Journal of Education and Health Promotion最新文献

Background: An alternative form of tobacco consumption, especially in the south of Iran, is waterpipe smoking. Hormozgan province ranks third in smoking waterpipe in Iran. The present study aimed to explore the causes of waterpipe smoking among men in Bandar Abbas, the largest city and the capital of Hormozgan province in southern Iran.

Materials and methods: The present qualitative research was conducted on 76 male waterpipe smokers at a waterpipe smoking cafe on the coast of Bandar Abbas. The data were collected through in-depth and semi-structured interviews. The sampling continued until data saturation. The extracted data were analyzed through a content analysis.

Results: After the content analysis, 12 categories of reasons were extracted for waterpipe smoking. These categories were personal reasons, familial reasons, friends, physical reasons, psychological reasons, economic reasons, cultural reasons, positive attitude towards waterpipe, unemployment, geographical conditions, despair and freedom from daily life, easy access and abundant supply of waterpipe. The most prominent categories were physical and psychological factors followed by easy access and large supply of waterpipe on the coast of Bandar Abbas.

Conclusion: The present study showed a strong need for preventive interventions in waterpipe smoking in the southern city of Bandar Abbas. Long-term interventions can significantly reduce the rate of waterpipe and tobacco consumption. They may aim to improve the health literacy of community members, and cultural reform of waterpipe smoking among people. It is incumbent on provincial policy makers and health decision makers to make short-term interventions too. For example, they can legally prohibit selling waterpipe on the beach, selling tobacco products on the coastal line, and increase modern and easily available, affordable and healthy entertainment.

Background: Blood transfusions are vital in medical practice, especially during surgeries and anesthesia. However, carry significant risks, mainly due to human error. In Iran, many blood transfusions are performed during surgery every year. This study evaluates the effectiveness of a multifactorial educational intervention in enhancing blood transfusion safety among anesthesia technologists.

Materials and methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted with 80 anesthesia technologists from Rasoul Akram and Firouzgar medical centers, divided into control (40) and intervention (40) groups. The intervention group received a 30-day educational program including educational materials such as booklets, posters, pamphlets, and a safe blood transfusion checklist. Data were collected via a self-assessment questionnaire before and after the intervention and analyzed using SPSS software (v. 27).

Results: The baseline evaluation showed no significant difference in knowledge and adherence to safe blood transfusion protocols between groups (P = 0.129). Performance levels were classified as follows: good (75-100%), moderate (50-74%), and poor (<50%). Overall, The performance of anesthesia technologist regarding their adherence to safe blood transfusion standards was evaluated as moderate. The intervention significantly improved the compliance scores in the intervention group by 9.25 points compared to before the intervention (P < 0.001), which indicates the statistically significant effectiveness of the training program.

Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study the multifaceted educational intervention improved knowledge and adherence to safe transfusion protocols among anesthesia technologists. These findings highlight the role of structured training in enhancing patient safety in anesthesia.

Background: Verbal abuse is a pervasive yet underrecognized form of emotional maltreatment among adolescents, with significant psychological consequences. Despite its prevalence, a validated instrument for measuring verbal abuse among Indonesian adolescents remains unavailable. This study aimed to develop and validate the Indonesian Verbal Abuse Questionnaire (I-VAQ) using Rasch analysis to ensure its psychometric robustness and cultural relevance.

Materials and methods: A total of 1,197 junior high school students from three schools in Palangka Raya, Indonesia, participated in this study. The I-VAQ was adapted from the original Verbal Abuse Questionnaire (VAQ) and underwent a rigorous translation, cultural adaptation, and validation process. Data were analyzed using Winsteps Version 5.1.5.1 (Linacre, J.M., Winsteps® Rasch measurement computer program, Winsteps.com, Beaverton, Oregon, USA), employing Rasch modeling to assess item fit, unidimensionality, person-item reliability, and separation indices.

Results: The 14-item I-VAQ demonstrated strong construct validity and internal reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.92). Item and person reliability were 0.99 and 0.84, respectively, indicating high measurement precision. The Wright map confirmed the instrument's ability to differentiate individuals based on their exposure to verbal abuse. The I-VAQ effectively captured multiple dimensions of verbal abuse, including teasing, insults, threats, and diminished self-esteem, making it an effective screening tool for Indonesian adolescents.

Conclusion: The I-VAQ is a psychometrically sound and culturally appropriate instrument for measuring verbal abuse among adolescents. This validated tool provides valuable insights for educators, psychologists, and policymakers, supporting the development of targeted intervention programs and mental health policies. Future research should explore the I-VAQ's applicability across different socioeconomic and cultural settings in Indonesia and beyond.

Background: Blood transfusion is a vital procedure in medical care, particularly in obstetrics and emergency settings, where strict adherence to protocols is necessary to prevent serious complications. Ensuring midwives and nurses are well trained in critical nursing responsibilities during blood transfusion is essential for enhancing patient safety and healthcare outcomes.

Materials and methods: This study employed a randomized controlled trial design to evaluate the impact of a targeted training program on the knowledge and skills of 45 midwives and nurses at Nasser Medical Hospital, Palestine. Participants were randomly selected and underwent training focused on patient identification, blood product verification, and risk management. Data on knowledge levels were collected using structured questionnaires before and after the intervention. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS, including paired t-tests.

Results: Demographic analysis revealed that the majority of participants were female (84.4%), were married (84.4%), and held Bachelor's degrees (77.8%). The overall knowledge score for nursing responsibilities during blood transfusion significantly increased from 79.00 ± 10.8 before the training to 96.32 ± 3.71 after the training (t = 10.523, P < 0.001, 95% CI = 14.00-20.63).

Conclusion: The targeted training program significantly improved the knowledge and skills of midwives and nurses in blood transfusion practices. This improvement underscores the program's effectiveness in addressing critical knowledge gaps, enhancing adherence to safety protocols, and contributing to safer healthcare delivery and improved patient outcomes.

Background: Effective communication is critical for ensuring patient safety, enhancing outcomes, and reducing healthcare costs. Recognizing that communication skills are influenced by both inherent ability and structured training, a communication skills workshop was conducted to evaluate its effectiveness in enhancing nurses' knowledge and communication competencies and to gather insights for future improvements.

Materials and methods: An interventional pre-post single-arm study was conducted in February 2019 at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi. A convenience sampling technique was used, enrolling 140 nurses from various departments. A hybrid teaching-learning approach consisting of four modules-overcoming communication barriers, empathy and compassion in patient care, breaking bad news, and communication's role in patient safety-was employed. Effectiveness was assessed through pre- and post-training tests and structured feedback forms. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, paired t-tests, and Pearson's correlation tests using SPSS-16.

Results: There was a significant improvement in nurses' communication knowledge and skills from pre-test (mean = 13.217 ± 2.91) to post-test (mean = 15.065 ± 2.87; P < 0.05). More than 95% of participants rated the workshop as very good or excellent, and all participants agreed that the workshop objectives were met.

Conclusion: The communication workshop was effective in enhancing the knowledge and information of the participating nurses. Based on these findings, it is proposed to integrate regular, interactive, and extended training sessions into the continuing education programs for nurses. These modifications are expected to further improve communication practices and ultimately enhance patient care outcomes.

Background: Mindfulness and Yoga practices are well-established interventions for enhancing adolescent well-being. This study aimed to design, validate, and evaluate a Mindful Yoga and Meditation (MYM) intervention module tailored for adolescents.

Materials and methods: The study was conducted in two phases. In Phase I, formative research using a qualitative approach was conducted to explore the needs, barriers, and facilitators for integrating mindfulness practices. Data were collected through in-depth interviews (n = 21) and focus group discussions (n = 8) with key stakeholders. Insights from the data, expert feedback, and literature review informed the development of the module, with content validity established using Lawshe's content validity ratio (n = 9 experts). Phase II involved a pilot study among high school students (n = 18) in a government school in Udupi district, Karnataka, India, in July 2024. Participants were recruited through purposive sampling. Standardized tools were used to measure the psychological distress (K10), emotion regulation (ERQ-CA), mindfulness (CAMM), and well-being (WHO-5). Thematic analysis was applied to qualitative data, while paired t-tests/Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used for quantitative analysis.

Results: The results revealed significant reductions in psychological distress and emotional suppression and improvements in mindfulness, emotion regulation, and well-being.

Conclusion: The validated MYM module is a feasible school-based intervention for fostering adolescent well-being and emotional regulation by addressing their developmental needs through activity-based mindfulness and yoga practices.

Background: Comprehensive nurse-led rehabilitation programs to enhance the recovery and quality of life of women after mastectomy are well established in developed countries. Despite the increasing burden of breast cancer, access to structured post-mastectomy rehabilitation remains limited in many low-resource settings. Nurse-led programs have the potential to ensure timely intervention, enhance patient adherence, and reduce the long-term complications associated with mastectomy. This study aimed to assess the feasibility, safety, acceptability, and effectiveness of a nurse-led comprehensive rehabilitation program for women after mastectomy.

Materials and methods: This was a non-randomized, parallel-group quasi-experimental trial (1:1 allocation ratio) conducted among ten (five each in the experimental and control groups) women who had undergone breast surgery and were recruited using a purposive sampling technique from a tertiary care hospital in India. Women in the experimental group underwent a comprehensive rehabilitation program that included supervised physical therapy, educational strategies, multimedia instructional packages, and standard care. The primary outcomes of feasibility, safety, and acceptability were assessed by the recruitment rate, missing data from questionnaires, follow-up response rates, rate of serious adverse events, dropout rate, and adherence rate. Secondary outcomes were measured in terms of muscle strength, range of motion (ROM), and health-related quality of life. Quantitative analyses including descriptive and inferential statistics were performed. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26 was used for statistical analyses.

Results: This study demonstrated the feasibility, safety, and acceptability of a nurse-led, comprehensive rehabilitation program. All approached women consented to participate (100% consent rate), and no participants dropped out. Serious adverse events were not observed. The adherence rate in the intervention group was 85%. Significant improvements were observed in the ROM (P < 0.05) and health-related quality of life (P < 0.05) in the experimental group compared with those in the control group. However, no statistically significant improvement in muscle strength was observed between groups.

Conclusions: A nurse-led comprehensive rehabilitation program for women after mastectomy is a feasible, safe, and acceptable intervention that can enhance recovery outcomes in resource-limited settings. This study provides foundational evidence supporting the integration of nurse-led rehabilitation programs into standard post-mastectomy care. Future large-scale trials are recommended to validate these findings and optimize intervention strategies for widespread implementation.

Background: Nursing is recognized as a highly demanding profession, often leading to psychological issues such as stress, anxiety, hopelessness, and depression. Social capital, defined as the network of relationships and social trust among individuals and groups, can influence interactions with organizations and social institutions, potentially affecting mood disorders. This study aims to explore the relationship between social capital, anxiety, and depression among nurses in private and public sectors in Isfahan city in 2022.

Materials and methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 2022, including nurses from both private and public hospitals in Isfahan. A total sample of 350 nurses, with 110 from private and 240 from public hospitals, were participated. Data collection instruments included demographic forms, Putnam's Social Capital Questionnaire, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 20, employing descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, independent t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, and ordinal logistic regression.

Results: The findings revealed no significant difference in anxiety and depression levels between nurses in private and public hospitals (P > 0.05). However, cognitive social capital was significantly associated with depression (P < 0.05), where higher cognitive component scores were linked to a reduced likelihood of anxiety at lower levels. Additionally, the extra group social capital component was significantly correlated with anxiety (P < 0.05), with higher extra group scores associated with a lower likelihood of depression at lower levels.

Conclusion: Improving social capital components, such as cognitive and extra group social capital, could potentially help reduce anxiety and depression among nurses. Integrating social capital development into nursing management and training practices may offer a beneficial strategy for mental health support.

Background: Computer vision syndrome (CVS) may significantly impact the academic performance and well-being of students. We aimed to determine the prevalence of CVS and its associated factors among university students.

Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among university students in Saudi Arabia. Data were collected through an electronic tool, including the validated Computer Vision Syndrome Questionnaire (CVS-Q). Descriptive and inferential analyses were conducted. Multiple logistic regression was employed to identify predictors of CVS.

Results: Of the 458 participants, 234 (51.1%) met the criteria for CVS. Female gender (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 2.13 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.32-3.45), P = 0.002), refractive errors (aOR = 1.84, 95% CI: 1.20-2.83, P = 0.005), and daily screen time exceeding 6 h (aOR = 2.28, 95% CI: 1.47-3.54, P < 0.001) were significant predictors of CVS. No significant associations were found for protective measures, such as taking eye rests or adjusting screen contrast. The use of artificial tears was associated with a higher prevalence of CVS in univariate analysis (crude odds ratio = 1.80, 95% CI: 1.24-2.61, P = 0.002). Around 40% of students reported being aware of what CVS is, with social media being the most common source of information (52.3%).

Conclusion: Excessive screen time, female gender, and refractive errors are significant predictors of CVS among university students. Interventions should prioritize reducing screen exposure and promoting regular eye checkups to mitigate CVS and its adverse effects.

Background: Since surgery is a stressful event for many people and today many studies have indicated effectiveness of perception of God in internalizing emotions, the present study aims at Evaluation of the effect of logotherapy on perception of God, locus of control, and anxiety in patient candidates for open heart surgery referred to Tehran Heart Center.

Materials and methods: This semiexperimental study was conducted on 60 patient candidates (30 controls, 30 patients) for cardiac surgery. Data were collected using Beck's anxiety questionnaire, image of God, and Wiener reconstruction scale. In the patient group, in addition to drug therapy, people received two sessions of group discussion and training in problem solving methods based on spiritual skills in a behavioral-cognitive manner with an emphasis on Islamic ideas, while in the control group, they only received medicine. After collecting the data, they were entered into SPSS18 and analyzed with the help of descriptive and analytical statistics.

Results: Data analysis showed that perception of God has a positive correlation with locus of control (r = 723 **), but locus of control showed a negative correlation with emotion score (r = -597**). The results also indicated that the mean scores of anxieties in the case group in the post-test and follow-up phases were significantly different from before the intervention compared to the control group (P = 0.0001). Besides, the analysis showed that there was a significant difference between the mean scores of the locus of control and the mean of subscales of perception of God (influence, divine providence, acceptance, presence, challenge, benevolence) in the case and control groups in the follow-up phase (P = 0.0001).

Conclusion: Design and implementation of group logotherapy can be an effective approach to reduce presurgery anxiety and increase the locus of internal control and subscales of perception of God.