Journal of Education and Health Promotion最新文献

The healing response is a complex and multiform procedure that involves many physical and symbolic interactions and synchronizations. In the clinical research model, certain factors are abstracted during which contextual elements, such as placebo responses and communicative factors, are excluded to reveal the pieces of evidence that are necessary for the mass production of clinical materials and methods. On the other side, clinical practice is a singular and chaotic communicative action in which we should include contextual and discursive factors for prompting proper biological as well as behavioral responses. Placebo responses, personal history and attitudes, and clinical relationships and communication are some of the contextual and individual factors that can be changed effectively if we can communicate with the symbolic and reflective matrices of clinical practice. In this article, the author introduces a biosemiotic formula for healing responses that include symbolic and reflective factors of healing response aligned with the related biological procedures. Not only are psychological interventions beneficial in mental health problems and symptom control but they could also be used as co-treatments to reinforce placebo responses and improve illness behavior and treatment narratives.

Background: The higher prevalence of hookah tobacco smoking (HTS) has become worrisome in women. Thus, it is essential to identify and measure the perceptions associated with this unhealthy behavior as well as the type of response to risk messages to design the effective programs. This study aimed to psychometric evaluation of a new instrument, named the Extended Parallel Process Model-Hookah Tobacco Smoking Questionnaire (EPPM-HTSQ), for female university students.

Material and methods: This methodological study was conducted in 2019-2020 in central and western Iran. The first version of the instrument was developed with 97 items. Face, Content, and construct validity methods were used to assess the EPPM-HTSQ validity. The data viability for factorability was guided through Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) measure of sample adequacy (Values >0.7) and Bartlett's test of Sphericity (P < 0.05). The Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) method with varimax rotation and SPSS software was performed to identify the main factors of the questionnaire and interpretable factors. The internal consistency and external reliability were determined. The test-retest was used for evaluating the stability of tools.

Results: During the assessment of the face and content validity 71 items remained in the questionnaire. EFA led to the extraction of nine dimensions: "Focusing on superior rewards," "Response Efficacy," "Perceived physical threat," "Perceived social threat," "Self-efficacy," "Fear control," "Attitude," "Fear," and "Intention" Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) test (0.957) and Bartlett's test (P < 0.001). Cronbach's alpha (0.871-0.951) and ICC (0.985-0.998) were approved for scale dimensions.

Conclusion: Important findings of the present study were the development and validation of the EPPM-HTSQ for measuring EPPM variables in relation to HTS; introducing a new variable "focusing on superior rewards"; as well as, the new classification of the concept of "perceived threat." The final version of the EPPM-HTSQ is a valid and reliable tool, but it is suggested to be re-evaluated in other studies with different populations and sample sizes.

Background: Out-of-pocket medical expenses are a crucial metric for assessing how well the healthcare system is working toward obtaining universal health coverage in any country. In India, out-of-pocket expenses for health are relatively high compared to other developed countries due to a lack of alternative finance arrangements. The disparity in out-of-pocket medical expenses largely depends upon the public health expenditure, government policies, and level of health insurance coverage.

Materials and methods: The study used a logit regression model to examine the association of the status of health insurance with socio and demographic variables using National Sample Survey 2018 data. The objective of the study is to analyze the impact of demographic variables on the status of health insurance in India.

Results: This research found that education and occupation have a significant impact on the status of health insurance, among other demographic factors.

Conclusion: These findings underscore the importance of targeted policies and interventions aimed at improving access to health insurance among specific demographic groups. Addressing disparities in health insurance coverage based on educational and occupational factors is essential for achieving equitable healthcare access and improved health outcomes in the country. Increasing awareness of health insurance reduces out-of-pocket medical expenses and subsequently brings down economic poverty.

Background: The role of emotional intelligence and learning motivation in shaping university students' academic outcomes has received greater attention, especially during the modernization era. Thus, this study investigates the mediating role of emotional intelligence in the relationship between learning motivation and academic outcomes while examining the gender-conditional indirect effect.

Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in four randomly chosen cities in Saudi Arabia (Riyadh, Jeddah, Hail, and Yanbu), where 400 health science students were conveniently selected using equal allocation (100 students/campus). A digital survey was used for data collection (April-May 2022) containing three sections: Personal Characteristics and Academic Outcomes, Modified Schutte Self-Report Inventory, and Academic Motivation Scale.

Results: Emotional intelligence positively correlated with learning motivation (r = 0.525, P < 0.001) and academic outcomes (r = 0.153, P < 0.001), where academic outcomes had a weak positive correlation with learning motivation (r = 0.115, P = 0.014). Mediation analysis confirmed that emotional intelligence fully mediates the relationship between learning motivation and academic outcomes with an insignificant direct effect of learning motivation on academic outcomes [(β =0.049, P = 0.573), 95% CI (-0.059, 0.144)]. The conditional indirect effect of gender significantly moderated 16.1% of the mediating effect of emotional intelligence [(β =0.161, P = 0.005), 95% CI (0.035, 0.273)]. The significant indirect effect was proved for the male gender only [(β = 0.157, P = 0.004), 95% CI (0.072, 0.240)]. No significant gender differences concerning emotional intelligence (P = 0.534) and academic outcomes (P = 0.466) were detected. However, male students had significantly higher learning motivation than female students (P < 0.001).

Conclusion: Emotional intelligence completely mediates the relationship between learning motivation and outcomes with a stronger mediating effect for male students. Thus, policymakers must focus on improving the students' emotional intelligence skills to boost their learning motivation and academic outcomes.

In India, single-parent families are proliferating. In particular, women are taking the lead in assuming the role. They are the most vulnerable of all the disadvantaged groups. Due to an absence of financial and social support, single mothers endure a great deal of emotional strain. So, the aim of the study is to investigate the various psychosocial factors that influence the well-being of single mothers. Additionally, this research seeks to assess the coping strategies employed by single mothers. This article reviews 80 studies on psychosocial concerns faced by single mothers, focusing on mental health, challenges, and social support. It cites 71 publications from 80 sources from Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed, between 1980 and 2023. The study used keywords as a search strategy such as "single mother," "mental health," "challenges," and "social support." The results showed that the absence of financial resources, education, and social support had a negative impact on the emotional and social well-being of single mothers. Children of single mothers are more likely to struggle with addictions like alcoholism, tobacco use, delinquency, hazardous sexual behavior, and even suicidal thoughts due to dysfunctional parenting. As a result, single mothers use their religious convictions, support networks, and social networks as coping mechanisms. The study implies that premarital counseling and health education are essential for young couples to prevent family disintegration in the event of divorce and separation. To provide assistance and improve the overall quality of life for this vulnerable population, collaboration between government and nongovernment organizations is necessary.

Background: Self-efficacy is task-specific, and Professional self-efficacy has been introduced as a factor affecting providing quality nursing care. This study aimed to determine the effects of training the nursing process using the concept map on the caring self-efficacy of nursing students in pediatric departments.

Material and methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 82 undergraduate nursing students in the second semester of 2021-2022 with a design of two groups before and after training. The samples were selected by census and divided into two experimental and control groups by simple random allocation. The data collection tool was Nursing Caring Self-Efficacy Scale in pediatric departments. The students of two groups in the pediatrics course were trained in the nursing process for nine sessions in three weeks using the concept map. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics (frequency and percentage, mean and standard deviation) and inferential tests (Wilcoxon, Mann-Whitney, exact Fisher's) using SPSS 23.

Results: The study results showed no statistical difference between the two groups of students regarding demographic information and pre-test scores. The concept map group's post-test score of caring self-efficacy increased significantly compared to the pre-test (P < 0.001). The comparison of the post-test scores in the groups showed that the caring self-efficacy score in the intervention group of students was significantly higher than the control group (P = 0.014).

Conclusion: According to the study results, it is suggested instructors use the concept map as a metacognitive intervention has increased the caring self-efficacy of nursing students in pediatric departments, which will lead to more accurate performance of nursing students in the future.

Background: Specialist nurses need to have an accurate understanding of colostomy care-related concepts to provide care. Although patients with different types of ostomy have different types of needs, terms such as ostomy care, colostomy care, and ileostomy nursing are interchangeably used. Moreover, there are limited concept analysis studies into the concept of colostomy nursing care (CNC) in ostomy care centers (OCCs). The aim of this study was to analyze and clarify the concept of CNC in outpatient OCCs.

Methods and material: This was a concept analysis study. This concept analysis was conducted using Walker and Avant's eight-step method. The online databases were searched until 2022 to retrieve documents on CNC. Finally, 35 articles and four books were included in the analysis, the defining attributes, antecedents, and consequences of the concepts were determined, and model and additional cases as well as empirical referents were presented.

Results: The defining attributes of CNC in OCCs are the development of professional role, participatory practice and interdisciplinary care, selection of the best clinical procedures, care based on patient education, and patient rehabilitation. The antecedents of the concept are nurse-related antecedents, patient- and family-related antecedents, environmental antecedents, and professional rules and regulations. Its consequences are patients' and families' greater care-related knowledge, improvement of nurses' care quality, patient autonomy, and self-efficacy.

Conclusion: The concept of CNC in OCCs can be defined as "a continuous and coherent care based on knowledge, skill, expertise, experience, and colostomy type which uses interdisciplinary collaboration and the best available evidence in order to select and provide the best services according to patients' and families' culture and background, fulfill patients' physical, mental, sexual, social, and spiritual needs, and timely refer patients to specialists, with the ultimate goal of improving patient autonomy and facilitating their return to normal life."

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a glucose intolerance that shows its first onset during pregnancy. In India, GDM affects as many as 5 million women annually. The interprofessional collaborative educational intervention is crucial for GDM management. This study illustrates the collaborative effort in developing and validating an interprofessional health education module designed for healthcare professionals during consultation sessions with GDM patients.

Materials and methods: The investigation involved three stages: 1) needs assessment for module contents and objectives, 2) health education module development by an interprofessional team, and 3) module validation. We received ethics approval from the institution's ethics committee.

Results: The interprofessional team developed and validated the evidence-based English-printed module. The module had 27 units and covered six topics: an introduction to GDM and its management, dietary recommendations for GDM, exercise, yoga recommendations for GDM, weight control, and postpartum care.

Conclusion: The interprofessional team developed the educational module, wherein there is an integration of the domains of exercise and yoga along with medicines and nutrition therapy. The module was developed based on local requirements and evidence-based practices. Healthcare professionals can use the interprofessional health education module when advising diabetic pregnant patients.

Background: Teaching epidemiology to young medical students using traditional teaching techniques is fraught with myriad challenges. Incorporating innovative small group teaching (SGT) approaches that promote active learning, practical application, and critical thinking can help in overcoming these challenges.

Aim/objective: To identify the most effective SGT method from selected three approaches [tutorial technique (TT), problem-based learning (PBL), and fishbowl technique (FBT)] to teach the basic concepts of epidemiology to the third-year undergraduate medical students of a private medical college in Puducherry, Southern India.

Materials and methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted among third-year undergraduate medical students for 6 months. The sample size was calculated to be 60 using the nMaster 2.0 sample size software. Three groups were formed with 20 students each. A pre-test, which included fifty multiple-choice questions covering topic one, was conducted for students in all three groups. An SGT session on topic one (dynamics of disease transmission) was held on the same day by different facilitators for three groups A, B, and C using the TT, PBL, and FBT, respectively. After 6 weeks of the SGT session for topic one, a post-test using the same questions was organized for all three groups to identify the effectiveness of each SGT method. The above sequence of events was followed for topic two (study designs) and topic three (investigation of disease outbreak) among all groups in the subsequent months. A written informed consent was sought from all students. The collected data was entered in MS Excel 2010 and analyzed using SPSS 21. The pre- and post-tests for all topics in all three groups were compared using a paired t-test, and an ANOVA test was used to find any difference between the groups.

Results: The mean post-test score in each of the three groups for all topics had improved when compared with the mean pre-test score, which was significantly different between the three groups. Further, the mean score of group B (PBL group) was found to be higher than group C (FBT) but not significantly higher compared to group A (TT). The mean score of the feedback where the participants were asked to rate the overall session was found to be high in group B (PBL) followed by group A (TT).

Conclusion: PBL and TT were found to be an equally effective way of small group methods for teaching-learning epidemiology in medical school.