Journal of Education and Health Promotion最新文献

Background: Musculoskeletal disorders are a common health challenge in developed and developing countries. Physical therapy interventions can help reduce musculoskeletal pain, treat musculoskeletal disorders, and enhance the quality of life in individuals. A comprehensive and valid minimum data set (MDS) can be useful for data gathering and decision-making. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop the MDS for the musculoskeletal physical therapy registry.

Materials and methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2023. Four phases were carried out to develop the MDS, including a systematic review, focus group discussions, content validity and reliability calculation, and the Delphi technique. A systematic review was conducted in five databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, IEEE, and Google Scholar databases) to identify registries and data elements. In addition, the Google search engine was also reviewed. In the second phase, a focus group discussion was used to classify the extracted data elements by contributing experts. In the third phase, content validity (content validity ratio [CVR] and content validity index [CVI]) and reliability (Cronbach's alpha and intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] value) were calculated. In the fourth phase, two rounds of the Delphi technique for validation of the MDS were held. Finally, a musculoskeletal physical therapy MDS was developed.

Results: In the first phase, 23 eligible studies were included in the systematic review, and 138 related data elements were extracted. In the second phase, four data elements were removed, and 16 data elements were suggested by experts in the focus group discussions. In the third phase, the average CVR and CVI for the questionnaire were 0.92 and 0.98, respectively. In addition, Cronbach's alpha and ICC values were calculated to be 0.98 and 0.89, respectively. In the third phase, 145 data elements were developed during two rounds of the Delphi technique. The MDS was divided into administrative and clinical data categories with 42 and 103 elements, respectively. The administrative data contained demographic, health-care provider, admission, and discharge data, while the clinical data contained general and physical assessment data and outcome measurement tools.

Conclusion: The proposed MDS can serve as a standardized tool for collecting uniform data across centers that provide physical therapy services. This MDS enables health-care providers, managers, and decision-makers to evaluate the effectiveness of physical therapy interventions, develop guidelines, assess the performance of physical therapists, and conduct clinical research, thereby enhancing the overall quality of physical therapy services.

Background: Anemia constitutes a significant health issue in India. Inadequate nutritional knowledge and education are the major contributing factors to anemia. The objective of the study is to assess the effects of a comprehensive nutritional education intervention.

Materials and methods: An experimental study was conducted on 400 reproductive-aged women in Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu. The intervention included group education sessions, distribution of iron-folic acid (IFA) supplements, cooking demonstrations, and home visits. The participants received nutrition education and counseling for 6 months. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and paired tests.

Results: Sociodemographically, the majority were aged 36-45 years, married (86%), and lived in nuclear families (96.3%). Knowledge scores significantly improved across all domains postintervention, including general awareness (5.4 ± 1.44 to 8.3 ± 0.54), symptom recognition (6.5 ± 1.86 to 8.5 ± 0.60), and dietary practices (6.5 ± 1.43 to 9.1 ± 0.56; P < 0.001). Biomarker analysis revealed significant increases in hemoglobin (10.16 ± 1.30 to 12.74 ± 1.41, P = 0.004), RBC count (4.04 ± 4.52 to 5.50 ± 5.40, P < 0.001), ferritin (27.10 ± 18.64 to 61.29 ± 41.84, P = 0.049), and folate (7.5 ± 11.42 to 14.08 ± 7.39, P = 0.033).

Conclusion: These results demonstrate the effectiveness of the intervention in enhancing knowledge and improving hematological and nutritional parameters, providing a promising strategy for combating anemia in at-risk populations.

Background: Correct patient handover by nurses is important. Failure to follow a standard procedure results clinical errors. This study aimed to determine the effect of structured patient handover based on the SBAR (Situation, Background, Assessment, and Recommendation) model on the incidence of clinical errors by nurses in the emergency department (ED).

Materials and methods: A quasiexperimental, single-group, before-after study was conducted in an ED in Ayatollah Kashni hospital (Isfahan, Iran). For 3 months, errors were collected by checklist. Then the SBAR model was taught to nurses to use it during handover. Postintervention errors were collected using the checklist and subsequently analyzed.

Results: The total number of errors decreased from 102 to 25 after the intervention (P < 0.0001; 95% CI). The intervention significantly reduced laboratory, care, and handover errors (P < 0.0001; 95% CI). The frequency of clinical errors was statistically associated with shift and error severity (P < 0.05).

Conclusion: Using the SBAR handover model significantly reduced clinical errors in the ED. Then, it is recommended that this standard method be used during patient handover to improve safety in EDs.

Background: Effective physician-patient communication is essential for patient satisfaction, treatment adherence, and overall healthcare outcomes. In culturally diverse settings like Saudi Arabia, communication skills are crucial for patient-centered care. Studies indicate that poor communication leads to mistrust, lower satisfaction, and poorer health outcomes. To address this, the Enhancing Physician Communication Skills (EPCS) program was introduced at King Fahad Medical City (KFMC) to improve physician communication. This study assesses its impact on patient satisfaction using a cross-sectional design.

Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at KFMC and outpatient clinics in the Second Central Health Cluster. Data were collected from 1,959 patients across two phases: pre-intervention (March-May 2022) and post-intervention (September-November 2023). Patients were stratified by age, gender, and health conditions to minimize confounding factors. Patient satisfaction was assessed using a modified CGCAHPS survey, translated into Arabic. A difference-in-differences regression model was applied to compare satisfaction metrics between intervention and control groups.

Results: The intervention group exhibited significant improvements: listening skills increased by 6.2% (P = 0.04), clarity of explanations by 7.3% (P = 0.02), overall satisfaction by 7.9%, and the likelihood of recommending the facility by 6.8%. Minimal changes were observed in the control group.

Conclusion: The EPCS program effectively enhanced physician-patient communication, leading to higher satisfaction. These findings highlight the importance of integrating communication training into continuous medical education and healthcare policies, especially in culturally diverse settings.

This study investigates persistent musculoskeletal symptoms in COVID-19 survivors, exploring their association with age, gender, corticosteroid use, and CRP levels. The goal was to assess muscle stiffness in hospitalized COVID-19 patients at 1 and 3 months post discharge. In this cohort study, 349 patients hospitalized from March 2022 to March 2023 were included. Musculoskeletal symptoms, including myalgia, arthralgia, back pain, neck pain, neuropathic pain, and fatigue, were assessed 1 and 3 months after discharge. During the 3-month follow-up, 20.1% of patients experienced at least one episode of musculoskeletal pain or fatigue. In the first month, fatigue (14%) and myalgia (7%) were the most common, while after 3 months, fatigue (2%) and myalgia (1.7%) remained the most prevalent. This study concludes that many COVID-19 survivors continue to experience musculoskeletal symptoms, particularly fatigue and muscle and joint pain, which may persist for months but gradually decrease over time. To improve recovery, an educational program should include guided physiotherapy, instructional videos on stretching and strengthening exercises, pain management workshops, and nutritional guidance. Integrating patient education into follow-up visits and providing digital resources, such as mobile apps or online platforms, could enhance self-management and long-term outcomes.

Background: Domestic violence is a serious and pervasive issue that affects individuals, families, and communities. To effectively address this problem, it is crucial to understand the factors that influence attitudes toward domestic violence. These factors can include cultural norms, societal beliefs about gender roles, personal experiences with violence, and access to resources and support. The aim is to study the factors affecting attitudes toward domestic violence and find the statistical relationships.

Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to Identifying factors influencing attitudes toward domestic violence in Iraq. A sample of 1120 participants was selected for this study. The researchers used sample collection by a snowball, which was conducted at the Google form link in Iraq. The researcher used statistics tests (One-Way Analysis of Variance).

Results: 25% of the sample have been subjected to domestic violence, and about 7% of males have also been subjected to violence. There was a statistically significant relationship between gender (0,000), marital status (0,001), and occupation status (0,000).

Conclusion: In this study, it was found that part of the sample had been exposed to domestic violence, especially men, and it was also found that the most influential factors are the factors related to gender and that there is a relationship between gender, marital status, and occupation status.

Background: The lengthy and multi-stage nature of assisted reproductive technology (ART) can impose financial and social burdens on couples while also affecting their psychological well-being. Mindfulness-based stress reduction techniques help individuals cope effectively and cultivate inner calm. Additionally, lifestyle choices can impact fertility outcomes. In this study, we investigated the effects of mindfulness and health-promoting lifestyles on in vitro fertilization outcomes in infertile couples.

Materials and methods: We conducted a randomized controlled clinical trial involving 300 infertile couples who were candidates for ART. The block randomization method randomly assigned participants to the intervention or control groups. The intervention group received an educational program of eight weeks of face-to-face interactive sessions supplemented by social media support. The control group received standard care. We compared the number of clinical pregnancies, health-promoting lifestyle scores, and anxiety levels between the two groups using Chi-square tests and independent t-tests.

Results: The clinical pregnancy rate in the intervention group (39.3%) was significantly higher than that in the control group (22%) (P < 0.001). After the intervention, the mean health-promoting lifestyle scores were significantly higher in the intervention group compared to the control group (P < 0.001). Additionally, anxiety scores were significantly lower in the intervention group (P < 0.001).

Conclusion: Simultaneously improving lifestyle choices, cultivating awareness of body and soul, and maintaining a non-prejudiced attitude toward the environment can lead to better outcomes in achieving the desire for a child.

Background: The health science education landscape has evolved to recognize the importance of community engagement in advancing educational outcomes. This study sought to explore how community engagement has been integrated into health science education and its benefits for students in the Western Cape.

Materials and methods: Two samples of academics were recruited: those from emergency medical care (EMC) departments specifically and academics with community engagement experience in health sciences. Sample 1 consisted of 16 EMC academics, while sample 2 comprised of 13 academics from health sciences. Data was gathered using two focus group discussions with sample 1 and in-depth interviews with sample 2.

Results: Four broad themes emerged: student preparedness for community engagement, pathways to engagement, assessment of projects, and benefits of the engaged experience.

Conclusion: The study highlighted ways to prepare students for engagement and integrate these experiences into the classroom context, thereby enhancing the value of learning about social and health issues. It found that creating assessments around engaged experiences can entrench community engagement in EMC education, enriching students with opportunities to work collaboratively with disadvantaged communities.

[This corrects the article on p. 91 in vol. 14, PMID: 40271266.].

Background: This study aimed to evaluate cardiac nurses' knowledge of clinical guidelines for perioperative care in cardiac surgery and barriers to adherence.

Materials and methods: From July to December 2021, a cross-sectional survey was carried out using a purposive sampling consisting of 177 nurses working in cardiac surgical units in three different tertiary hospitals (Oman). A self-administered questionnaire, consisting of 23 multiple-choice questions, in addition to demographics and identification of barriers to adherence, was collected.

Results: The response rate for the survey was 98%. Most nurses were females (89.3%) and non-Omani (82.5%). In addition, 53.7% earned a bachelor's degree, and 68.9% had over 12 years of Oman experience in the cardiac surgical units. Overall, the respondents' knowledge of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) guidelines was low, with a mean of 8.16 (SD = 2.58). There were no differences in the mean scores based on demographic data. Shortage of nurses and over workload were the most common reasons for not seeking knowledge on guideline updates. Lack of training, unfamiliarity with guidelines, and lack of policy were also barriers. Nationality was the only determinant in the regression table (B = 1.21, P = .032).

Conclusion: Nurses' overall knowledge of ERAS guidelines was low. Establishing a protocol for safe practice is vital for quality and safe care delivery to patients. Nurses have a professional responsibility to be involved in the initiation and implementation of evidence-based practices. Nurses must be empowered by adequate training, the use of internal protocols, and continuing educational programs.