Journal of Education and Health Promotion最新文献

Background: Food handlers can serve as a medium for potential foodborne infections through contaminated hands, posing a public health hazard. Poor handwashing practices among them can be a source of foodborne illnesses through cross-contamination. Health education intervention using multiple channels is one of the most effective tools for improving hand hygiene behavior.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the change in hand hygiene knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) among study participants following the implementation of a health education intervention package.

Materials and methods: A before-and-after intervention study on 111 food handlers of food establishments in a tertiary care hospital in Delhi was conducted in 2021-2022. A tool was prepared with a scoring system to rate the hand hygiene KAP of food handlers. Health education was given to all, and scores on the same tool were reassessed after 8 weeks using an interview schedule and observational checklist based on the World Health Organization (WHO)'s five keys and Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) guidelines. The intervention package included a health talk, audiovisual aids, and a demonstration of handwashing steps.

Results: The mean scores of hand hygiene KAP improved significantly after the intervention with a difference of 5.24 ± 0.95 (P = 0.02), 3.14 ± 0.42 (P = 0.03), and 4.18 ± 1.97 (P = 0.03) out of total scores of 7, 5, and 15, respectively, with maximum improvement seen in practices of a duration of handwashing >20 seconds improving from 6.3% to 81.1% (P < 0.05) after the intervention and least improvement in use of towel or napkin to turn off tap improving from 2.7% to 4.5% after the intervention, respectively.

Conclusions: The study findings conclude that handwashing with soap and water and following the steps of handwashing are one of the most important practices to improve hand hygiene practices. It emphasizes the need to ensure the implementation of the existing guidelines for food establishments strictly in medical institutions. Thus, education on hand hygiene using a combination of channels in medical institutions should be meticulously planned and held at regular intervals to achieve the desired change.

Value-based payment is among payment models rewarding health care providers for achieving pre-defined targets of quality or efficiency measures of care. This paper aims to identify the evidence of the effectiveness of value-based payment schemes implemented in hospital settings. A systematic review of databases for studies published from 2000 to 2022 that evaluated VBP programs was conducted. We searched four databases including PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Sciences in July 2023. Studies were screened and assessed for eligibility. A thematic analysis approach was used to synthesize and summarize the findings. Overall, 29 articles looking into the VBP programs have been included. Most articles describe the effects on the outcome of care (n = 18). The findings of a great deal of evidence in this field show that VBP is not correlated with some outcome measures including hospital-acquired conditions, 30-day mortality, mortality trends, as well as mortality among patients with acute myocardial infarction or heart failure. Only three of 12 studies have revealed a positive relationship between a P4P program and efficiency. Seven studies from the United States (US) found no evidence or mixed findings on the effects of P4P on efficiency. The magnitude of the effects of VBP on healthcare quality, patient experience, and costs has often been small and non-significant. The unintended negative impact of incentives in value-based payment on hospitals should be tackled when adopting policies and decisions.

Background: Maintaining and improving infant health and continuing care at home are very important for the health system. According to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and its effects on the health system capacity and medical staff's physical-mental health, this study investigated the health staff's attitude on the implementation of an infant home care plan.

Materials and methods: This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on 130 nurses, midwives, and doctors working in the newborn care department in Isfahan health-therapeutic centers, with at least 6 months of work experience. The samples were selected by random multistage method and completed the researcher-made 5-point Likert questionnaire with 25 items and two areas of education support and security safety. The total score of this questionnaire varied from 25 to 125, and obtaining a score equal to or greater than 91 meant that people had a favorable opinion about home care for babies. The reliability of the questionnaire was reported by Cronbach's α of 0.79, and content validity ratio (CVR) and content validity index (CVI) scores of 0.88-0.99 and 0.79-0.1, respectively. Data analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 18.0 (SPSS) (Chicago, USA) and analysis of descriptive statistics, Chi-square, and Pearson correlation tests at a 0.05 significance level.

Results: The mean score of medical staff's attitude was obtained at 77.59 ± 11.71 and the security-safety and education-support domains scores were 41.3 ± 6.34 and 36.29 ± 6.11, respectively. In addition, a significant inverted relationship was observed between the mean score of medical staffs"attitude with age and the number of shifts.

Conclusion: According to the results, the medical staff's attitude about the infant home care program is neutral, and designing a professional educational period, considering economic preparations and responsibility assurance is essential for creating confidence and acceptance of the infant home care program by the medical staff.

Background: The uptake rate of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in China is low, including among college students. In addition, medical students are the target population for the HPV vaccine, but they have poor uptake of the HPV vaccine. This study aimed to investigate factors related to HPV vaccination intention among female medical college students in Hubei Province.

Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 988 female medical college students from six colleges in Hubei Province with a multistage sampling method. The data were collected by web-based online software. Multiple logistic regression was applied to explore the factors associated with the intention of HPV vaccination.

Results: The majority of students (85.5%) reported a high level of intention to receive HPV vaccine, about 82.3% have a willingness to pay (WTP) for HPV vaccine, and 51.5% reported that family members had never received the HPV vaccine. The students who had higher scores of knowledge of HPV, HPV infection prevention awareness, the protection motivation theory (PMT)-related factors including perceived severity, perceived response efficacy, perceived self-efficacy, and WTP for the HPV vaccine had higher intention to receive HPV vaccine.

Conclusion: HPV vaccination intention was high in medical students. Also, it was influenced by knowledge of HPV, PMT-related factors, and WTP for HPV vaccine. Thus, consideration of these factors is important to design the HPV vaccination campaign that can increase the intention to receive HPV vaccine, which in turn may increase the HPV vaccination.

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global problem and an important consequence of inappropriate use of antimicrobial agents (AMAs). Studies have observed that a lack of awareness of AMR among healthcare professionals as well as consumers results in the irrational use of AMAs, a significant driver of AMR.

Materials and methods: This educational intervention study was undertaken to assess community awareness regarding AMAs and AMR and to educate them. Ten volunteer students from II MBBS were made aware of AMR, its impact and measures to reduce resistance through a lecture by Pharmacology faculty. Students interacted with 220 family representatives in the community to assess their knowledge about AMAs and AMR using a 15-item pre-validated questionnaire. Charts, videos, and role-play were used to impart knowledge about the rational use of AMAs, AMR, and its consequences. Participants' understanding was ensured with feedback taken on Lickert scale.

Results: Students interacted with the study participants and found that most were aware of the term 'antibiotic' (90.8%), but 67% were clueless regarding antibiotic resistance. The purpose of AMA use was not adequately known to 43% as they mentioned using these for diarrhea, viral fever, cough, cold, and sore throat. AMAs were purchased by 40% of participants as OTC medicine, whereas Azithromycin and Amoxicillin were the AMAs they could remember by name. The reasons for buying OTC antibiotics were the inconvenience of doctors' clinic timings, unaffordable consultation charges, and easy antibiotic availability. Students also learned about communication etiquette during this community interaction. This educational intervention proved helpful as the participants agreed that the unnecessary use of AMAs makes them ineffective and AMR is preventable by simple measures.

Conclusion: A multifactorial approach involving prescribers, regulatory Government authorities and general public is needed to control irrational use of antimicrobials. Timely interventions are necessary to increase the awareness of AMR in the community.

Background: When the school climate is not ideal and coping skills for school situations are not strengthened in adolescents, school anxiety and stress may be manifested, potentially harming development and mental health during adulthood. This study aimed to analyze the predictive ability of school anxiety on elevated levels of stress in high-school students.

Materials and methods: This cross-sectional predictive study was conducted with 1588 students aged 12-18 (M = 14.82; SD = 1.86) years in 2023. The School Anxiety Inventory (SAI) and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) were administered to the participants. An inferential data analysis method was applied. Specifically, binary logistic regression was used for data analysis. The influence of school anxiety on stress was examined using the odds ratio statistic.

Results: The total score on school anxiety (OR = 1.02), the situational factors: anxiety about aggression (OR = 1.03), anxiety regarding social evaluation (OR = 1.02), anxiety about failure and school punishment (OR = 1.03), and anxiety about school evaluation (OR = 1.04), as well as the response systems: cognitive (OR = 1.04), behavioral (OR = 1.08), and psychophysiological (OR = 1.04), positively and significantly (P = 0.000) influenced the high scores on stress.

Conclusion: The results demonstrate the need to detect school anxiety in adolescents at an early state to intervene in both anxiety-provoking situations and responses and in the resulting high stress. Similarly, schools should promote mental health work and self-regulation to prepare students for adult life.

Background: Diarrhea is a common unfavorable consequence of antibiotics. Probiotic yogurt is equally effective as probiotic capsules, so it may provide a simple and cost-effective means of preventing antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD). The study aimed to evaluate the effect of probiotic yogurt on AAD among pediatric patients.

Materials and methods: The randomized controlled trial design was adopted in this investigation, with a post-test-only control group. Data were obtained from 244 pediatric patients on antibiotics who were admitted to the hospital and included in the trial via full enumeration sampling. Selected subjects were randomly assigned to experimental (n = 122) or control (n = 122) groups. The experimental group received probiotic yogurt for five days, whereas the control group received standard care. The incidence and severity of diarrhea on the fifth day of the intervention were used to determine the study's results. The trial was registered with the Clinical Trials Registry - India (CTRI). Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) were followed. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. Statistical software was used for descriptive and inferential analysis.

Results: AAD occurred in 13.90% and 36.88% of individuals in the experimental and control groups, respectively (odds ratio: p: 0.27:0.001). Further, yogurt intervention was found to be effective in terms of increasing the consistency of the stool (p. 001*), decreasing the duration and onset of diarrhea (P ≤ .001*), reducing the frequency and amount of loose stool (P ≤ .001*), reducing the urgency of defecation (P ≤ .001*), the presence of abdominal discomfort (P ≤ .001*), and dehydration (P ≤ .001*).

Conclusion: In hospitals, antibiotics are commonly prescribed, and the most common side effect of medications is diarrhea. Probiotic yogurt guards against this side effect of antibiotics. Nurse practitioners need to understand the value of probiotic yogurt as a preventive measure that could save children's lives.

Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) are common and distressing side effects after surgery and anesthesia. Pharmacological treatment is not sufficient to manage these two symptoms. Although the use of certain anesthetic agents is considered the main basis for this phenomenon, the exact factors are unknown. Aromatherapy is effective in reducing PONV in adults. The aim of this review is to scan the studies evaluating the effect of aromatherapy on the management of nausea and vomiting in the postoperative. A literature search was performed by scanning Cochrane Reviews, PubMed, OVID, Sciences Direct, and Google Scholar. Keywords "aromatherapy," "use of aromatherapy," "aromatherapy oils," "nausea," "vomiting," "postoperative nausea and vomiting," and "PONV" combined with Boolean operators, including AND, OR, and NOT. Data gathered from studies published from 2013 to 2023 were reviewed for the effect of aromatherapy on PONV. As a result of the screening, 12 studies out of a total of 706 studies were examined based on the inclusion criteria. In the studies, aromatherapy was used either by inhalation or orally. The plants that were used the most in these studies were ginger and mint. When the literature was reviewed, it was found that aromatherapy reduced the rate of nausea and vomiting and the need for antiemetics, especially in the first minutes after surgery. Using aromatherapy in surgical patients may relieve common postoperative symptoms. The limitations of drug therapy have led to an increase in the use of alternative drugs for the management of nausea and vomiting. Aromatherapy was favored by most patients and is an effective treatment option for PONV.

Background: Adolescent pregnancy remains to be a significant social and public health problem in the Philippines, despite the widespread implementation of a comprehensive sexual and reproductive health (SRH) law. The current study explored the perceptions on teenage pregnancy and adolescent-oriented services across different views of stakeholders.

Materials and methods: Twelve focus group discussions involving sets of teenage boys and girls, teenage mothers, and parents of the teenage mothers were conducted. Data analysis using a descriptive qualitative approach adopting both inductive and deductive thematic analysis was implemented on the gathered data.

Results: Four main themes emerged from the focus groups. First, discussants expressed community perceptions, emphasizing factors perceived to contribute to the occurrence of teenage pregnancy cases. Second, the adolescents expressed the coping responses they used or have observed in others to cope with teenage pregnancy, while the teenage mothers and their parents highlighted their immediate feelings toward the event. Last, the participants verbalized their perceptions of community services including criticisms and suggestions to improve the delivery of these services.

Discussion: The findings underscore the importance of stratifying and customizing the delivery of adolescent services as well as the possibility of expanding the content and coverage of community actions. This study also suggests that there is a need to create local ordinances that are culturally specific based on the Republic Act 10354 or the Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act of 2012. These ordinances must be coupled with other programs on reproductive health including training of personnel, ensuring the availability of resources, and reframing service delivery to the needs of adolescents. Further research is needed to explore variability of perceptions across contexts and cultures and the need for more appropriate service delivery models, thus contributing to a better understanding of teenage pregnancy and more tangible impact toward its reduction.

Background: Patient safety is one of the basic dimensions of quality of care. Medical errors are one of the most important and influential factors in the quality of care and clinical outcomes, which can have a significant economic effect. The aim of this study was to explore barriers to reporting medical errors from the perspective of obstetric residents.

Materials and methods: This was a qualitative study using a conventional content analysis approach. Data collection was performed through 18 semi-structured and in-depth individual interviews and a group discussion session with 13 obstetricians in Tabriz, Iran. Purposeful sampling started in December 2021 and continued until data saturation in October 2022. Findings were analyzed concurrently with data collection using MAXQDA 10 software.

Results: Four categories were obtained after analysis of the data: individual and organizational factors, the nature of the error, the educational hierarchy, and the fear of reactions and consequences of error reporting.

Conclusion: Considering the importance of patient safety, it is necessary to improve the quality of education and awareness of residents and direct supervision of attending, emphasize promoting professional communication and changing educational policies and strategies to reduce errors, and remove barriers to error reporting. Instead of blaming those in error, the organizational culture should support error reporting and reform the error-prone system, through which positive results will be achieved for both patients and healthcare providers.