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Assessment of the water quality pollution index and ecological risk of microplastic pollution along the Tambakoso River in Surabaya, Indonesia 印度尼西亚泗水 Tambakoso 河沿岸水质污染指数和微塑料污染生态风险评估。
IF 3.5 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2024.104457
Riyanto Haribowo , Rizky Almarendra Wirawan Putra , Muchammad Ja'far Shiddik , Tsabita Putri Anggani , Ramizah Rifdah , Sri Wahyuni , Emma Yuliani , Arriel Fadhilah
Increasing human activities and improper waste disposal will cause microplastic pollution in surface water. This study analyzed the abundance and characteristics of microplastics, pollution index based on water quality and its relationship with microplastic pollution, and the potential ecological risk of microplastics along the Tambakoso River which is influenced by various land uses of housing, industry, agriculture, and ponds from 16 sampling points. The average abundance of microplastics in the river was 91.80 particles/L. The Kruskal Wallis test showed that there were significant differences between microplastic pollution at each sampling location (Pvalue <0.05). In general, microplastics were mostly found in the form of fragments (48.36 %), transparent color (73.81 %), SMP size (<1 mm) (81.6 %), and dominated by PVC and nylon polymers. However, the characteristics of microplastics at each sampling location varied. The water quality pollution index value showed a slightly polluted category at most points. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that the characteristics of the shape and color of microplastics correlated with water quality parameters. The potential ecological risk based on microplastic pollution showed minor, moderate, and high categories at points with industrial land use. This indicates that the distribution of microplastics is closely related to human activities in the area. The level of ecological risk from microplastics depends on the percentage of each plastic polymer, along with its abundance in the environment. This study offers an important basis for designing efficient countermeasures to reduce microplastic pollution and improve water quality in surface waters.
人类活动的增加和废物的不当处理会造成地表水中的微塑料污染。本研究通过 16 个采样点,分析了受住宅、工业、农业和池塘等不同土地用途影响的坦帕科索河沿岸微塑料的丰度和特征、基于水质的污染指数及其与微塑料污染的关系,以及微塑料的潜在生态风险。河流中微塑料的平均丰度为 91.80 微粒/升。Kruskal Wallis 检验表明,各采样点的微塑料污染情况存在显著差异(P 值为
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引用次数: 0
Innovations in plastic remediation: Catalytic degradation and machine learning for sustainable solutions 塑料修复方面的创新:催化降解和机器学习的可持续解决方案。
IF 3.5 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2024.104449
V.C. Deivayanai, S. Karishma, P. Thamarai, R. Kamalesh, A. Saravanan, P.R. Yaashikaa, A.S. Vickram
Plastic pollution is an extreme environmental threat, necessitating novel restoration solutions. The present investigation investigates the integration of machine learning (ML) techniques with catalytic degradation processes to improve plastic waste management. Catalytic degradation is emphasized for its efficiency and selectivity, while several machine learning techniques are assessed for their capacity to enhance these processes. The review goes into ML applications for forecasting catalyst performance, determining appropriate reaction conditions, and refining catalyst design to improve overall process performance. Briefing about the reinforcement, supervised, and unsupervised learning algorithms that handle all complex data and parameters is explained. A techno-economic study is provided, evaluating these ML-driven system's performance, affordability, and environmental sustainability. The paper reviews how the novel method integrating ML with catalytic degradation for plastic cleanup might alter the process, providing new insights into scalable and sustainable solutions. This review emphasizes the usefulness of these modern strategies in tackling the urgent problem of plastic pollution by offering a comprehensive examination.
塑料污染是一种极端的环境威胁,需要新颖的修复解决方案。本研究调查了机器学习(ML)技术与催化降解过程的整合,以改善塑料废物管理。本研究强调催化降解的效率和选择性,同时对几种机器学习技术进行了评估,看它们是否有能力加强这些过程。综述深入探讨了机器学习在预测催化剂性能、确定合适的反应条件以及改进催化剂设计以提高整体工艺性能方面的应用。还简要介绍了处理所有复杂数据和参数的强化学习、监督学习和无监督学习算法。论文还提供了一项技术经济研究,对这些 ML 驱动系统的性能、经济性和环境可持续性进行了评估。论文回顾了将 ML 与塑料净化催化降解相结合的新方法如何改变工艺,为可扩展和可持续的解决方案提供了新的见解。本综述通过全面考察,强调了这些现代策略在解决塑料污染这一紧迫问题方面的实用性。
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引用次数: 0
Insight into the relationship between similarity and the degree of equilibrium of contaminant release curves through numerical simulations 通过数值模拟深入了解污染物释放曲线的相似性与平衡程度之间的关系。
IF 3.5 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2024.104451
Yukari Imoto
The assumption of local equilibrium, especially in test standards for assessing the leaching of hazardous substances from materials, is crucial for the use of test results and the robustness of testing. However, previous studies of contact time conditions in percolation test standard have evaluated equilibrium and robustness separately. Therefore, this study tests the assumption of local equilibrium in the up-flow percolation test, standardized as ISO 21268-3 in 2019, and discusses the relationship between the similarity of test results and degree of equilibrium. Thus, we conducted approximately 6000 numerical simulations in total with varying leaching parameters to determine breakthrough curves (BTCs) for the substances investigated by the test standard. The results showed that the two BTCs for the longest and shortest contact time conditions within the standard test were identical over a wide range of parameters, supporting the robustness of the standard test. Interestingly, identical BTCs occur in equilibrium or near-equilibrium and nonequilibrium leaching. This finding indicates the need to reconsider the conventional interpretation that equilibrium is reached when test results with different contact time conditions appear identical and encourages efforts to develop procedures to verify equilibrium leaching.
局部平衡的假设,尤其是在评估材料中有害物质沥滤的测试标准中,对于测试结果的使用和测试的稳健性至关重要。然而,以往对渗滤测试标准中接触时间条件的研究是将平衡和稳健性分开评估的。因此,本研究测试了 2019 年标准化为 ISO 21268-3 的上流式渗滤测试中的局部平衡假设,并讨论了测试结果的相似性与平衡程度之间的关系。因此,我们总共进行了约 6000 次不同浸出参数的数值模拟,以确定测试标准所研究物质的突破曲线(BTC)。结果表明,标准测试中接触时间最长和最短条件下的两条突破曲线在很大的参数范围内是相同的,这证明了标准测试的稳健性。有趣的是,在平衡或接近平衡和非平衡沥滤条件下会出现相同的 BTC。这一发现表明,有必要重新考虑传统的解释,即当不同接触时间条件下的测试结果看起来相同时,就已经达到了平衡,并鼓励人们努力开发验证平衡沥滤的程序。
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引用次数: 0
Optimized survey design for the joint use of direct current resistivity and induced polarization: Monitoring of DNAPL source zone evolution at a virtual field site 联合使用直流电阻率和感应极化的优化勘测设计:监测虚拟现场的 DNAPL 源区演变。
IF 3.5 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2024.104452
Siyuan Qiang , Xiaoqing Shi , André Revil , Xueyuan Kang , Christopher Power
The combined application of direct current (DC) resistivity and induced polarization (IP) methods, referred to as combined DCIP method, has gained popularity for characterizing the critical zone dynamic processes such as dense non-aqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs) spreading at contaminated sites. Large-scale DCIP surveys typically require considerable durations, necessitating optimized survey designs to enhance survey resolution while controlling time and labor costs. However, to date, approaches to optimize geoelectrical survey design have focused solely on DC applications, and the efficiency of optimized survey designs for combined DCIP is yet to be investigated. Moreover, as subsurface heterogeneity would impact the geophysical observations, most field-scale numerical DCIP studies have still been conducted at artificial sites that lacked realistic aquifer heterogeneity, which could affect the validity of the DCIP survey evaluations. In this work, a virtual geoenvironmental field site based on high-resolution real aquifer analog was created to simulate a DNAPL evolution scenario with simultaneous monitoring by DCIP survey, employing both the optimized survey design and popular non-optimized survey designs (Wenner, Wenner-Schlumberger, Dipole-Dipole arrays). Results show that the optimized survey with prior information improves the monitoring accuracy of DNAPL source zone (SZ) by 8 to 19 % with respect to different DCIP characteristics (conductivity, chargeability, normalized chargeability, and relaxation time). Another ideal numerical test indicates that the optimized survey shows up to an 83 % reduction in measurement time compared to the conventional survey, while maintaining the same subsurface image resolution. Additionally, the optimized surveys designed without or with limited prior information were also shown to be more efficient than conventional survey for imaging the entire subsurface space. The findings in this study highlight the immense potential of optimized survey design methods for enhancing the efficiency of DCIP surveys on subsurface contaminants and hydrological processes.
直流(DC)电阻率和诱导极化(IP)方法的联合应用(称为联合 DCIP 法)在描述临界区动态过程(如污染场地的高密度非水相液体(DNAPLs)扩散)方面越来越受欢迎。大规模 DCIP 勘测通常需要相当长的时间,因此需要优化勘测设计,以提高勘测分辨率,同时控制时间和人力成本。然而,迄今为止,优化地质电气勘测设计的方法仅集中在直流应用上,而针对组合式 DCIP 的优化勘测设计的效率还有待研究。此外,由于地下异质性会影响地球物理观测,大多数野外规模的数值 DCIP 研究仍在缺乏真实含水层异质性的人工场地进行,这可能会影响 DCIP 勘测评估的有效性。在这项工作中,基于高分辨率真实含水层模拟创建了一个虚拟地质环境现场,以模拟 DNAPL 演化情景,并同时采用 DCIP 勘测进行监测,同时采用了优化勘测设计和常用的非优化勘测设计(温纳、温纳-施伦贝谢、偶极-偶极阵列)。结果表明,根据不同的 DCIP 特性(电导率、电荷率、归一化电荷率和弛豫时间),先验信息优化勘测可将 DNAPL 源区(SZ)的监测精度提高 8% 至 19%。另一项理想的数值测试表明,与传统勘测相比,优化勘测最多可缩短 83% 的测量时间,同时保持相同的地下图像分辨率。此外,在没有先验信息或先验信息有限的情况下设计的优化勘测,在整个地下空间成像方面也比传统勘测更有效率。这项研究的结果凸显了优化勘测设计方法在提高 DCIP 勘测地下污染物和水文过程的效率方面的巨大潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Characterization of microplastics in soil, leachate and groundwater at a municipal landfill in Rayong Province, Thailand 泰国罗勇府一个城市垃圾填埋场的土壤、沥滤液和地下水中微塑料的特征。
IF 3.5 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2024.104455
Wanlapa Wisitthammasri , Phatchareeporn Promduang , Srilert Chotpantarat
Recent years have witnessed a dramatic increase in global plastic production, leading to heightened concerns over microplastics (MPs) contamination as a significant environmental challenge. MP particles are ubiquitously distributed across both continental and marine ecosystems. Given the paucity of research on MPs in Thailand, particularly regarding MPs contamination in terrestrial environments, this study focused on investigating the distribution and characteristics of MPs in a landfill area. We collected 15 soil samples, 2 leachate samples, and 7 groundwater samples from both inside and outside a municipal landfill situated in the urbanized coastal region of Rayong Province. Our findings revealed variability in MPs concentration across different sample types. In soil, the MP count ranged from 240 to 26,100 pieces per kg of dry soil, 58.71 % of all sample sizes are lower than 0.5 mm. Similarly, the size found in the leachate sample, and the average MP in the leachate samples was 139 pieces per liter of MPs. The groundwater samples showed a fluctuation in MPs count from 18 to 94 pieces per liter, and the size of MPs ranged mostly from 0.5 to 1 mm. The predominant forms of MPs identified were sheets, followed by fragments, fibers, and granules. According to μ-FTIR analysis, the majority of the MPs were composed of polyethylene and polypropylene, commonly used in plastic packaging and ropes. The observed high concentrations and extensive distribution of MP contamination underscore the urgency for further studies and effective management strategies to mitigate the adverse impacts of this pollution on various organisms and ecosystems.
近年来,全球塑料产量急剧增加,导致人们更加关注微塑料(MPs)污染这一重大环境挑战。微塑料颗粒在大陆和海洋生态系统中无处不在。鉴于泰国有关 MPs 的研究很少,特别是有关陆地环境中 MPs 污染的研究,本研究重点调查了垃圾填埋场中 MPs 的分布和特征。我们从罗勇府城市化沿海地区的一个市政垃圾填埋场内外采集了 15 份土壤样本、2 份沥滤液样本和 7 份地下水样本。我们的研究结果表明,不同类型的样本中 MPs 的浓度存在差异。在土壤中,每公斤干土中的 MP 数量从 240 到 26,100 不等,58.71% 的样本尺寸小于 0.5 毫米。同样,在沥滤液样本中也发现了这种尺寸,沥滤液样本中的 MP 平均值为每升 139 粒。地下水样本中的 MPs 数量从每升 18 个到 94 个不等,MPs 的大小大多在 0.5 毫米到 1 毫米之间。经鉴定,主要的 MPs 形态是片状,其次是碎片、纤维和颗粒。根据μ-傅立叶变换红外分析,大多数 MPs 由聚乙烯和聚丙烯组成,常用于塑料包装和绳索。观察到的 MP 污染物浓度高、分布广,突出表明迫切需要进一步研究和制定有效的管理策略,以减轻这种污染对各种生物和生态系统的不利影响。
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引用次数: 0
A semi-probabilistic Bayesian method to identify the number and location of potential sources in 3D unconfined aquifer using limited observed concentration 利用有限的观测浓度,采用半概率贝叶斯方法确定三维无约束含水层中潜在污染源的数量和位置。
IF 3.5 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2024.104447
Bandaru Goutham Rajeev Gandhi , Rajib Kumar Bhattacharjya
Source identification of a contaminant has always been challenging for accurately modeling groundwater transport. Source identification problems are classified into several parts, such as identifying the location of contamination, the strength of contamination, the time the contaminant is introduced into the groundwater, and the duration of its activity. Identifying the sources considering all the parts as variables increases the computational complexity. Reducing the number of variables in source identification problems is necessary for a swift solution through optimization approaches. The most challenging variable in source identification modeling is the location of contamination, as it is a discrete variable for almost all the numerical solutions of groundwater models. In this research study, we have created a methodology to narrow the location of contamination from a random distribution throughout the aquifer to a reasonable number of probable locations. Although methods to identify the location of contamination were devised earlier, we have attempted an approach of combining a particle tracking approach with Bayesian method of updating the probabilities as a novel approach, where the observation data is limited. We have considered the aquifer parameters and observation well data and devised a method with a Lagrangian approach to particle movement to identify the potential source locations. We have refined the source locations to a narrower probability distribution using the Bayesian method of updating the probability through new information of refined grid space. We have tested the models to identify the potential sources with different hypothetical problems and identified the sources in advective dominant transport with an average probability of 0.53, diffusion dominant transport with an average probability of 0.62, heterogenous soils with an average probability of 0.99, anisotropic aquifer with an average probability of 0.91, and aquifer with irregular boundary with an average probability of 0.96 to identify the location nearest to the actual contaminant source. The results are satisfactory in identifying the number of potential sources with an accuracy of 88 % (15 identified out of 17 sources with a probability greater than 0.4) and their locations in the aquifer with a probability of 0.223 for exact location identification. The probability of finding a source nearest to the actual location is 0.745 at an average distance of 11.6 m from the actual source location.
要准确模拟地下水的迁移,污染物的来源识别一直是个难题。污染源识别问题分为几个部分,如识别污染位置、污染强度、污染物进入地下水的时间及其活动持续时间。将所有部分都视为变量来识别污染源会增加计算的复杂性。要想通过优化方法快速解决问题,就必须减少污染源识别问题中的变量数量。污染源识别建模中最具挑战性的变量是污染位置,因为它是几乎所有地下水模型数值解法中的离散变量。在这项研究中,我们创建了一种方法,将污染位置从整个含水层的随机分布缩小到合理数量的可能位置。虽然确定污染位置的方法早有设计,但在观测数据有限的情况下,我们尝试将粒子跟踪方法与更新概率的贝叶斯方法相结合,作为一种新方法。我们考虑了含水层参数和观测井数据,设计了一种采用拉格朗日粒子运动方法来确定潜在污染源位置的方法。我们利用贝叶斯方法,通过细化网格空间的新信息更新概率,将水源位置细化为较窄的概率分布。我们用不同的假设问题测试了识别潜在污染源的模型,在平流主导传输中识别污染源的平均概率为 0.53,在扩散主导传输中识别污染源的平均概率为 0.62,在异质土壤中识别污染源的平均概率为 0.99,在各向异性含水层中识别污染源的平均概率为 0.91,在不规则边界含水层中识别污染源的平均概率为 0.96,从而识别出距离实际污染源最近的位置。在确定潜在污染源数量方面,结果令人满意,准确率为 88%(17 个污染源中确定了 15 个,概率大于 0.4),在含水层中确定污染源位置的准确概率为 0.223。在距离实际水源位置平均 11.6 米的地方,找到最接近实际位置的水源的概率为 0.745。
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引用次数: 0
Microplastics in wastewater plants: A review of sources, characteristics, distribution and removal technologies 污水处理厂中的微塑料:来源、特征、分布和去除技术综述。
IF 3.5 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2024.104448
Zhihao Hu, Yongjun Sun, Jun Zhou, Wenquan Sun, Kinjal J. Shah
Microplastics (MPs) are widespread in everyday life, and since wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) serve as an important route for MPs to enter natural water bodies, a thorough understanding of the distribution and removal of MPs in wastewater treatment plants is of great importance. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the measured distribution of MPs and the current status of their removal in wastewater treatment plants. The main sources of MPs in wastewater treatment plants are personal care products in domestic wastewater, textile clothing and industrial wastewater made from plastics, textile factories and the friction of road tires. The MPs that entered the sewage treatment plant were predominantly in the form of fibers, fragments, granular MPs and other types of MPs. The size of MPs is divided into three categories: <0.5 mm, 0.5–1 mm and 1–5 mm. At all treatment stages in wastewater plants, 56.8–88.4 % of MPs are removed in primary treatment, but the primary sedimentation and degreasing stages remove most MPs. The efficiency of the activated sludge process for secondary treatment is inconsistent and is generally between 42.1 and 99.2 %. The coagulation, filtration and disinfection stages of tertiary treatment all have some MPs removal capacity. In addition, novel removal technologies are also described, such as modified filtration technology, membrane separation technology, electroflocculation, sol-gel and photocatalysis. These novel removal technologies can further limit the entry of microplastics into natural water bodies through sewage treatment plants and improved sewage treatment processes help reduce the risk of MPs entering the natural environment through sewage treatment plants. This article will provide reference for the distribution and removal of microplastics in various levels of WWTPs.
微塑料(MPs)广泛存在于日常生活中,而污水处理厂(WWTPs)是微塑料进入自然水体的重要途径,因此全面了解污水处理厂中微塑料的分布和去除情况具有重要意义。本文全面概述了污水处理厂中 MPs 的测量分布和去除现状。污水处理厂中 MPs 的主要来源是生活污水中的个人护理产品、纺织服装以及由塑料、纺织厂和公路轮胎摩擦产生的工业废水。进入污水处理厂的 MPs 主要以纤维、碎片、颗粒状 MPs 和其他类型 MPs 的形式存在。根据 MPs 的大小可分为三类:
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引用次数: 0
Patterns of spatiotemporal variations in the hydrochemistry and controlling factors of bedrock aquifers in the northern region of the Linhuan mining area 临环矿区北部地区基岩含水层水化学时空变化规律及控制因素。
IF 3.5 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2024.104450
Miao Zhang , Luwang Chen , Xiaowei Hou , Yongsheng Hu , Jie Zhang , Jun Li , Xiaoxi Yin , Xiaoping Shi , Xinyue Cai
Systematically studying the hydrochemical evolution of bedrock groundwater in mining areas during mining process is crucial for effective groundwater resource management and coal mine production. The spatiotemporal characteristics and hydrochemical evolution patterns of the Permian fractured sandstone aquifer (PA) and the Carboniferous Taiyuan Formation limestone aquifer (CTA), both of which are directly associated with coal mining in the northern Linhuan mining area, China, were investigated using multivariate statistical analyses, hydrochemical graphical methods, ion ratio analysis, and a conceptual model. 72 groundwater samples, collected before and after mining, were classified into four groups by hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). Principal component analysis (PCA) and ion ratio analysis indicated that water-rock interactions involve mineral dissolution (carbonates, gypsum, dolomite, silicates), cation exchange, and common ion effects. Hydrochemical evolution is influenced by bedrock paleotopography, aquifer hydraulic conductivity, and mining drainage. Paletopographic differences significantly influence water-rock interactions and spatial variability in hydrochemistry, with ion concentrations in groundwater increasing as paleotopographic elevation decreases. The pattern of hydraulic conductivity reflects the control exerted by variations in aquifer characteristics on mineral dissolution, leading to minor changes in hydrochemical characteristics. Mining activities disrupt the aquifer's reducing environment, resulting in a significant increase in groundwater SO42− concentration. These findings provide insights and a solid theoretical foundation for studying the hydrochemical variations patterns of groundwater and these control mechanisms in the hidden coal fields of North China.
系统研究矿区基岩地下水在开采过程中的水化学演变规律,对于有效管理地下水资源和煤矿生产至关重要。本研究采用多元统计分析、水化学图解法、离子比值分析和概念模型,研究了中国临环北部矿区与煤炭开采直接相关的二叠系断裂砂岩含水层(PA)和石炭系太原地层石灰岩含水层(CTA)的时空特征和水化学演化规律。通过层次聚类分析(HCA)将采矿前后采集的 72 个地下水样本分为四组。主成分分析(PCA)和离子比率分析表明,水与岩石的相互作用涉及矿物溶解(碳酸盐、石膏、白云石、硅酸盐)、阳离子交换和常见离子效应。水化学演变受基岩古地形、含水层导水性和采矿排水的影响。古地形差异极大地影响了水与岩石的相互作用以及水化学的空间变化,地下水中的离子浓度随着古地形标高的降低而增加。水力传导模式反映了含水层特征的变化对矿物溶解的控制,从而导致水化学特征的微小变化。采矿活动破坏了含水层的还原环境,导致地下水 SO42- 浓度显著增加。这些发现为研究华北隐伏煤田地下水的水化学变化规律及其控制机制提供了启示和坚实的理论基础。
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引用次数: 0
Determining the evaporation and evolution of surface water in a large catchment using isotopes and multiple models 利用同位素和多种模型确定大型集水区地表水的蒸发和演变。
IF 3.5 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2024.104446
Xiang Dong , Xing Chen , Fazhi Xie , Liugen Zheng , Zihan Zhang , Xinyi Fu , Tianqi Ma
The evolution and formation mechanisms of chemical components in surface water can reflect changes in the geological background of a basin and the extent of human interference. The Yangtze River basin is the largest water source area in China, yet its main ion sources and formation mechanisms are not fully understood. This study uses a combination of hydrochemistry, stable isotopes (δ18O, δD), the Craig-Gordon model, and the APCS-MLR model to quantitatively assess the water source replenishment and evaporation intensity of surface water in the Yangtze River. The study reveals the primary ion sources and controlling factors of surface water in the Yangtze River. The results show that the hydrochemical type in the upstream is mainly HCO3-Ca2+ and Na+-K+, while in the midstream and downstream it is primarily HCO3-Ca2+ and SO42−-Ca2+. The evolution of hydrochemical types is mainly controlled by rock weathering and human inputs. The surface water sources in the Yangtze River are directly replenished by precipitation, with the evaporation ratio in the upstream (0.66) being higher than in the midstream (0.63) and downstream (0.47). The lc-excess in the upstream (−0.32 ‰) is lower than in the midstream (1.21 ‰) and downstream (−0.27 ‰), indicating more intense evaporation in the upstream. The hydrochemical composition of the Yangtze River surface water mainly comes from geological factors (80.5 %), industrial factors (11.1 %), agricultural factors (6.4 %), and unknown factors (2.0 %). This study enhances the understanding of the chemical composition, water source replenishment, ion sources, and evolution mechanisms of the Yangtze River surface water, providing a basis for maintaining water quality and sustainable development in the Yangtze River basin.
地表水中化学成分的演变和形成机制可以反映流域地质背景的变化和人为干扰的程度。长江流域是中国最大的水源区,但其主要离子源和形成机制尚未完全清楚。本研究结合水化学、稳定同位素(δ18O、δD)、Craig-Gordon 模型和 APCS-MLR 模型,对长江地表水的水源补给和蒸发强度进行了定量评估。研究揭示了长江地表水的主要离子源和控制因子。结果表明,上游水化学类型主要为 HCO3--Ca2+和 Na+-K+,中下游主要为 HCO3--Ca2+和 SO42--Ca2+。水化学类型的演变主要受岩石风化和人为输入的控制。长江地表水源由降水直接补充,上游蒸发比(0.66)高于中游(0.63)和下游(0.47)。上游的 lc-过量(-0.32‰)低于中游(1.21‰)和下游(-0.27‰),表明上游的蒸发更为强烈。长江地表水的水化学组成主要来自地质因素(80.5%)、工业因素(11.1%)、农业因素(6.4%)和未知因素(2.0%)。该研究加深了人们对长江地表水化学成分、水源补给、离子来源和演变机理的认识,为保持长江流域水质和可持续发展提供了依据。
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引用次数: 0
Feasibility evaluation of a blended cover with activated carbon for in-situ stabilization of DDT in sediment 用活性炭混合覆盖物就地稳定沉积物中滴滴涕的可行性评估
IF 3.5 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2024.104445
Yeo-Myoung Cho, Brooke J. Pauken, Anna E. Tovkach, Oliver B. Fringer, Stephen G. Monismith, Richard G. Luthy
Activated carbon (AC) sediment amendment is an in-situ remediation technology in which the applied AC immobilizes organic contaminant flux from sediments, thereby reducing contaminant bioavailability and associated risks. While various studies have demonstrated the feasibility of in-situ AC treatment, hesitation to apply this technology exists due to limited experience under field-specific scour conditions and hydrodynamic forces. To address this concern, we conducted a feasibility study for an AC-blended cover at the Lauritzen Channel of the United Heckathorn Superfund Site in Richmond, California, United States, which was contaminated with dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and its metabolites (DDx) as well as dieldrin. Vessel activities causing sediment disturbance were identified as key factors for remedy selection. A blended cover with AC and coarse materials was designed to withstand varied hydrodynamic conditions and AC stability was tested in a current flume. The cover comprised medium-size gravel (D50 = 15 mm, D90 = 19 mm) with 4 % granular AC by weight. Flume erosion studies showed minimal AC loss (1–2 % of total AC) under shear forces of 9–31 Pa, which was equivalent to or exceeded the estimated worst-case erosional conditions in the channel induced by a hypothetical, stationary tugboat propelling at high power thrust. The treatability performance of the engineered blended cover design was evaluated through mesocosm studies using site sediment and various cover options. Post-treatment assessments on days 5 and 145 showed rapid reductions in freely dissolved (Cfree) DDx and dieldrin in the blended cover layers and surface water. For example, by day 145, Cfree DDx was reduced by over 98 %, meeting US EPA remedial goals for the site. It is concluded that the combination of both stability and performance testing demonstrates that an engineered blended cover-AC design would be a feasible remedial option at the site, and that this testing approach can be applied to evaluate in-situ treatment in other sediment cleanup activities.
活性炭(AC)沉积物改良是一种原位修复技术,应用活性炭可固定沉积物中的有机污染物通量,从而降低污染物的生物利用率和相关风险。虽然各种研究都证明了原位活性碳处理的可行性,但由于在现场特定冲刷条件和水动力作用下的经验有限,人们对应用这种技术还存在犹豫。为了解决这一问题,我们在美国加利福尼亚州里士满的 United Heckathorn 超级基金遗址的劳瑞岑水道进行了 AC 混合覆盖的可行性研究,该水道受到二氯二苯三氯乙烷及其代谢物(DDx)以及狄氏剂的污染。造成沉积物扰动的船只活动被认为是选择补救措施的关键因素。设计了一种含有 AC 和粗粒材料的混合覆盖层,以承受不同的水动力条件,并在水流槽中测试了 AC 的稳定性。覆盖层由中等大小的砾石(D50 = 15 毫米,D90 = 19 毫米)和 4% 的颗粒状 AC(按重量计)组成。水槽侵蚀研究表明,在 9-31 Pa 的剪切力作用下,AC 损失极小(占 AC 总量的 1-2%),这相当于或超过了假定的静止拖船以大功率推力推进时在河道中造成的最坏侵蚀条件。通过使用现场沉积物和各种盖板方案进行中型宇宙研究,对工程混合盖板设计的可处理性进行了评估。第 5 天和第 145 天的处理后评估显示,混合覆盖层和地表水中自由溶解(不含游离碳)的 DDx 和狄氏剂迅速减少。例如,到第 145 天,不含 C 的 DDx 减少了 98% 以上,达到了美国环保局为该场地制定的补救目标。结论是,稳定性和性能测试的结合表明,工程混合覆盖层-AC 设计是该场址可行的补救方案,而且这种测试方法可用于评估其他沉积物清理活动中的原位处理。
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Journal of contaminant hydrology
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