Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2024.104394
Zhengkun Zhou, Kai Ji
Macrodispersivity is critical for predicting solute behaviors with dispersive transport models. Conventional methods of estimating macrodispersivity usually need to solve flow equations and are time-consuming. Convolutional neural networks (CNN) have recently been proven capable of efficiently mapping the hydraulic conductivity field and macrodispersivity. However, the mapping accuracy still needs further improvement. In this paper, we present a new network shortcut connection style called weighted multi-scale connections (WMC) for convolutional neural networks to improve mapping accuracy. We provide empirical evidence showing that the WMC can improve the performance of CNN in macrodispersivity estimation by implementing the WMC in CNNs (CNN without short-cut connections, ResNet, and DenseNet), and evaluating them on datasets of macrodispersivity estimation. For the CNN without short-cut connections, the WMC can improve the estimating R2 by at least 3% on three datasets of conductivity fields. For ResNet18, the WMC improved the estimated R2 by an average of 2.5% on all three datasets. For ResNet34, the WMC improved the estimated R2 by an average of 5.6%. For ResNet50, the WMC improved the estimated R2 by an average of 16%. For ResNet101, the WMC improved the estimating R2 by an average of 30%. For DenseNets, the improved estimated R2 ranges from 0.5% to 5%. The WMC can strengthen feature propagation of different sizes and alleviate the vanishing-gradient issue. Moreover, it can be implemented to any CNN with down-sampling layers or blocks.
{"title":"The weighted multi-scale connections networks for macrodispersivity estimation","authors":"Zhengkun Zhou, Kai Ji","doi":"10.1016/j.jconhyd.2024.104394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2024.104394","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Macrodispersivity is critical for predicting solute behaviors with dispersive transport models. Conventional methods of estimating macrodispersivity usually need to solve flow equations and are time-consuming. Convolutional neural networks (CNN) have recently been proven capable of efficiently mapping the hydraulic conductivity field and macrodispersivity. However, the mapping accuracy still needs further improvement. In this paper, we present a new network shortcut connection style called weighted multi-scale connections (WMC) for convolutional neural networks to improve mapping accuracy. We provide empirical evidence showing that the WMC can improve the performance of CNN in macrodispersivity estimation by implementing the WMC in CNNs (CNN without short-cut connections, ResNet, and DenseNet), and evaluating them on datasets of macrodispersivity estimation. For the CNN without short-cut connections, the WMC can improve the estimating R<sup>2</sup> by at least 3% on three datasets of conductivity fields. For ResNet18, the WMC improved the estimated R<sup>2</sup> by an average of 2.5% on all three datasets. For ResNet34, the WMC improved the estimated R<sup>2</sup> by an average of 5.6%. For ResNet50, the WMC improved the estimated R<sup>2</sup> by an average of 16%. For ResNet101, the WMC improved the estimating R<sup>2</sup> by an average of 30%. For DenseNets, the improved estimated R<sup>2</sup> ranges from 0.5% to 5%. The WMC can strengthen feature propagation of different sizes and alleviate the vanishing-gradient issue. Moreover, it can be implemented to any CNN with down-sampling layers or blocks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15530,"journal":{"name":"Journal of contaminant hydrology","volume":"265 ","pages":"Article 104394"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141607904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2024.104391
Rakiba Sultana , Raymond H. Johnson , Aaron D. Tigar , Timothy J. Wahl , Cullen E. Meurer , Kendyl N. Hoss , Shangping Xu , Charles J. Paradis
Natural river flooding events can mobilize contaminants from the vadose zone and lead to increased concentrations in groundwater. Characterizing the mass and transport mechanisms of contaminants released from the vadose zone to groundwater during these recharge events is particularly challenging. Therefore, conducting highly-controlled in-situ experiments that simulate natural flooding events can help increase the knowledge of where contaminants can be stored and how they can move between hydrological compartments. This study specifically targets uranium pollution, which is accompanied by high sulfate levels in the vadose zone and groundwater. Two novel experimental river flooding events were conducted that utilized added non-reactive halides (bromide and iodide) and 2,6-difluorobenzoate tracers. In both experiments, about 8 m3 of traced water from a nearby contaminant-poor river was flooded in a 3-m diameter basin and infiltrated through the vadose zone and into a contaminant-rich unconfined aquifer for an average of 10 days. The aquifer contained 13 temporary wells that were monitored for solute concentration for up to 40 days. The groundwater analysis was conducted for changes in contaminant mass using the Theissen polygon method and for transport mechanisms using temporal moments. The results indicated an increase in uranium (21 and 24%), and sulfate (24 and 25%) contaminant mass transport to groundwater from the vadose zone during both experiments. These findings confirmed that the vadose zone can store and release substantial amounts of contaminants to groundwater during flooding events. Additionally, contaminants were detected earlier than the added tracers, along with higher concentrations. These results suggested that contaminant-rich pore water in the vadose zone was transported ahead of the traced flood waters and into groundwater. During the first flooding event, elevated concentrations of contaminants were sustained, and that chloride behaved similarly. The findings implied that contaminant- and chloride-rich evaporites in the vadose zone were dissolved during the first flooding event. For the second flooding event, the data suggested that the contaminant-rich evaporites continued to dissolve whereas chloride-rich evaporites were previously flushed. Overall, these findings indicated that contaminant-rich pore water and evaporites in the vadose zone can play a significant role in contaminant transport during flooding events.
{"title":"Contaminant mobilization from the vadose zone to groundwater during experimental river flooding events","authors":"Rakiba Sultana , Raymond H. Johnson , Aaron D. Tigar , Timothy J. Wahl , Cullen E. Meurer , Kendyl N. Hoss , Shangping Xu , Charles J. Paradis","doi":"10.1016/j.jconhyd.2024.104391","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jconhyd.2024.104391","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Natural river flooding events can mobilize contaminants from the vadose zone and lead to increased concentrations in groundwater. Characterizing the mass and transport mechanisms of contaminants released from the vadose zone to groundwater during these recharge events is particularly challenging. Therefore, conducting highly-controlled in-situ experiments that simulate natural flooding events can help increase the knowledge of where contaminants can be stored and how they can move between hydrological compartments. This study specifically targets uranium pollution, which is accompanied by high sulfate levels in the vadose zone and groundwater. Two novel experimental river flooding events were conducted that utilized added non-reactive halides (bromide and iodide) and 2,6-difluorobenzoate tracers. In both experiments, about 8 m<sup>3</sup> of traced water from a nearby contaminant-poor river was flooded in a 3-m diameter basin and infiltrated through the vadose zone and into a contaminant-rich unconfined aquifer for an average of 10 days. The aquifer contained 13 temporary wells that were monitored for solute concentration for up to 40 days. The groundwater analysis was conducted for changes in contaminant mass using the Theissen polygon method and for transport mechanisms using temporal moments. The results indicated an increase in uranium (21 and 24%), and sulfate (24 and 25%) contaminant mass transport to groundwater from the vadose zone during both experiments. These findings confirmed that the vadose zone can store and release substantial amounts of contaminants to groundwater during flooding events. Additionally, contaminants were detected earlier than the added tracers, along with higher concentrations. These results suggested that contaminant-rich pore water in the vadose zone was transported ahead of the traced flood waters and into groundwater. During the first flooding event, elevated concentrations of contaminants were sustained, and that chloride behaved similarly. The findings implied that contaminant- and chloride-rich evaporites in the vadose zone were dissolved during the first flooding event. For the second flooding event, the data suggested that the contaminant-rich evaporites continued to dissolve whereas chloride-rich evaporites were previously flushed. Overall, these findings indicated that contaminant-rich pore water and evaporites in the vadose zone can play a significant role in contaminant transport during flooding events.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15530,"journal":{"name":"Journal of contaminant hydrology","volume":"265 ","pages":"Article 104391"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141468465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-18DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2024.104386
Hao Zhan , Shouqiang Liu , Qiang Wu , Weitao Liu , Lihu Shi , Dong Liu
The groundwater hydrodynamic and hydrochemical process of the multi-aquifer system will experience complicated and serious influence under deep coal mining disturbance. There is relatively little research that has integrated hydrodynamic and hydrochemical properties of groundwater to investigate the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics and evolution patterns of hydrogeochemistry and hydrodynamic information in deep multi-aquifer systems. The study of the groundwater hydrodynamic and hydrochemical spatiotemporal coupling response of multi-aquifer systems under the deep and special thick coal seam mining-motivated effect in ecologically fragile western mining areas is of great significance for the safe mining of coal resources and ecological environment protection. In this research, the hydrochemical analysis data composed of 218 groundwater samples from Tangjiahui coalfield, Northwest China with 1526 measurements and a 6-year (2016–2021) sampling period were collected for studying the hydrogeochemical spatiotemporal evolution process and governing mechanism of the multi-aquifer system using hierarchical cluster analysis, ion-ratio method, saturation index and multidimensional statistical analysis. Additionally, wavelet analysis and cross-wavelet coherence analysis were implemented to quantitatively recognize the spatiotemporal variation characteristics of hydrodynamic information and analyze the coherence relationships between time series. The results demonstrate that the hydrochemical characteristics exhibit significant spatial differences, while the temporal variation of hydrochemical characteristics in the Permian Shanxi Formation fractured sandstone aquifer (PSFFA), mine water (MW), and Ordovician karst limestone aquifer (OKA) is not significant. The water-rock interaction is the predominant control mechanism for the spatial evolution of hydrogeochemistry in the research area. Moreover, the large-scale mining of deep coal seams controls the type and degree of water-rock interactions by damaging the structure of aquifers and altering the hydrodynamic conditions of groundwater. The period from 2016 to 2021 exhibits multi-time scale characteristics in time series of precipitation, mine water discharge, and the water level of PSFFA and OKA. The mine water discharge has a positive correlation with the water level of PSFFA and OKA, whereas the significant period of precipitation and the water level of PSFFA coherence is not obvious. The research findings not only provide in-depth insights to protect the groundwater resources in water-shortage mining areas but also promote the secure mining of deep coal resources.
在深部采煤扰动下,多含水层系统的地下水水动力和水化学过程将受到复杂而严重的影响。综合地下水水动力和水化学特性,研究深部多含水层系统水文地球化学和水动力信息的时空分布特征和演化规律的研究相对较少。在生态脆弱的西部矿区,研究深部特殊厚煤层开采动因作用下多含水层系统的地下水水动力和水化学时空耦合响应,对煤炭资源安全开采和生态环境保护具有重要意义。本研究采用层次聚类分析、离子比值法、饱和度指数和多维统计分析等方法,收集了中国西北唐家会煤田218个地下水样品、1526次测量数据和6年(2016-2021)采样期的水化学分析数据,研究了多含水层系统的水文地球化学时空演化过程和调控机理。此外,通过小波分析和交叉小波相干分析,定量识别了水动力信息的时空变化特征,分析了时间序列之间的相干关系。结果表明,二叠系山西地层裂隙砂岩含水层(PSFFA)、矿井水(MW)和奥陶系岩溶石灰岩含水层(OKA)的水化学特征表现出明显的空间差异,而时间变化不明显。水-岩相互作用是研究区水文地球化学空间演化的主要控制机制。此外,深部煤层的大规模开采通过破坏含水层结构和改变地下水的水动力条件,控制着水岩相互作用的类型和程度。从 2016 年到 2021 年,降水量、矿井水排放量以及 PSFFA 和 OKA 水位的时间序列呈现出多时间尺度特征。矿井水排放量与 PSFFA 和 OKA 的水位呈正相关,而重要时段的降水量与 PSFFA 的水位一致性不明显;矿井水排放量与 PSFFA 和 OKA 的水位呈负相关,而重要时段的降水量与 PSFFA 的水位一致性不明显。研究结果不仅为保护缺水矿区的地下水资源提供了深入的见解,而且促进了深部煤炭资源的安全开采。
{"title":"Effects of deep coal mining on groundwater hydrodynamic and hydrochemical processes in a multi-aquifer system: Insights from a long-term study of mining areas in ecologically fragile western China","authors":"Hao Zhan , Shouqiang Liu , Qiang Wu , Weitao Liu , Lihu Shi , Dong Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jconhyd.2024.104386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2024.104386","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The groundwater hydrodynamic and hydrochemical process of the multi-aquifer system will experience complicated and serious influence under deep coal mining disturbance. There is relatively little research that has integrated hydrodynamic and hydrochemical properties of groundwater to investigate the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics and evolution patterns of hydrogeochemistry and hydrodynamic information in deep multi-aquifer systems. The study of the groundwater hydrodynamic and hydrochemical spatiotemporal coupling response of multi-aquifer systems under the deep and special thick coal seam mining-motivated effect in ecologically fragile western mining areas is of great significance for the safe mining of coal resources and ecological environment protection. In this research, the hydrochemical analysis data composed of 218 groundwater samples from Tangjiahui coalfield, Northwest China with 1526 measurements and a 6-year (2016–2021) sampling period were collected for studying the hydrogeochemical spatiotemporal evolution process and governing mechanism of the multi-aquifer system using hierarchical cluster analysis, ion-ratio method, saturation index and multidimensional statistical analysis. Additionally, wavelet analysis and cross-wavelet coherence analysis were implemented to quantitatively recognize the spatiotemporal variation characteristics of hydrodynamic information and analyze the coherence relationships between time series. The results demonstrate that the hydrochemical characteristics exhibit significant spatial differences, while the temporal variation of hydrochemical characteristics in the Permian Shanxi Formation fractured sandstone aquifer (PSFFA), mine water (MW), and Ordovician karst limestone aquifer (OKA) is not significant. The water-rock interaction is the predominant control mechanism for the spatial evolution of hydrogeochemistry in the research area. Moreover, the large-scale mining of deep coal seams controls the type and degree of water-rock interactions by damaging the structure of aquifers and altering the hydrodynamic conditions of groundwater. The period from 2016 to 2021 exhibits multi-time scale characteristics in time series of precipitation, mine water discharge, and the water level of PSFFA and OKA. The mine water discharge has a positive correlation with the water level of PSFFA and OKA, whereas the significant period of precipitation and the water level of PSFFA coherence is not obvious. The research findings not only provide in-depth insights to protect the groundwater resources in water-shortage mining areas but also promote the secure mining of deep coal resources.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15530,"journal":{"name":"Journal of contaminant hydrology","volume":"265 ","pages":"Article 104386"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141438273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-15DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2024.104387
Xiaoming Song , Yingjun Li , Zhipeng Zhang , Yujuan Wen , Yunlong Wang
Steroid estrogens have posed significant ecological risks to aquatic organisms due to their potent endocrine-disrupting effects. The role of natural mineral colloids in facilitating the transport of hydrophobic organic pollutants in the environment has been confirmed, but the control mechanisms of colloids on 17α-Ethinylestradiol (EE2) migration in the subsurface environment are often still not well understood. This study combined the batch sorption equilibrium experiments and dynamic transport simulations to reveal the interface interactions and co-transport characteristics between illite colloids and EE2 at both macroscopic and microscopic levels. The existing form changes of EE2 and the influence of coexisting humic acid (HA) during transport in porous media were also specifically investigated. The batch experiments demonstrated that the primary mechanisms governing EE2 sorption onto illite colloids involved surface sorption and hydrogen bonding. The coexistence of HA could load onto the surface of illite colloids, thereby enhancing the colloidal sorption capacity for EE2. Transport experiments demonstrated that the migratory ability of EE2 in silty clay was limited, but illite colloids could significantly promote its penetration, with the peak penetration content (Ct/C0) increasing from 0.64 to 0.77. In the absence of HA, EE2 primarily transported in a dissolved form, accounting for 62.86% of the total concentrations. When HA concentrations were increased to 10 mg/L and 20 mg/L, the proportion of colloidal conjugate EE2 in the effluents reached 52.13% and 54.49%, respectively. The enhanced transport of EE2 by HA was primarily attributed to the improved migration ability of illite colloids and the increased proportion of illite-EE2 conjugate, resulting in a maximum Ct/C0 value of 0.94. The validity of these results was further confirmed by employing calculations based on the Derjaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek and Colloidal Filtration Theory. This study provides new insights of understanding the transport of EE2 in subsurface environment.
{"title":"Natural mineral colloids facilitated transport of EE2 in saturated porous media: Effects of humic acid and conjugate form","authors":"Xiaoming Song , Yingjun Li , Zhipeng Zhang , Yujuan Wen , Yunlong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jconhyd.2024.104387","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jconhyd.2024.104387","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Steroid estrogens have posed significant ecological risks to aquatic organisms due to their potent endocrine-disrupting effects. The role of natural mineral colloids in facilitating the transport of hydrophobic organic pollutants in the environment has been confirmed, but the control mechanisms of colloids on 17α-Ethinylestradiol (EE2) migration in the subsurface environment are often still not well understood. This study combined the batch sorption equilibrium experiments and dynamic transport simulations to reveal the interface interactions and co-transport characteristics between illite colloids and EE2 at both macroscopic and microscopic levels. The existing form changes of EE2 and the influence of coexisting humic acid (HA) during transport in porous media were also specifically investigated. The batch experiments demonstrated that the primary mechanisms governing EE2 sorption onto illite colloids involved surface sorption and hydrogen bonding. The coexistence of HA could load onto the surface of illite colloids, thereby enhancing the colloidal sorption capacity for EE2. Transport experiments demonstrated that the migratory ability of EE2 in silty clay was limited, but illite colloids could significantly promote its penetration, with the peak penetration content (<em>C</em><sub>t/</sub><em>C</em><sub>0</sub>) increasing from 0.64 to 0.77. In the absence of HA, EE2 primarily transported in a dissolved form, accounting for 62.86% of the total concentrations. When HA concentrations were increased to 10 mg/L and 20 mg/L, the proportion of colloidal conjugate EE2 in the effluents reached 52.13% and 54.49%, respectively. The enhanced transport of EE2 by HA was primarily attributed to the improved migration ability of illite colloids and the increased proportion of illite-EE2 conjugate, resulting in a maximum <em>C</em><sub>t/</sub><em>C</em><sub>0</sub> value of 0.94. The validity of these results was further confirmed by employing calculations based on the Derjaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek and Colloidal Filtration Theory. This study provides new insights of understanding the transport of EE2 in subsurface environment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15530,"journal":{"name":"Journal of contaminant hydrology","volume":"265 ","pages":"Article 104387"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141410034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-10DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2024.104384
Tufail Shah , Kang Zhao , Ai Chen , Atif Muhmood , Syed Atizaz Ali Shah , Muhammad Kashif Irshad , Yuji Arai , Jianying Shang
With increasing phosphate (P) entering the environment during agricultural application, the subsurface flow of particular P has been recently discussed as a vital P transport pathway. Iron (oxyhydr)oxide colloid-facilitated P transport is critical for iron and P biogeochemical processes in the subsurface. This study investigated the ferrihydrite colloid-facilitated P transport through adsorption and column experiments under different P concentrations and three pH conditions. Increased P loading on ferrihydrite colloids decreased the transport of ferrihydrite colloids (< 8.0%) under acid conditions through pore straining and irreversible attachment. Under neutral and alkaline conditions, ferrihydrite colloids exhibited more negative surfaces and smaller diameters with increasing P, which further enhanced ferrihydrite colloid transport (maximum to 95.6%). Ferrihydrite colloid-facilitated P transport was limited under acid conditions, and it was 10% - 57% enhancement under neutral and alkaline conditions with increasing P adsorption. Under neutral conditions, ferrihydrite colloid-facilitated P transport was strongest (maximum to 68.84%) because of its stronger ferrihydrite colloid transport than under acid conditions and larger P adsorption capacity than under alkaline conditions. Our findings indicate that the facilitated transport of ferrihydrite colloids in the presence of P may be appreciable in iron and phosphate-rich soil and subsurface systems, which is essential for evaluating the fate of iron and iron-facilitated P and potential environmental risks of P transport in the subsurface.
随着农业施肥过程中进入环境中的磷酸盐(P)越来越多,地表下特定 P 的流动最近被讨论为一种重要的 P 运输途径。铁(氧氢)氧化物胶体促进的磷迁移对地下的铁和磷生物地球化学过程至关重要。本研究在不同的 P 浓度和三种 pH 值条件下,通过吸附和柱实验研究了铁氧体胶体促进 P 的迁移。在酸性条件下,铁水泥土胶体(< 8.0%)通过孔隙应变和不可逆附着,增加铁水泥土胶体上的 P 负载,降低了铁水泥土胶体(< 8.0%)的传输能力。在中性和碱性条件下,随着 P 值的增加,无水铁胶体表现出更多的负表面和更小的直径,这进一步提高了无水铁胶体的迁移率(最高达 95.6%)。在酸性条件下,铁酸盐胶体促进的钾迁移受到限制,而在中性和碱性条件下,随着钾吸附量的增加,铁酸盐胶体的钾迁移增强了 10%-57%。在中性条件下,由于铁水泥土胶体比酸性条件下的铁水泥土胶体迁移能力更强,且比碱性条件下的铁水泥土胶体对 P 的吸附能力更大,因此铁水泥土胶体对 P 的迁移促进作用最强(最大可达 68.84%)。我们的研究结果表明,在富含铁和磷酸盐的土壤和地下系统中,铁酸盐胶体在P存在下的促进迁移作用可能是显著的,这对于评估铁和铁促进的P的归宿以及P在地下迁移的潜在环境风险至关重要。
{"title":"Facilitated transport of ferrihydrite with phosphate under saturated flow conditions","authors":"Tufail Shah , Kang Zhao , Ai Chen , Atif Muhmood , Syed Atizaz Ali Shah , Muhammad Kashif Irshad , Yuji Arai , Jianying Shang","doi":"10.1016/j.jconhyd.2024.104384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2024.104384","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>With increasing phosphate (P) entering the environment during agricultural application, the subsurface flow of particular P has been recently discussed as a vital P transport pathway. Iron (oxyhydr)oxide colloid-facilitated P transport is critical for iron and P biogeochemical processes in the subsurface. This study investigated the ferrihydrite colloid-facilitated P transport through adsorption and column experiments under different P concentrations and three pH conditions. Increased P loading on ferrihydrite colloids decreased the transport of ferrihydrite colloids (< 8.0%) under acid conditions through pore straining and irreversible attachment. Under neutral and alkaline conditions, ferrihydrite colloids exhibited more negative surfaces and smaller diameters with increasing P, which further enhanced ferrihydrite colloid transport (maximum to 95.6%). Ferrihydrite colloid-facilitated P transport was limited under acid conditions, and it was 10% - 57% enhancement under neutral and alkaline conditions with increasing P adsorption. Under neutral conditions, ferrihydrite colloid-facilitated P transport was strongest (maximum to 68.84%) because of its stronger ferrihydrite colloid transport than under acid conditions and larger P adsorption capacity than under alkaline conditions. Our findings indicate that the facilitated transport of ferrihydrite colloids in the presence of P may be appreciable in iron and phosphate-rich soil and subsurface systems, which is essential for evaluating the fate of iron and iron-facilitated P and potential environmental risks of P transport in the subsurface.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15530,"journal":{"name":"Journal of contaminant hydrology","volume":"265 ","pages":"Article 104384"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141329030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-10DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2024.104385
Mahboubeh Khorsandi , Parisa-Sadat Ashofteh , Vijay P. Singh
This study aims to develop a multi-objective quantitative-qualitative reservoir operation model (MOQQROM) by a simulation-optimization approach. However, the main challenge of these models is their computational complexity. The simulation-optimization method used in this study consists of CE-QUAL-W2 as a hydrodynamic and water quality simulation model and a multi-objective firefly algorithm-k nearest neighbor (MOFA-KNN) as an optimization algorithm which is an efficient algorithm to overcome the computational burden in simulation-optimization approaches by decreasing simulation model calls. MOFA-KNN was expanded for this study, and its performance was evaluated in the MOQQROM. Three objectives were considered in this study, including (1) the sum of the squared mass of total dissolved solids (TDS), (2) the sum of the squared temperature difference between reservoir inflow and outflow as water quality objectives, and (3) the vulnerability index as a water quantity objective. Aidoghmoush reservoir was employed as a case study, and the model was investigated under three scenarios, including the normal, wet, and dry years. Results showed the expanded MOFA-KNN reduced the number of original simulation model calls compared to the total number of simulations in MOQQROM by more than 99%, indicating its efficacy in significantly reducing execution time. The three most desired operating policies for meeting each objective were selected for investigation. Results showed that the operation policy with the best value for the second objective could be chosen as a compromise policy to balance the two conflicting goals of improving quality and supplying the demand in normal and wet scenarios. In terms of contamination mass, this policy was, on average, 16% worse than the first policy and 40% better than the third policy in the normal scenario. In the wet scenario, it was, on average, 55% worse than the first policy and 16% better than the third policy. The outflow temperature of this policy was, on average, only 8.35% different from the inflow temperature in the normal scenario and 0.93% different in the wet scenario. The performance of the developed model is satisfactory.
{"title":"Development of a multi-objective reservoir operation model for water quality-quantity management","authors":"Mahboubeh Khorsandi , Parisa-Sadat Ashofteh , Vijay P. Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.jconhyd.2024.104385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2024.104385","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study aims to develop a multi-objective quantitative-qualitative reservoir operation model (MOQQROM) by a simulation-optimization approach. However, the main challenge of these models is their computational complexity. The simulation-optimization method used in this study consists of CE-QUAL-W2 as a hydrodynamic and water quality simulation model and a multi-objective firefly algorithm-k nearest neighbor (MOFA-KNN) as an optimization algorithm which is an efficient algorithm to overcome the computational burden in simulation-optimization approaches by decreasing simulation model calls. MOFA-KNN was expanded for this study, and its performance was evaluated in the MOQQROM. Three objectives were considered in this study, including (1) the sum of the squared mass of total dissolved solids (TDS), (2) the sum of the squared temperature difference between reservoir inflow and outflow as water quality objectives, and (3) the vulnerability index as a water quantity objective. Aidoghmoush reservoir was employed as a case study, and the model was investigated under three scenarios, including the normal, wet, and dry years. Results showed the expanded MOFA-KNN reduced the number of original simulation model calls compared to the total number of simulations in MOQQROM by more than 99%, indicating its efficacy in significantly reducing execution time. The three most desired operating policies for meeting each objective were selected for investigation. Results showed that the operation policy with the best value for the second objective could be chosen as a compromise policy to balance the two conflicting goals of improving quality and supplying the demand in normal and wet scenarios. In terms of contamination mass, this policy was, on average, 16% worse than the first policy and 40% better than the third policy in the normal scenario. In the wet scenario, it was, on average, 55% worse than the first policy and 16% better than the third policy. The outflow temperature of this policy was, on average, only 8.35% different from the inflow temperature in the normal scenario and 0.93% different in the wet scenario. The performance of the developed model is satisfactory.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15530,"journal":{"name":"Journal of contaminant hydrology","volume":"265 ","pages":"Article 104385"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141325928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Experiments on fluid flow in porous media, using fluids loaded with solids of various grain sizes, have been conducted in a modified Hele-Shaw setup. This setup utilised weakly cemented porous media with specific hydraulic and mechanical properties. Fluid injection in coarse granular media with clean or low-concentration fine particles, results in infiltration only, with pressure close to the material tensile strength, while injection in finer granular material causes damage alongside infiltration, with the fluid pressure still close to the material tensile strength. When larger particle sizes or higher particle concentrations are used in the mixture, the fluid travels further within the porous medium, primarily influenced by the grain size of the granular medium. In the latter case, the Darcy flow equation with an effective permeability term can be employed to determine the pressure differential. For the largest particle sizes included in the fluid, the equation is still applicable, but the effective permeability requires adjustment for particle size within the fluid rather than the granular medium. This is crucial when the injection point is locally clogged. The experiments show that fracturing conditions are controlled by different mechanisms. Dimensional and statistical analysis was used to classify the injection pressures to regimes predicted by fracturing theory or by Darcy law with modified effective permeabilities. The findings show that both the material properties and fluid composition are important designing parameters.
{"title":"Effects of fluid composition in fluid injection experiments in porous media","authors":"Charalampos Konstantinou , Hassan Farooq , Giovanna Biscontin , Panos Papanastasiou","doi":"10.1016/j.jconhyd.2024.104383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2024.104383","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Experiments on fluid flow in porous media, using fluids loaded with solids of various grain sizes, have been conducted in a modified Hele-Shaw setup. This setup utilised weakly cemented porous media with specific hydraulic and mechanical properties. Fluid injection in coarse granular media with clean or low-concentration fine particles, results in infiltration only, with pressure close to the material tensile strength, while injection in finer granular material causes damage alongside infiltration, with the fluid pressure still close to the material tensile strength. When larger particle sizes or higher particle concentrations are used in the mixture, the fluid travels further within the porous medium, primarily influenced by the grain size of the granular medium. In the latter case, the Darcy flow equation with an effective permeability term can be employed to determine the pressure differential. For the largest particle sizes included in the fluid, the equation is still applicable, but the effective permeability requires adjustment for particle size within the fluid rather than the granular medium. This is crucial when the injection point is locally clogged. The experiments show that fracturing conditions are controlled by different mechanisms. Dimensional and statistical analysis was used to classify the injection pressures to regimes predicted by fracturing theory or by Darcy law with modified effective permeabilities. The findings show that both the material properties and fluid composition are important designing parameters.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15530,"journal":{"name":"Journal of contaminant hydrology","volume":"265 ","pages":"Article 104383"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141308442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-04DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2024.104380
Nayab Batool Rizvi , Adnan Sarwar , Saba Waheed , Zeenat Fatima Iqbal , Muhammad Imran , Ayesha Javaid , Tak H. Kim , Muhammad Shahzeb Khan
Due to rapid urbanization, there have been continuous environmental threats from different pollutants, especially from microplastics. Plastic products rapidly proliferate significantly contributing to the occurrence of micro-plastics, which poses a significant environmental risk. These microplastics originated from diverse sources and are characterized by their persistent and widespread occurrence; human health and the entire ecosystem are adversely affected by them. The removal of microplastics not only requires innovative technologies but also efficient materials capable of effectively eliminating them from our environment. The progress made so far has highlighted the advantages of utilizing the dimensional and structural properties of nanomaterials to increase the effectiveness of existing methods for micro-plastic treatment, aiming for a more sustainable approach to their removal. In the current review, we demonstrate a thorough overview of the sources, occurrences, and potential harmful effects of microplastics, followed by a further discussion of promising technologies used for their removal. An in-depth examination of both advantages and a few limitations of all these given technologies, including physical, chemical, and biological approaches, has been discussed. Additionally, the review explores the use of nanomaterials as an effective means to overcome obstacles and improve the efficiency of microplastic elimination methods. n conclusion, this review addresses, current challenges in this field and outlines the future perspectives for further research in this domain.
{"title":"Nano-based remediation strategies for micro and nanoplastic pollution","authors":"Nayab Batool Rizvi , Adnan Sarwar , Saba Waheed , Zeenat Fatima Iqbal , Muhammad Imran , Ayesha Javaid , Tak H. Kim , Muhammad Shahzeb Khan","doi":"10.1016/j.jconhyd.2024.104380","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jconhyd.2024.104380","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Due to rapid urbanization, there have been continuous environmental threats from different pollutants, especially from microplastics. Plastic products rapidly proliferate significantly contributing to the occurrence of micro-plastics, which poses a significant environmental risk. These microplastics originated from diverse sources and are characterized by their persistent and widespread occurrence; human health and the entire ecosystem are adversely affected by them. The removal of microplastics not only requires innovative technologies but also efficient materials capable of effectively eliminating them from our environment. The progress made so far has highlighted the advantages of utilizing the dimensional and structural properties of nanomaterials to increase the effectiveness of existing methods for micro-plastic treatment, aiming for a more sustainable approach to their removal. In the current review, we demonstrate a thorough overview of the sources, occurrences, and potential harmful effects of microplastics, followed by a further discussion of promising technologies used for their removal. An in-depth examination of both advantages and a few limitations of all these given technologies, including physical, chemical, and biological approaches, has been discussed. Additionally, the review explores the use of nanomaterials as an effective means to overcome obstacles and improve the efficiency of microplastic elimination methods. n conclusion, this review addresses, current challenges in this field and outlines the future perspectives for further research in this domain.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15530,"journal":{"name":"Journal of contaminant hydrology","volume":"265 ","pages":"Article 104380"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141278021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-04DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2024.104382
John F. Stults , Charles E. Schaefer , Yida Fang , Julie Devon , Dung Nguyen , Isreq Real , Shilai Hao , Jennifer L. Guelfo
Some Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are strongly retained in the vadose zone due to their sorption to both soils and air-water interfaces. While significant research has been dedicated to understanding equilibrium behavior for these multi-phase retention processes, leaching and desorption from aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) impacted soils under field relevant conditions can exhibit significant deviations from equilibrium. Herein, laboratory column studies using field collected AFFF-impacted soils were employed to examine the leaching of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) under simulated rainfall conditions. The HYDRUS 1-D model was calibrated to estimate the unsaturated hydraulic properties of the soil in a layered system using multiple boundary condtions. Forward simulations of equilibrium PFAS partitioning using the HYDRUS model and simplified mass balance calculations showed good agreement with the net PFAS mass flux out of the column. However, neither were able to predict the PFAS concentrations in the leached porewater. To better understand the mechanisms controlling the leaching behavior, the HYDRUS 1-D two-site leaching model incorporating solid phase rate limitation and equilibrium air-water interfacial partitioning was employed. Three variations of the novel model incorporating different forms of equilibrium air-water interfacial partitioning were considered using built-in numerical inversion. Results of numerical inversion show that a combination of air-water interfacial collapse and rate-limited desorption from soils can better predict the unique leaching behavior exhibited by PFAAs in AFFF-impacted soils. A sensitivity analysis of the initial conditions and rate-limited desorption terms was conducted to assess the agreement of the model with measured data. The models demonstrated herein show that, under some circumstances, laboratory equilibrium partitioning data can provide a reasonable estimation of total mass leaching, but fail to account for the significant rate-limited, non-Fickian transport which affect PFAA leaching to groundwater in unsaturated soils.
{"title":"Air-water interfacial collapse and rate-limited solid desorption control Perfluoroalkyl acid leaching from the vadose zone","authors":"John F. Stults , Charles E. Schaefer , Yida Fang , Julie Devon , Dung Nguyen , Isreq Real , Shilai Hao , Jennifer L. Guelfo","doi":"10.1016/j.jconhyd.2024.104382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2024.104382","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Some <em>Per</em>- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are strongly retained in the vadose zone due to their sorption to both soils and air-water interfaces. While significant research has been dedicated to understanding equilibrium behavior for these multi-phase retention processes, leaching and desorption from aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) impacted soils under field relevant conditions can exhibit significant deviations from equilibrium. Herein, laboratory column studies using field collected AFFF-impacted soils were employed to examine the leaching of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) under simulated rainfall conditions. The HYDRUS 1-D model was calibrated to estimate the unsaturated hydraulic properties of the soil in a layered system using multiple boundary condtions. Forward simulations of equilibrium PFAS partitioning using the HYDRUS model and simplified mass balance calculations showed good agreement with the net PFAS mass flux out of the column. However, neither were able to predict the PFAS concentrations in the leached porewater. To better understand the mechanisms controlling the leaching behavior, the HYDRUS 1-D two-site leaching model incorporating solid phase rate limitation and equilibrium air-water interfacial partitioning was employed. Three variations of the novel model incorporating different forms of equilibrium air-water interfacial partitioning were considered using built-in numerical inversion. Results of numerical inversion show that a combination of air-water interfacial collapse and rate-limited desorption from soils can better predict the unique leaching behavior exhibited by PFAAs in AFFF-impacted soils. A sensitivity analysis of the initial conditions and rate-limited desorption terms was conducted to assess the agreement of the model with measured data. The models demonstrated herein show that, under some circumstances, laboratory equilibrium partitioning data can provide a reasonable estimation of total mass leaching, but fail to account for the significant rate-limited, non-Fickian transport which affect PFAA leaching to groundwater in unsaturated soils.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15530,"journal":{"name":"Journal of contaminant hydrology","volume":"265 ","pages":"Article 104382"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141298048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-03DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2024.104379
Tasrina Rabia Choudhury , Syed Riad , Foyez Jalal Uddin , M.A. Maksud , M. Abbas Alam , A.M. Sarwaruddin Chowdhury , Al-Nure Mubin , Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul Islam , Guilherme Malafaia
During the past decades, microplastics (MPs) have become an emerging concern due to their persistence and potential environmental threat. MP pollution has become so drastic that it has been found in the human food chain, breast milk, polar regions, and even the Himalayan basin, lake, etc. Inflammation, pulmonary hypertension, vascular occlusions, increased coagulability and blood cell cytotoxicity, disruption of immune function, neurotoxicity, and neurodegenerative diseases can all be brought on by severe microplastic exposure. Although many MPs studies have been performed on single environmental compartments, MPs in multi-environmental compartments have yet to be explored fully. This review aims to summarize the muti-environmental media, detection tools, and global management scenarios of MPs. The study revealed that MPs could significantly alter C flow through the soil-plant system, the structure and metabolic status of the microbial community, soil pH value, biomass of plant shoots and roots, chlorophyll, leaf C and N contents, and root N contents. This review reveals that MPs may negatively affect many C-dependent soil functions. Different methods have been developed to detect the MPs from these various environmental sources, including microscopic observation, density separation, Raman, and FT-IR analysis. Several articles have focused on MPs in individual environmental sources with a developed evaluation technique. This review revealed the extensive impacts of MPs on soil-plant systems, microbial communities, and soil functions, especially on water, suggesting possible disturbances to vital ecological processes. Furthermore, the broad range of detection methods explored emphasizes the significance of reliable analytical techniques in precisely evaluating levels of MP contamination in various environmental media. This paper critically discusses MPs' sources, occurrences, and global management scenarios in all possible environmental media and ecological health impacts. Future research opportunities and required sustainable strategies have also been suggested from Bangladesh and international perspectives based on challenges faced due to MP's pollution.
在过去的几十年里,微塑料(MPs)因其持久性和潜在的环境威胁而成为一个新的关注点。微塑料污染已变得如此严重,以至于在人类食物链、母乳、极地地区,甚至喜马拉雅山盆地、湖泊等地都发现了微塑料。严重的微塑料暴露可导致炎症、肺动脉高压、血管闭塞、凝血能力和血细胞毒性增强、免疫功能紊乱、神经毒性和神经退行性疾病。虽然许多 MPs 研究都是针对单一环境区划进行的,但对多环境区划中的 MPs 还没有进行充分的探讨。本综述旨在总结MPs的多环境介质、检测工具和全球管理方案。研究发现,MPs 可显著改变土壤-植物系统中的碳流量、微生物群落的结构和代谢状态、土壤 pH 值、植物嫩枝和根系的生物量、叶绿素、叶片 C 和 N 含量以及根系 N 含量。本综述揭示了多溴联苯醚可能对许多依赖于碳的土壤功能产生负面影响。人们开发了不同的方法来检测这些不同环境来源的 MPs,包括显微镜观察、密度分离、拉曼和傅立叶变换红外分析。有几篇文章利用开发的评估技术重点研究了个别环境来源中的 MPs。这篇综述揭示了多溴联苯醚对土壤-植物系统、微生物群落和土壤功能的广泛影响,尤其是对水的影响,表明可能会干扰重要的生态过程。此外,本文还探讨了多种检测方法,强调了可靠的分析技术在精确评估各种环境介质中 MP 污染水平方面的重要性。本文批判性地讨论了 MPs 在所有可能的环境介质中的来源、发生率和全球管理方案以及对生态健康的影响。还根据 MP 污染所面临的挑战,从孟加拉国和国际角度提出了未来的研究机会和所需的可持续战略。
{"title":"Microplastics in multi-environmental compartments: Research advances, media, and global management scenarios","authors":"Tasrina Rabia Choudhury , Syed Riad , Foyez Jalal Uddin , M.A. Maksud , M. Abbas Alam , A.M. Sarwaruddin Chowdhury , Al-Nure Mubin , Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul Islam , Guilherme Malafaia","doi":"10.1016/j.jconhyd.2024.104379","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jconhyd.2024.104379","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>During the past decades, microplastics (MPs) have become an emerging concern due to their persistence and potential environmental threat. MP pollution has become so drastic that it has been found in the human food chain, breast milk, polar regions, and even the Himalayan basin, lake, etc. Inflammation, pulmonary hypertension, vascular occlusions, increased coagulability and blood cell cytotoxicity, disruption of immune function, neurotoxicity, and neurodegenerative diseases can all be brought on by severe microplastic exposure. Although many MPs studies have been performed on single environmental compartments, MPs in multi-environmental compartments have yet to be explored fully. This review aims to summarize the muti-environmental media, detection tools, and global management scenarios of MPs. The study revealed that MPs could significantly alter C flow through the soil-plant system, the structure and metabolic status of the microbial community, soil pH value, biomass of plant shoots and roots, chlorophyll, leaf C and N contents, and root N contents. This review reveals that MPs may negatively affect many C-dependent soil functions. Different methods have been developed to detect the MPs from these various environmental sources, including microscopic observation, density separation, Raman, and FT-IR analysis. Several articles have focused on MPs in individual environmental sources with a developed evaluation technique. This review revealed the extensive impacts of MPs on soil-plant systems, microbial communities, and soil functions, especially on water, suggesting possible disturbances to vital ecological processes. Furthermore, the broad range of detection methods explored emphasizes the significance of reliable analytical techniques in precisely evaluating levels of MP contamination in various environmental media. This paper critically discusses MPs' sources, occurrences, and global management scenarios in all possible environmental media and ecological health impacts. Future research opportunities and required sustainable strategies have also been suggested from Bangladesh and international perspectives based on challenges faced due to MP's pollution.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15530,"journal":{"name":"Journal of contaminant hydrology","volume":"265 ","pages":"Article 104379"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141277650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}