Journal of contaminant hydrology最新文献_第8页

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Impact of municipal and industrial wastewater on river catchment water quality 多环芳烃：城市和工业废水对流域水质的影响

IF 4.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Journal of contaminant hydrology

Pub Date : 2025-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2025.104781

Dominika Matuszewska , Edyta Kiedrzyńska , Marcin Kiedrzyński , Maciej Zalewski

Due to the environmental threat posed by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), these compounds are included on the priority substance lists of both the U.S. EPA and the European Union. Monitoring their sources is therefore crucial for protecting aquatic ecosystems.

This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the PAH content of municipal and industrial wastewater and its transport and distribution along the Pilica River continuum, the largest left-bank tributary of the Vistula River. The highest PAH loads to the Pilica River were discharged by class IV municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs); this was related to the volume of WWTP outflow, and the composition of treated wastewater, which was dominated by phenanthrene (PHE), pyrene (PYR) and naphthalene (NAP). Among industrial sources, the fruit and vegetable processing sector contributed the most PAHs, while the furniture sector showed the greatest variation in PAH composition.

Despite the large PAH loads carried along the Pilica river continuum, none of the identified concentrations in the tested samples exceeded the standards contained in Directive 2013/39/EU of the European Parliament and Council. Furthermore, among all sample types, the emission of PAH loads peaked in the autumn-winter period; the samples also demonstrated common correlation patterns, indicating common sources and similar environmental properties.

A key innovation of the study is its holistic approach, i.e. it treats the entire river basin as a unified research system. This perspective enables better understanding of PAH transport, retention, and degradation processes, which are essential for assessing ecological risk and developing effective pollution management strategies.

由于多环芳烃（PAHs）对环境造成的威胁，这些化合物被列入美国环保署和欧盟的优先物质清单。因此，监测其来源对保护水生生态系统至关重要。本研究综合分析了维斯瓦河最大的左岸支流皮利卡河连续体中市政和工业废水的多环芳烃含量及其运输和分布。IV类城市污水处理厂（WWTPs）向皮利卡河排放的多环芳烃负荷最高；这与污水处理量、处理后的废水组成（以菲（PHE）、芘（PYR）和萘（NAP）为主）有关。在工业来源中，水果和蔬菜加工部门贡献了最多的多环芳烃，而家具部门的多环芳烃成分变化最大。尽管沿着皮利卡河连续体携带了大量的多环芳烃，但测试样品中确定的浓度均未超过欧洲议会和理事会指令2013/39/EU中规定的标准。此外，在所有样品类型中，多环芳烃负荷的排放在秋冬季达到峰值；样品还显示出共同的相关模式，表明共同的来源和相似的环境特性。该研究的一大创新之处在于其整体性研究方法，即将整个流域作为一个统一的研究系统。这一观点有助于更好地理解多环芳烃的运输、保留和降解过程，这对于评估生态风险和制定有效的污染管理策略至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Assessment of the Korang River's water via ecological risk indices and source apportionment procedures for heavy metals contamination, and evaluation of cancer/non-cancer risks 通过生态风险指数和重金属污染来源分配程序对可朗江水进行评估，并评估癌症/非癌症风险

IF 4.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Journal of contaminant hydrology

Pub Date : 2025-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2025.104780

Fazal Manan , Shujaul Mulk Khan , Irum Asif , Nazir Mohammad , Zeeshan Ahmad , Fatima M. Abbas , Mohamed Hashem

The Korang River is a significant water source, supporting varied aquatic ecosystems, and is vital for regional water supply and ecological balance. This study was conducted to assess the Korang River heavy metals (HMs) contamination, cancer and non-cancer risks, through health risk indices, and source apportionment. Eighty-three (83) surface water samples were analyzed via Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS) for HMs concentration. The study sites are classified into three contamination zones through cluster analysis (CA) and self-organizing maps (SOM). In zone I, Ni (0.054 mg/L) exceeded the WHO permissible limit and is slightly contaminated. Zone II showed more contamination, with Fe (14.3 mg/L), Ni (0.136 mg/L), Cr (0.14 mg/L), and Cd (0.0123 mg/L) exceeding WHO permissible limits. Zone III was moderately contaminated, as Fe (4.98 mg/L) and Ni (0.063 mg/L) concentrations exceeded the permissible limits, and are less contaminated. The Hazard Index (HI) and Cancer Risks (CR) of Cr, Cd, and Ni were above the threshold level, showing both cancer and non-cancer health risks in adults and children. Through the Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) model, four major sources of HMs were identified. These sources are industrial effluents (30.2 %), household waste (25.2 %), traffic emissions (24.4 %), and geological weathering (20.2 %). These findings highlight the urgent need for effective management of industrial effluents, traffic emissions, and household waste through solid measures. Although this study is site-specific, the approach can be applied in other areas having similar industrial and urban setup for better contamination management.

Korang河是一个重要的水源，支持着各种水生生态系统，对区域供水和生态平衡至关重要。本研究通过健康风险指数和来源分析，对可朗江重金属污染、致癌风险和非致癌风险进行了评估。采用原子吸收光谱仪（AAS）对83份地表水样品进行了HMs浓度分析。通过聚类分析（CA）和自组织图（SOM）将研究地点划分为三个污染区。在I区，镍（0.054 mg/L）超过世界卫生组织允许限值，受到轻微污染。II区污染更严重，铁（14.3 mg/L）、镍（0.136 mg/L）、铬（0.14 mg/L）和镉（0.0123 mg/L）超过WHO允许限量。III区为中度污染，Fe （4.98 mg/L）和Ni （0.063 mg/L）浓度超标，污染程度较轻。铬、镉和镍的危害指数（HI）和致癌风险（CR）均高于阈值水平，显示成人和儿童的癌症和非癌症健康风险。通过正矩阵分解（PMF）模型，确定了四种主要的HMs来源。这些来源是工业废水（30.2%）、生活垃圾（25.2%）、交通排放（24.4%）和地质风化（20.2%）。这些发现突出表明，迫切需要通过切实措施对工业废水、交通排放和家庭废物进行有效管理。虽然这项研究是具体地点的，但该方法可以应用于具有类似工业和城市设置的其他地区，以更好地管理污染。

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引用次数: 0

Assessing performance of atenolol removal from contaminated water using zero-valent iron impregnated apricot stone biochar 零价铁浸渍杏核生物炭去除污染水中阿替洛尔的性能评价。

IF 4.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Journal of contaminant hydrology

Pub Date : 2025-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2025.104777

Milan Z. Momčilović , Danijela Bojić , Aleksandra Nešić , Slađana Meseldžija , Shuai Chen , Hao Dong , Aleksandar Lj. Bojić

This study investigates the performance of zero-valent iron (ZVI) impregnated apricot stone-derived biochar (ZVI/ASB) for the removal of atenolol (ATL), a widely detected pharmaceutical pollutant, from contaminated water. The biochar was synthesized at pyrolysis temperatures of 800, 900, and 1000 °C, with ZVI/ASB-800 exhibiting the highest sorption capacity due to its superior textural properties, including a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area of 1162 m²/g and a well-developed porous structure. Characterization techniques such as X-Ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed the successful incorporation of ZVI and the material's enhanced physicochemical properties. Batch sorption experiments evaluated the effects of pH, sorbent dosage, stirring speed, and initial ATL concentration, with optimal conditions identified at pH 9, a dosage of 0.75 g/L, and a stirring speed of 250 rpm. The sorption process followed the Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo-second-order kinetics. The maximum experimental sorption capacity reached 129 mg/g, demonstrating competitive performance compared to commercial sorbents. Reusability tests showed a retention of 73.2 % removal efficiency after five cycles, highlighting the material's considerable stability. These findings underscore the potential of ZVI/ASB-800 as a cost-effective and sustainable sorbent for pharmaceutical pollutant removal, leveraging agricultural waste for environmental remediation.

研究了零价铁（ZVI）浸渍杏核衍生生物炭（ZVI/ASB）去除水中广泛存在的药物污染物阿替洛尔（ATL）的性能。在800、900和1000℃的热解温度下合成了生物炭，其中ZVI/ASB-800由于其优异的结构性能，包括1162 m2/g的brunauer - emmet - teller （BET）表面积和发育良好的多孔结构，表现出最高的吸附能力。表征技术，如x射线衍射（XRD）分析，傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）证实了ZVI的成功掺入和材料的物理化学性能的增强。批量吸附实验考察了pH、吸附剂用量、搅拌速度和ATL初始浓度对吸附效果的影响，确定了pH为9、吸附剂用量为0.75 g/L、搅拌速度为250 rpm时的最佳吸附条件。吸附过程符合Langmuir等温模型和拟二级动力学。实验最大吸附量达到129 mg/g，与商业吸附剂相比具有竞争力。可重用性测试表明，经过5次循环后，去除率保持在73.2%，突出了材料的相当稳定性。这些发现强调了ZVI/ASB-800作为一种具有成本效益和可持续的药物污染物去除吸附剂的潜力，利用农业废物进行环境修复。

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引用次数: 0

Dynamic simulation of fluoride leakage from power plant ash disposal sites and contamination risk to karst aquifers in semi-arid regions 半干旱区电厂灰场氟泄漏及喀斯特含水层污染风险动态模拟

IF 4.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Journal of contaminant hydrology

Pub Date : 2025-11-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2025.104775

Qing Wang , Yu Wang , Ruirui An

This study assesses the risk of fluoride contamination to karst aquifers from coal-fired power plant ash disposal sites in semi-arid regions, using Shanxi Province, China, as a case study. These vital water sources face increasing pressures from reduced recharge and elevated pollutant loads. Fluoride leaching from ash poses a particular threat; however, the coupled dynamics of the vadose zone and aquifer in such settings remain inadequately studied. To address this, we integrated HYDRUS-1D and MODFLOW to simulate fluoride transport and its spatiotemporal distribution. Simulations show that with an intact impermeable layer, fluoride migration is limited to a depth of 20 cm over 30 years. Once the layer is breached, fluoride reaches the deep K₁ sandstone aquifer after 55 years, with concentrations peaking at 1.57 × 10⁻⁴ mg·L⁻¹ after 60 years—three orders of magnitude below China's Class III groundwater standard (GB/T 14848–2017). Natural attenuation confines the plume within 300 m. This modeling framework confirms the natural barrier effect of the vadose zone, supports karst groundwater protection, and offers guidance for environmental management in the coal power industry, thereby supporting China's “Dual Carbon” strategy. This study provides a robust framework for risk assessment, while future work incorporating adsorption processes and fracture networks could further enhance predictive accuracy.

本研究以山西省半干旱区燃煤电厂灰场对喀斯特含水层的氟污染风险进行了评估。这些重要的水源面临着来自补给减少和污染物负荷增加的越来越大的压力。从灰烬中浸出的氟化物构成了特别的威胁；然而，在这种环境下，渗流带和含水层的耦合动力学研究仍然不够充分。为了解决这一问题，我们将HYDRUS-1D和MODFLOW集成在一起，模拟氟化物的迁移及其时空分布。模拟表明，在完整的不透水层中，氟在30年内的迁移深度被限制在20厘米。一旦突破，氟化物在55年后到达K1砂岩含水层深层，60年后浓度达到1.57 × 10−4 mg·L−1的峰值，比中国III类地下水标准（GB/T 14848-2017）低3个数量级。自然衰减将烟羽限制在300米以内。该模型框架确认了气包带的天然屏障效应，支持了岩溶地下水的保护，为煤电行业的环境管理提供了指导，从而支持了中国的“双碳”战略。该研究为风险评估提供了强有力的框架，而未来的工作将吸附过程和裂缝网络结合起来，可以进一步提高预测的准确性。

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引用次数: 0

Managing coastal aquifer salinity risks: Strategies for balance, recharge, and crop adaptation 管理沿海含水层盐度风险：平衡、补给和作物适应策略

IF 4.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Journal of contaminant hydrology

Pub Date : 2025-11-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2025.104776

Alireza Motevalli , Hamid Reza Moradi , Hossein Hashemi , Saman Javadi , Ronny Berndtsson

The aim of this study was to assess aquifer salinity risk by identifying high-risk land-use zones and proposing a new paradigm for groundwater resource management under salinization pressure. Salinity risk modeling was conducted with consideration of land-use patterns and agricultural production in the study region. The results revealed that approximately 26% of the aquifer lies within high-risk salinity zones. To mitigate this risk, three management strategies were evaluated: water balancing, crop pattern adaptation, and aquifer recharge. Implementation of these strategies reduced the extent of high and very high salinity risk areas by 6%, 9%, and 12.5%, respectively. Similarly, the maximum intensity of salinity risk decreased by 13%, 35%, and 52%, while the average intensity declined by 9%, 14%, and 55% under the balancing, adaptation, and recharge scenarios, respectively. These findings demonstrate that integrated groundwater management approaches, particularly recharge enhancement, can substantially reduce salinity risk and improve the resilience of coastal aquifers.

本研究的目的是通过确定高风险土地利用区来评估含水层盐度风险，并提出盐渍化压力下地下水资源管理的新模式。考虑研究区土地利用模式和农业生产，建立了盐碱风险模型。结果显示，大约26%的含水层位于高盐度区域。为了降低这种风险，研究人员评估了三种管理策略：水分平衡、作物模式适应和含水层补给。实施这些策略后，高盐度和极高盐度风险区域的面积分别减少了6%、9%和12.5%。在平衡、适应和补给情景下，最大盐度风险强度分别下降了13%、35%和52%，平均盐度风险强度分别下降了9%、14%和55%。这些发现表明，地下水综合管理方法，特别是加强补给，可以大大降低盐度风险，提高沿海含水层的恢复能力。

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引用次数: 0

Redox-mediated Fe-P coupling modulates phosphorus releasing in paddy soils: Hydrological controls under water-saving irrigation 氧化还原介导的铁磷耦合调节水稻土中磷的释放：节水灌溉条件下的水文控制

IF 4.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Journal of contaminant hydrology

Pub Date : 2025-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2025.104774

Yun Li , Minghong Chen , Xuanye Liu , Zailin Huo

Agricultural non-point phosphorus (P) pollution from paddy fields threatens aquatic ecosystems. This study quantified the effects of irrigation practices on vertical P distribution and transport in paddy soils using high-resolution in situ monitoring. Rice was cultivated in the Heping Irrigation District under three regimes: controlled irrigation (CI), alternate wetting and drying (AWD), and conventional flooding (CF). Rhizosphere-scale dissolved oxygen (DO), iron (Fe), and P distributions were characterized using Unisense microelectrodes, DGT, and HR-Peeper devices. Results demonstrated that aerobic layer thickness and DO at the soil-water interface (SWI) followed CI > AWD > CF, whereas porewater Fe²⁺ and PO₄³⁻ exhibited the reverse trend (CI < AWD < CF). CI reduced PO₄³⁻ flux to overlying water by 8.3–58.5 % versus CF during drainage periods, due to its enhanced P adsorption capacity (K_d + 22.8 %) and sustained resupply ability (R + 0.9 % and T_c + 71.4 %). This demonstrates that irrigation-driven redox control regulates Fe-P coupling to minimize P mobility. Water-saving irrigation adoption must prioritize redox optimization to mitigate P release while conserving water.

水田农业非点状磷污染对水生生态系统构成威胁。本研究采用高分辨率原位监测方法量化了灌溉方式对水稻土中磷垂直分布和运移的影响。在和平灌区采用控制灌溉（CI）、干湿交替（AWD）和常规淹水（CF）三种灌溉方式种植水稻。采用Unisense微电极、DGT和HR-Peeper装置对根际尺度溶解氧（DO）、铁（Fe）和磷的分布进行了表征。结果表明，土壤-水界面（SWI）的好氧层厚度和DO遵循CI <； AWD >； CF，而孔隙水Fe2+和po_4 3 -则呈现相反的趋势（CI < AWD <； CF）。与CF相比，CI在排水期间降低了8.3 - 58.5%的PO₄3−通量，这是由于其增强的P吸附能力（Kd + 22.8%）和持续的再补给能力（R + 0.9%和Tc + 71.4%）。这表明，灌溉驱动的氧化还原控制调节铁磷耦合，以减少磷的迁移。节水灌溉必须优先考虑氧化还原优化，以减少磷的释放，同时节约用水。

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引用次数: 0

Assessment of vapor intrusion risk in a point-source contaminated site under fluctuating groundwater table conditions: A two-dimensional analytical model 地下水位波动条件下点源污染场地蒸汽侵入风险评价：二维解析模型。

IF 4.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Journal of contaminant hydrology

Pub Date : 2025-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2025.104772

Zhang-Wen Zhu , Shi-Jin Feng , Qi-Teng Zheng , Hong-Xin Chen

Groundwater table (GWT) fluctuations significantly affect volatile organic compound (VOC) vapor migration in contaminated sites, increasing vapor intrusion risk and human health threats. Considering GWT fluctuations, this paper presents a transient two-dimensional analytical model for simulating the vapor diffusion and adsorption in the homogeneous vadose zone following a point source leakage. Green's function approach is applied to derive the analytical solution. The proposed analytical model is verified against the published experimental data and numerical simulations. Results reveal that the vapor intrusion risk is more severe in GWT-fluctuating point-source contaminated sites involving one or more of the following factors: large GWT fluctuation amplitude, shallow source depth, high leaking rate, and low effective diffusivity of the soil. Greater GWT fluctuation amplitudes also cause more significant lag effects. The vapor concentration attenuates exponentially with increasing horizontal distance from the source. The horizontal attenuation rate of vapor concentration at GWT-fluctuating contaminated sites is independent of effective diffusivity and retardation factors. The assessment method for vapor intrusion risk at GWT-fluctuating point-source contaminated sites is proposed for preliminary screening. The maximum allowable amplitude of GWT fluctuation with the given source depth and soil type for different leaking rates at the source can be determined rapidly.

地下水位（GWT）波动显著影响污染场地挥发性有机化合物（VOC）蒸汽的迁移，增加了挥发性有机化合物侵入的风险和对人体健康的威胁。考虑GWT波动，本文建立了一种瞬态二维解析模型，用于模拟点源泄漏后均匀气相区蒸汽的扩散和吸附。采用格林函数法推导了解析解。通过已发表的实验数据和数值模拟验证了所提出的分析模型。结果表明，在GWT波动点源污染场地，由于GWT波动幅度大、源深度浅、泄漏率高、土壤有效扩散系数低等因素，水汽侵入风险更严重。更大的GWT波动幅度也会导致更显著的滞后效应。随着离源水平距离的增加，蒸汽浓度呈指数衰减。gwt波动污染点蒸汽浓度的水平衰减速率与有效扩散系数和延迟因子无关。提出了gwt波动点源污染场地蒸汽侵入风险评价方法，进行了初步筛选。在给定的源深度和土壤类型下，可以快速确定不同源泄漏速率下GWT波动的最大允许幅度。

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引用次数: 0

Hydrodynamic and leaching efficiency comparison of horizontal and vertical well Systems in Uranium in-Situ Leaching 铀原位浸出水平井与直井系统水动力及浸出效率比较

IF 4.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Journal of contaminant hydrology

Pub Date : 2025-11-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2025.104769

Yong Chang , Yixuan Ren , Genmao Zhou , Xuebin Su , Zhaokun Li , Yinquan Ding , Yun Yang , Jichun Wu

Vertical wells are predominantly used for both injection and extraction in uranium in-Situ leaching (ISL), yet they often produce uneven spreading of leaching solution and relatively low leaching efficiency. Horizontal wells, widely applied in oil and shale-gas operations, offer a plausible alternative for solution injection, but their suitability for uranium ISL remains underexplored. In this paper, we compared hydrodynamic performance and leaching extent between horizontal injection/vertical pumping (HIVE) systems and traditional vertical injection-pumping (TVIE) systems through numerical modelling. For HIVE flow simulations, MODFLOW-CFP, initially designed for karst aquifers, was utilized, while MODFLOW was employed for TVIE systems. Based on these simulations, particle tracking simulations were used to trace the flow paths of the leaching solution, and the Alpha-shape algorithm automatically extracted the leaching extent from the particle trajectories that reached the pumping wells. Simulation results highlight HIVEs can effectively reduce low-velocity zones and mitigate leaching stagnant zones commonly found between injection wells in TVIE systems. Although the total leaching volume in HIVEs was generally lower than that in TVIEs, the leaching volume within the uranium orebody was comparable to or even slightly greater than TVIEs. Consequently, a large fraction of the leaching solution remains within the orebody, leading to higher leaching efficiency for HIVEs compared to TIVEs. Overall, these findings suggest that HIVEs could be a promising alternative to traditional vertical well systems in in-situ uranium leaching across different hydrogeological conditions except in relatively thin orebodies, where TVIE may still achieve slightly higher leaching efficiency. Future studies should examine HIVEs in heterogeneous aquifers and employ reactive multicomponent models to better quantify its performance relative to TVIEs.

在铀矿原位浸出（ISL）中，竖井主要用于注提两种浸出方式，但其浸出液分布不均匀，浸出效率相对较低。水平井广泛应用于石油和页岩气作业，为溶液注入提供了一种可行的替代方案，但其对铀ISL的适用性仍未得到充分探讨。本文通过数值模拟比较了水平注入/垂直泵注（HIVE）系统和传统垂直注入-泵注（TVIE）系统的水动力性能和浸出程度。HIVE流动模拟使用MODFLOW- cfp，最初设计用于喀斯特含水层，而MODFLOW用于TVIE系统。在此基础上，采用粒子跟踪模拟方法对浸出液的流动轨迹进行跟踪，并利用Alpha-shape算法自动从到达抽油井的粒子轨迹中提取浸出程度。模拟结果表明，在TVIE系统中，HIVEs可以有效地减少注水井之间的低速区和浸出停滞区。虽然HIVEs的总浸出量普遍低于tvie，但铀矿体内的浸出量与tvie相当，甚至略大于tvie。因此，大部分浸出液仍留在矿体内，导致hiv的浸出效率高于hiv。总的来说，这些研究结果表明，在不同的水文地质条件下，除了相对较薄的矿体外，hvie可能是传统直井系统的一种有希望的替代方案，在这些条件下，TVIE仍可能获得略高的浸出效率。未来的研究应该检查非均质含水层中的hiv，并采用反应性多组分模型来更好地量化其相对于tvie的表现。

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引用次数: 0

Characterization and risk assessment of microplastic contamination in a tropical man-made Lake and adjacent water using multi-approach analysis 热带人工湖及其邻近水域微塑料污染特征及风险评价

IF 4.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Journal of contaminant hydrology

Pub Date : 2025-11-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2025.104770

Md. Maynuddin Pathan , Md. Rakeb-Ul-Islam , Khadiza Nasrin , Khadijatul Kubra Riya , Md. Mahbubur Rahman , Md. Maheen Mahmud Bappy , Partho Banik , Md. Tareque Bhuiyan , Mohammed Fahad Albeshr , Takaomi Arai , Norhayati Ngah , Jimmy Yu , M. Belal Hossain

Microplastic (MP) pollution in lacustrine environments remains largely overlooked in the South Asian region, despite its widespread presence and adverse effects. Hence, this pioneering study investigated the contamination levels and multi-approach ecological risks of MPs in water and sediment samples collected from ten key stations across Kaptai Lake, the largest artificial lake in South Asia. MPs abundance ranged from 650 to 2450 items/m³ in water and 135–607.5 items/kg in sediment. Significant spatial variation in MP concentrations (p < 0.05) was observed along the lake. Their variation was influenced by polymer properties, local hydro-geography, and point pollution sources. The majority of identified MPs were fibers measuring less than 0.5 mm in size, with transparent MPs being the most prevalent in both water (39.5 %) and sediment (46.2 %). FTIR analysis identified six polymer types including PE, PET, PP, PS, EVA, and PU. The detected polymers reflect diverse pollution sources e.g., primarily packaging materials, synthetic textiles, and fishing gear, originating from anthropogenic activities surrounding the lake. Evaluation through contamination indices, namely the contamination factor (CF) and pollution load index (PLI), revealed a moderate level of plastic contamination. However, high PHI values (>1000) observed at several locations indicate severe contamination, categorized under Hazard Level IV, indicating significant environmental risks. The PERI analysis showed considerable variability in risk levels across the lake, with certain areas classified as “extreme Danger” (>1200), highlighting severe ecological threats from MP contamination. Multivariate analyses (CA and PCA) revealed that human activities are likely the primary sources of MPs in the lake. These findings reveal pronounced spatial variations in MPs contamination and ecological risk across Kaptai Lake, underscoring the need for improved waste management and awareness initiatives around industrial, residential, and tourism-influenced zones.

在南亚地区，湖泊环境中的微塑料污染尽管广泛存在并产生不利影响，但在很大程度上仍被忽视。因此，这项开创性的研究调查了从南亚最大的人工湖Kaptai湖的十个关键站点收集的水和沉积物样本中MPs的污染水平和多种生态风险。水中MPs丰度为650 ~ 2450个/m3，沉积物中为135 ~ 607.5个/kg。沿湖MP浓度存在显著的空间差异（p < 0.05）。它们的变化受聚合物性质、当地水文地理和点污染源的影响。大多数确定的MPs是尺寸小于0.5 mm的纤维，透明MPs在水中（39.5%）和沉积物中（46.2%）最为普遍。FTIR分析鉴定出PE、PET、PP、PS、EVA和PU 6种聚合物类型。检测到的聚合物反映了不同的污染源，例如，主要是包装材料、合成纺织品和渔具，这些污染源来自湖泊周围的人为活动。通过污染系数（CF）和污染负荷指数（PLI）等污染指标进行评价，塑料污染处于中等水平。然而，在几个地点观察到的高PHI值（>1000）表明污染严重，属于危害等级IV，表明存在重大环境风险。PERI分析显示，整个湖泊的风险水平存在相当大的差异，某些地区被列为“极端危险”（>1200），突出了MP污染对生态的严重威胁。多变量分析（CA和PCA）表明，人类活动可能是湖泊中MPs的主要来源。这些发现揭示了Kaptai湖上MPs污染和生态风险的显著空间差异，强调了在工业、住宅和旅游影响区周围改善废物管理和提高意识的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Machine learning-based in-situ detection of toxic petroleum hydrocarbons in groundwater 基于机器学习的地下水有毒石油碳氢化合物原位检测

IF 4.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Journal of contaminant hydrology

Pub Date : 2025-11-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2025.104771

C.L.R. Wu , R.M. Wagterveld , L.C. Rietveld , B.M. van Breukelen

Monitored natural attenuation is commonly used to manage petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated groundwater. However, it requires periodic, costly grab sampling. We propose a cost-effective, real-time groundwater monitoring proof-of-concept machine learning (ML) framework using in-situ sensors—pH, dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity, and redox potential—to detect benzene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BEX). We built upon the established correlations between hydrocarbon concentrations and in-situ water quality parameters (iWQPs). Due to limited field data, we validated the framework using datasets at virtual wells within a simulated aquifer from our previously developed reactive transport model. In this application, we detected the spreading of pollution downstream of the established pollution plume. The used framework is a binary classification system that flags contamination at virtual downstream wells. We compared five ML classifiers, i.e. Logistic Regression, Random Forest, XGBoost, Multi-layer Perceptron, and Support Vector Classifier, for early warning when BEX reached or exceeded the regulatory threshold of 5 μg/L. The models were trained on virtual wells at and near the source zone and predicted contamination before BEX reached the threshold at downstream virtual wells. This reflects the spatial variability in flow and reaction dynamics that altered BEX-iWQP relationships. Scenario analyses revealed the ML models' sensitivity to aquifer properties, i.e., hydraulic conductivity, electrical conductivity, and electron acceptor availability. We also assessed the impact of sensor noise and seasonal fluctuations on iWQPs. We found that even moderate levels of noise (10–20 %) can significantly affect model accuracy, particularly when the noise was introduced into the test data. Therefore, we recommended to combine hardware stabilization with adaptive smoothing techniques. With these approaches, our proposed framework remains promising for providing early warnings of plume migration toward sensitive receptors.

监测自然衰减通常用于管理受石油烃污染的地下水。然而，它需要周期性的、昂贵的抓取采样。我们提出了一种具有成本效益的实时地下水监测概念验证机器学习（ML）框架，使用原位传感器（ph值、溶解氧、电导率和氧化还原电位）来检测苯、乙苯和二甲苯（BEX）。我们建立了碳氢化合物浓度与原位水质参数（iWQPs）之间的关系。由于现场数据有限，我们使用了之前开发的反应性运移模型中模拟含水层中的虚拟井的数据集来验证该框架。在这个应用程序中，我们检测到污染在已建立的污染羽流下游的扩散。使用的框架是一个二元分类系统，标记虚拟下游井的污染。我们比较了逻辑回归、随机森林、XGBoost、多层感知器和支持向量分类器5种ML分类器在BEX达到或超过5 μg/L的调节阈值时的预警效果。该模型在源区及其附近的虚拟井上进行训练，并在下游虚拟井的BEX达到阈值之前预测污染。这反映了改变BEX-iWQP关系的流动和反应动力学的空间变异性。情景分析揭示了ML模型对含水层性质的敏感性，即水力导电性、电导率和电子受体可用性。我们还评估了传感器噪声和季节波动对iWQPs的影响。我们发现，即使是中等水平的噪声（10 - 20%）也会显著影响模型的准确性，特别是当噪声被引入到测试数据中时。因此，我们建议将硬件稳定与自适应平滑技术相结合。有了这些方法，我们提出的框架仍然有希望向敏感受体提供羽流迁移的早期预警。

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引用次数: 0