Journal of Education and Health Promotion最新文献

Background: Disease registries are one of the important steps in the development of health information systems. The aim of this study was to compare epilepsy registration systems in the United States, England, and Australia and propose a National Epilepsy Registry System for Iran.

Materials and methods: This study was a descriptive-comparative study conducted between 2020 and 2023, which involved the following steps: identification and selected countries with advanced registry systems in the world and Identification of their characteristics and comparison with each other. The research population included the epilepsy registration registry in Australia, England, the United States, and Iran. In this study, data were collected from forms, observations, and documents.

Results: In Australia, all databases, reports, and minimum datasets are electronically sent to the Australian Epilepsy Register. In England, the Epilepsy Society is responsible for collecting information. In the United States, all individuals with epilepsy voluntarily send their information to registry centers and the Epilepsy Society to help with their treatment. However, there is no national epilepsy registry system in Iran. Therefore, recommendations have been made to establish.

Conclusion: Registration systems can help collect and analyze data related to all patients with a particular disease. When this registration is established at the national level, it becomes a valuable clinical tool for improving the quality of care and can be a significant step toward managing care for epilepsy patients and healthcare centers. Indeed, such a system can also help in preventing the onset of epilepsy and planning for the improvement of the quality of life for patients.

Background: An increase in overweight and obesity among young adults are major health concerns which can influence their self-perception about body image. Body image has received a great deal of attention among young people. Body dissatisfaction is an extremely powerful construct that pervades our self-esteem, resulting in psychological impact and disordered eating. This study examines the association of body image dissatisfaction, disordered eating, and body mass index among medical students and its relationship with gender.

Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 493 medical students. Body shape questionnaire (BSQ), Eating attitude test (EAT 26), and the Figure Rating Scale questionnaire were administered. Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) were calculated using standard tools.

Results: Around half the participants (54%) had a concern with regard to their body shape with a female preponderance, and one-fourth of the study population (25%) had a higher risk for eating disorder. BSQ and EAT26 questionnaires had a significant positive correlation with BMI and WC.

Conclusion: This study highlights a high prevalence of body image dissatisfaction among medical students who have direct positive correlation with BMI and WC. Health education programs addressing optimal weight and active lifestyle should be emphasized to reduce psychological burden in future.

Background: Imposed immobilization after electrophysiological studies (EPS) is known to cause different complications. The current study aims to assess the effect of early ambulation on comfort and vascular complications among patients undergoing transfemoral catheterization for EPS.

Materials and methods: Hundred participants were assigned to control and intervention groups (50 each) using block randomization. The control group participants were ambulated at 6 hours after EPS. For the intervention group, participants were kept in the supine position with procedure-side leg extension for the first 2 hours, followed by 30° head-end elevation and turning to the left/right side for 30 min, and finally ambulation at the end of 3 hours. Both groups were assessed for vital signs, groin and back pain, satisfaction, bleeding, hematoma, and bladder pattern at the 6^th and 24^th hour after EPS. Data analysis was done on an intention-to-treat basis using the Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, independent student t-test, and Mann-Whitney U test.

Results: The level of back pain and groin pain was significantly lower in intervention group after 6 hours (P < 0.001) and after 24 hours (P < 0.05). Urinary problem was not reported in intervention group, whereas Eleven (22%), participants in the control group did not void at 6 hours (P < 0.001). Two patients in intervention group developed bleeding at 6 hours, and one patient in control group developed bleeding at 24 hours. Hematoma development was absent for both groups.

Conclusion: Early ambulation at 3 hours after EPS is suggested to reduce back pain, groin pain, and urinary problem, without risk for vascular complications.

Background: Animal bites are a major threat to human health. The present study was designed to determine the incidence and epidemiological factors and to investigate the process of referral and treatment of animal bite cases in Kerman city.

Materials and methods: This was a cross-sectional (descriptive-analytical) study. All the cases of animal bites that were referred to rabies treatment and prevention centers under the coverage of Kerman health center during 2019 and 2021 were investigated. The data were collected from the health center of Kerman city in Excel form that was registered in the portal of the Ministry of Health. The Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test were used in SPSS24 software to analyze the data.

Results: In this study, 5407 people (4076 men and 1331 women) were bitten by animals. The average incidence of animal bites was 313 per hundred thousand people. The mean ± SD age of the injured was 31.38 ± 17.72 years. 73.2% of cases of attacking animals were dogs, and half of those dogs had owners. 58.6% of cases were injured in the hand, and 94.2% referred to rabies treatment and prevention centers in the first 48 h after the bite. No cases of animal-bitten deaths were reported during this period. Between gender (P = 0.006), age (P = 0.013), place of residence (P = 0.003), occupation (P < 0.000), history of previous bites and vaccinations (P = 0.001), and injured limb (P < 0.000) and not going to receive the next round of vaccinations, there was a statistically significant correlation.

Conclusion: Animal bites are a major health problem in Kerman, and due to creating health problems and economic losses, it is necessary to take serious action to control and prevent this health threat.

Background: With the escalating utilization of online health education programs and the growing prevalence of infertility, there is an urgent requirement for a comprehensive and effective online platform that caters to the unique needs of couples facing infertility. This study aims to investigate and understand the needs and potential benefits of implementing an online reproductive health education program for infertile couples.

Materials and methods: This research was a qualitative study conducted in Shahroud City, Iran from May 2022 to June 2022. Sixteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with infertile people and key informants. Sampling method used in this study was purpose-based with maximum variety. All interviews were digitally recorded and transcribed verbatim in Persian and analyzed using conventional content analysis approach. MAXQDA software version 12 was used to facilitate data analysis.

Results: From the data analysis, 2 themes, 3 main categories, and 16 subcategories emerged. The themes included "Reproductive Health Education Needs" and "Preferences for Internet-based Reproductive Health Education and Support." The first theme consisted 2 categories Reproductive health literacy and Emotional and Psychological Support. The second theme included one category: Technical and Logistical Considerations.

Conclusion: The data analysis of this study has revealed significant insights into the needs and preferences of infertile couples regarding Internet-based reproductive health education and support. These findings provide valuable guidance for the development and implementation of Internet-based reproductive health education programs tailored to the specific needs of infertile couples.

Background: Caring for and supporting bereaved parents with fetal loss requires preparation, training, and attention to a set of needs of health workers to provide optimal services. This is although it has been less addressed in the educational curriculum and in-service training. This study aims to investigate the experiences of Iranian healthcare professionals regarding the needs related to the care of bereaved parents with perinatal loss.

Materials and methods: This research was a qualitative study conducted in Shahroud City, Iran, to explore healthcare professionals' needs from June 2021 to December 2022. Semi-structured in-depth interviews on purposive sample of 14 participants were conducted. The participants were care providers who worked in OB-GYN ward, general midwifery clinics, and a private office. The interviews were recorded verbatim, transcribed, and analyzed using an inductive content analysis. MAXQDA software version 10 was used for data analysis. Granheim and Lundman's approach was used to analyze the data.

Results: Two major themes, four categories, and nine subcategories emerged. The themes included the "existence of protective laws and policies" and "skill and training needs." Protective laws and policies included "Government Rules and guidelines" and "organizational Rules protecting the individual." Skills and training needs consisted of two categories: "communication skills" and "Self-Care needs."

Conclusions: Educational policies, development of guidelines for the care of bereaved mothers based on culture, training programs for dealing with bereaved parents, providing self-care programs for employees, and improving the physical and emotional conditions of the workplace were among the needs expressed by the participants. Meeting the needs of healthcare professionals is effective in job satisfaction, feeling of value, and high quality of services for bereaved parents.

Background: Anecdotally, the concept of death consistently evokes profound unease. This study explores the intricate relationship between individuals' attitudes toward death and the associated anxiety, introducing a two-step model that posits dispositional mindfulness and tranquil ego as mediators.

Materials and methods: We used a correlational design in this study and assessed 209 Indian adults (111 males and 98 females) who recovered from corona symptoms on self-report measures of attitudes toward death, death anxiety, dispositional mindfulness, and tranquil ego. Bivariate correlational analyses and path analysis were used to analyze the data.

Results: Findings revealed that attitudes toward death involving fear, avoidance, approach, and escape acceptance of death correlated positively with death anxiety. Dispositional mindfulness and tranquil ego correlated negatively with death anxiety. Path analyses with percentile bootstrapping supported our hypothesis and showed that dispositional mindfulness and tranquil ego sequentially mediated the relationship.

Conclusion: These findings indicate that various aspects of attitudes toward death differentially predict death anxiety. Moreover, the relationship between death attitudes and death anxiety is potentially mediated by dispositional mindfulness and a tranquil ego. The findings were discussed in light of existing literature.

Background: Parents and healthcare professionals make decisions for neonates with life-threatening conditions (LTCs). Parents may be inadequately included. Limited studies have evaluated influential factors. We aimed to explore parental factors affecting parents' participation in decision-making (DM) for neonates with LTCs.

Materials and methods: A qualitative study was conducted in four level III neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in Tehran, and twenty-two in-depth, semi-structured, face-to-face interviews were conducted in 2019. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed using a conventional content analysis approach. During the coding process, participants' words were condensed into meaning units, and 297 open-coded were extracted and then grouped into thirteen subcategories based on similarities and differences. This process was repeated until four main categories were identified.

Results: Main categories and subcategories include "parental capabilities" (level of health literacy, emotional state, paradoxical feelings, and perception of the situation), "a sense of parental self-efficacy" (perception of parental role, awareness of self-abilities, and willingness to accept the parental role), "convictions" (religious beliefs and cultural values), and "living conditions" (job balance, household management and caring for siblings, and commuting) were found.

Conclusion: Although factors were parental, professionals who care for neonates with LTCs should be trained in family-centered care (FCC) principles to involve parents in DM. Nurses should be aware of parents' abilities and inform them of their rights. Parents' presentation at the bedside prevents their marginalization, reduces feelings of guilt, and helps them understand their baby's behavior and surrounding reality. A formal neonatal palliative care (NPC) program can encourage open communication between professionals and parents. A multidisciplinary team should consider parents' needs and values.

Background: This study investigated the psychological distress and attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help among Oman's nurses, highlighting the importance of changing negative attitudes toward mental health among healthcare professionals. Nurses face difficult circumstances and serve as role models. Creating supportive environments can improve treatment quality and public awareness and reduce social stigma, ultimately contributing to better care and quality of life.

Materials and methods: This study used a cross-sectional design with a convenience sampling approach. A sample of 205 nurses working in Oman completed the study questionnaires, including a sociodemographic questionnaire, the attitude toward seeking professional psychological distress scale, and the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale. The survey was distributed between May and June 2023.

Result: The study found that most participants had moderate psychological distress (43.22%, n = 67) and a low attitude toward seeking professional psychological help (66.67%, n = 48). There were significant differences in distress based on gender (P < 0.001), marital status (P < 0.001), and working department (F = 3.140, P = 0.004), while attitude had significant differences based on gender (P < 0.001) and marital status (P < 0.001). The study also found no significant correlation between psychological distress and attitudes toward seeking help among Oman's nurses (T (1, 204) = 0.019, P = 0.985), with a r² of 0.005.

Conclusion: Nurses must be trained to handle stress and job strain from terminally ill patients, complex cases, and difficult situations. They should prioritize psychological assistance as a sign of strength and self-awareness as it demonstrates stability and self-awareness in nursing. This can be promoted by obtaining education, enhancing healthcare accessibility, and providing a support system.

Background: Scientific evidence suggests that certain psychological factors may contribute to the occurrence of high-risk behaviors among adolescents. This study aimed to determine the high-risk behaviors and their relationship with psychological factors in Iranian high school students.

Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study involved 1100 high school students (564 boys and 536 girls). The subjects were selected from a total population of 9488 students using a multistage sampling method. Data was collected through a general information questionnaire (GIQ) and the Iranian Adolescents Risk-Taking Scale (IARS). The GIQ consisted of two parts: demographic information and psychological factors. These factors, including false self-confidence, excitement-seeking, risk-taking, experimentation, curiosity, heroism, disappointment with the future, handsomeness, tiredness of monotony, and enjoyment, were extracted with a deductive-centered approach by reviewing the literature. Descriptive statistics (absolute and relative frequency, mean, and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (independent t-test and multiple linear regression) were used for data analysis.

Results: The results showed that the total mean score of high-risk behaviors was 62.12, lower than the middle scale. The highest mean score of high-risk behaviors was associated with a tendency to dangerous driving, while the lowest mean score was related to the tendency to drug abuse. All psychological variables demonstrated a statistically significant relationship with high-risk behaviors (P < 0.001). In the multiple linear regression model, all psychological variables except risk-seeking and handsomeness remained significant predictors of high-risk behaviors. These variables included false self-confidence, excitement-seeking, experimentation, curiosity, heroism, disappointment with the future, tired of monotony, and hedonism. They explained 29% of changes in high-risk behaviors. Among these variables, excitement-seeking was the most effective in predicting high-risk behaviors.

Conclusions: Most of the psychological variables in the present study explained high-risk behaviors. Paying attention to these variables can provide a more comprehensive view for parents and experts whose goal is to provide educational and counseling programs to reduce high-risk behaviors among adolescents.