Journal of Constructional Steel Research最新文献_第7页

Mechanical properties of steel with nominal yield strength of 700 MPa at elevated temperature and after fire exposure 标称屈服强度为700mpa的钢在高温和火灾后的机械性能

IF 4 2区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Journal of Constructional Steel Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcsr.2025.110223

Weiyong Wang , Yingnan Wang , Zhenghao Qian

The mechanical properties of high strength steel will deteriorate under fire conditions, and this deterioration is consistently observed in fire accident of steel structures. The load induces stress in the steel member, which is significant, yet often neglected in current research on post-fire mechanical properties of steel. Thus, this paper offers a comprehensive analysis of the mechanical properties of LG700 steel under fire conditions. A series of tension tests were conducted on mechanical properties at elevated temperature and after fire exposure. The tensile stress was considered in the post-fire test and the stress ratios of 0, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.7 were applied in the steel coupons. The findings indicate that both the yield strength and ultimate strength are largely preserved, maintaining approximately 80.0 % of yield strength and 86.1 % of ultimate strength up to 400 °C. The post-fire tension tests reveal that tensile stress significantly affects the residual yield strength, ultimate strength, and elastic modulus of LG700 steel only when the temperature reaches 300 °C or exceeds 700 °C. By comparing the test results with current standards and available literatures, it was found that some of the recommended values in the standards are not suitable for LG700 steel. Furthermore, it has been observed that even when steels have similar yield strengths, their post-fire mechanical properties may not necessarily align. Consequently, a series of prediction equations based on the test results have been proposed to assess the mechanical properties of LG700 steel at elevated temperature and after fire exposure.

高强度钢的力学性能在火灾条件下会发生劣化，这种劣化现象在钢结构火灾事故中一直存在。荷载在钢构件中产生应力是一个重要的问题，但在火灾后钢的力学性能研究中往往被忽视。因此，本文对LG700钢在火灾条件下的力学性能进行了全面的分析。进行了高温和火灾后的一系列拉伸试验。火后试验考虑拉应力，钢券的应力比分别为0、0.2、0.4和0.7。结果表明，在400℃温度下，屈服强度和极限强度均保持在80.0%和86.1%左右。火灾后拉伸试验表明，当温度达到300℃或超过700℃时，拉应力对LG700钢的残余屈服强度、极限强度和弹性模量有显著影响。将试验结果与现行标准和现有文献进行比较，发现标准中的一些推荐值并不适用于LG700钢。此外，据观察，即使钢具有相似的屈服强度，它们的火灾后机械性能也不一定一致。因此，提出了一系列基于试验结果的预测方程来评估LG700钢在高温和火灾后的力学性能。

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引用次数: 0

Compressive performance and design rule of CHS X-joints with local pitting corrosion 局部点蚀CHS x形节理抗压性能及设计规律

IF 4 2区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Journal of Constructional Steel Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcsr.2025.110225

Xiaoyu Yan , Xiaohong Jian , Wenkang Zuo , Junwu Xia , Yimin Lu , Lihai Zhang , Hongfei Chang

Local pitting corrosion poses a critical threat to the structural integrity of tubular joints in marine and offshore structures, yet its effects on CHS (Circular Hollow Section) X-joints remain inadequately understood. This study experimentally and numerically investigates the compressive performance of CHS X-joints with localized pitting corrosion. Five specimens, including both uncorroded and corroded joints fabricated via precision drilling, were tested under axial compression. All joints exhibited chord plastification as the dominant failure mode, and pitting corrosion led to significant reductions in strength and stiffness, especially in joints with larger brace-to-chord diameter ratios. Validated finite element models incorporating the element birth-and-death technique were used to assess the influence of axial and circumferential corrosion positions, corrosion rate, and geometry on joint strength. Results revealed that axial corrosion near the brace-chord intersection was the most detrimental, while circumferential position played a secondary role. Based on parametric analysis and plastic yield line theory, a new design formula was proposed to predict the residual compressive strength of corroded joints, which demonstrated strong agreement with simulation results (96 % accuracy) and offered a practical tool for structural assessment and design under localized corrosion.

局部点蚀对海洋和海上结构中管状节点的结构完整性构成严重威胁，但其对CHS（圆形空心截面）x形节点的影响尚不充分了解。本文对局部点蚀CHS x形节理的抗压性能进行了实验和数值研究。在轴向压缩条件下，对5个试件进行了轴向压缩试验，其中包括未腐蚀和经精密钻孔加工的腐蚀节点。所有节点均以弦塑化为主要破坏模式，点蚀导致强度和刚度显著降低，特别是在支撑与弦直径比较大的节点。结合元素生死技术的验证有限元模型被用于评估轴向和周向腐蚀位置、腐蚀速率和几何形状对接头强度的影响。结果表明，轴向腐蚀在弦撑交点附近最为严重，周向腐蚀次之。基于参数化分析和塑性屈服线理论，提出了一种新的腐蚀节点残余抗压强度预测公式，与模拟结果吻合较好（准确率达96%），为局部腐蚀条件下的结构评估和设计提供了实用工具。

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引用次数: 0

Study of the functionally graded steel-concrete composite panels for enhanced blast resistance 功能级配钢-混凝土复合板抗爆性能研究

IF 4 2区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Journal of Constructional Steel Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcsr.2025.110211

Lu Gan , Tongtong Zhou , Xiaoli Rong , Pan Li , Minghong Li , Mingyang Wang

Steel-concrete composite panels are extensively utilized in protective engineering, typically comprising a single type of concrete. This study introduced a novel steel-concrete composite panel that integrates a normal concrete (NC) layer with an ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) layer, creating a gradient structure to enhance resistance to blast loads. A validated numerical model, developed in LS-DYNA, was used to evaluate eight blast scenarios comparing the the performance of S-NC-S-UHPC-S and S-UHPC-S-NC-S composite panels. The S-NC-S-UHPC-S configuration exhibited superior material efficiency, with the UHPC layer providing high shear resistance and the NC layer contributing significant energy absorption. This novel design demonstrated blast resistance comparable to S-UHPC-S-UHPC-S panels, significantly outperforming single-layer (S-NC-S, S-UHPC-S) and double-NC (S-NC-S-NC-S) configurations. Parametric analyses revealed several key design insights for the S-NC-S-UHPC-S panel: A thicker back faceplate effectively minimizes panel damage; higher NC strength reduces shear failure, but lower-strength NC is preferred for maximizing energy dissipation when flexural damage dominates; UHPC strength range from 120 to180 MPa had minimal influence; the optimal thickness ratio of NC to UHPC layers is t_NC/t_UHPC = 1, which balances blast resistance and cost-effectiveness by controlling the panel's damage mode and dynamic response. These findings provide valuable, economy-conscious design guidelines for the novel S-NC-S-UHPC-S composite panel to enhance blast load resistance.

钢-混凝土复合板广泛应用于防护工程，通常由单一类型的混凝土组成。这项研究介绍了一种新型的钢-混凝土复合板，它将普通混凝土（NC）层与超高性能混凝土（UHPC）层结合在一起，形成了一个梯度结构，以增强对爆炸荷载的抵抗力。在LS-DYNA中开发了一个经过验证的数值模型，用于评估8种爆炸场景，比较S-NC-S-UHPC-S和S-UHPC-S-NC-S复合面板的性能。S-NC-S-UHPC-S结构表现出优异的材料效率，其中UHPC层具有较高的抗剪切性能，NC层具有显著的能量吸收。这种新型设计的抗爆性能与S-UHPC-S- uhpc - s面板相当，显著优于单层（S-NC-S、S-UHPC-S）和双层（S-NC-S- nc - s）面板。参数分析揭示了S-NC-S-UHPC-S面板的几个关键设计见解：更厚的后面板有效地减少了面板损伤；较高的NC强度降低了剪切破坏，但当弯曲破坏占主导地位时，较低的NC强度更有利于能量耗散最大化；UHPC强度在120 ~ 180 MPa范围内影响最小；NC层与UHPC层的最佳厚度比为tNC/tUHPC = 1，通过控制面板的损伤模式和动态响应来平衡爆炸抗力和成本效益。这些发现为新型S-NC-S-UHPC-S复合材料板提高抗爆炸载荷能力提供了有价值的、经济的设计指导。

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引用次数: 0

Characterization of ductile fracture behavior for Q355 steel under complex stress states 复杂应力状态下Q355钢韧性断裂行为的表征

IF 4 2区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Journal of Constructional Steel Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcsr.2025.110219

Wang Dou , Zejian Xu , Yang Han , Fenglei Huang

To reveal the fracture initiation mechanisms and establish the correlation between the ductile fracture mechanism and macroscopic mechanical behaviors in Q355 steel, ductile behavior of the Q355 steel was comprehensively examined across a broad spectrum of stress states. Seven types of specimens were utilized to generate various stress states, consisting of smooth and notched round bar, flat grooved plate, compression, shear, shear-compression, and shear-tension specimens. Finite element models of the fracture specimens were established, with good agreement between the simulated and measured force-displacement curves demonstrated. Through the experiments and simulations, the fracture strain, stress triaxiality, and Lode angle parameter were determined. The fracture mechanisms are strongly governed by stress state: dimple-dominated fracture prevails under high triaxiality, whereas a mixed shear-dimple mode dominates at low triaxiality. Based on test data, a recently developed fracture model that incorporates both stress triaxiality and Lode angle parameter was calibrated to construct 3D fracture locus. Furthermore, a validation test was carried out to evaluate robustness and calculation accuracy of present model. The results demonstrate strong consistency between experiment and simulation in terms of fracture displacement and fracture morphology. This work provides a theoretical foundation and practical insight for the fracture-resistant design and application of steel structures.

为了揭示Q355钢的断裂起裂机制，建立韧性断裂机制与宏观力学行为之间的相关性，对Q355钢在各种应力状态下的韧性行为进行了全面研究。采用光滑带缺口圆杆、平槽板、压缩、剪切、剪切-压缩、剪切-拉伸试件等7种试件来产生不同的应力状态。建立了断裂试件的有限元模型，模拟得到的力-位移曲线与实测结果吻合较好。通过实验和模拟，确定了断裂应变、应力三轴性和Lode角参数。断裂机制受应力状态的强烈控制：高三轴向下以韧窝为主，低三轴向下以剪切-韧窝混合断裂为主。基于测试数据，对最近开发的裂缝模型进行了校准，该模型同时包含应力三轴性和Lode角参数，以构建三维裂缝轨迹。并对模型的鲁棒性和计算精度进行了验证检验。结果表明，在裂缝位移和裂缝形态方面，实验与模拟结果具有较强的一致性。本研究为钢结构的抗断裂设计和应用提供了理论基础和实践见解。

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引用次数: 0

Performance-based design framework for enhancing seismic resilience of frames using dual-stage steel braces 基于性能的框架设计，采用双级钢支撑提高框架的抗震能力

IF 4 2区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Journal of Constructional Steel Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcsr.2025.110216

Yutong Chen , Xiao Lu , Linlin Xie

This study aims to investigate the seismic retrofit potential of a slip-activated dual-stage (SADS) steel bracing system for multi-story frames and to clarify how its story-wise configuration governs the resulting structural performance. To achieve this objective, a systematic optimization framework is developed to determine the effective vertical distribution of three key design parameters, including preset gap, strength ratio, and stiffness ratio. Three representative story-wise distribution strategies, namely proportional increase (PI), capacity compensation (CC), and uniform distribution (UD), are formulated to reflect different design philosophies. Nonlinear dynamic time-history analyses are conducted on multi-story frames retrofitted with SADS braces to evaluate how these distribution patterns influence peak drift response, residual drift, and collapse safety margin. The results reveal that among the investigated strategies, the UD strategy provides the most stable global response and effectively mitigates damage concentration. The CC strategy offers targeted improvement for stories with known weakness, such as soft stories, whereas the PI strategy may inadvertently induce unfavorable damage transfer along the height of the structure. With an optimally designed retrofit, the frame exhibits reductions of 49–75 % in residual drift ratios and 37–43 % in peak drift ratios, with a 13 % increase in the collapse safety margin, demonstrating significantly enhanced seismic resilience. The proposed framework offers an efficient and practically oriented methodology for the seismic retrofitting of multi-story frames with SADS braces.

本研究旨在研究滑移激活双级（SADS）多层框架钢支撑系统的抗震改造潜力，并阐明其分层配置如何影响最终的结构性能。为了实现这一目标，开发了一个系统的优化框架，以确定三个关键设计参数的有效垂直分布，包括预设间隙、强度比和刚度比。三种典型的故事分配策略，即比例增加（PI）、容量补偿（CC）和均匀分配（UD），被制定为反映不同的设计理念。对加固了SADS支撑的多层框架进行了非线性动力时程分析，以评估这些分布模式对峰值漂移响应、剩余漂移和倒塌安全余量的影响。结果表明，在所研究的策略中，UD策略提供了最稳定的全局响应，并有效地减轻了损害集中。CC策略为具有已知弱点的层提供了有针对性的改进，例如软层，而PI策略可能无意中导致不利的沿结构高度的损害转移。经过优化设计的改造，框架的残余漂移比减少了49% - 75%，峰值漂移比减少了37% - 43%，倒塌安全边际增加了13%，显示出显著增强的抗震能力。提出的框架为多层框架的SADS支撑抗震改造提供了一种有效和实用的方法。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of pretensioning on the Z Block modular column-to-column connection 预张紧对Z块模块柱对柱连接的影响

IF 4 2区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Journal of Constructional Steel Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcsr.2025.110214

Ayotunde Giwa , Sreekanta Das , Hossein Ghaednia , Jothiarun Dhanapal

This study investigates the effects of bolt pretensioning on the column-to-column connection made of the Z Block connector under tensile axial load. Five full-scale specimens, comprising of various pretension levels (30, 50, 61.5, 70, and 85 kips) were tested under Axial Tension Single Column (ATSC) connection. The failure mode in all specimens was the rupture of the Socket-Head-Cap-Screws (SHCSs) that connect the lower and upper block components of the Z Block. Experimental tests showed that there was a decrease in block separation and tensile capacity as bolt pretension was increased. Notably, specimen with 61.5 kips pretension was adopted as the optimal design pretension level for the Z Block connector. The specimen showed an 82 % reduction in block separation and only a 6.7 % reduction in tensile capacity in comparison to specimen with no pretension applied. Test validation and parametric study was subsequently carried out using finite element analysis to investigate other level of pretension as well as identifying the alternate design pretension level for the Z Block connector. The results of the numerical analysis showed that a pretension preload of 245 kN (55 kips) resulted in a further decrease of 0.23 mm in block separation, while maintaining a 24 % increase in tensile capacity compared to the optimal preload obtained from the experimental test.

本研究探讨了在轴向拉伸荷载作用下，螺栓张紧对Z块接头柱对柱连接的影响。在轴向拉伸单柱（ATSC）连接下测试了5个全尺寸试件，包括不同的预张力水平（30、50、61.5、70和85 kips）。所有试件的破坏模式均为连接Z块上下组件的内六角螺钉（SHCSs）破裂。试验结果表明，随着锚杆预紧力的增大，锚杆的块体分离率和抗拉能力均有所降低。值得注意的是，采用61.5 kips预张力试件作为Z座连接器的最佳设计预张力水平。与未施加预张力的试样相比，试样的块分离减少了82%，拉伸能力仅减少了6.7%。随后，利用有限元分析进行了测试验证和参数化研究，以研究其他预张力水平，并确定Z Block连接器的替代设计预张力水平。数值分析结果表明，245 kN （55 kips）的预紧力使块体间距进一步减小0.23 mm，同时与实验测试获得的最佳预紧力相比，拉伸能力保持了24%的提高。

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引用次数: 0

Feasibility analysis of harnessing the sequentially monostable snap-through instability mechanism for developing self-centering energy-dissipating mechanical metamaterials 利用序贯单稳态瞬时失稳机制开发自定心耗能机械超材料的可行性分析

IF 4 2区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Journal of Constructional Steel Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcsr.2025.110215

Kaihao Zhang , Canxing Qiu , Xiuli Du , Hang Liu

A new type of self-centering energy-dissipating (SCED) device, i.e., the mechanical metamaterial that consists of a series of curved beams, is introduced in this work. As the theoretical foundation, the elastic snap-through instability theory of a single curved beam is first described. After that, the theory is extended for analyzing the sequentially monostable snap-through instability of the mechanical metamaterial and accordingly, a piecewise model is developed. The developed model is used for parametric analysis and design guidelines. In particular, the inelastic yet monostable snap-through instability is discussed, which well enriches the selection ranges of key design parameters for mechanical metamaterials. Besides, comprehensive finite-element numerical simulations are conducted, with the aim to visibly observe the global deformation process and local buckling behavior. To cater to the high strength demands towards seismic applications, the high-strength steel is suggested as the base material of the mechanical metamaterial. According to the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, the new SCED could achieve desirable strength capacity required by earthquake engineering. Hence, this paper confirms the feasibility of harnessing the sequentially monostable snap-through instability mechanism for developing SCED devices.

本文介绍了一种新型的自定心消能器件，即由一系列弯曲梁组成的机械超材料。作为理论基础，本文首先阐述了单弯曲梁的弹性断口失稳理论。在此基础上，将该理论推广到分析机械超材料的顺序单稳态卡断不稳定性，并据此建立了一个分段模型。所建立的模型用于参数化分析和设计指导。特别讨论了非弹性但单稳定的卡通不稳定性，丰富了机械超材料关键设计参数的选择范围。此外，还进行了全面的有限元数值模拟，以直观地观察整体变形过程和局部屈曲行为。为满足抗震应用对高强度的要求，建议采用高强钢作为机械超材料的基材。理论分析和数值模拟结果表明，该结构能够达到抗震工程要求的较好强度承载力。因此，本文证实了利用顺序单稳态卡通不稳定性机制开发SCED器件的可行性。

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引用次数: 0

Investigation on concrete-filled double skin steel tube columns to impact resistance post-fire 双皮钢管混凝土柱火灾后抗冲击性能研究

IF 4 2区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Journal of Constructional Steel Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcsr.2025.110200

Wenjiao Zhang , Xiumin Chen , Xiaohui Yuan , Xiangqing Kong , Wenchang He

Concrete-filled double skin steel tube (CFDST) columns are commonly employed in various building constructions because of their superior strength, low weight, strong bending stiffness, and excellent impact and fire resistance compared with concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) columns. In their service life, these structures may be subjected to extreme events like fire and impact, which could result in structural collapse and serious damage. In this study, the ABAQUS simulation platform was used to evaluate the post-fire impact performance of CFDST columns by building a three-dimensional finite element model. After validating the experimental results, the lateral impact dynamic response of CFDST columns following fire is systematically analyzed. The impact resistance of CFDST columns after fire was evaluated in relation to a number of essential parameters, such as impact velocity, drop hammer mass, axial compression ratio, hollow ratio, steel tube yield strength, and slenderness ratio. The results indicate that CFDST columns suffered overall bending damage under lateral impact loads after the fire, and their impact resistance and bending capacity gradually decreasing as fire exposure time increases. Furthermore, a suggested simplified calculation technique is provided to precisely forecast the flexural strength and peak mid-span deflection of CFDST columns under post-fire transverse impact loading. This formula is based on parametric analysis and an equivalent plastic hinge simplified model.

与钢管混凝土柱相比，双皮钢管混凝土柱具有强度高、自重轻、抗弯刚度大、抗冲击和耐火性能优异等优点，被广泛应用于各种建筑结构中。这些结构在其使用寿命中，可能会受到火灾和撞击等极端事件的影响，从而导致结构倒塌和严重损坏。本研究采用ABAQUS仿真平台，通过建立三维有限元模型，对CFDST柱的火灾后冲击性能进行评估。在验证试验结果的基础上，系统分析了CFDST柱火灾后的侧向冲击动力响应。根据冲击速度、落锤质量、轴压比、空心比、钢管屈服强度、长细比等关键参数对CFDST柱火灾后的抗冲击性能进行了评价。结果表明：火灾后CFDST柱在侧向冲击荷载作用下整体发生弯曲损伤，随着火灾暴露时间的增加，其抗冲击能力和抗弯能力逐渐降低；提出了一种简化的计算方法，可以准确预测火灾后横向冲击荷载作用下CFDST柱的抗弯强度和跨中挠度峰值。该公式基于参数化分析和等效塑性铰简化模型。

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引用次数: 0

Analysis of bond performance between square hollow steel tubes and UHTCC interfaces 方空心钢管与UHTCC界面粘结性能分析

IF 4 2区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Journal of Constructional Steel Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcsr.2025.110205

Bing Wang , Ze-Long Sun , Qing-Xin Ren , Yuan-Hong Zhu , Jia-Hui Wang

This study investigates the bond performance at the interface between square hollow steel tubes and ultra-high-toughness cementitious composites (UHTCC). Specimens with varying slenderness and width-to-thickness ratios were evaluated using push-out tests. The study analyses damage patterns, longitudinal strain distribution curves, load–slip curves, bonding mechanisms, interfacial bond strength distribution, and microstructure. The results indicate that bond-slip failure occurs at the bonding interface of the steel tube and UHTCC. Strain curve demonstrates an exponential decrease along the length of the specimen, and the load–slip curve reveals the stages of bonding, slip, and friction. The bond strength initially increases and subsequently decreases as the slenderness ratio increases. Conversely, it decreases as the width-to-thickness ratio increases. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were utilised to investigate microstructure. A finite element model was constructed for the composite structure, in which the stress distribution patterns and load–slip behaviour of the steel tube exhibited strong consistency with the test results. A bond strength distribution equation for the interface was derived, along with fitting equations with respect to bond strength and load. To extend the findings, a finite element model was constructed under linear elasticity to investigate interfacial changes. This study provides a solid theoretical foundation for designing square hollow steel tube–UHTCC composite structures.

研究了方空心钢管与超高韧性胶凝复合材料（UHTCC）界面的粘结性能。采用推出试验对具有不同长细比和宽厚比的试样进行了评估。研究分析了损伤模式、纵向应变分布曲线、载荷-滑移曲线、粘结机制、界面粘结强度分布和微观结构。结果表明：粘结滑移破坏发生在钢管与超高压混凝土的粘结界面。应变曲线沿试样长度呈指数递减，载荷-滑移曲线呈现粘结、滑移和摩擦阶段。随着长细比的增大，粘结强度先增大后减小。相反，它随着宽厚比的增加而减小。利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和x射线衍射仪（XRD）对其微观结构进行了研究。建立了复合材料结构的有限元模型，模型中钢管的应力分布模式和荷载-滑移行为与试验结果具有较强的一致性。导出了界面的结合强度分布方程，并给出了结合强度与载荷的拟合方程。为了扩展上述发现，在线弹性条件下建立了一个有限元模型来研究界面的变化。该研究为设计方形空心钢管-超高压混凝土组合结构提供了坚实的理论基础。

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引用次数: 0

Performance-based-plastic-design of truss-moment frames incorporating rotary dampers with two-stage energy-dissipation mechanism 带两级耗能机构旋转阻尼器的桁架弯矩框架的性能塑性设计

IF 4 2区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Journal of Constructional Steel Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcsr.2025.110206

Zeyu Zhou, Yanzu Zeng, Xuhong Zhou, Xiuzhang He, Ke Ke

To enhance the energy-dissipation efficiency of truss-moment frame (TMF) under varying seismic intensities, this study incorporates rotary dampers with a two-stage energy-dissipation mechanism (TSRDs) into TMF and develops a performance-based plastic design (PBPD) methodology that explicitly considers seismic responses under both design basis earthquakes (DBE) and maximum considered earthquakes (MCE). The probabilistic characteristics of seismic input energy demand for TMFs equipped with TSRDs (TMF-TSRDs) are quantified using machine learning techniques based on equivalent single-degree-of-freedom systems exhibiting quadri-linear hysteretic behaviour. Design equations for TMF-TSRDs are then derived based on work-energy balance concept using subassemblage models extracted from the global structure, enabling the proportion of dampers and structural members according to energy demands for both DBE and MCE scenarios. After that, a stepwise iterative procedure is proposed to facilitate the practical application of the PBPD methodology. Numerical simulations are conducted to evaluate the seismic performance of two prototype TMF-TSRD structures designed using the proposed procedure. Pushover analyses confirm that the design equations effectively predict the quadri-linear behaviour of both prototype structures, aligning well with the design targets. Nonlinear time-history analyses further demonstrate that maximum inter-storey drifts remain within predefined limits under both DBE and MCE conditions, validating the effectiveness of the proposed PBPD methodology.

为了提高桁架-弯矩框架（TMF）在不同地震烈度下的耗能效率，本研究将具有两级耗能机制（tsrd）的旋转阻尼器纳入TMF，并开发了一种基于性能的塑性设计（PBPD）方法，该方法明确考虑了设计基础地震（DBE）和最大考虑地震（MCE）下的地震反应。使用基于具有四线性滞后行为的等效单自由度系统的机器学习技术，对配备tsrd的tmf （tmf - tsrd）的地震输入能量需求的概率特征进行了量化。然后，利用从整体结构中提取的子组合模型，基于工作-能量平衡概念推导出tmf - tsrd的设计方程，从而根据DBE和MCE两种情况的能量需求确定阻尼器和结构构件的比例。在此基础上，提出了逐步迭代的方法，促进了PBPD方法的实际应用。通过数值模拟对采用该方法设计的两个原型TMF-TSRD结构的抗震性能进行了评价。Pushover分析证实，设计方程有效地预测了两种原型结构的二次线性行为，与设计目标很好地吻合。非线性时程分析进一步表明，在DBE和MCE条件下，最大层间漂移都保持在预定义的范围内，验证了所提出的PBPD方法的有效性。

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引用次数: 0