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Postmastectomy breast reconstruction awareness and attitudes in Nigerian women with breast cancer: A descriptive, cross sectional survey 尼日利亚乳腺癌妇女乳房切除术后乳房重建意识和态度:一项描述性横断面调查
IF 0.1 Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4103/jcls.jcls_28_21
A. Michael, O. Olawoye, S. Ademola, Ebere Ugwu, F. Sarimiye, O. Ayandipo, R. Aderibigbe, A. Iyun, O. Oluwatosin
Introduction: Sub-Saharan Africa has a high burden of breast cancer and very low rates of breast reconstruction. This study aimed to determine the awareness of and attitude to breast reconstruction among women with breast cancer who had mastectomy. Methods: A cross-sectional study of women with breast cancer who underwent mastectomy was done. Participants were recruited from September 2020 to January 2021 from the surgical oncology and radio-oncology outpatient clinics of the University College Hospital, Ibadan. A multivariate logistic regression was used to determine predictors of awareness and attitudes to breast reconstruction. P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Fifty-one women participated in the study. The mean age was 54.76 (+9.94) years. Most, 30 (58.8%) of them had tertiary level of education, were working, 39 (76.5%) and were married, 41 (80%). Funding for the mastectomies was mainly out-of-pocket 34 (66.7%). Most 37 (72.5%) were not aware that the breast could be reconstructed before their surgery and only one (1.96%) of the women had breast reconstruction. The reason most proffered for declining breast reconstruction was not wanting another surgery 13 (33.3%). The age (odds ratio [OR] 0.02, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.001–0.33), P = 0.006 of the participants and the educational status (OR 12.50, 95% CI 1.86–84.26), P = 0.009 were significant predictors of awareness of breast reconstruction. None of the variables were significant predictors of positive attitudes to breast reconstruction. Conclusion: There is a very low level of awareness of breast reconstruction. Younger age and tertiary education were significant predictors of awareness of breast reconstruction.
撒哈拉以南非洲地区乳腺癌发病率高,乳房重建率低。本研究旨在了解乳腺癌切除患者对乳房再造术的认识和态度。方法:对接受乳房切除术的乳腺癌患者进行横断面研究。参与者于2020年9月至2021年1月从伊巴丹大学学院医院的外科肿瘤学和放射肿瘤学门诊招募。采用多元逻辑回归来确定对乳房重建的意识和态度的预测因素。P≤0.05认为有统计学意义。结果:51名女性参与了这项研究。平均年龄54.76岁(+9.94)岁。其中大专以上学历30人(58.8%)有工作,已婚39人(76.5%),已婚41人(80%)。乳房切除术的资金主要是自付34(66.7%)。37例(72.5%)患者术前不知道乳房可以再造术,仅有1例(1.96%)进行了再造术。选择乳房再造术的主要原因是不想再做一次手术(33.3%)。参与者的年龄(优势比[OR] 0.02, 95%可信区间[CI] 0.001-0.33), P = 0.006)和教育程度(优势比[OR] 12.50, 95% CI 1.86-84.26), P = 0.009是乳房重建意识的显著预测因素。没有一个变量是对乳房重建积极态度的显著预测因子。结论:女性对乳房再造术的认识水平很低。年龄较小和高等教育程度是乳房重建意识的重要预测因素。
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引用次数: 0
Faculty of clinical sciences to hold its first international conference 临床科学学院举办首届国际会议
IF 0.1 Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4103/jcls.jcls_17_22
A. Ademuyiwa
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引用次数: 0
Knowledge, attitude, and anxiety of Nigerian nurses toward coronavirus: An online cross-sectional survey 尼日利亚护士对冠状病毒的知识、态度和焦虑:一项在线横断面调查
IF 0.1 Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4103/jcls.jcls_10_21
O. Abazie, O. Mobolaji-Olajide, Linda C. Odikpo, E. Duke, D. Gbahabo, U. Musa-Malikki
Background: Health care workers have been affected the most by coronavirus all over the world. Their knowledge and attitude toward caring for people with coronavirus have neither reduced their anxiety nor number of casualties from the pandemic. The aim of this study is on knowledge, attitude, and anxiety of Nigerian nurses toward coronavirus. Methods: A cross sectional, online quantitative survey of the six geopolitical zones in Nigeria was done using multistage sampling technique. Data were collected using Google Forms from 209 nurses, and the Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) version 20 software was used for data analysis. Level of anxiety was determined using Generalized Anxiety Disorder Assessment. Descriptive data of participants were presented in tables, charts, percentages, means, and standard deviation, while the inferential data were tested with Chi square at a significance level of P = 0.05. Results: Mean age of the respondents was 41.01 ± 8.21 years, with 13.1 ± 8.44 years as mean for years of experience. Only 57% had good knowledge with mean of 10.67 ± 1.197, while 70.8% had positive attitude toward nursing care during coronavirus pandemic. Anxiety level increased from 1.88 ± 0.82 before to 2.33 ± 0.96 during the pandemic. Association of knowledge and anxiety before and during was P = 0.79 and P = 0.27, respectively. Gender and age were significant with anxiety during the pandemic with P = 0.01 and P = 0.02, respectively. Conclusion: Adequate knowledge with positive attitude may not be enough to reduce the anxiety level of nurses, hence the need for adequate psychosocial support and provision of personal protective equipment for the nurses in other to keep them safe for optimum health workforce.
背景:在世界范围内,卫生保健工作者是受冠状病毒影响最大的群体。他们对照顾冠状病毒感染者的知识和态度既没有减少他们的焦虑,也没有减少大流行造成的伤亡人数。本研究的目的是了解尼日利亚护士对冠状病毒的知识、态度和焦虑。方法:采用多阶段抽样技术对尼日利亚六个地缘政治区域进行横断面在线定量调查。采用Google表格对209名护士进行数据收集,采用SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science) version 20软件进行数据分析。使用广泛性焦虑障碍评估确定焦虑水平。描述性资料采用表格、图表、百分比、均值、标准差等形式呈现,推断性资料采用卡方检验,P = 0.05。结果:被调查者的平均年龄为41.01±8.21岁,经验年数平均为13.1±8.44岁。对冠状病毒大流行期间的护理有良好认识的占57%(平均10.67±1.197),对护理有积极态度的占70.8%。焦虑水平由疫情前的1.88±0.82上升至疫情后的2.33±0.96。治疗前、治疗中知识与焦虑的相关性分别为P = 0.79和P = 0.27。性别和年龄对大流行期间的焦虑有显著影响,分别为P = 0.01和P = 0.02。结论:充分的知识和积极的态度可能不足以降低护士的焦虑水平,因此需要为其他护士提供足够的心理社会支持和个人防护装备,以保证他们的安全,成为最佳的卫生人力资源。
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引用次数: 0
Assessment in medical education: Can we pay more attention to formative assessment? 医学教育评价:能否重视形成性评价?
IF 0.1 Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.4103/jcls.jcls_51_21
C. Esezobor
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引用次数: 0
17th annual scientific conference of the faculty of clinical sciences held on wednesday july 17, 2021 临床科学学院第十七届年度科学会议于2021年7月17日星期三举行
IF 0.1 Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.4103/jcls.jcls_40_21
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引用次数: 0
Eye-related complaints presenting to the accident and emergency department in a Nigerian tertiary hospital 尼日利亚一家三级医院的事故和急诊科提出的与眼睛有关的投诉
IF 0.1 Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.4103/jcls.jcls_13_21
D. Kayoma, C. Ukponmwan, J. Ese-Onakewhor
Background: In resource-limited countries, it is important that only genuine ophthalmic emergencies should be seen in the Accident and Emergency department to reduce the pressure on the limited human and material resources. The aim of the study is to determine the pattern of eye-related emergencies who presented to the Accident and Emergency department in a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital. Methods: This was a retrospective chart review of all consecutive ophthalmic patients who presented at the general Accident and Emergency department of the University of Benin Teaching Hospital between July 2018 and December 2020. Patients who discharged themselves against medical advice were not included in the study. Results: A total of 363 presented with ophthalmic complaints, and their mean age was 32.6 ± 20.2 years. Most of the cases presented as emergencies (61.4%) with more than half (32.8%) requiring ocular surgery. Eyelid laceration was the leading cause of presentation (12.4%). Emergency cases were more likely to present during the weekend (71.5%). Males were 5.1% less likely to present as emergencies. Conclusion: Most of the cases were emergencies with eyelid laceration and penetrating eye injuries being the leading cause. Although the number of nonemergencies was less, the need for the inclusion of primary eye care in the existing primary healthcare centers will further reduce the number of non-emergency cases seen.
背景:在资源有限的国家,只有真正的眼科急诊才能在急诊科看到,以减轻有限的人力和物力资源的压力。本研究的目的是确定在尼日利亚某三级医院急诊科就诊的眼睛相关急诊病例的模式。方法:回顾性分析2018年7月至2020年12月在贝宁大学教学医院普通急诊科就诊的所有连续眼科患者。不遵医嘱自行出院的患者不在研究范围内。结果:363例患者出现眼病主诉,平均年龄32.6±20.2岁。大多数病例为急诊(61.4%),其中超过一半(32.8%)需要眼部手术。眼睑撕裂伤是主要原因(12.4%)。紧急病例更有可能出现在周末(71.5%)。男性出现紧急情况的可能性要低5.1%。结论:以急诊为主,眼睑撕裂伤和眼穿透伤为主要原因。虽然非紧急病例的数量较少,但在现有的初级保健中心纳入初级眼科护理的需求将进一步减少所见的非紧急病例的数量。
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引用次数: 0
The resilience of microbes – Man's great enemies 微生物的复原力——人类的大敌
IF 0.1 Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.4103/jcls.jcls_39_21
A. Osibogun
More than 1400 microbes are known to cause disease in man and are therefore classified as pathogenic microbes. Only 12% of microbes on earth are responsible for the emerging and re-emerging diseases. All infectious agents have adapted routes for exiting from their reservoirs of infection because that is the only way there can be a perpetuation of their species. Factors aiding the seeming resilience of microbes include microbial evolution and adaptation, human susceptibility, climate and weather, changing ecosystem, human demography and behaviour amongst others. Therefore, man must recognize that the war against microbes is likely going to be there permanently. If we are careless however, the microbes may make life uncomfortable for man and change how we live drastically. A strengthened health intelligence system will support an early warning system that gives clear pictures of what is on the ground and what is evolving. This will also monitor the environment including the water supply system, the sewage, the soil, and the air for evidence of microbes that may be pathogenic to man. We must also mount a robust anthropological surveillance to monitor human behavior as it may affect disease transmission and must search for and deploy effective antimicrobial agents. Overall, we must develop the human capacity that will efficiently deliver our selected strategies to detect, prevent, and mitigate the impact of microbes on human health.
已知有1400多种微生物可引起人类疾病,因此被归类为病原微生物。地球上只有12%的微生物对新出现和再出现的疾病负责。所有的传染因子都适应了离开感染宿主的途径,因为这是使其物种得以延续的唯一途径。帮助微生物表面上恢复力的因素包括微生物的进化和适应、人类的易感性、气候和天气、不断变化的生态系统、人口和行为等。因此,人类必须认识到,与微生物的战争可能会永远持续下去。然而,如果我们不小心,微生物可能会使人类的生活不舒服,并彻底改变我们的生活方式。一个得到加强的卫生情报系统将支持一个早期预警系统,该系统能够清楚地了解实地发生的情况和正在发生的情况。它还将监测环境,包括供水系统、污水、土壤和空气,以寻找可能对人类致病的微生物的证据。我们还必须开展强有力的人类学监测,以监测可能影响疾病传播的人类行为,并必须寻找和部署有效的抗菌剂。总的来说,我们必须发展人的能力,以便有效地实施我们选定的战略,以发现、预防和减轻微生物对人类健康的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Knowledge, attitude, and risk factors of hepatitis B among waste scavengers in Lagos, Nigeria 尼日利亚拉各斯拾荒者乙型肝炎的知识、态度和危险因素
IF 0.1 Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.4103/jcls.jcls_59_20
Aishat Oladipo, K. Odeyemi
Background: Hepatitis B is a major global health problem with a higher prevalence among waste workers compared to the general population. Inefficient waste segregation techniques and the unique property of hepatitis B whereby it can survive outside the body for about a week puts waste scavengers at a significant risk of this disease. The study aims to assess the knowledge and attitude toward hepatitis B and identify the risk factors of hepatitis B among waste scavengers in Lagos, Nigeria. Methods: In a descriptive cross-sectional study, information was obtained from waste scavengers using interviewer administered questionnaires. Respondents were selected consecutively. Data were analyzed using Epi Info™ version 7.2.2.6 and MS-Excel. The associations between variables were considered statistically significant if the two-tailed probability is <5%. Results: Out of 417 respondents, 51 (12.0%) were aware of hepatitis B. Among those aware, 95.0% had poor knowledge of hepatitis B. Majority (87.5%) had a negative attitude toward hepatitis B. The prevalence of needle stick injuries and exposure to blood was 46.5% and 25.7%, respectively. There is also a statistically significant association between the age and level of education of respondents and their attitude toward hepatitis B. Conclusions: Overall knowledge and attitude toward hepatitis B among respondents was poor. Exposure of the respondents at work to risk factors of hepatitis B was high as majority reported presence of used syringes and bloody materials in the waste. Health education programs focused on enlightening waste scavengers about hepatitis B should be organized.
背景:乙型肝炎是一个主要的全球健康问题,与一般人群相比,垃圾工人的患病率更高。低效的废物分类技术和乙型肝炎的独特特性(它可以在体外存活约一周)使废物清除者面临患这种疾病的重大风险。本研究旨在评估尼日利亚拉各斯拾捡者对乙型肝炎的认识和态度,并确定乙型肝炎的危险因素。方法:在一项描述性横断面研究中,通过采访者管理的问卷调查从废物清道夫那里获得信息。受访者是连续选择的。数据分析采用Epi Info™7.2.2.6版本和MS-Excel。如果双侧概率<5%,则认为变量之间的关联具有统计学意义。结果:417名调查对象中,有51人(12.0%)对乙肝有知晓率。知晓率为95.0%,对乙肝知识不了解的占95.0%。绝大多数(87.5%)对乙肝持否定态度,针刺伤和血接触率分别为46.5%和25.7%。调查对象的年龄、受教育程度与乙型肝炎态度之间也存在统计学上的显著相关性。结论:调查对象对乙型肝炎的总体知识和态度较差。答复者在工作中暴露于乙型肝炎危险因素的情况很高,因为大多数人报告在废物中存在用过的注射器和带血的材料。应该组织健康教育项目,重点是向拾荒者宣传乙型肝炎。
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引用次数: 0
Direct cost of treating childhood cancer in Lagos, Nigeria: A tale of financial inaccessibility to care 尼日利亚拉各斯治疗儿童癌症的直接费用:经济上无法获得治疗的故事
IF 0.1 Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.4103/jcls.jcls_87_20
A. Joseph, A. Akinsete, O. Awofeso, O. Balogun, K. Oyeyinka, A. Onitilo
Background: Unaffordable health-care costs are a critical factor in poor cancer care in low and middle-income countries. Net costs of treating childhood cancer in Nigeria are largely undocumented. This study sought to define the direct cost of pediatric cancer treatment in Lagos, Nigeria, to address this knowledge gap. Methods: This was a longitudinal study design targeting determination of cost of cancer-related care delivered to newly diagnosed childhood cancer patients at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria, from January 2017 to January 2020. Study participants included children with histologically confirmed diagnoses. All direct costs associated with care from the time of diagnosis until either remission or death were documented based on a parental survey at each patient encounter. Results: Among 46 enrolled participants (median age of 6 years), leukemia was the most common diagnosis. The median duration from diagnosis to last assessment was 11 months, and the average cost directly related from diagnosis to remission or death was NGN 5,064,700 (USD 13,876). The highest cost of care was associated with rhabdomyosarcoma, with an average cost of ₦6,798,635 ($18,678). These costs were juxtaposed to the average monthly family earning of NGN 115,228 (USD 316). Conclusion: This study revealed the direct cost of managing childhood cancer in Lagos, Nigeria, which proved unaffordable for most caregivers. Policies are needed to improve the affordability of health-care delivery for childhood cancer, including a focus on the adequacy of health insurance coverage and public health-related policies governing financial support targeting health-care delivery in the context of childhood cancer to improve outcomes.
背景:负担不起的保健费用是低收入和中等收入国家癌症护理不良的一个关键因素。在尼日利亚,治疗儿童癌症的净费用基本上没有记录。本研究旨在确定尼日利亚拉各斯儿童癌症治疗的直接成本,以解决这一知识差距。方法:这是一项纵向研究设计,旨在确定2017年1月至2020年1月在尼日利亚拉各斯Idi-Araba的拉各斯大学教学医院向新诊断的儿童癌症患者提供癌症相关治疗的成本。研究对象包括组织学确诊的儿童。从诊断到缓解或死亡期间与护理相关的所有直接费用均记录在每次患者就诊时父母调查的基础上。结果:在46名参与者中(中位年龄6岁),白血病是最常见的诊断。从诊断到最后一次评估的中位持续时间为11个月,从诊断到缓解或死亡直接相关的平均费用为5,064,700挪威元(13,876美元)。横纹肌肉瘤的护理费用最高,平均费用为6,798,635奈拉(18,678美元)。这些费用与家庭月平均收入115,228新台币(316美元)并列。结论:这项研究揭示了在尼日利亚拉各斯管理儿童癌症的直接成本,这对大多数护理人员来说是负担不起的。需要制定政策,提高儿童癌症保健服务的可负担性,包括注重健康保险覆盖范围的充分性和管理针对儿童癌症保健服务提供的财政支助的公共健康相关政策,以改善结果。
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引用次数: 1
Dunbar (or median arcuate ligament) syndrome: A case series 邓巴(或正中弓状韧带)综合征:一个病例系列
IF 0.1 Pub Date : 2021-09-14 DOI: 10.51201/jusst/21/09562
Praveen Sharma, Pavankumar Mathapati, M. Meyyappan, Keerthi Vatsan
Dunbar syndrome (DS) (or median arcuate ligament [MAL] syndrome) is a rare entity of the vascular compression syndrome, where there is focal proximal coeliac axis compression by MAL. It results in an insufficient supply of blood to the respective organs of the gastrointestinal tract. Multidetector computed tomography is a very convenient, noninvasive modality in diagnosing this condition and helpful in distinguishing it from other conditions, such as atherosclerotic disease. DS can further be treated disorder surgically by relieving the compression and sometimes may need vascular reconstruction. We present five cases of the DS.
邓巴综合征(或称正中弓韧带[MAL]综合征)是一种罕见的血管压迫综合征,主要表现为MAL压迫腹腔近端轴,导致胃肠道各器官供血不足。多检测器计算机断层扫描是一种非常方便、无创的诊断方法,有助于将其与其他疾病(如动脉粥样硬化性疾病)区分开来。退行性椎体滑移可进一步通过外科手术解除压迫,有时可能需要血管重建。我们报告了5例DS。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Clinical Sciences
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