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Journal of clinical sciences now indexed in web of science 临床科学杂志现已被科学网收录
IF 0.1 Q4 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.4103/jcls.jcls_27_21
A. Ademuyiwa
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引用次数: 0
Unexplained pulmonary thrombosis as a sole presentation of COVID-19: A case report 不明原因的肺部血栓形成是COVID-19的唯一表现:1例报告
IF 0.1 Q4 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.4103/jcls.jcls_70_20
O. Ekete, A. Ogundare, Nnaemeka Ifediora, O. Ozoh
Recent reports have shown that thrombotic complications occur rather frequently among patients who have the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Clinical presentation of pulmonary thrombosis is usually in association with moderate to severe symptoms of COVID-19 and manifests with worsening symptoms and features of atypical pneumonia on imaging. We report an unusual case of extensive pulmonary thrombosis in a young otherwise healthy adult without any typical COVID-19 symptom nor features of atypical pneumonia on imaging.
最近的报告显示,2019年新型冠状病毒病(COVID-19)患者中血栓性并发症的发生率相当高。肺血栓形成的临床表现通常与COVID-19的中重度症状相关,影像学表现为非典型肺炎的症状和特征恶化。我们报告一例罕见的广泛性肺血栓形成的年轻健康成人,没有任何典型的COVID-19症状,影像学上也没有非典型肺炎的特征。
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引用次数: 0
Pattern of congenital ocular anomailes among children seen at a West African tertiary eye care centre: A retrospective study 在西非三级眼科护理中心看到的儿童先天性眼异常模式:一项回顾性研究
IF 0.1 Q4 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.4103/jcls.jcls_48_20
K. Musa, S. Agboola, Olapeju A. Sam-Oyerinde, S. Salako, C. Kuku, C. Uzoma
Background: The purpose of the study was to describe the pattern of presentation of congenital ocular anomalies (COAs) among children seen at the, Department of Ophthalmology (Guinness Eye Centre), Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria). Methods: A retrospective chart review of children below the age of 16 years who were diagnosed of any type of congenital ocular anomaly at the Pediatric Ophthalmology Clinic of Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria between January 2012 and December 2018 was done. Information concerning the age at presentation, gender, affected eye(s), visual acuity, and type of congenital anomaly was retrieved from the case files. Results: Seven hundred and forty-five eyes of 470 patients with congenital anomalies which constituted 13.6% of all the new pediatric ophthalmic consultations were studied. Two hundred and seventy-five (58.5%) children had bilateral ocular involvement, while 262 (55.7%) presented within the first year of life. The median age was 0.92 years with an interquartile range of 2.67 years. There were 255 (54.5%) males, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.2:1. Congenital cataract was the most common congenital ocular anomaly documented in 224 (30.1%) eyes of 133 patients. This was followed by congenital squint (131 eyes, 17.6%), congenital glaucoma (91 eyes, 12.2%), and corneal opacity (52 eyes, 7.0%). Overall, cataract, squint, glaucoma, corneal opacity, nasolacrimal duct obstruction, and ptosis accounted for 79.0% of the COAs documented in this study. Conclusion: COAs accounted for 13.6% of pediatric ophthalmic consultations in this study. Congenital cataract, squint, glaucoma, corneal opacity, nasolacrimal duct obstruction, and ptosis were the most common COAs observed.
背景:本研究的目的是描述在尼日利亚拉各斯大学教学医院眼科(吉尼斯眼科中心)就诊的儿童先天性眼异常(COAs)的表现模式。方法:回顾性分析2012年1月至2018年12月在尼日利亚拉各斯大学教学医院儿童眼科诊所诊断为任何类型先天性眼异常的16岁以下儿童。从病例档案中检索有关发病年龄、性别、患眼、视力和先天性异常类型的信息。结果:对470例先天性畸形患者745只眼进行了研究,占儿童眼科新诊病例的13.6%。275例患儿(58.5%)有双侧眼受累,262例患儿(55.7%)在出生后一年内出现。年龄中位数为0.92岁,四分位数差为2.67岁。男性255人(54.5%),男女比例为1.2:1。先天性白内障是133例患者中最常见的先天性眼部异常,共224眼(30.1%)。其次是先天性斜视(131眼,17.6%)、先天性青光眼(91眼,12.2%)和角膜混浊(52眼,7.0%)。总的来说,白内障、斜视、青光眼、角膜混浊、鼻泪管阻塞和上睑下垂占本研究记录的coa的79.0%。结论:本研究中coa占儿科眼科问诊的13.6%。先天性白内障、斜视、青光眼、角膜混浊、鼻泪管阻塞和上睑下垂是最常见的coa。
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引用次数: 2
Risk factors for new-onset heart failure with reduced or preserved ejection fraction in patients with ischemic heart disease: A cohort study 缺血性心脏病患者新发心力衰竭伴射血分数降低或保留的危险因素:一项队列研究
IF 0.1 Q4 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.4103/jcls.jcls_79_19
S. Abdissa
Background: Risk factors for heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) or HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) in Ethiopian and Sub-Saharan African patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) is not well-known. Methods: This is a cohort study where 228 patients with IHD were recruited and followed retrospectively over 24 months period. Exclusion criteria were known HF at baseline and absence of echocardiography data. From baseline clinical and echocardiographic patient characteristics, risk factors for incident HFpEF and incident HFrEF were analyzed. Results: New-onset HF was diagnosed in 67.1% (153/228) of the patients. Median time to HF diagnosis was 12.02 (3.42–13.31) months in HFrEF and 12.06 (2.66–15.28) months in HFpEF. There was no significant difference between HFrEF and HFpEF in time to incident HF. On univariate regression analysis risk factors for incident total HF were age, diabetes, and left atrium (LA) size. Diabetes, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure, LA and diastolic left ventricular dimension (LVD) had significant association with HFrEF. Age, sex, hypertension, SBP, and diastolic LVD were significantly associated with HFpEF. On cox regression analysis diabetes and LA dimension were associated with total HF while diastolic LVD was associated with incident HFpEF and HFrEF. Age, diabetes, and dimension of LA were also associated with HFrEF. Conclusion: These data suggest a major role for age, sex, diabetes, bigger LA size, and diastolic LVD as predictors of HFrEF and HFpEF in patients with IHD. Strategies directed to prevention and treatment of diabetes, dilatation of left ventricle and LA may prevent a considerable proportion of HFrEF or HFpEF.
背景:埃塞俄比亚和撒哈拉以南非洲缺血性心脏病(IHD)患者的心力衰竭(HF)伴射血分数降低(HFrEF)或HF伴射血分数保留(HFpEF)的危险因素尚不清楚。方法:这是一项队列研究,招募了228例IHD患者,并进行了24个月的回顾性随访。排除标准为基线时已知的心衰和无超声心动图资料。根据患者的基线临床和超声心动图特征,分析HFpEF和HFrEF发生的危险因素。结果:67.1%(153/228)的患者诊断为新发HF。到HF诊断的中位时间HFrEF为12.02(3.42-13.31)个月,HFpEF为12.06(2.66-15.28)个月。HFrEF与HFpEF在HF发生时间上无显著差异。在单因素回归分析中,发生总HF的危险因素是年龄、糖尿病和左心房(LA)大小。糖尿病、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压、LA和舒张左心室尺寸(LVD)与HFrEF有显著相关性。年龄、性别、高血压、收缩压和舒张期LVD与HFpEF显著相关。在cox回归分析中,糖尿病和LA维度与总HF相关,而舒张性LVD与HFpEF和HFrEF相关。年龄、糖尿病和LA尺寸也与HFrEF有关。结论:这些数据表明,年龄、性别、糖尿病、较大的LA大小和舒张期LVD是IHD患者HFrEF和HFpEF的主要预测因素。针对糖尿病、左心室扩张和LA的预防和治疗策略可以预防相当比例的HFrEF或HFpEF。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of a nurse-led secondary stroke prevention intervention on medium-term stroke outcome in a teaching hospital in Nigeria: A quasi-experimental study 尼日利亚某教学医院护士主导的卒中二级预防干预对中期卒中转归的影响:一项准实验研究
IF 0.1 Q4 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.4103/jcls.jcls_6_21
I. Ademuyiwa, N. Okubadejo
Background: Mortality and morbidity attributable to stroke remain high in developing countries. Secondary prevention of stroke can reduce recurrence using targeted interventions addressing modifiable risk factors. This study assessed the effect of a nurse-led secondary stroke prevention intervention on compliance to lifestyle, diet, clinic and physical therapy attendance, and drug compliance over the medium-term poststroke. Methods: The study utilized a case (interventional group)–control (noninterventional group) quasi-experimental design. Sixty consenting acute stroke patients surviving till discharge were consecutively recruited into the study and conveniently assigned to either group in a 1:1 ratio. Recruitment was conducted over the initial 3 months of the study. The intervention group received standardized intensive in-person counseling for cases and designated caregivers at discharge. This means that, apart from standardized intensive in-person counseling for cases and designated caregivers at discharge. There was additional telephone calls and weekly short messages to the intervention group in-order to reinforce information and communication during follow-up. The nonintervention group received discharge instructions provided by the managing physician only. Outcome assessment was conducted at 9 months post stroke. Results: The study recruited 39 (65%) males and 21 (35%) females. The mean age of participants in intervention group was 55.0 ± 14.5 years, while it was 56.0 ± 11.2 years in the nonintervention group. Other demographic parameters were similar between both the groups. At the end of the follow-up period of 9 months, compliance with lifestyle and diet modification, clinic and physical therapy attendance, and drug compliance was statistically significantly higher in the intervention compared to the nonintervention group (P < 0.05 for all comparisons). Conclusion: This study demonstrates the potential utility of a nurse-led intervention incorporating targeted lifestyle risk modification on compliance to strategies aimed at reducing stroke recurrence. Adoption of this task shifting/sharing strategy is recommended.
背景:在发展中国家,脑卒中的死亡率和发病率仍然很高。通过针对可改变的危险因素进行有针对性的干预,二级预防可以减少卒中的复发。本研究评估了护士主导的二级卒中预防干预对卒中后中期生活方式、饮食、临床和物理治疗出勤以及药物依从性的影响。方法:采用病例(介入组)-对照组(非介入组)准实验设计。60名自愿存活至出院的急性脑卒中患者被连续招募到研究中,并按1:1的比例方便地分配到两组。招募工作在研究的前3个月进行。干预组在出院时接受标准化的病例强化面对面咨询和指定的护理人员。这意味着,除了标准化的病例密集面对面咨询和出院时指定的护理人员。为了在随访期间加强信息和沟通,对干预组进行了额外的电话和每周短消息。非干预组仅接受主治医师提供的出院指示。卒中后9个月进行结果评估。结果:研究招募了39名(65%)男性和21名(35%)女性。干预组平均年龄为55.0±14.5岁,非干预组平均年龄为56.0±11.2岁。两组之间的其他人口统计学参数相似。随访9个月时,干预组患者的生活方式和饮食改变依从性、临床和物理治疗出席率、药物依从性均显著高于非干预组(P < 0.05)。结论:本研究证明了护士主导的干预措施的潜在效用,包括有针对性的生活方式风险改变对减少卒中复发策略的依从性。建议采用这种任务转移/共享策略。
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引用次数: 0
Medication nonadherence in Nigerian heart failure patients: A cross sectional study 尼日利亚心力衰竭患者的药物依从性:一项横断面研究
IF 0.1 Q4 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.4103/jcls.jcls_1_21
O. Ale, A. Busari, Emmanuel Irokosu, A. Akinyede, S. Usman, Sunday Olayem
Background: Anti-failure therapy is vital to the reduction of morbidity and mortality associated with heart failure (HF). Medication nonadherence (MNA) has been identified as a major limiting factor for the attainment of therapeutic goals. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and characteristics of MNA in HF patients attending Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH), Lagos. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study involving 202 previously diagnosed HF patients attending an outpatient clinic in LUTH. Data were obtained from patient's medical records and the use of an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Medication Adherence Report Scale 5-items was used to determine MNA. Results: Of the 202 HF subjects, 68% (n = 128) were aged 31–60 years, 65% (n = 132) were females, 58%, (n = 116) were taking ≤4 pills/day, 54.5% were taking pills twice daily, and 72.3% (n = 146) had comorbid conditions. The overall prevalence of MNA was 69.3% with ACE inhibitors having the highest MNA of 73.2% and angiotensin receptor blocker/neprilysin inhibitor having the least MNA of 0%. MNA was independent of age, gender, educational status, pill burden, duration of HF, history of HF admission, functional status, and specific comorbidities (P < 0.05). However, the presence of three comorbidities was associated with lower MNA (P < 0.05). Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of MNA in Nigerian HF patients. Measures aimed at improving adherence are imperative to improve outcomes in these patients.
背景:抗心力衰竭治疗对降低心力衰竭(HF)相关的发病率和死亡率至关重要。药物依从性(MNA)已被确定为实现治疗目标的主要限制因素。本研究旨在确定在拉各斯拉各斯大学教学医院(LUTH)住院的HF患者中MNA的患病率和特征。方法:这是一项描述性横断面研究,涉及202名在LUTH门诊就诊的先前诊断为HF的患者。数据来自患者的医疗记录和使用访谈者填写的问卷。用药依从性报告量表5项测定MNA。结果:202例HF患者中,68% (n = 128)年龄在31 ~ 60岁之间,65% (n = 132)为女性,58% (n = 116)服药≤4粒/天,54.5% (n = 146)服药2次/天,72.3% (n = 146)有合并症。MNA的总体患病率为69.3%,其中ACE抑制剂的MNA最高,为73.2%,血管紧张素受体阻滞剂/neprilysin抑制剂的MNA最低,为0%。MNA与年龄、性别、教育程度、服药负担、心衰病程、心衰入院史、功能状态、特定合并症无关(P < 0.05)。然而,三种合并症的存在与较低的MNA相关(P < 0.05)。结论:尼日利亚HF患者中MNA患病率较高。旨在改善依从性的措施对于改善这些患者的预后是必不可少的。
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引用次数: 2
Training trends and practice pattern of intestinal anastomosis among Nigerian Postgraduate Trainees: A cross-sectional survey 尼日利亚研究生肠吻合术培训趋势及实践模式横断面调查
IF 0.1 Q4 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.4103/jcls.jcls_2_21
O. Balogun, E. Jeje, O. Atoyebi
Background: The concept of mentor-mentee skills learning in surgical education has been the bedrock of training and knowledge acquisition over many years. Techniques of intestinal anastomosis are one of the fundamentals skills to be mastered in the early career of trainees in surgery. This study aims to evaluate the training trends and current practice of intestinal anastomosis amongst Nigerian postgraduate trainees. Methods: A cross-sectional survey using a self-administered questionnaire was conducted on surgical trainees who attended the 2020 annual revision course of the National Postgraduate Medical College in Lagos. Results: Response rate was 74.1%. The age range of respondents was 29–52 years with a mean 35.5 ± 4.6 years. Majority of the respondents had their future career interest in general surgery and were in the second (43.3%) and third (38.3%) postgraduate year in surgery. Nontraumatic emergency abdominal conditions (71.7%) were the most common indication for gastrointestinal anastomosis. Majority of the respondents practice prophylactic use of bowel preparation and nasogastric tube placement for elective colorectal procedures. Two-layer anastomosis using synthetic absorbable suture was favored by most respondents. This was the technique of choice regardless of the segment of the bowel involved in the anastomosis. Fifth postoperation day was the most preferred time for the commencement of oral intake. Twenty respondents gave an estimated anastomotic leak rate of 0%–10% and this was attributed to systemic factors by 71.7% of the respondents. Two-third of respondents rated their current anastomotic skills as good even though 86.7% of respondents desired further formal training in intestinal anastomosis. Conclusion: Nontraumatic emergency abdominal conditions were the most common indication for intestinal anastomosis. The traditional two-layer anastomosis with synthetic absorbable sutures was favored over other anastomotic techniques. Majority would commence oral feeding on 5th day postoperation. Self-rated anastomotic leak reported by a third of respondents was ≤10%.
背景:多年来,外科教育中师徒技能学习的概念一直是培训和知识获取的基础。肠吻合技术是外科培训生早期应掌握的基础技能之一。本研究旨在评估尼日利亚研究生肠吻合术的培训趋势和现状。方法:采用自填问卷对拉各斯国立医学研究生院2020年年度修读课程的外科学员进行横断面调查。结果:有效率为74.1%。年龄29 ~ 52岁,平均35.5±4.6岁。大多数受访者未来的职业兴趣是普外科,在外科研究生二年级(43.3%)和三年级(38.3%)。非创伤性急腹症(71.7%)是胃肠吻合术最常见的指征。大多数应答者在选择性结直肠手术中预防性使用肠道准备和鼻胃管放置。采用合成可吸收缝线的二层吻合术是最受欢迎的。无论肠的哪个部分参与了吻合术,这都是首选的技术。术后第5天开始口服是首选时间。20名受访者给出的吻合口漏率估计为0%-10%,其中71.7%的受访者将其归因于系统性因素。尽管86.7%的受访者希望进一步接受肠吻合方面的正规培训,但三分之二的受访者认为他们目前的吻合技能良好。结论:非创伤性急腹症是肠吻合术最常见的适应证。传统的两层吻合与合成可吸收缝合线较其他吻合技术更受青睐。多数患儿术后第5天开始口服喂养。三分之一的受访者报告的自评吻合口漏≤10%。
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引用次数: 0
An investigation of the relationship of the admission hyperglycemia to severity and 30-day outcome in acute ishemic and intracerebral hemorraghic stroke: A comparative cross sectional study 急性缺血性脑卒中和出血性脑卒中入院高血糖与严重程度和30天预后关系的研究:一项比较横断面研究
IF 0.1 Q4 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.4103/jcls.jcls_81_20
O. Agabi, O. Ojo, M. Danesi, F. Ojini, N. Okubadejo
Background: Hyperglycemia is implicated as deleterious in acute stroke, although the impact may vary by stroke subtype. We sought to determine the frequency of admission hyperglycemia (subcategorized as diabetes related or reactive) and explore the relationship to stroke severity and functional motor outcome in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) stroke subtypes. Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 170 stroke patients (85 AIS, 85 ICH) presenting within 72 h of onset. Baseline characteristics including stroke severity (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score), random blood glucose (RBG), and glycated hemoglobin (HBA1C) were documented. The outcomes were 30-day case fatality rate (CFR) and functional motor outcome. Results: The frequency of admission hyperglycemia was 24.7% in AIS and 22.4% ICH, with 18.8%/5.9% of AIS and 9.4%/12.9% of ICH presumed diabetes related and reactive, respectively. Stroke severity and infarct size were positively correlated with admission RBG and HBA1C (P = 0.000) in AIS but not ICH. Presumed mechanism of hyperglycemia did not relate significantly with either infarct size or hematoma volume (P > 0.05). Thirty days CFR was higher in AIS with hyperglycemia (42.9%) compared to normoglycemia (12.5%) (P = 0.003), but did not vary significantly in ICH (42.1% with and 36.4% without hyperglycemia; P = 0.65). There was no significant relationship of hyperglycemia to functional outcome in either stroke subtype. Conclusions: The association of admission hyperglycemia to stroke severity and short-term case fatality is evident in AIS. In ICH, hyperglycemia was not associated with significantly greater stroke severity and death at 30 days, even though case fatality was higher in those with hyperglycemia.
背景:高血糖在急性脑卒中中被认为是有害的,尽管其影响可能因脑卒中亚型而异。我们试图确定入院时高血糖的频率(亚分类为糖尿病相关或反应性),并探讨急性缺血性卒中(AIS)和脑出血(ICH)卒中亚型与卒中严重程度和功能运动结局的关系。方法:本横断面研究招募170例脑卒中患者(85例AIS, 85例ICH),发病72小时内出现。基线特征包括中风严重程度(美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表评分)、随机血糖(RBG)和糖化血红蛋白(HBA1C)。结果为30天病死率(CFR)和功能运动结果。结果:AIS患者入院高血糖发生率为24.7%,脑出血患者入院高血糖发生率为22.4%,其中AIS患者为18.8%/5.9%,脑出血患者为9.4%/12.9%。AIS患者脑卒中严重程度和梗死面积与入院时RBG和HBA1C呈正相关(P = 0.000),而ICH患者不呈正相关。推测的高血糖机制与梗死面积或血肿体积均无显著相关性(P < 0.05)。伴有高血糖的AIS患者的30天CFR(42.9%)高于血糖正常者(12.5%)(P = 0.003),但ICH患者的30天CFR差异不显著(伴有高血糖者为42.1%,无高血糖者为36.4%;P = 0.65)。在两种脑卒中亚型中,高血糖与功能结局均无显著关系。结论:入院时高血糖与急性脑卒中严重程度和短期病死率的关系在AIS患者中是明显的。在脑出血患者中,尽管高血糖患者的病死率更高,但高血糖与卒中严重程度和30天死亡没有显著相关性。
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引用次数: 0
Knowledge and Attitude toward Depression among Adolescents Attending Secondary Schools in an Urban Local Government Area of Lagos State, Nigeria: A cross sectional survey 尼日利亚拉各斯州一个城市地方政府区域中学生对抑郁症的知识和态度:一项横断面调查
IF 0.1 Q4 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.4103/jcls.jcls_78_20
Awujoola Lesi, M. Balogun, T. Ladi-Akinyemi, U. Igwilo
Background: Globally, depression is the fourth leading cause of mental illness and disability among adolescents (15–19 years). This study aimed to assess knowledge and attitude toward depression among adolescents attending secondary schools. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study among 257 adolescents attending secondary schools in an urban area of Lagos State. Multistage sampling technique was used to identify appropriate schools, and a semi-structured self-administered questionnaire that contained a vignette depicting depression was used to collect data. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results: Overall, 257 students participated in the study. The mean age was 15.8 ± 1.3 years. Majority (91.5%) had prior knowledge about depression. The most common sources of information were from school (38.9%), family and friends (23.3%), and social media (20.6%). Majority (87.9%) correctly recognized depression in the vignette. Attempted suicide and social withdrawal from friends (71% and 67.3%, respectively) were less recognized as symptoms of depression. Similarly, only 36.2% recognized depression as a real medical condition. Students in science (76.9%) had better knowledge about depression than students in arts (43.5%) and commerce (43.8%) (P = 0.006). The teacher was considered as the primary access to care compared to the need for specialized care. Majority of the respondents had positive attitudes toward depression and 75.4% believed that people with depression should not be stigmatized. Conclusion: This study showed important gaps in knowledge of causes, symptoms, and the need for professional or psychiatric care of depression. It highlights the need to promote mental health literacy in schools.
背景:在全球范围内,抑郁症是青少年(15-19岁)精神疾病和残疾的第四大原因。本研究旨在了解中学生对抑郁症的认知与态度。方法:这是一项描述性横断面研究,在拉各斯州城市地区就读中学的257名青少年中进行。采用多阶段抽样技术来确定合适的学校,并使用半结构化的自我管理问卷,其中包含描述抑郁症的小插图来收集数据。数据分析采用SPSS version 20。结果:总共有257名学生参与了研究。平均年龄15.8±1.3岁。大多数(91.5%)对抑郁症有先验知识。最常见的信息来源是学校(38.9%)、家人和朋友(23.3%)以及社交媒体(20.6%)。大多数人(87.9%)正确识别了小插曲中的抑郁症。自杀未遂和远离朋友(分别为71%和67.3%)不太被认为是抑郁症的症状。同样,只有36.2%的人认为抑郁症是一种真正的疾病。理科生(76.9%)对抑郁症的了解程度高于文科生(43.5%)和商科生(43.8%)(P = 0.006)。与需要专门护理相比,教师被认为是获得护理的主要途径。大多数受访者对抑郁症持积极态度,75.4%的受访者认为抑郁症患者不应该被污名化。结论:这项研究表明,在抑郁症的病因、症状和对专业或精神护理的需求方面,存在重要的知识差距。它强调了在学校促进精神卫生知识普及的必要性。
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引用次数: 0
Prevalence and pattern of dry eye symptoms among “okada” riders in Southwest Nigeria using the ocular surface disease index: A cross sectional study 使用眼表疾病指数的尼日利亚西南部“冈田”车手干眼症状的患病率和模式:一项横断面研究
IF 0.1 Q4 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL Pub Date : 2021-04-01 DOI: 10.4103/jcls.jcls_37_20
Adetunji Adenekan, O. Ilo, A. Alabi, O. Aribaba, F. Akinsola
Background: Dry eye is a common disorder of the tear film that results in epithelial damage and the disruption of normal homeostasis at the ocular surface. It is a common ocular condition that is often missed in clinical diagnosis. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence and pattern of dry eye symptoms using the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) among commercial motorcyclists and also identify factors that may be responsible for dry eye symptoms in this population. Methods: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional, population-based study. Using a multistage random sampling technique, 422 commercial motorcyclists were surveyed from 10 units of registered commercial motorcyclists. Interviewer-administered OSDI questionnaires (face to face) were used, and visual acuity (VA) measurement was done. Results: The prevalence of dry eye symptoms in this study was 83.42%. Using the OSDI, the pattern of dry eye symptoms in this study showed that 21.56% had mild dry eye, 54% had moderate dry eye, and 7.82% had severe dry eye. Riders aged >50 years (86.90%), P < 0.05, 95% confidence interval: 0.012–0.021; nonuse of protective spectacles (87.46%), P < 0.05, 95% confidence interval: −0.235–−0.087; and use of helmets with face shields while riding (92.89%), P < 0.05, 95% confidence interval: −0.160–−0.062, were risk factors for dry eye symptoms. All respondents who had diabetes mellitus (P < 0.05, 95% confidence interval: 0.084–0.429) and a larger proportion (84.86%) of those not on topical medications (P < 0.05, 95% confidence interval: −0.365–−0.066) had dry eye. Visual impairment (VA <6/18) was observed in three respondents, with uncorrected refractive errors as the cause. Multivariate analysis showed that respondents aged <50 years, nonuse of protective spectacles, use of crash helmets with face shield, medical conditions, particularly diabetes mellitus, and nonuse of topical medications were significantly associated with dry eye symptoms. Conclusion: The prevalence of dry eye symptoms was high, and majority had moderate dry eyes based on OSDI grading. Furthermore, public health awareness program should be commenced to educate motorcyclists on the importance of using protective goggles in preventing dry eye disease.
背景:干眼症是一种常见的泪膜疾病,可导致上皮损伤和眼表正常稳态的破坏。这是一种常见的眼部疾病,在临床诊断中经常被遗漏。本研究的目的是利用眼表疾病指数(OSDI)确定商业摩托车手中干眼症状的患病率和模式,并确定可能导致该人群干眼症状的因素。方法:这是一项描述性、横断面、基于人群的研究。采用多阶段随机抽样方法,对10个注册商业电单车单位的422名商业电单车驾驶者进行了调查。采用访谈者填写的OSDI问卷(面对面),并测量视力(VA)。结果:本组干眼症状患病率为83.42%。本研究干眼症状的OSDI模式显示,轻度干眼占21.56%,中度干眼占54%,重度干眼占7.82%。年龄>50岁(86.90%),P < 0.05, 95%可信区间:0.012-0.021;未使用防护眼镜(87.46%),P < 0.05, 95%可信区间:−0.235 ~−0.087;骑行时使用带面罩的头盔(92.89%)(P < 0.05, 95%可信区间:- 0.160 ~ - 0.062)是干眼症状的危险因素。所有受访患者均有糖尿病(P < 0.05, 95%可信区间:0.084 ~ 0.429),未使用外用药物的受访患者有干眼症(P < 0.05, 95%可信区间:- 0.365 ~ - 0.066)的比例较大(84.86%)。3例患者有视力障碍(VA <6/18),原因为未矫正的屈光不正。多变量分析显示,年龄<50岁、未使用防护眼镜、未使用带面罩的头盔、医疗条件(尤其是糖尿病)和未使用局部药物与干眼症状显著相关。结论:根据OSDI分级,干眼症状的发生率较高,多数为中度干眼。此外,应开展公共卫生意识计划,教育摩托车手使用护目镜预防干眼症的重要性。
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