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Self-use of skin-bleaching products among women attending a family medicine clinic: A cross-sectional study 参加家庭医学诊所的妇女自我使用皮肤漂白产品:一项横断面研究
Pub Date : 2020-07-01 DOI: 10.4103/jdds.jdds_13_18
Zinab Alatawi, Mohammed Alshahrani
Background: The use of skin-lightening creams is common and widespread in African, Asian, and North American colored no brown to dark. Use of skin-bleaching agents has been reported in Saudi Arabia. The long-term use of these products for several months to years may cause cutaneous or systemic side effects. Purpose: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of self-use of skin-bleaching agents among Saudi women as well as the level of awareness, attitudes, and practice toward the use of these agents. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted by the selection of systematic random sampling of female attending the Family Medicine Clinic at Prince Mansour Military Hospital. The data collected by a structured questionnaire included information about background variables and attitudes, awareness, and practice regarding the use of skin-bleaching agents. The data were analyzed using statistical software to yield descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: A total of 358 women aged between 18 and 55 years were included in this study. Nearly 25% of the women were current users of skin-bleaching agents, while 39.6% were only previous users. About a third of women used bleaching creams in the treatment of hypo or hyperpigmented skin and 29.4% used them for cosmetic purposes. Regarding the source of these agents, 38% of women obtained them by medical prescription and 27.8% were from pharmacy without prescription. The reason for using skin-bleaching creams varied: 51.6% of females used creams to increase beauty, 51% for making a new look, 6% for increasing self-confidence, and 4.3% to increase the stability of marriage. Almost 56% of the women reported that cortisone is the most dangerous component in the skin-bleaching agents. Nearly 33% of the women reported being willing to use a quick whitening agent from an unknown source. Higher education and higher income were associated with greater use of skin-lightening creams. Conclusion: The lifetime use of skin-bleaching agents was relatively high, divided evenly on cosmetic and curative purposes. The level of awareness about these agents is low because a considerable proportion of respondents agreed to use agents from unknown sources, in addition to the high use of skin-bleaching agents obtained without medical or pharmacist consultation.
背景:在非洲、亚洲和北美,肤色从棕色到深色的人普遍使用美白面霜。据报道,沙特阿拉伯使用皮肤漂白剂。长期使用这些产品数月至数年可能导致皮肤或全身副作用。目的:本研究旨在评估沙特妇女自我使用皮肤漂白剂的流行程度,以及对使用这些漂白剂的认识、态度和实践水平。方法:采用系统随机抽样的方法,对曼苏尔王子军队医院家庭医学门诊就诊的女性进行横断面研究。通过结构化问卷收集的数据包括有关使用皮肤漂白剂的背景变量和态度、意识和实践的信息。使用统计软件对数据进行分析,得出描述性和推断性统计。结果:共有358名年龄在18岁至55岁之间的女性被纳入本研究。近25%的女性目前使用皮肤漂白剂,而39.6%的女性只是以前使用过。大约三分之一的女性使用漂白面霜治疗色素沉着或色素沉着,29.4%的女性将其用于美容目的。关于这些药物的来源,38%的妇女通过医疗处方获得药物,27.8%的妇女从没有处方的药房获得药物。使用美白霜的原因各不相同:51.6%的女性使用美白霜来美容,51%的女性使用美白霜来塑造新形象,6%的女性使用美白霜来增强自信,4.3%的女性使用美白霜来增强婚姻的稳定性。近56%的女性报告说可的松是皮肤漂白剂中最危险的成分。近33%的女性表示愿意使用一种来源不明的快速增白剂。高等教育和高收入与更多地使用美白霜有关。结论:皮肤漂白剂的使用寿命较高,美容和治疗用途各占一半。对这些药剂的认识水平很低,因为相当大比例的答复者同意使用来源不明的药剂,此外大量使用未经医疗或药剂师咨询而获得的皮肤漂白剂。
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引用次数: 2
Pattern of skin cancer in Saudi patients at King Abdulaziz Medical City in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia between 2005 and 2015: A retrospective study 2005年至2015年沙特阿拉伯王国利雅得阿卜杜勒阿齐兹国王医疗城沙特患者皮肤癌模式:一项回顾性研究
Pub Date : 2020-07-01 DOI: 10.4103/jdds.jdds_18_20
Sultan Al Qahtani, R. Aldahash, Najd BinManie, Mohammed Al Assiri
Background: Skin cancer is one of the most common among white-skinned individuals. Its prevalence depends on geographic and ethnic variations. The pattern of skin cancer in Saudi patients per province is not well-established. Purpose: This retrospective study evaluated the pattern of skin cancer among Saudi patients from Riyadh area who have visited King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, between the years of 2005 and 2015. Methods: Data from 300 cancer patients were collected from KAMC and analyzed with respect to age, sex, cancer type, and cancer location. Results: Except for mycosis fungoides (MF), all other studied skin cancer types were more common in males as compared to females (1.56:1). Among the study population, the majority of skin cancer cases were seen in patient who aged more than 40 years old (86%) with the highest rate to be among those who are between 60 and 79 years old. Among all cases, the pattern and ratio of various skin cancers were as follows: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) (45.7%), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (14.7%), MF (7.3%), and malignant melanoma (MM) (7%), followed by sebaceous adenocarcinoma (SC), Kaposi sarcoma, and dermatofibrosarcoma protuberance each of 4.3%. With respect to cancer location, 141 cases were located on the face (46.95%), 46 on the hips and lower limbs (15.26%), 44 on the chest and abdomen (14.8%), 28 on the scalp and neck (9.29%), 21 on the shoulders and upper limbs (6.95%), and 17 were unspecified. Conclusion: Among Saudi patients with skin cancer in the central region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), BCC and SCC were the most common cancers, followed by MF and MM. Further studies are needed to fully determine common risk factors among these and future cases.
背景:皮肤癌是白皮肤人群中最常见的疾病之一。其流行程度取决于地理和种族差异。沙特各省皮肤癌患者的发病模式尚未确定。目的:本回顾性研究评估了2005年至2015年间在沙特阿拉伯利雅得阿卜杜勒阿齐兹国王医疗城(KAMC)就诊的利雅得地区沙特患者的皮肤癌模式。方法:从KAMC收集300例癌症患者的资料,对其年龄、性别、癌症类型、癌症部位进行分析。结果:除蕈样霉菌病(MF)外,所有其他皮肤癌类型在男性中比女性更常见(1.56:1)。在研究人群中,大多数皮肤癌病例发生在40岁以上的患者中(86%),60岁至79岁之间的患者发病率最高。在所有病例中,各种皮肤癌的类型和比例如下:基底细胞癌(BCC)(45.7%)、鳞状细胞癌(SCC)(14.7%)、MF(7.3%)、恶性黑色素瘤(MM)(7%),其次是皮脂腺癌(SC)、卡波济肉瘤(Kaposi sarcoma)和皮肤纤维肉瘤隆突(dermatofibrarcoma隆突),各占4.3%。癌变部位:面部141例(46.95%)、髋部及下肢46例(15.26%)、胸腹44例(14.8%)、头皮及颈部28例(9.29%)、肩部及上肢21例(6.95%)、未明确17例。结论:在沙特阿拉伯王国(KSA)中部地区的沙特皮肤癌患者中,BCC和SCC是最常见的癌症,其次是MF和MM。需要进一步的研究来充分确定这些和未来病例的共同危险因素。
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引用次数: 0
Vulvar syringoma – A rare distribution of a common entity: Report of two cases 外阴注射器瘤-一种罕见的常见实体分布:两例报告
Pub Date : 2020-07-01 DOI: 10.4103/jdds.jdds_25_19
B. Pai, K. Pai, Varsha M Shetty, Anuradha Jindal, Sandhiya Ramesh
Syringomas are common benign appendageal tumors arising from eccrine sweat glands. They are commonly encountered in women, appearing as yellowish to skin-colored papules, 1–5 mm in diameter. They are typically distributed around the lower eyelids and malar areas; however, vulvar syringoma occurs rarely. Vulvar syringoma needs to be differentiated from papular eruptions occurring on the vulva. Histopathological examination may be needed to distinguish them from other disorders as clinical examination alone may fail to do so. Herein, we report two cases of vulvar syringomas.
汗腺瘤是一种常见的良性阑尾肿瘤,起源于内分泌汗腺。它们常见于女性,表现为淡黄色到皮肤颜色的丘疹,直径1-5毫米。它们通常分布在下眼睑和颧区周围;然而,外阴注射器瘤很少发生。外阴注射器瘤需要与发生在外阴的丘疹疹相鉴别。可能需要组织病理学检查来区分它们与其他疾病,因为单独的临床检查可能无法做到这一点。在此,我们报告两例外阴丁香瘤。
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引用次数: 0
Infantile granular parakeratosis: Case report and review of the literature 婴儿颗粒状角化不全:病例报告及文献复习
Pub Date : 2020-07-01 DOI: 10.4103/jdds.jdds_28_20
Hanan Almeshal
Granular parakeratosis (GP) is a benign skin disease that has been reported in adults and children. Lesions usually affect the axillae, groin, and submammary region. The primary lesions present as brown keratotic papules and can form plaques. The etiologies implicated in the development of GP include the use of topical cream and the use of deodorants, local irritation and in children, it was linked to repetitive washing of the affected area and the use of zinc oxide cream. This is a case report of GP in a 14-month-old boy noted after washing the groin area with soap and using zinc oxide cream. The lesions have improved after the discontinuation of the use of zinc oxide cream and soap in washing the affected area.
颗粒状角化不全(GP)是一种良性皮肤病,在成人和儿童中都有报道。病变通常影响腋窝、腹股沟和乳腺下区域。原发性病变表现为棕色角化丘疹,可形成斑块。GP的病因包括使用局部面霜和除臭剂,局部刺激,在儿童中,它与反复清洗患处和使用氧化锌面霜有关。这是一个14个月大的男孩在用肥皂和氧化锌乳膏清洗腹股沟区域后发现的GP病例报告。在停止使用氧化锌乳膏和肥皂清洗患处后,病变有所改善。
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引用次数: 0
Unilateral pachydermodactyly in a Saudi boy: A rare presentation 沙特男孩单侧厚皮畸形:罕见表现
Pub Date : 2020-07-01 DOI: 10.4103/JDDS.JDDS_8_19
Lamia S. Al Akrash, Alanoud Al Huqayl, Ahmed Al Humidi, A. Jamal
Pachydermodactyly (PDD) is a rare, acquired idiopathic form of digital fibromatosis. PDD typically presents as asymptomatic swelling of the second to fourth proximal interphalangeal joints bilaterally in young males. Here, we present an acquired unilateral PDD in a Saudi boy with emphasis on the clinical, radiological, and histopathological features. In conclusion, PDD is a benign disease; a prompt recognition would prevent irrelevant workup and reassure patients.
厚皮畸形(PDD)是一种罕见的,获得性特发性数字纤维瘤病。PDD通常表现为年轻男性双侧第二至第四近端指间关节无症状肿胀。在这里,我们提出一个获得性单侧PDD在沙特男孩的临床,放射学和组织病理学特征的重点。总之,PDD是一种良性疾病;及时识别可以防止无关的检查,并使患者放心。
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引用次数: 0
Effectiveness of adalimumab in combination with intense pulsed light and radiofrequency therapy (LAight®) for severe hidradenitis suppurativa: A case report 阿达木单抗联合强脉冲光和射频治疗(LAight®)治疗严重化脓性汗腺炎的有效性:1例报告
Pub Date : 2020-07-01 DOI: 10.4103/jdds.jdds_36_19
U. Kirschner, B. Lang, K. Steinbrink, S. Zimmer
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS also named as acne inversa) is a chronic skin disease characterized by relapsing formation of abscesses, inflammatory nodules, and fistulas. In moderate-to-severe disease, HS leads to the formation of scarring and thus irreversible tissue destruction. In the past few years, two new treatment options became available: adalimumab, the first biologic therapy approved for HS (Humira®, AbbVie), and a noninvasive, device-based treatment utilizing a combination of intense pulsed light and radiofrequency (LAight® therapy, LENICURA, Germany). Here, we report a case of a Hurley stage III patient where the positive effect of adalimumab could be enhanced by simultaneously applying LAight® therapy. Moreover, long-term symptom control could be achieved under monotherapy with LAight® after adalimumab was terminated.
化脓性汗腺炎是一种慢性皮肤病,以反复形成脓肿、炎性结节和瘘管为特征。在中重度疾病中,HS导致瘢痕形成,从而导致不可逆的组织破坏。在过去的几年里,出现了两种新的治疗选择:阿达木单抗,这是首个批准用于HS的生物疗法(Humira®,艾伯维),以及一种利用强脉冲光和射频结合的无创、基于设备的治疗(LAight®疗法,LENICURA,德国)。在这里,我们报告了一例Hurley III期患者,阿达木单抗的积极作用可以通过同时应用LAight®治疗来增强。此外,在停用阿达木单抗后,单药治疗LAight®可实现长期症状控制。
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引用次数: 2
Can changing skin pH help us control atopic dermatitis? 改变皮肤pH值能帮助我们控制特应性皮炎吗?
Pub Date : 2020-07-01 DOI: 10.4103/jdds.jdds_118_20
Kayla H. Felix, C. Heron, S. Feldman
The therapeutic options for atopic dermatitis (AD) are rapidly evolving as new medications are developed to address patient needs. Systemic medications, such as methotrexate, azathioprine, and cyclosporine, have been used for years; new small molecules such as the Janus kinase inhibitor baricitinib are under development, and dupilumab has already revolutionized the treatment of AD.[1] Given their costs and/ or side effects, these treatments are reserved for patients with moderate-to-severe AD, whereas those with milder AD are often managed using topical therapies. While the new developments have been revolutionary, there continues to be a need for highly efficacious treatments for patients with limited disease who have failed first-line therapies.
特应性皮炎(AD)的治疗选择正在迅速发展,新的药物开发,以满足患者的需求。全身药物,如甲氨蝶呤、硫唑嘌呤和环孢素,已使用多年;新的小分子如Janus激酶抑制剂baricitinib正在开发中,dupilumab已经彻底改变了AD的治疗。[1]考虑到它们的成本和/或副作用,这些治疗只适用于中度至重度AD患者,而轻度AD患者通常使用局部治疗。虽然新的发展是革命性的,但仍然需要对一线治疗失败的有限疾病患者进行高效治疗。
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引用次数: 0
Cutaneous manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: A comprehensive review 人类免疫缺陷病毒/获得性免疫缺陷综合征的皮肤表现:综合综述
Pub Date : 2020-07-01 DOI: 10.4103/jdds.jdds_75_20
D. Lewis, S. Feldman
Background: Cutaneous manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may be among the initial signs of HIV-related immunosuppression. As such, recognizing HIV-related cutaneous manifestations may lead to the early diagnosis of HIV infection, enabling the prompt initiation of antiretroviral therapy. Purpose: The objective of this article is to discuss the disease history, clinical findings, serologic findings, and treatment options of cutaneous manifestations of HIV. Methods: A nonsystematic review of the literature was performed using PubMed/MEDLINE and Scopus from which relevant articles were analyzed and summarized in the article. Results: There are a number of dermatologic conditions associated with HIV infection, which can be grouped into various categories: acute HIV infection, bacterial infections, viral infections, fungal infections, parasitic infections, papulosquamous dermatoses, eczematous dermatoses, and miscellaneous disorders. Skin-related disorders observed in HIV may result from the viral infection itself or from opportunistic infections or skin disorders secondary to the immunocompromised state inherent to the infection. Many associated skin diseases are more severe in HIV-infected patients, particularly those with severe immunosuppression as seen in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Conclusion: Prompt recognition of these skin manifestations is critical to the initiation of disease-modifying antiretroviral therapy.
背景:人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)的皮肤表现可能是HIV相关免疫抑制的最初症状之一。因此,认识到与HIV相关的皮肤表现可能导致HIV感染的早期诊断,从而能够及时开始抗逆转录病毒治疗。目的:本文的目的是讨论HIV皮肤表现的病史、临床表现、血清学表现和治疗方案。方法:采用PubMed/MEDLINE和Scopus对相关文献进行非系统综述,对相关文献进行分析总结。结果:有许多与HIV感染相关的皮肤病,可分为不同的类别:急性HIV感染、细菌感染、病毒感染、真菌感染、寄生虫感染、丘疹鳞状皮肤病、湿疹皮肤病和杂症。在HIV中观察到的皮肤相关疾病可能是由病毒感染本身引起的,也可能是由感染固有的免疫功能低下状态继发的机会性感染或皮肤疾病引起的。许多相关皮肤病在感染艾滋病毒的患者中更为严重,特别是在获得性免疫缺陷综合征中出现严重免疫抑制的患者。结论:及时识别这些皮肤表现对于开始改善疾病的抗逆转录病毒治疗至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Accuracy of diagnoses of skin diseases in a pediatric emergency room: A retrospective study 儿科急诊室皮肤病诊断的准确性:一项回顾性研究
Pub Date : 2020-07-01 DOI: 10.4103/jdds.jdds_72_19
Suzan A. AlKhater
Background: Cutaneous disorders are common in children. Few studies have assessed the diagnostic accuracy of pediatricians in diagnosing skin disorders. Purpose: In this study, the accuracy of the diagnoses of skin diseases made in a pediatric emergency room (ER) was determined. Methods: Data were obtained from a retrospective study of children with dermatological disorders seeking emergency services in the pediatric ER in a teaching hospital in Saudi Arabia. Descriptive statistics were used to determine the distribution of patients and time characteristics. Crude and adjusted logistic regression models, controlling for demographic and time-associated characteristics, were used to determine the association between clinical and other characteristics and diagnostic accuracy of pediatricians. Results: There were statistically significant differences in the overall distribution of the study population by gender, season, time of week, shift, and referrals (P < 0.05). After adjusting for these factors, every unit increase in age (years) was associated with a 38% increase (odds ratio: 1.38; 95% confidence interval: 1.18–1.61) in the odds of pediatricians being likely to have the correct diagnosis. There were significant differences between the diagnosis made by pediatrician and the final diagnoses made by senior staff (P < 0.001). Infections and neonatal skin diseases were underdiagnosed, while overdiagnoses of allergic and hypersensitivity reactions were observed. Conclusion: The results emphasize the importance of orienting pediatric trainees on the dermatological aspects of diseases, particularly on the topics involving infectious, allergic and hypersensitivity reactions, and neonatal skin disorders. This points out the importance of making dermatology rotation as a core requirement during the residency training rather than just optional electives.
背景:皮肤疾病在儿童中很常见。很少有研究评估儿科医生诊断皮肤病的准确性。目的:在本研究中,确定儿科急诊室(ER)皮肤病诊断的准确性。方法:数据来自沙特阿拉伯一家教学医院儿科急诊科皮肤科疾病患儿的回顾性研究。描述性统计用于确定患者分布和时间特征。采用粗糙和调整后的logistic回归模型,控制人口统计学和时间相关特征,以确定临床和其他特征与儿科医生诊断准确性之间的关系。结果:研究人群在性别、季节、时间、班次、转诊等方面的总体分布差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。在对这些因素进行调整后,年龄(年)每增加一个单位与38%的增加相关(优势比:1.38;95%可信区间:1.18-1.61),与儿科医生可能做出正确诊断的几率有很大关系。儿科医师的诊断与资深医师的最终诊断差异有统计学意义(P < 0.001)。感染和新生儿皮肤病的诊断不足,而过敏和超敏反应的诊断过高。结论:研究结果强调了儿科培训生在皮肤病方面的重要性,特别是在涉及感染性、过敏性和超敏反应以及新生儿皮肤病的主题上。这指出了皮肤科轮转作为住院医师培训的核心要求,而不仅仅是可选的选修课的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Rothmund-Thomson syndrome: A review of clinical and molecular aspects 罗斯蒙-汤姆森综合征:临床和分子方面的回顾
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.4103/jdds.jdds_34_19
M. Alsabbagh
Introduction: Rothmund-Thomson syndrome (RTS) is a rare genodermatosis which manifests a wide array of symptoms affecting skin and skin appendages. The first two cases were reported in 1957. Purpose: To present a comprehensive clinical and molecular perspective of RTS. Methods: A clinical review of the reported cases. Results: A variety of nonspecific symptoms make it difficult to reach an early diagnosis and to provide an appropriate counseling. Conclusion: This review highlight the major clinical variations to help reach a prompt diagnosis and take appropriate preventative measures.
罗斯蒙-汤姆森综合征(RTS)是一种罕见的遗传性皮肤病,表现为一系列影响皮肤和皮肤附属物的症状。1957年报告了头两个病例。目的:从临床和分子角度综述RTS。方法:对已报道病例进行临床复习。结果:各种非特异性症状使其难以早期诊断和提供适当的咨询。结论:本文综述了主要的临床变异,有助于及时诊断和采取适当的预防措施。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
Journal of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery
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