nigeria: A cross-sectional study","authors":"A. Dada, Amisu Mumani, B. Okunowo","doi":"10.4103/jcls.jcls_10_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jcls.jcls_10_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cardiometabolic syndrome (CMS) is an emerging problem of public health importance in low- and middle-income countries like Nigeria, resulting in a significant increase in morbidity and mortality. Studies from other regions have suggested using neck circumference (NC) values for predicting CMS. This study explores the utility of this approach among patients seen at a tertiary facility in Lagos, Nigeria. Methods: This was a hospital-based, descriptive cross-sectional study. Participants were adult patients managed and seen in the follow-up clinics of the endocrinology unit. NC of >37 cm or >34 cm in males and females was considered abnormal. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 28.0. Results: A total of 202 patients were recruited (mean age [standard deviation]: 61.5 [12.2] years). The prevalence of CMS was 79.2%, with hypertension being the most prevalent cardiometabolic risk (85.1%). The mean NCs were 38.9 (4.2) cm for men and 36.0 (2.9) cm for women, with 67.8% of participants having abnormal values. NC was significantly correlated with diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (P = 0.028), but not other components of CMS among participants. On receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis, NC was not significantly predictive of CMS (females: area under the curve [AUC]: 0.616 [P = 0.068]; males: AUC: 0.0469 [P = 0.080]). Conclusion: This study revealed a high prevalence of metabolic syndrome among participants. There was a significant correlation between NC and other anthropometric indices, but not with the components of CMS, except DBP. On ROC analysis, NC was not significantly related to CMS. The study's findings suggest that NC is not a useful predictor of CMS in this population.","PeriodicalId":15490,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Sciences","volume":"5 1","pages":"98 - 103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139365903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Olumuyiwa Ajayeoba, Simeon Olateju, Olurotimi Aaron, A. Faponle, M. Komolafe, A. Adebowale, Akinsulore Adesanmi
Sniper, an insecticide made of synthetic organophosphate, is a choice substance used for suicide in Nigeria among the youth due to its ready availability. The aim of this study was to describe the management of a case of organophosphate poisoning. A 24-year-old male medical student presented on account of loss of consciousness for 2 h, with vomiting, the passage of loose stool, and a preceding history of suicidal ideation. He was found in his room with an empty bottle of sniper. The patient was in obvious respiratory distress with excessive salivation. His baseline vital sign was as follows: pulse rate-124 bpm, blood pressure-150/80 mmHg, respiratory rate of 34 cpm, SpO2 86%, and temperature of 36.8°C. He was intubated, admitted into the intensive care unit, and placed on a mechanical ventilator. He was commenced on intravenous (IV) atropine 2 mg stat and IV glycopyrrolate 0.4 mg 8 hourly. On the 4th day, he was placed on IV atropine infusion 1 mg/h, while IV phenytoin 300 mg stat and then 150 mg nocte were commenced on account of provoked seizure. The patient had the IV atropine infusion for 10 days. He was placed on midazolam infusion for sedation and had potassium and magnesium correction. The patient was subsequently extubated, transferred to the ward, and discharged home after 10 days in the ward. Organophosphate poisoning management could be challenging and fatal. Early presentation, prompt and appropriate airway management, use of atropine infusion, prompt use of antibiotics, and other supportive care can improve survival.
{"title":"Intensive care management of sniper (organophosphate) poisoning secondary to deliberate self-harm: A case report","authors":"Olumuyiwa Ajayeoba, Simeon Olateju, Olurotimi Aaron, A. Faponle, M. Komolafe, A. Adebowale, Akinsulore Adesanmi","doi":"10.4103/jcls.jcls_1_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jcls.jcls_1_23","url":null,"abstract":"Sniper, an insecticide made of synthetic organophosphate, is a choice substance used for suicide in Nigeria among the youth due to its ready availability. The aim of this study was to describe the management of a case of organophosphate poisoning. A 24-year-old male medical student presented on account of loss of consciousness for 2 h, with vomiting, the passage of loose stool, and a preceding history of suicidal ideation. He was found in his room with an empty bottle of sniper. The patient was in obvious respiratory distress with excessive salivation. His baseline vital sign was as follows: pulse rate-124 bpm, blood pressure-150/80 mmHg, respiratory rate of 34 cpm, SpO2 86%, and temperature of 36.8°C. He was intubated, admitted into the intensive care unit, and placed on a mechanical ventilator. He was commenced on intravenous (IV) atropine 2 mg stat and IV glycopyrrolate 0.4 mg 8 hourly. On the 4th day, he was placed on IV atropine infusion 1 mg/h, while IV phenytoin 300 mg stat and then 150 mg nocte were commenced on account of provoked seizure. The patient had the IV atropine infusion for 10 days. He was placed on midazolam infusion for sedation and had potassium and magnesium correction. The patient was subsequently extubated, transferred to the ward, and discharged home after 10 days in the ward. Organophosphate poisoning management could be challenging and fatal. Early presentation, prompt and appropriate airway management, use of atropine infusion, prompt use of antibiotics, and other supportive care can improve survival.","PeriodicalId":15490,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Sciences","volume":"3 1","pages":"104 - 107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139365246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Overground walking exercise training is often employed as part of the community-based stroke rehabilitation program. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of overground gait training (OGT) with rhythmic auditory stimulation (RAS) on lower limb motor coordination and activities of daily living in stroke survivors. Methods: Twenty-eight stroke survivors were randomly assigned into two groups. Participants in Group A had OGT, while those in Group B had OGT with RAS twice a week for 6 weeks. Lower-extremity motor coordination test was used to assess lower limb motor coordination, while activities of daily living were assessed with Nottingham Extended Activities of Daily Living (NEADL). Repeated measures analysis was used for within-group comparisons of the LEMOCOT scores, while Friedman's test was used for within-group comparisons of NEADL scores. Linear mixed effect regression model was used to compare the LEMOCOT scores between the groups, while Mann–Whitney U-test was used to compare the NEADL scores between the groups (P ≤ 0.05). Results: The mean values of LEMOCOT scores for the paretic limb and nonparetic limb (9.14; 8.43) improved significantly at the 3rd and 6th weeks (9.86, 10.21; 19.36, 20.29), respectively, among participants in Group A. There was a significant improvement in the mean rank of the NEADL in the 6th week (2.39) compared with the baseline (1.64). In Group B, the mean values of LEMOCOT scores for the paretic limb and nonparetic limb (9.43, 18.79) improved by the 3rd and 6th weeks (11.29, 20.14; 11.71, 20.29). The mean rank of the NEADL at baseline (1.61) improved significantly in the 6th week (2.39). Conclusion: OGT with or without RAS is effective in improving lower limb motor coordination and activities of daily living among stroke survivors.
{"title":"Effect of overground gait training with rhythmic auditory stimulation on lower limb motor coordination and activities of daily living in stroke survivors: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Oladunni Osundiya, Olamide Joseph, O. Olawale","doi":"10.4103/jcls.jcls_31_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jcls.jcls_31_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Overground walking exercise training is often employed as part of the community-based stroke rehabilitation program. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of overground gait training (OGT) with rhythmic auditory stimulation (RAS) on lower limb motor coordination and activities of daily living in stroke survivors. Methods: Twenty-eight stroke survivors were randomly assigned into two groups. Participants in Group A had OGT, while those in Group B had OGT with RAS twice a week for 6 weeks. Lower-extremity motor coordination test was used to assess lower limb motor coordination, while activities of daily living were assessed with Nottingham Extended Activities of Daily Living (NEADL). Repeated measures analysis was used for within-group comparisons of the LEMOCOT scores, while Friedman's test was used for within-group comparisons of NEADL scores. Linear mixed effect regression model was used to compare the LEMOCOT scores between the groups, while Mann–Whitney U-test was used to compare the NEADL scores between the groups (P ≤ 0.05). Results: The mean values of LEMOCOT scores for the paretic limb and nonparetic limb (9.14; 8.43) improved significantly at the 3rd and 6th weeks (9.86, 10.21; 19.36, 20.29), respectively, among participants in Group A. There was a significant improvement in the mean rank of the NEADL in the 6th week (2.39) compared with the baseline (1.64). In Group B, the mean values of LEMOCOT scores for the paretic limb and nonparetic limb (9.43, 18.79) improved by the 3rd and 6th weeks (11.29, 20.14; 11.71, 20.29). The mean rank of the NEADL at baseline (1.61) improved significantly in the 6th week (2.39). Conclusion: OGT with or without RAS is effective in improving lower limb motor coordination and activities of daily living among stroke survivors.","PeriodicalId":15490,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Sciences","volume":"58 Suppl 1 1","pages":"73 - 79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139365997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.4103/2468-6859.389443
{"title":"Erratum: Fall risks and health-related quality of life among elderly attending primary healthcare centers in South Western Nigeria: A cross-sectional study","authors":"","doi":"10.4103/2468-6859.389443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2468-6859.389443","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15490,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Sciences","volume":"10 1","pages":"108 - 108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139364707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Journal of Clinical Sciences: From humble beginnings to a dissemination force of scientific research","authors":"Adesoji O. Ademuyiwa","doi":"10.4103/jcls.jcls_99_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jcls.jcls_99_23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15490,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":"71 - 72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139365599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Different methods for diagnosing acute appendicitis have been invented to help amid equivocal instances. Different levels of accuracy have been noted when the imaging and scores were utilized in diverse populations and health-care contexts. Ultrasonography (USG) is a widely accessible and safe imaging technique, but it is operator dependent. Since USG, Alvarado scores, and Raja Isteri Pengiran Anak Saleha Appendicitis (RIPASA) score have never been thoroughly compared, we practiced them to people who suffered from right iliac fossa pain and were thought to have acute appendicitis. Methods: Evaluation scoring sheets, including all the elements of both scores, as well as USG findings, demographic data, and histological reports, were employed. Specificity, sensitivity, negative predictive value, positive predictive value, predicted negative appendectomy rate, and diagnostic accuracy for both scores as well as USG were determined and compared. Results: As compared to the Alvarado score and USG (75.46% and 71.78%, respectively), the RIPASA score's diagnostic accuracy of 89.57% was significantly higher. According to the USG, Alvarado, and RIPASA scores, the predicted negative appendectomy rates were 17.82%, 9.195%, and 6.48%, respectively. Conclusion: The RIPASA score is an affordable, trustworthy, repeatable diagnostic tool with high accuracy for the detection of acute appendicitis.
{"title":"Comparison of Alvarado score, Raja Isteri Pengiran Anak Saleha Appendicitis score, and ultrasonography for diagnosing acute appendicitis: A prospective study","authors":"Mohan Lal, Anil Kumar, P. Chandawat","doi":"10.4103/jcls.jcls_25_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jcls.jcls_25_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Different methods for diagnosing acute appendicitis have been invented to help amid equivocal instances. Different levels of accuracy have been noted when the imaging and scores were utilized in diverse populations and health-care contexts. Ultrasonography (USG) is a widely accessible and safe imaging technique, but it is operator dependent. Since USG, Alvarado scores, and Raja Isteri Pengiran Anak Saleha Appendicitis (RIPASA) score have never been thoroughly compared, we practiced them to people who suffered from right iliac fossa pain and were thought to have acute appendicitis. Methods: Evaluation scoring sheets, including all the elements of both scores, as well as USG findings, demographic data, and histological reports, were employed. Specificity, sensitivity, negative predictive value, positive predictive value, predicted negative appendectomy rate, and diagnostic accuracy for both scores as well as USG were determined and compared. Results: As compared to the Alvarado score and USG (75.46% and 71.78%, respectively), the RIPASA score's diagnostic accuracy of 89.57% was significantly higher. According to the USG, Alvarado, and RIPASA scores, the predicted negative appendectomy rates were 17.82%, 9.195%, and 6.48%, respectively. Conclusion: The RIPASA score is an affordable, trustworthy, repeatable diagnostic tool with high accuracy for the detection of acute appendicitis.","PeriodicalId":15490,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Sciences","volume":"49 1","pages":"80 - 86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139365826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Nwankwo, Mary Kakamor, N. Usman, V. Omole, A. Oyefabi
Background: Malnutrition (undernutrition) and its attendant complications remain the plight of many countries globally. However, sub-Saharan Africa is disproportionately affected with the burden of this largely preventable condition. Basic knowledge of nutrition and good feeding practices among caregivers are essential to reduce childhood malnutrition. The aim of this study was to determine the knowledge and preventive practices related to malnutrition among mothers of children aged <5 years in Kaduna North Local Government Area. Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study that was carried out to determine the knowledge and preventive practices related to malnutrition among mothers of children aged <5 years. A multistage sampling technique was used to select 262 mothers of children aged <5 years, from whom data were collected using interviewer-administered questionnaires. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 27.5 ± 3.5 years. The majority of the respondents, 164 (62.6%), had secondary school education. Only 11.5% of the respondents had good knowledge on malnutrition. Almost one-third (30.9%) of the respondents had good preventive practices regarding malnutrition. There was a statistically significant relationship between respondents' knowledge of malnutrition and their educational status (P < 0.0001), occupation (P < 0.0001), and the number of children they have (P < 0.0001). There was a statistically significant relationship between respondents' preventive practice regarding malnutrition and their educational status (P < 0.0001) and occupation (P < 0.0001). Conclusion: In view of the findings of poor knowledge and practice among the respondents, improving female education will lead to better nutritional outcomes among their children.
{"title":"Knowledge and preventive practices regarding malnutrition among mothers of under-fives in Kaduna North Local Government Area: A descriptive cross-sectional study","authors":"B. Nwankwo, Mary Kakamor, N. Usman, V. Omole, A. Oyefabi","doi":"10.4103/jcls.jcls_2_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jcls.jcls_2_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Malnutrition (undernutrition) and its attendant complications remain the plight of many countries globally. However, sub-Saharan Africa is disproportionately affected with the burden of this largely preventable condition. Basic knowledge of nutrition and good feeding practices among caregivers are essential to reduce childhood malnutrition. The aim of this study was to determine the knowledge and preventive practices related to malnutrition among mothers of children aged <5 years in Kaduna North Local Government Area. Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study that was carried out to determine the knowledge and preventive practices related to malnutrition among mothers of children aged <5 years. A multistage sampling technique was used to select 262 mothers of children aged <5 years, from whom data were collected using interviewer-administered questionnaires. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 27.5 ± 3.5 years. The majority of the respondents, 164 (62.6%), had secondary school education. Only 11.5% of the respondents had good knowledge on malnutrition. Almost one-third (30.9%) of the respondents had good preventive practices regarding malnutrition. There was a statistically significant relationship between respondents' knowledge of malnutrition and their educational status (P < 0.0001), occupation (P < 0.0001), and the number of children they have (P < 0.0001). There was a statistically significant relationship between respondents' preventive practice regarding malnutrition and their educational status (P < 0.0001) and occupation (P < 0.0001). Conclusion: In view of the findings of poor knowledge and practice among the respondents, improving female education will lead to better nutritional outcomes among their children.","PeriodicalId":15490,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"52 - 58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78738194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Diabetes is a major health concern that has grown to alarming proportions. With more than 500 million sufferers globally, diabetes is one of the most prevalent metabolic diseases. The aim of the study is to find the prevalence of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and undiagnosed diabetes mellitus (DM) in patients presented to our outpatient department at Mogadishu Somali Turkey Training and Research Hospital. Methods: In this cross-sectional study conducted in the largest referral hospital in Mogadishu Somalia, all adult patients who volunteered to give consent have participated in the study. We excluded pregnant women, individuals taking medications that could affect glucose metabolism (e.g., steroids, beta-blockers, and thiazide diuretics), and confirmed diabetic patients from our study. Results: Seven hundred and twenty-two adults with a mean age of 42.85 ± 18.23 years were included. Most of the participants were female 432 (59.8%), aged 20–40 years 329 (45.6%). The prevalence of IFG was common among males (22.4%) and those 60 years and above (30.6%), while the prevalence of undiagnosed DM was high among males (9.7%), aged 40–60 years (13.4%). In the bivariate analysis, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, systolic blood pressure, and comorbidities were found to be significantly associated with the prevalence of IFG in all age groups. Conclusions: IFG was common among outpatient adults. Increased urbanization, the rise of the middle class, and population aging will lead to considerable rises in IFG, undiagnosed diabetes, and diabetes in Somalia in the next years. To limit the growth of diabetes in Somalia, public health interventions must be implemented soon. Promoting the health system and providing education can help.
{"title":"The prevalence of impaired fasting glucose, undiagnosed diabetes mellitus, and associated risk factors among adults presented in the outpatient department in Mogadishu Somalia: A cross-sectional study","authors":"A. Bashir, O. Fiidow, A. Mohamud","doi":"10.4103/jcls.jcls_27_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jcls.jcls_27_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Diabetes is a major health concern that has grown to alarming proportions. With more than 500 million sufferers globally, diabetes is one of the most prevalent metabolic diseases. The aim of the study is to find the prevalence of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and undiagnosed diabetes mellitus (DM) in patients presented to our outpatient department at Mogadishu Somali Turkey Training and Research Hospital. Methods: In this cross-sectional study conducted in the largest referral hospital in Mogadishu Somalia, all adult patients who volunteered to give consent have participated in the study. We excluded pregnant women, individuals taking medications that could affect glucose metabolism (e.g., steroids, beta-blockers, and thiazide diuretics), and confirmed diabetic patients from our study. Results: Seven hundred and twenty-two adults with a mean age of 42.85 ± 18.23 years were included. Most of the participants were female 432 (59.8%), aged 20–40 years 329 (45.6%). The prevalence of IFG was common among males (22.4%) and those 60 years and above (30.6%), while the prevalence of undiagnosed DM was high among males (9.7%), aged 40–60 years (13.4%). In the bivariate analysis, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, systolic blood pressure, and comorbidities were found to be significantly associated with the prevalence of IFG in all age groups. Conclusions: IFG was common among outpatient adults. Increased urbanization, the rise of the middle class, and population aging will lead to considerable rises in IFG, undiagnosed diabetes, and diabetes in Somalia in the next years. To limit the growth of diabetes in Somalia, public health interventions must be implemented soon. Promoting the health system and providing education can help.","PeriodicalId":15490,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Sciences","volume":"184 2 1","pages":"65 - 70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81045301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Enweluzo, O. Akinmokun, E. Alabi, A. Ohadugha, S. Giwa
Background: Infection remains an important complication of surgical procedures. It is an important aspect of patient care as it can be a source of distress for the patients, and the healthcare system in terms of finance and psychological impact. The administration of appropriate prophylactic antibiotics is important in the prevention of surgical site infection (SSI). However, resistance to antibiotics by the micro-organisms is a growing concern in the healthcare industry. This study compared the infection rate between Ceftriaxone and Ceftriaxone-Tazobactam combination as surgical prophylaxis in Nigerian population. Method: This was a double blinded randomized study conducted at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital from October 2020 to September2021. Two hundred and forty (240) patients ,who were to have surgical procedures performed on them, were recruited and randomly distributed into two groups (A&B) of 120 patients each. Group A were those who had Ceftriaxone alone ,while group B were those who had combination of Ceftriaxone and Tazobactam. Results: There was no statistical difference in the demographic characteristics of the two groups .The crude infection rate was 3 .8 %. The infection rate in group A was 3 .3 % within the first week but increased to 4 .2 % in the second week. The infection rate in group B was 3 .3 % within the first week and second week. At 30 days, the infection rate within group A was 2 .5 % and 0 % in group B. Regression analysis showed advanced age (P =0 .003), level of education (P =0 .0001),prolonged duration of surgery (P =0 .012) and excessive blood loss (P =0 .0001) as the important factors associated with development of SSI in the patients included in the study. Conclusion: Surgical site infection remains an important complication following surgeries. Certain factors such as advanced age, prolonged surgery and excessive blood loss increase the risk for SSI. Efforts should be geared towards prevention of SSI in patients by modifying risk factors that are modifiable and using antibiotics with better infection rate as prophylaxis.
{"title":"Surgical site infection in Nigerian patients: A comparative study of two prophylactic antibiotics","authors":"G. Enweluzo, O. Akinmokun, E. Alabi, A. Ohadugha, S. Giwa","doi":"10.4103/jcls.jcls_24_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jcls.jcls_24_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Infection remains an important complication of surgical procedures. It is an important aspect of patient care as it can be a source of distress for the patients, and the healthcare system in terms of finance and psychological impact. The administration of appropriate prophylactic antibiotics is important in the prevention of surgical site infection (SSI). However, resistance to antibiotics by the micro-organisms is a growing concern in the healthcare industry. This study compared the infection rate between Ceftriaxone and Ceftriaxone-Tazobactam combination as surgical prophylaxis in Nigerian population. Method: This was a double blinded randomized study conducted at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital from October 2020 to September2021. Two hundred and forty (240) patients ,who were to have surgical procedures performed on them, were recruited and randomly distributed into two groups (A&B) of 120 patients each. Group A were those who had Ceftriaxone alone ,while group B were those who had combination of Ceftriaxone and Tazobactam. Results: There was no statistical difference in the demographic characteristics of the two groups .The crude infection rate was 3 .8 %. The infection rate in group A was 3 .3 % within the first week but increased to 4 .2 % in the second week. The infection rate in group B was 3 .3 % within the first week and second week. At 30 days, the infection rate within group A was 2 .5 % and 0 % in group B. Regression analysis showed advanced age (P =0 .003), level of education (P =0 .0001),prolonged duration of surgery (P =0 .012) and excessive blood loss (P =0 .0001) as the important factors associated with development of SSI in the patients included in the study. Conclusion: Surgical site infection remains an important complication following surgeries. Certain factors such as advanced age, prolonged surgery and excessive blood loss increase the risk for SSI. Efforts should be geared towards prevention of SSI in patients by modifying risk factors that are modifiable and using antibiotics with better infection rate as prophylaxis.","PeriodicalId":15490,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"59 - 64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82195830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Thoracotomy in children is relatively rare compared to adults. It can be very challenging due to the peculiar anatomy and physiology in this age group. The objective of the study was to study the indications, outcomes, and complications following thoracotomy. Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of the medical charts of neonates, infants, and children who had undergone thoracotomy under general anesthesia from January 2011 to December 2020 at our institution. Furthermore, we searched for the childhood thoracic diseases necessitating thoracotomy; the indications and complications following thoracotomy, as well as, the quality of life following thoracotomy. The children had either posterolateral or lateral thoracotomy, which spared the latissimus dorsi and/or serratus anterior. Data collected included demographics, surgical intervention, duration of intensive care unit admission, postoperative complications, and clinical outcome. Results: Out of the 39 patients, a majority were female 20 (51.3%), the most common indication for thoracotomy was congenital anomalies in 25 (64.1%) patients (lung malformations, 35.9% and patent ductus arteriosus, 28.2%), followed by foreign body aspiration (20.21%). Postoperative complications were seen in 15 (38.5%), out of whom 3 (20%) had atelectasis, chylothorax in 1 (6.7%), and wound dehiscence in 2 (13.3%). The 30-day mortality was 12.8%. The quality of life as assessed by Karnofsky performance status within 6–12 months after discharge in 32 children was 100 and in two patients (90). Conclusion: The most common indication and complication following thoracotomy at our institution was congenital anomalies in 25 (64.1%) patients (lung malformations, 35.9% and patent ductus arteriosus, 28.2%), and atelectasis, respectively. The 30-day mortality after thoracotomy was 12.8%.
{"title":"Thoracotomy in children: A decade review of indications and outcomes","authors":"E. Ogunleye, O. Olusoji, O. Adekola","doi":"10.4103/jcls.jcls_67_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jcls.jcls_67_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Thoracotomy in children is relatively rare compared to adults. It can be very challenging due to the peculiar anatomy and physiology in this age group. The objective of the study was to study the indications, outcomes, and complications following thoracotomy. Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of the medical charts of neonates, infants, and children who had undergone thoracotomy under general anesthesia from January 2011 to December 2020 at our institution. Furthermore, we searched for the childhood thoracic diseases necessitating thoracotomy; the indications and complications following thoracotomy, as well as, the quality of life following thoracotomy. The children had either posterolateral or lateral thoracotomy, which spared the latissimus dorsi and/or serratus anterior. Data collected included demographics, surgical intervention, duration of intensive care unit admission, postoperative complications, and clinical outcome. Results: Out of the 39 patients, a majority were female 20 (51.3%), the most common indication for thoracotomy was congenital anomalies in 25 (64.1%) patients (lung malformations, 35.9% and patent ductus arteriosus, 28.2%), followed by foreign body aspiration (20.21%). Postoperative complications were seen in 15 (38.5%), out of whom 3 (20%) had atelectasis, chylothorax in 1 (6.7%), and wound dehiscence in 2 (13.3%). The 30-day mortality was 12.8%. The quality of life as assessed by Karnofsky performance status within 6–12 months after discharge in 32 children was 100 and in two patients (90). Conclusion: The most common indication and complication following thoracotomy at our institution was congenital anomalies in 25 (64.1%) patients (lung malformations, 35.9% and patent ductus arteriosus, 28.2%), and atelectasis, respectively. The 30-day mortality after thoracotomy was 12.8%.","PeriodicalId":15490,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Sciences","volume":"205 1","pages":"41 - 45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80391581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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