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World Health Organization medical product alert N°6/2022: A clarion call for eternal vigilance 世界卫生组织第6/2022号医疗产品警报:永远保持警惕的号角
IF 0.1 Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.4103/jcls.jcls_71_22
Adesoji O. Ademuyiwa
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引用次数: 0
Breast cancer heterogeneity: Comparing pre- and postmenopausal breast cancer in an African population 乳腺癌异质性:比较非洲人口绝经前和绝经后乳腺癌
IF 0.1 Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.4103/jcls.jcls_47_22
F. Ntirenganya, J. Twagirumukiza, Georges Bucyibaruta, B. Rugwizangoga, S. Rulisa
Background: Breast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent cancer in women and the leading cause of women's cancer-related deaths and morbidity worldwide. Conventionally considered as a single disease, recent advances suggest that BC is rather a heterogeneous disease with different molecular subtypes exhibiting distinct clinical presentation, anatomo-pathological features, response to treatment and survival outcomes. The purpose of this study was to compare tumor characteristics and epidemiologic risk factors associated with premenopausal versus postmenopausal BC and to assess heterogeneity by menopausal status. Methods: This was a comparative cross-sectional study. A total of 340 patients were included in the study (170 premenopausal vs. 170 postmenopausal BC). Patients' and tumor characteristics were compared in both populations. Percentages and means have been used for descriptive statistics. For categorical variables with comparison groups not exceeding 2, Fischer's exact test was used, otherwise, Chi-square test was used. For continuous variables, Mann–Whitney U-test has been used to compare the numerical ranked variables. A value of P = 0.05 or less was considered statistically significant. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) was estimated using logistic regression analysis. Results: The median age of patients was 49 years (range: 18–89 years), with premenopausal median age of 41 years (range 18–50 years) and postmenopausal median age of 58 years (range 48–89 years). Factors associated more with the occurrence of premenopausal BC than postmenopausal BC were obesity/overweight in adolescence/early adulthood (OR = 0.29 95% CI 0.18–0.49, P < 0.001) and history of benign breast disease (OR 0.34 95% CI 0.14–0.83, P = 0.014), while factors associated more with postmenopausal than premenopausal BC included alcohol intake (OR = 2.47 95% CI 1.54–3.98, P < 0.001), history of breastfeeding (OR = 2.75 1.12–6.78, P = 0.036). However, sports activities (OR = 0.33 95% CI 0.16–0.65, P = 0.0015) and contraceptive use (OR = 0.19 95% CI 0.12–0.32, P < 0.001) seem to be protective for postmenopausal BC. In premenopausal period, patients presented more at advanced stages (Stage III and IV) (51.2% of premenopausal vs. 44.7% for postmenopausal, P = 0.0246), reported more intermediate-to-rapid disease progression (92% in premenopausal vs. 81.1% in postmenopausal (P < 0.001), had more invasive ductal carcinoma (98% in premenopausal vs. 93.5% in postmenopausal (P = 0.053) and had more poorly differentiated tumors (72% compared to 19.4% of postmenopausal BC patients (P < 0.0001). There was no statistically difference in molecular subtypes distribution between premenopausal and postmenopausal women (P = 0.062). However, progesterone receptor (PR) positivity was more associated with postmenopausal BC (P = 0.0165). Conclusion: BC is a heterogeneous disease. Premenopausal BC seems to be more aggressive than postmenopausal BC, with a relatively high prevalence of p
背景:乳腺癌(BC)是女性中最常见的癌症,也是世界范围内女性癌症相关死亡和发病的主要原因。传统上被认为是一种单一疾病,最近的进展表明,BC是一种异质性疾病,具有不同的分子亚型,表现出不同的临床表现、解剖病理特征、对治疗的反应和生存结果。本研究的目的是比较与绝经前和绝经后BC相关的肿瘤特征和流行病学危险因素,并评估绝经状态的异质性。方法:采用比较横断面研究。研究共纳入340例患者(170例绝经前和170例绝经后BC)。比较两组患者和肿瘤特征。描述性统计使用了百分比和平均数。对于比较分组不超过2的分类变量,采用Fischer精确检验,否则采用卡方检验。对于连续变量,采用Mann-Whitney u检验对数值排序变量进行比较。P = 0.05或更小的值被认为具有统计学意义。使用logistic回归分析估计优势比(OR)和95%置信区间(CI)。结果:患者中位年龄49岁(范围18-89岁),绝经前患者中位年龄41岁(范围18-50岁),绝经后患者中位年龄58岁(范围48-89岁)。绝经前乳腺癌比绝经后乳腺癌发生的相关因素有青春期/成年早期肥胖/超重(OR = 0.29 95% CI 0.18-0.49, P < 0.001)和乳腺良性疾病史(OR = 0.34 95% CI 0.14-0.83, P = 0.014),绝经后乳腺癌比绝经前乳腺癌发生的相关因素有饮酒(OR = 2.47 95% CI 1.54-3.98, P < 0.001)、母乳喂养史(OR = 2.75 1.12-6.78, P = 0.036)。然而,体育活动(OR = 0.33 95% CI 0.16-0.65, P = 0.0015)和避孕措施的使用(OR = 0.19 95% CI 0.12-0.32, P < 0.001)似乎对绝经后BC有保护作用。在绝经前,患者更多出现在晚期(III期和IV期)(绝经前的51.2% vs绝经后的44.7%,P = 0.0246),报告更多的中快速疾病进展(绝经前的92% vs绝经后的81.1% (P < 0.001)),有更多的浸润性导管癌(绝经前的98% vs绝经后的93.5% (P = 0.053)),有更多的低分化肿瘤(72% vs 19.4%)绝经后BC患者(P < 0.0001)。绝经前和绝经后妇女的分子亚型分布无统计学差异(P = 0.062)。然而,孕激素受体(PR)阳性与绝经后BC的相关性更大(P = 0.0165)。结论:BC是一种异质性疾病。绝经前BC似乎比绝经后BC更具侵袭性,低分化和高级别肿瘤的患病率相对较高,进展迅速。然而,绝经前和绝经后的BC具有相似的分子亚型,PR表达不同,但ER和人表皮生长因子受体2/Neu癌基因表达相似。
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引用次数: 0
Anemia in pregnancy: Prevalence among clients attending antenatal clinics in Chikun LGA, Kaduna, Nigeria 妊娠期贫血:在尼日利亚卡杜纳Chikun LGA产前诊所就诊的客户患病率
IF 0.1 Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.4103/jcls.jcls_42_22
B. Nwankwo, Sarah Joseph, N. Usman, A. Oyefabi
Background: Despite concerted global efforts to reduce the burden of maternal anemia, it remains a major public health issue. Over 40% of pregnant women worldwide are anemic; low- and middle-income countries (especially those in sub-Saharan Africa) make a disproportionately higher contribution to the global burden. The condition can lead to undesirable outcomes for the mother and child. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of anemia in pregnancy among women attending antenatal clinics in Chikun LGA, Kaduna. Methods: This study was conducted among 145 women attending antenatal clinics in Chikun LGA. Data were collected using a pretested, semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. Hemoglobin (Hb) level was determined and anemia was defined using the World Health Organization-recommended cutoff of <11 g/dl. The results were presented in frequency tables. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 26. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: Fifty-five (37.9%) of the respondents were between the ages of 25 and 29 years. The mean age of the respondents was 28.61 ± 5.5 years. The majority, 107 (73.8%), had a household size of 2–4. Only 16 (11.0%) respondents were aware of anemia. Pregnant women were identified by half (50.0%) of the respondents as being more at risk of anemia. Only a quarter (25.0%) of respondents had good knowledge of anemia. Over two-fifth (42.8%) of the respondents were anemic. There was a statistically significant relationship between household size and anemia in respondents. Conclusion: A large proportion of the respondents were anemic; this underscores the need to strengthen the nutritional counseling and routine hematinics given during the antenatal period. Social drivers should also be addressed in terms of favorable public policies.
背景:尽管全球共同努力减轻孕产妇贫血的负担,但它仍然是一个重大的公共卫生问题。全世界超过40%的孕妇患有贫血;低收入和中等收入国家(特别是撒哈拉以南非洲国家)对全球负担的贡献高得不成比例。这种情况会给母亲和孩子带来不良后果。本研究旨在确定在卡杜纳Chikun LGA产前诊所就诊的妇女妊娠期贫血的患病率。方法:本研究对赤昆地区145名产前门诊妇女进行调查。数据收集使用预测试,半结构化的访谈者管理问卷。测定血红蛋白(Hb)水平,根据世界卫生组织推荐的临界值<11 g/dl确定贫血。结果以频率表的形式呈现。数据分析采用IBM SPSS Statistics version 26。差异有统计学意义,P < 0.05。结果:55名(37.9%)受访者年龄在25 ~ 29岁之间。受访者平均年龄28.61±5.5岁。绝大多数是107人(73.8%),家庭人数为2-4人。只有16名(11.0%)受访者知道贫血。一半(50.0%)的应答者认为孕妇患贫血的风险更大。只有四分之一(25.0%)的受访者对贫血有良好的了解。超过五分之二(42.8%)的受访者患有贫血。调查对象的家庭规模与贫血之间存在统计学上的显著关系。结论:受访人群中有较大比例贫血;这强调了在产前加强营养咨询和常规血液学的必要性。社会驱动因素也应该在有利的公共政策方面得到解决。
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引用次数: 0
Use of guidewire in assisted urethral catheterization and urethral dilatation with Cook's S dilators: A viable option in resource limited setting 在资源有限的情况下,导丝辅助导尿和Cook S型扩张器扩张尿道是一种可行的选择
IF 0.1 Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.4103/jcls.jcls_35_22
Adedeji Fatuga, A. Oliyide, Oyedele Hassan, E. Jeje
Difficult urethral catheterization (DUC) is a commonly encountered emergency by urologists. A review of literature describes many techniques which are not readily accessible in resource-limited settings. We present our recent experience with the use of Terumo hydrophilic guidewire in the management of DUCs and planned elective management of urethral strictures presenting this as a viable option in reducing the frequency of emergency suprapubic catheterization with its attendant risks and costs.
导尿困难(DUC)是泌尿科医生经常遇到的紧急情况。文献综述描述了许多在资源有限的环境中不易获得的技术。我们介绍了我们最近使用Terumo亲水性导丝治疗DUCs和计划选择性治疗尿道狭窄的经验,表明这是一种可行的选择,可以减少紧急耻骨上导尿的频率,以及伴随的风险和成本。
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引用次数: 0
Epidemiological and radiological patterns of paediatric fractures in an elite community in South West Nigeria 尼日利亚西南部一个精英社区儿童骨折的流行病学和放射学模式
IF 0.1 Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.4103/jcls.jcls_55_22
O. Omidiji, O. Akinmokun, O. Olowoyeye
Background: Fracture remains a common cause of morbidity, mortality, and disability in childhood. The etiology of fractures varies between and within countries and depends on the socioeconomic and environmental conditions. Etiology of fractures from the elite and high socioeconomic class community has not been documented and this study aimed to document such, including the radiographic features. Methods: A prospective, descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted on 38 children below 17 years that presented with injured limb between July 1, 2018, and June 30, 2020, to a private facility located within a highbrow location in Lagos, Nigeria. Ethical approval was obtained from the Health Research and Ethics Committee, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba. Data were collected with pro forma. Data analysis was done using the Microsoft excel and Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software (SPSS) for Windows version 21. Results: Thirty-eight children were recruited. The mean age was 8.78 ± 4.35 years. The male-to-female ratio was 3.2–1. Fall was the most common cause of the fracture. Injury occurred most within the school environment followed by the home environment. All the injured presented with pain and swelling of the affected parts. The upper limbs were more injured. Transverse fractures were the most common radiographic findings. Moderate-to-severe displacement of fracture edges was seen in 55.3%, with severe angulations of fracture edges in 23.4%. Majority of the fractures were managed conservatively. Conclusion: Majority of the fractures were due to falls. Most are complete and transverse fractures. A higher percentage was displaced. The management was mostly conservative.
背景:骨折仍然是儿童发病、死亡和残疾的常见原因。骨折的病因在国家之间和国家内部各不相同,并取决于社会经济和环境条件。精英和高社会经济阶层社区骨折的病因尚未被记录,本研究旨在记录这一点,包括影像学特征。方法:对2018年7月1日至2020年6月30日期间出现肢体损伤的38名17岁以下儿童进行了一项前瞻性、描述性、横断面研究,这些儿童在尼日利亚拉各斯的一家私人机构接受治疗。获得了拉各斯大学教学医院卫生研究和伦理委员会的伦理批准。数据以形式收集。数据分析使用Microsoft excel和统计软件包的社会科学软件(SPSS)为Windows版本21。结果:招募了38名儿童。平均年龄8.78±4.35岁。男女比例为3.2-1。摔伤是骨折最常见的原因。伤害发生在学校环境中最多,其次是家庭环境。所有受伤者均表现为受累部位疼痛和肿胀。上肢受伤更严重。横向骨折是最常见的x线表现。中度至重度骨折边缘移位占55.3%,重度骨折边缘成角占23.4%。大多数骨折采用保守治疗。结论:骨折以跌倒为主。大多数为完全性和横向骨折。更高比例的人流离失所。管理层大多是保守的。
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引用次数: 2
Clinico-odontological management of medically compromised patients during intra-alveolar exodontia in Saudi Arabia: A retrospective study 沙特阿拉伯牙槽内长牙患者的临床牙科学治疗:一项回顾性研究
IF 0.1 Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.4103/jcls.jcls_31_22
R. Braimah, Dawood Ali-Alsuliman, B. Alyami, Abdurrazaq Taiwo, A. Ibikunle, Abdullah Al-walah
Objective: Worldwide, the increase in chronic comorbid medical conditions in the young and elderly is of a major concern, especially in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to investigate the prevalence and clinico-odontological management of medically compromised during intra-alveolar exodontia in Saudi Arabia. Methods: This 5-year retrospective study was conducted on patients who had intra-alveolar extraction of teeth at the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery of a government referral hospital, between January 2016 and December 2020. Data on the age, gender, comorbid medical conditions, and management protocols which include general, specific, and special consultations with relevant specialties were also recorded and analyzed. Results: The prevalence of comorbidities in 8065 patients seen during the study period was 19.6%. There were 1578 (748 [47.4%] males and 830 [52.6%] females) patients with age range of 10–102 years. The mean (±standard deviation) of 36 (16.6) was observed. The most frequent spectrum of medical conditions discovered included endocrine (458 [29.0%]), cardiac (259 [16.4%]), respiratory (79 [5.0%]), central nervous system (83 [5.2%]), and autoimmune (54 [3.4%]). Five hundred and sixteen (32.7%) patients had combined medical conditions. Out of the 1578 patients with medical conditions, 1554 (98.5%) were on routine prescription medications. Conclusions: The current study observed that 19.6% of patients presenting for intra-alveolar tooth extractions were medically compromised. Majority were in middle age and were female. Endocrine and cardiac abnormalities were most prevalent medical conditions. Prescription medications were observed in 98.2%.
目的:在世界范围内,年轻人和老年人慢性合并症的增加是一个主要问题,特别是在沙特阿拉伯。因此,本研究的目的是调查沙特阿拉伯牙槽内长牙期间医学受损的患病率和临床牙科学处理。方法:对2016年1月至2020年12月在某政府转诊医院口腔颌面外科进行牙槽内拔牙的患者进行5年回顾性研究。还记录和分析了年龄、性别、合并症和管理方案(包括与相关专业的一般、特殊和特殊咨询)的数据。结果:8065例患者共病发生率为19.6%。1578例,其中男性748例(47.4%),女性830例(52.6%),年龄10 ~ 102岁。平均(±标准差)为36(16.6)。最常见的疾病包括内分泌(458例[29.0%])、心脏(259例[16.4%])、呼吸(79例[5.0%])、中枢神经系统(83例[5.2%])和自身免疫(54例[3.4%])。516例(32.7%)患者有综合医疗条件。在1578名有医疗状况的患者中,1554名(98.5%)在服用常规处方药。结论:目前的研究发现,19.6%的患者在牙槽内拔牙时存在医学上的缺陷。其中大多数是中年女性。内分泌和心脏异常是最普遍的疾病。处方药物占98.2%。
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引用次数: 0
Elevated homocysteine and crises state in patients with sickle cell anemia: A comparative study 镰状细胞性贫血患者同型半胱氨酸升高与危象状态的比较研究
IF 0.1 Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.4103/jcls.jcls_33_22
A. Orolu, T. Adeyemo, Alani S Akanmu
Background: High plasma concentration of homocysteine (Hcy) is a well-established risk factor for several disorders, including cardiovascular disease, stroke, venous thrombosis, and arteriosclerosis. Folic acid deficiency leads to an increase in homocysteine. This study aimed to test whether elevated serum homocysteine, diminished folate, and B12 levels correlate with the frequency of crisis in sickle cell disease (SCD). Methods: This was a comparative cross-sectional study conducted on 110 adults consisting of participants with SCD in vaso-occlusive crises (VOC), SCD in hyperhemolytic crises (HHC), SCD in steady-state (SS), and healthy controls. Serum homocysteine, folate, and B12 levels were determined using the Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. The level of statistical significance was defined as P < 0.05, at a 95% confidence interval. Results: The mean age of all participants was 25.5 ± 5.8 years. There was a statistically significant difference in mean serum homocysteine levels with mean levels of (11.9 ± 4.5, 13.1 ± 5.4, 10.3 ± 2.3, 9.9 ± 2.5 μmol/L) in participants in VOC, HHC, SS, and controls, respectively (P = 0.016). With a cut-off of <15 μmol/L, hyperhomocysteinemia was seen in 31.% and 26.7% of participants in HHC and VOC, respectively. Conversely, no participant in the SS or the control group had hyperhomocysteinemia. Serum folate (nmol/L) level was lower, though not significantly, in the HHC group than in the other groups, with 9.9 ± 5.5 versus 12.7 ± 6.8, 11.8 ± 4.1 and 12.7 ± 2.2 nmol/L for the VOC, SS, and control group, respectively (P = 0.121). A significant inverse correlation was found between homocysteine and folate (correlation coefficient − 0.589 and P < 0.001) in all study participants. Conclusion: This study reveals significantly higher homocysteine levels in participants with sickle anemia in vaso-occlusive and hyperhemolytic crises (HHCs), highlighting homocysteine and folate role in the pathogenesis of these events.
背景:高血浆同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)浓度是几种疾病的一个公认的危险因素,包括心血管疾病、中风、静脉血栓形成和动脉硬化。叶酸缺乏会导致同型半胱氨酸增加。本研究旨在检测血清同型半胱氨酸升高、叶酸和B12水平降低是否与镰状细胞病(SCD)危重发生频率相关。方法:这是一项对110名成人进行的比较横断面研究,包括血管闭塞危化期(VOC) SCD、高溶血危化期(HHC) SCD、稳态(SS) SCD和健康对照。采用酶联免疫吸附法测定血清同型半胱氨酸、叶酸和B12水平。以P < 0.05定义统计学显著性水平,置信区间为95%。结果:所有参与者的平均年龄为25.5±5.8岁。VOC组、HHC组、SS组和对照组的平均血清同型半胱氨酸水平分别为(11.9±4.5、13.1±5.4、10.3±2.3、9.9±2.5 μmol/L),差异有统计学意义(P = 0.016)。截止值<15 μmol/L时,31例患者出现高同型半胱氨酸血症。HHC和VOC的参与者分别为%和26.7%。相反,没有参与者在SS或对照组有高同型半胱氨酸血症。血清叶酸(nmol/L)水平在HHC组低于其他组,但差异不显著,VOC组为9.9±5.5,SS组为12.7±6.8,11.8±4.1和12.7±2.2 nmol/L,对照组为12.7±2.2 nmol/L (P = 0.121)。在所有研究参与者中,同型半胱氨酸和叶酸之间存在显著的负相关(相关系数为- 0.589,P < 0.001)。结论:本研究揭示了镰状贫血患者血管闭塞和高溶血危期(hhc)的同型半胱氨酸水平显著升高,强调了同型半胱氨酸和叶酸在这些事件的发病机制中的作用。
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引用次数: 0
Feeding practices and nutrition in children of working and stay-At-Home mothers: A comparative study 工作母亲和全职母亲儿童的喂养方法和营养:一项比较研究
IF 0.1 Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.4103/jcls.jcls_32_22
Sananda Kumar, Barathy Chandrasegaran, Devi Kittu, R. Jayavani, S. Ananthakrishnan
Introduction: Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) for the first 6 months of life and timely introduction of complementary feeds (CFs) with continuation of breastfeeding up to 2 years or beyond are optimum infant and toddler nutrition practices. Mother's employment status influences the feeding practice which in turn can have a negative impact on the growth and development of the infant. The objectives of the study were to determine and compare breastfeeding and CF practices in working and stay-at-home mothers attending our health facility and its effect on the growth of their children. Methods: This observational comparative study was done on 200 mothers, 100 working mothers and 100 stay-at-home mothers of children aged 1–24 months after obtaining written consent. Data were recorded in a pretested semi-structured questionnaire using interview method. Details were elicited regarding feeding practices and illnesses in the child. Each infant's growth and development were assessed using the World Health Organization growth chart and Trivandrum development chart. Statistical tests used were descriptive statistics for frequencies, means and standard deviation, Chi-square for proportions, and Student's t-test for means. A P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: EBF for 6 months was given by 37% (37/100) of stay-at-home and 45% (45/100) of working mothers (P = 0.251). Breastfeeding beyond 6 months was given by 94.7% (n = 71/75) of stay-at-home and 93.8% of working mothers (n = 90/96, P = 0.800), and beyond 12 months by 61.1% n = 33/54) and 54.8%, respectively, (n = 40/73, P = 0.477). CF was initiated by 180 days by 44% of stay-at-home (44/100) and 55% of working mothers (55/100, P = 0.120). Underweight, wasting, and stunting were seen in 12%, 10%, and 13% (12/100, 10/100, 13/100), respectively, of stay-at-home and 14%, 15%, and 13% (14/100, 15/100, 13/100), respectively, of working mothers and there was no statistical difference between the two groups. A higher frequency of diarrheal episodes was observed in babies of working mothers (6/100, 6% vs. 18/100, 18%, P = 0.009). Conclusion: There was no statistical difference between stay-at-home and working mothers in time of initiation of first feed, giving colostrum, EBF rate, continued breastfeeding beyond 12 months, and age of initiation of CF. Thus, the nutrition and health status of children in both groups were comparable except acute diarrheal illness which was more in babies of working mothers.
引言:生命最初6个月的纯母乳喂养(EBF)和及时引入补充饲料(CFs)并继续母乳喂养至2岁或以上是婴幼儿营养的最佳做法。母亲的就业状况会影响喂养方式,而喂养方式又会对婴儿的生长发育产生负面影响。本研究的目的是确定和比较在我们医疗机构工作的母亲和全职母亲的母乳喂养和CF做法及其对孩子成长的影响。方法:对200名母亲、100名在职母亲和100名全职母亲在征得书面同意后,对1-24月龄儿童进行观察性比较研究。采用访谈法将数据记录在预测半结构化问卷中。关于喂养方法和儿童疾病的细节被引出。使用世界卫生组织生长图和Trivandrum发育图对每个婴儿的生长和发育进行评估。使用的统计检验为频率、平均值和标准差的描述性统计,比例的卡方检验和平均值的学生t检验。P < 0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果:37%的全职妈妈(37/100)和45%的在职妈妈(45/100)给予6个月EBF (P = 0.251)。6个月以上母乳喂养的全职妈妈占94.7% (n = 71/75),在职妈妈占93.8% (n = 90/96, P = 0.800), 12个月以上母乳喂养的全职妈妈占61.1% (n = 33/54),在职妈妈占54.8% (n = 40/73, P = 0.477)。有44%的全职妈妈(44/100)和55%的职场妈妈(55/100,P = 0.120)在180天内开始CF。在全职妈妈中,体重不足、消瘦和发育不良的比例分别为12%、10%和13%(12/ 100,10 / 100,13 /100);在职业妈妈中,体重不足、消瘦和发育不良的比例分别为14%、15%和13%(14/ 100,15 / 100,13 /100),两组之间没有统计学差异。职业母亲的婴儿腹泻发作频率更高(6/ 100,6% vs. 18/ 100,18%, P = 0.009)。结论:全职妈妈与在职妈妈在首次喂养时间、初乳喂养时间、EBF率、12个月以上持续母乳喂养时间、CF发病年龄等方面均无统计学差异。因此,两组儿童的营养和健康状况具有可比性,但在职妈妈的婴儿多患急性腹泻。
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引用次数: 0
Association of serum uric acid and non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease: A cross-sectional study from a movement disorders clinic in Lagos, Nigeria 血清尿酸与帕金森病非运动症状的关系:尼日利亚拉各斯一家运动障碍诊所的横断面研究
IF 0.1 Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.4103/jcls.jcls_29_22
Olanike Odeniyi, O. Ojo, I. Odeniyi, N. Okubadejo
Background and Objective: The role of serum uric acid (SUA) as a biomarker in Parkinson's disease (PD) remains exploratory and has not been described in our population. The objective of this study was to explore the profile of SUA and its relationship to nonmotor symptoms (NMS) burden in PD. Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 70 persons with PD and 140 matched healthy controls in Lagos, Nigeria. PD was diagnosed using the United Kingdom PD Society Brain Bank criteria. NMS were assessed with the NMS Questionnaire (NMS-Quest). SUA was measured using standard methods. Results: The mean ages of PD and controls were 63 ± 9.4 years and 62.9 ± 8.8 years, respectively (P = 0.65), with no difference when compared by sex. The median PD duration (interquartile range [IQR]) was 4 (4.25) years. Median Hoehn and Yahr stage (IQR) was 2.5 (1.0). The mean total unified Parkinson's disease rating scale score was 70.7 ± 23.7. The mean NMS-Quest score was 8.5 ± 3.8. Mean SUA level was significantly lower in PD compared to controls (2.42 ± 0.75 mg/dL vs. 3.73 ± 1.09 mg/dL [P = 0.000]). There was a nonsignificant inverse linear trend of association (r = −0.184; P = 0.126) between the total NMS-Quest score and SUA level in PD. Logistic regression analysis revealed hyposmia and memory impairment were significantly related to lower SUA levels (P = 0.02 and P = 0.04, respectively). Conclusion: Our study corroborates the potential of SUA as a serum biomarker in PD and a possible role in defining non-motor symptom burden. Further exploration to clarify the association and interrogate the impact of interventions is warranted.
背景与目的:血清尿酸(SUA)作为帕金森病(PD)的生物标志物的作用仍处于探索性阶段,尚未在我们的人群中进行描述。本研究的目的是探讨SUA的概况及其与PD患者非运动症状(NMS)负担的关系。方法:本横断面研究在尼日利亚拉各斯招募了70名PD患者和140名匹配的健康对照。PD的诊断采用英国PD协会脑库标准。采用NMS问卷(NMS- quest)对NMS进行评估。采用标准方法测定SUA。结果:PD组和对照组的平均年龄分别为63±9.4岁和62.9±8.8岁(P = 0.65),性别差异无统计学意义。PD持续时间中位数(四分位间距[IQR])为4(4.25)年。Hoehn和Yahr分期(IQR)中位数为2.5(1.0)。帕金森病统一评定量表平均总分为70.7±23.7分。NMS-Quest平均评分为8.5±3.8。PD患者的平均SUA水平明显低于对照组(2.42±0.75 mg/dL vs. 3.73±1.09 mg/dL [P = 0.000])。存在不显著的线性反相关趋势(r = - 0.184;P = 0.126) NMS-Quest总分与PD患者SUA水平之间的差异。Logistic回归分析显示,低SUA水平与睡眠不足和记忆障碍显著相关(P = 0.02和P = 0.04)。结论:我们的研究证实了SUA作为帕金森病血清生物标志物的潜力,并可能在确定非运动症状负担方面发挥作用。进一步的探索,以澄清关联和询问干预措施的影响是必要的。
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引用次数: 1
Knowledge, attitude, and experiences of using penicillin G, as a prophylaxis for rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart diseases among nurses in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional survey 埃塞俄比亚亚的斯亚贝巴护士使用青霉素G预防风湿热和风湿性心脏病的知识、态度和经验:一项横断面调查
IF 0.1 Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.4103/jcls.jcls_30_21
Mekuye Ibrahim, T. Aklilu
Background: The rate of benzathine penicillin G (BPG) injection to prevent rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is insufficient owing to poor knowledge and the negative attitude of health workers. We aim to investigate the gap of knowledge, attitude, and experience of clinical nurses at the primary health-care level who had not received training on rheumatic fever (RF)/RHD prevention to get information on their training need. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on clinical nurses at randomly selected health centers in Addis Ababa. After interviewing with semi-structured questionnaires, the data were analyzed on SPSS software version 25. Results: A total of 278 nurses (92% response) with a mean age of 28 years were analyzed. The knowledge scores on “organisms causing tonsillopharyngitis (TP),” “the route of administration of penicillin,” and “when to give BPG after preparation” were good (≥75%). Participants' score was poor (<50% score) in the knowledge of “duration of treatment of tonsillopharyngitis, frequency of chemoprophylaxis of RF/RHD, and the relationship between throat infection and RF.” Knowledge on “prevention of pain using lidocaine,” “warming the syringe and allowing alcohol to dry from the swab before injecting” were also good. In contrast, knowledge of “delivering injection very slowly,” “using vibration before/during injection, and “distracting patient using conversation” was poor. Attitude was positive to statements such as “single dose BPG injection given every 3–4 weeks,” “BPG injection is effective in the treatment of streptococcal pharyngitis and the prevention of RF/RHD,” “good patient – health provider relationship enables the success of prophylaxis.” and “educating patients, health-care providers and their caregivers help adherence to BPG prophylaxis. Fear of anaphylactic reaction, pain at the injection site, and blockage of the syringe during injection were the negative experiences reported. Conclusions: The knowledge of clinical nurses on the prevention of RF/RHD was generally good. However, their knowledge of safe injection techniques was partial. On the other hand, most attitude statements were positive. Fear of anaphylactic shock while injecting BPG, pain, and blockade of the syringe was the common barriers experienced.
背景:由于卫生工作者对苄星青霉素G (BPG)注射液预防风湿性心脏病(RHD)的知识贫乏和态度消极,其使用率不足。本研究旨在调查未接受风湿热/RHD预防培训的基层临床护士在知识、态度和经验方面的差距,以了解其培训需求。方法:在亚的斯亚贝巴随机选取卫生中心的临床护士进行横断面调查。采用半结构式问卷访谈后,采用SPSS软件25版对数据进行分析。结果:共分析278名护士(92%),平均年龄28岁。“引起扁桃体咽炎(TP)的微生物”、“青霉素给药途径”、“制剂后何时给予BPG”的知识得分较好(≥75%)。参与者在“扁桃体咽炎治疗持续时间、射频/RHD化疗预防频率以及咽喉感染与射频之间的关系”方面的知识得分较低(得分<50%)。关于“使用利多卡因预防疼痛”、“在注射前加热注射器并让酒精从棉签上干透”的知识也很好。相比之下,对“缓慢注射”、“注射前/注射中使用振动”和“用谈话转移患者注意力”的认识较差。对诸如“每3-4周注射单剂BPG”、“BPG注射可有效治疗链球菌性咽炎和预防RF/RHD”、“良好的医患关系可使预防成功”等陈述持积极态度。以及“对患者、卫生保健提供者及其护理人员进行教育,有助于坚持BPG预防。”对过敏反应的恐惧、注射部位疼痛和注射过程中注射器堵塞是报告的负面经历。结论:临床护士对射频/RHD的预防知识总体较好。然而,他们对安全注射技术的了解是片面的。另一方面,大多数态度陈述都是积极的。注射BPG时害怕过敏性休克、疼痛和注射器阻塞是常见的障碍。
{"title":"Knowledge, attitude, and experiences of using penicillin G, as a prophylaxis for rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart diseases among nurses in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional survey","authors":"Mekuye Ibrahim, T. Aklilu","doi":"10.4103/jcls.jcls_30_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jcls.jcls_30_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The rate of benzathine penicillin G (BPG) injection to prevent rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is insufficient owing to poor knowledge and the negative attitude of health workers. We aim to investigate the gap of knowledge, attitude, and experience of clinical nurses at the primary health-care level who had not received training on rheumatic fever (RF)/RHD prevention to get information on their training need. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on clinical nurses at randomly selected health centers in Addis Ababa. After interviewing with semi-structured questionnaires, the data were analyzed on SPSS software version 25. Results: A total of 278 nurses (92% response) with a mean age of 28 years were analyzed. The knowledge scores on “organisms causing tonsillopharyngitis (TP),” “the route of administration of penicillin,” and “when to give BPG after preparation” were good (≥75%). Participants' score was poor (<50% score) in the knowledge of “duration of treatment of tonsillopharyngitis, frequency of chemoprophylaxis of RF/RHD, and the relationship between throat infection and RF.” Knowledge on “prevention of pain using lidocaine,” “warming the syringe and allowing alcohol to dry from the swab before injecting” were also good. In contrast, knowledge of “delivering injection very slowly,” “using vibration before/during injection, and “distracting patient using conversation” was poor. Attitude was positive to statements such as “single dose BPG injection given every 3–4 weeks,” “BPG injection is effective in the treatment of streptococcal pharyngitis and the prevention of RF/RHD,” “good patient – health provider relationship enables the success of prophylaxis.” and “educating patients, health-care providers and their caregivers help adherence to BPG prophylaxis. Fear of anaphylactic reaction, pain at the injection site, and blockage of the syringe during injection were the negative experiences reported. Conclusions: The knowledge of clinical nurses on the prevention of RF/RHD was generally good. However, their knowledge of safe injection techniques was partial. On the other hand, most attitude statements were positive. Fear of anaphylactic shock while injecting BPG, pain, and blockade of the syringe was the common barriers experienced.","PeriodicalId":15490,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87313956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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Journal of Clinical Sciences
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