Journal of Education and Health Promotion最新文献

Background: The increasing usage of smartphones by students has caused awkward ergonomic postures which have led to musculoskeletal pain and disabilities, especially in the neck and shoulder, the purpose of the current study is the reduction of neck and shoulder pain and disability, via an educational intervention, according to comprehensive ergonomic principles.

Materials and methods: The current study, which was an educational intervention, has been implemented with both intervention and control groups in the form of pre-test and post-test, including intervention group control group, in the years, 2023 and 2024 in Iran. Participants from both separate schools of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences completed the NDI (Neck Disability Index), DASH (Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand) questionnaires, and VAS (Visual Analog Scale) to determine the disability and pain indices in both neck and shoulder, and then, the educational intervention was conducted, for the ergonomic usage of smartphone, during three consecutive days, after two months (eight sessions for reminding which considered one session per week) of implementation of the program by the volunteers. Participants completed the mentioned questionnaires again, and then, data analysis was conducted by statistical software SPSS version 23.

Result: The findings depict more NDI, compared to DASH and more Neck-VAS, compared to Shoulder-VAS, as well as, NDI (P = 0.003), DASH (P = 0.001), Neck-VAS (P = 0.000), and Shoulder-VAS indices (P = 0.041) have statistically been decreased significant, among the post-test intervention group, compared to the pre-test intervention group, in addition to, the four last mentioned indices have statistically been reduced significant, respectively (P = 0.005), (P = 0.043), (P = 0.04), and (P = 0.006) among the post-test intervention group, compared to the post-test control group.

Conclusion: The training in the ergonomic principles of Stanford University can reduce neck and shoulder pain and disability indices among smartphone users.

Background: Previous studies have shown that one of the methods to improve the quality of life and satisfaction of heart failure patients is self-care education. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of forum-based and mobile-based education on self-care and life satisfaction in heart failure patients referred to the Heart Center.

Materials and methods: This quasiexperimental study included two intervention groups: forum-based training and mobile-based training, along with a control group. The study included 90 patients. Participants in the study were selected by convenience sampling and randomly assigned to three groups of 30. Among the tools used to gather data were demographic surveys, Diner's life satisfaction, and the self-care of heart failure patients. SCHFIV 6.2. Along with standard education and medication treatment, the intervention groups received a self-care education package. All that was given to the control group was standard hospital instruction. SPSS software was used to examine the data. Data were analyzed with software using Fisher's exact test, Chi-square, t-test, and repeated measurement ANOVA.

Results: In the case groups, the mean scores of self-care and life satisfaction in the post-test and 3-month follow-up stages were significantly higher than before the intervention (P < 0.001). However, in the mobile-based case group (Group 2), this difference was much greater than in the web-based case group (P < 0.001). Furthermore, the mean scores of self-care and life satisfaction in the control group also increased, but the increase was not significant compared to the case groups.

Conclusion: The findings of the study demonstrated that continuous postdischarge education, even virtually, and increased patient management interactions by the healthcare team can enhance self-care scores and life satisfaction in heart failure patients.

Background: Teenage pregnancy is a high-risk pregnancy. The complications of teenage pregnancy are partially caused by the low level of self-care and lower usage rates of prenatal care. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of training based on the principles of motivational interviewing on self-care and the use of prenatal services by teenage pregnant mothers.

Materials and methods: This semi-experimental study was conducted in 2023 in Zahedan city. Sampling was done in a multistage manner. The trainings were based on motivational interviews, which were held in groups during four sessions. The participants completed the self-care questionnaire before the intervention as well as at 28-30 weeks of gestation, and a checklist of the number of cares was completed after termination of pregnancy. The final sample included 42 mothers in the intervention group and 40 mothers in the control group. Data analysis was done using SPSS software (version 26) by considering the significance level of P < 0.05. The data were analyzed using t-test, Mann-Whitney, and Chi-square tests.

Results: Before the intervention, there was no significant difference in mean self-care scores between the intervention group (89.23 ± 20.6) and control group (84.8 ± 15.0) (P = 0.26), while after the intervention, a significant difference was observed between the mean scores of self-care in the intervention group (103.4 ± 20.71) and control group (86.37 ± 15.13) (P < 0.001). A significant difference was found between the mean scores of number of prenatal care in the intervention group (7.33 ± 0.81) and the control group (6.2 ± 1.11) (P < 0.001).

Conclusion: Training based on motivational interviewing increases self-care and the usage rate of prenatal care in pregnant adolescent mothers. It is recommended to take advantage of this method to improve the quality of care and create mother-centered and mother-friendly care for teenage pregnant women.

[This corrects the article on p. 382 in vol. 14, PMID: 41098464.].

Background: One of the important aspects of health is sexual and reproductive health. Among the target groups for reproductive and sexual health are the middle-aged (30-59). Since 2020, all aspects of life around the world have been affected by the covid-19 disease. In this regard, the health of middle-aged people was also affected. For this purpose, the present study was conducted with the aim of explaining women's experiences of reproductive health care in the middle-aged program (30-59 years old) during the covid-19 epidemic.

Materials and method: This qualitative study was conducted using the content analysis method on middle-aged women (30-59 years old) in 2020. The sampling site of comprehensive health centers of Isfahan province in Iran included Amir Hamzeh, Ibn Sina, Nawab Safavi, and 25 Dastgerd. The selection of participants was based on the purpose, and the sampling continued until data saturation. To collect information, in-depth individual and semi-structured interviews were used.

Results: The results of the analysis of the data from the interviews led to the formation of two main classes, which are: the negative effects of the pandemic on the provision of care (including two sub-classes: lack of effective communication between the care provider and clients, negative thoughts), change in the care system (including two subcategories: change in care priorities, new style in providing care).

Conclusion: Due to the global crisis of the covid-19 disease in the world, the countries that faced this crisis tried to provide the best health and treatment services to the people and have taken important management decisions in order to control the epidemic of the new coronavirus. According to the results of the present study, it is recommended to pay attention to the views of service recipients in order to create the highest efficiency.

Background: Subcutaneous swelling simulation models play a crucial role in medical education, providing practical hands-on experience to students. Evaluating these models through student feedback is essential for continual improvement. This study focuses on the validation of a feedback questionnaire intended to capture student perceptions effectively.

Materials and methods: The Student Feedback Questionnaire was developed based on aspects relevant to the subcutaneous swelling simulation model. The questionnaire was distributed among a cohort of 265 students who had engaged with the simulation model. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was employed to validate the questionnaire's structure.

Results: The factor analysis revealed a robust structure within the questionnaire, consolidating key domains that encompassed student evaluations of the simulation model. Identified factors represented aspects such as fidelity, clinical competency, and rating and recommendation with the simulation experience. The students also rated the model high and expressed that they would recommend the use of such a simulation model for hands-on training in future. Factor loadings demonstrated high correlations between questionnaire items and the underlying factors, affirming the questionnaire's validity. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient computed at 0.91 indicated high internal consistency among the questionnaire items, affirming its reliability.

Conclusion: The factor analysis provided evidence supporting the multidimensionality of student feedback pertaining to the subcutaneous swelling simulation model. The validated questionnaire exhibited reliability in discerning various aspects of the simulation model that significantly impact student learning experiences. This study underscores the importance of a validated feedback instrument tailored to assess subcutaneous swelling simulation models.

Preoperative anxiety is a major concern for patients undergoing neuraxial anesthesia, often leading to increased physiological stress and reduced satisfaction. Recently, multimedia-based education has been encouraged as a new approach to enhancing patient understanding and reducing anxiety. This paper investigates whether multimedia-based patient education improves preoperative anxiety, patient satisfaction, and hemodynamic stability in patients undergoing neuraxial anesthesia. According to PRISMA 2020 guidelines, a comprehensive search was conducted across multiple databases, including Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar. The selection criteria included interventional studies assessing multimedia-based preoperative education compared to conventional methods. Anxiety levels, patient satisfaction, and hemodynamic parameters were analyzed. A total of 10 studies involving 1016 patients were included. Nine studies demonstrated a significant reduction in preoperative anxiety among patients receiving multimedia education, while one study found no significant difference. Patient satisfaction was significantly higher in multimedia-educated groups, suggesting an improved patient experience. Additionally, three studies reported better hemodynamic stability, including lower heart rates and blood pressure fluctuations, in patients exposed to multimedia education. Multimedia-based education effectively reduces preoperative anxiety, improves patient satisfaction, and enhances hemodynamic stability in neuraxial anesthesia. However, variations in content, duration, and study design highlight the need for further high-quality research to standardize multimedia interventions and assess long-term outcomes.

Background: Disseminating bad news in the field of medical sciences poses challenges for patients and their families. This is particularly important in cases of high-risk pregnancies, where cultural differences across cities and countries can impact the attitudes and experiences of pregnant women when receiving and coping with unpredictable and stressful situations. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the experiences of pregnant women in hearing bad news during pregnancy, delivery, and postpartum period in 2024.

Materials and methods: This qualitative study will utilize a conventional content analysis approach. The sample will consist of 30 pregnant women in the perinatal period, and data collection will continue until data saturation is achieved. The research will take place in both public and private hospitals in Isfahan city. Data will be collected through individual, in-depth, open, and semistructured interviews as well as through observation and field note-taking. Participants will be selected through purposeful sampling, specifically targeting pregnant women attending public and private hospitals in Isfahan. Data analysis will be conducted using the inductive analysis method developed by Granheim and Lundman.

Conclusion: This study will shed light on the experiences of mothers with high-risk pregnancies during the perinatal period, regarding the communication of bad news by healthcare professionals. To the best of our knowledge, no previous studies have employed this approach, making the findings of this study valuable in informing health policies and improving the quality of care, particularly within the sociocultural context of Iran.

Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is a critical public health concern that demands urgent attention. It is one of the most prevalent cancers in Iran, and it also has the highest mortality rate among all other cancers. Despite being recognized as one of the most preventable types of cancer worldwide, the healthcare system in Iran faces considerable challenges in preventing GC to curb its incidence effectively. This qualitative study explores the perspectives of public health and clinical experts regarding these complexities and explains how more effective preventive measures could be developed.

Materials and methods: An exploratory qualitative study was conducted in Iran from December 2023 to June 2024. The data collection involved semistructured, in-depth, face-to-face interviews with 31 experts in various fields related to GC, including education, research, prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and management. These experts are affiliated with organizations such as the Ministry of Health and Medical Education, medical universities, hospitals, health centers, cancer research centers, education and research centers, the Iranian Cancer Association, and The Academy of Medical Sciences of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Tehran. Transcripts of the interviews formed the content of the data for analysis. Conventional content analysis of the data was conducted using MAXQDA 20.

Results: The experts' perspectives were categorized into two main sections: (1) the challenges of GC prevention in Iran, along with the barriers hindering the implementation of prevention, and (2) strategies for enhancing the prevention system. These strategies include fostering a healthier culture, increasing health status and value, empowering individuals regarding cancer prevention, and developing health-supportive environments.

Conclusion: Given the prevalence and mortality rate of GC in Iran, its prevention requires greater attention. The findings of our study emphasize the importance of GC prevention in Iran, which requires more attention and a shift from a medical approach to a social one. In this regard, the most important effective interventions are building health-related public laws aimed at creating a healthy social and biological environment and health promotional products.

Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) poses a significant global health burden. The adoption of healthy dietary behaviors is vital for the secondary prevention of CAD. However, there is limited availability of dietary educational materials tailored for patients with CAD, particularly in Malaysia, to support this process. Therefore, this study aimed to develop and validate dietary educational material for the secondary prevention of CAD.

Materials and methods: This study employed a design and developmental research methodology conducted in three phases. Phase I focused on content analysis. Phase II centered on the design and development of the educational material, and Phase III involved evaluating its content and face validity through feedback from experts and intended users. Content Validity Index (CVI) scores of 0.80 or higher were considered acceptable for content validity, while face validity was established with at least 75% positive responses for each item.

Results: The heart-healthy dietary educational material (HHDEM) was developed as dietary educational material for the secondary prevention of CAD. It achieved Item-level CVI scores ranging from 0.89 to 1.00 and an overall Scale Content Validity Index (S-CVI/AVE) of 0.98, demonstrating strong content validity. For face validity, there was a high level of agreement between experts and intended users across all components, with percentages ranging from 90.0% to 92.6%. These results indicate that HHDEM meets the desired standards for use by patients with CAD.

Conclusion: The dietary educational material, HHDEM, designed for patients with CAD, illustrated excellent content and face validity. HHDEM has the potential to serve as a comprehensive resource for adopting healthy dietary patterns to prevent secondary CAD.