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Inside the Box: Safety, Health, and Isolation in Prison 盒子里面:监狱中的安全、健康和隔离
IF 8.4 1区 经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.1257/jep.35.4.97
B. Western
A large social science research literature examines the effects of prisons on crime and socioeconomic inequality, but the penal institution itself is often a black box overlooked in the analysis of its effects. This paper examines prisons and their role in rehabilitative programs and as venues for violence, health and healthcare, and extreme isolation through solitary confinement. Research shows that incarcerated people are participating less today than in the 1980s in prison programs, and they face high risks of violence, disease, and isolation. Prison conditions suggest the mechanisms that impair adjustment to community life after release provide a more complete account of the costs of incarceration and indicate the performance of prisons as moral institutions that bear a responsibility for humane and decent treatment.
大量的社会科学研究文献考察了监狱对犯罪和社会经济不平等的影响,但在对其影响的分析中,刑罚制度本身往往是一个被忽视的黑盒子。本文考察了监狱及其在康复计划中的作用,以及作为暴力、健康和保健以及通过单独监禁进行极端隔离的场所。研究表明,与20世纪80年代相比,今天被监禁的人参与监狱项目的人数减少了,他们面临着暴力、疾病和孤立的高风险。监狱条件表明,妨碍释放后适应社区生活的机制更全面地说明了监禁的成本,并表明监狱作为承担人道和体面待遇责任的道德机构的表现。
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引用次数: 11
College Majors, Occupations, and the Gender Wage Gap 大学专业、职业与性别工资差距
IF 8.4 1区 经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.1257/jep.35.4.223
Carolyn M. Sloane, Erik G. Hurst, D. Black
The paper assesses gender differences in pre-labor market specialization among the college-educated and highlights how those differences have evolved over time. Women choose majors with lower potential earnings (based on male wages associated with those majors) and subsequently sort into occupations with lower potential earnings given their major choice. These differences have narrowed over time, but recent cohorts of women still choose majors and occupations with lower potential earnings. Differences in undergraduate major choice explain a substantive portion of gender wage gaps for the college-educated above and beyond simply controlling for occupation. Collectively, our results highlight the importance of understanding gender differences in the mapping between college major and occupational sorting when studying the evolution of gender differences in labor market outcomes over time.
这篇论文评估了受过大学教育的人在劳动力市场专业化前的性别差异,并强调了这些差异是如何随着时间的推移而演变的。女性选择潜在收入较低的专业(基于与这些专业相关的男性工资),然后根据她们的专业选择选择潜在收入较低的职业。随着时间的推移,这些差异已经缩小,但最近的女性群体仍然选择潜在收入较低的专业和职业。本科专业选择上的差异,在很大程度上解释了受过大学教育的男女工资差距,而不仅仅是简单地控制职业。总的来说,我们的研究结果强调了在研究劳动力市场结果的性别差异随时间的演变时,理解大学专业和职业分类之间映射的性别差异的重要性。
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引用次数: 17
Next-Generation Policing Research: Three Propositions 下一代警务研究:三个命题
IF 8.4 1区 经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.1257/jep.35.4.29
Monica C. Bell
The Black Lives Matter movement has operated alongside a growing recognition among social scientists that policing research has been limited in its scope and outmoded in its assumptions about the nature of public safety. This essay argues that social science research on policing should reorient its conception of the field of policing, along with how the study of crime rates and police departments fit into this field. New public safety research should broaden its outcomes of interest, its objects of inquiry, and its engagement with structural racism. In this way, next-generation research on policing and public safety can respond to the deficiencies of the past and remain relevant as debates over transforming American policing continue.
“黑人的命也是命”运动的开展,社会科学家们越来越认识到,警务研究的范围有限,对公共安全性质的假设也过时了。本文认为,警务社会科学研究应该重新定位其警务领域的概念,以及犯罪率和警察部门的研究如何融入这一领域。新的公共安全研究应该扩大其感兴趣的结果、调查对象以及与结构性种族主义的接触。通过这种方式,关于警务和公共安全的下一代研究可以回应过去的不足,并在关于改变美国警务的辩论继续进行时保持相关性。
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引用次数: 6
LOWERING THE INFLUENCE ON THE ENVIRONMENT - PROJECT OF CHANGING THE BUS FLEET IN GPP OSIJEK 降低对环境的影响——GPP奥西耶克公交车队改造项目
IF 8.4 1区 经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2021-10-08 DOI: 10.46779/epj.v1i1.5
A. Erceg, Z. Kilic
Purpose: Public transport is one of the bigger causes of air pollution, but at the same time use public transport helps in lowering the use of personal transport and with that, it lowers the pollution and influence on the environment. Air pollution is significantly influencing the environment and the public transport companies are looking for different ways to reduce air pollution. Thus, the transport companies need to pay attention to their activities and modernization of the fleet to lower their influence on air pollution. Design/Methodology/Approach: In the writing of this paper we used mainly desk research method for the literature review and case study method for presenting the project of the transport company.Findings and implications: GPP Osijek has started a project of fleet modernization which consists of the purchase of 12 new modern city buses which have a lower influence on the environment regarding air pollution. Besides this company is making additional steps in reducing their influence on the environment and testing hybrid fueled buses. In the next period, authors recommend conducting research on environmental influence regarding air pollution and possibly lowering the noise pollution.Limitations: This paper main limitation is that there are still no results in how much the influence on the environment has been lowered and this should be studied in the future.Originality: This paper presents one of the first research studies about environmental management in public transport companies in Croatia.
目的:公共交通是空气污染的主要原因之一,但与此同时,使用公共交通有助于减少个人交通工具的使用,从而降低污染和对环境的影响。空气污染对环境的影响很大,公共交通公司正在寻找不同的方法来减少空气污染。因此,运输公司需要关注他们的活动和车队的现代化,以降低他们对空气污染的影响。设计/方法/方法:在本文的写作中,我们主要使用了案头研究法进行文献综述,案例研究法来展示运输公司的项目。调查结果和影响:GPP奥西耶克已经开始了一个车队现代化项目,其中包括购买12辆新的现代城市公交车,这些公交车对空气污染的环境影响较小。此外,该公司正在采取额外的措施来减少对环境的影响,并测试混合动力巴士。在接下来的一段时间里,作者建议对空气污染的环境影响进行研究,并可能降低噪音污染。局限性:本文的主要局限性是对环境的影响降低了多少,目前还没有结果,需要在未来进行研究。原创性:本文提出了克罗地亚公共交通公司环境管理的首批研究之一。
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引用次数: 0
BOOK REVIEW: “ENTREPRENEURIAL MARKETING” 书评:《创业营销》
IF 8.4 1区 经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2021-10-08 DOI: 10.46779/epj.v1i1.14
Kenan Mahmutović
TITLE: ENTREPRENEURIAL MARKETING AUTHOR: ARNELA NANIĆ PUBLISHER: University of Bihać YEAR OF PUBLISHING: 2020. Number of pages: 194 ISBN: 978-9958-9106-4-7The existing literature in marketing has recently been enriched with a new book entitled “Entrepreneurial Marketing” by Arnela Nanić.
标题:创业营销作者:阿涅拉NANIĆ出版商:比哈奇大学出版年:2020。页数:194 ISBN: 978-9958-9106-4-7现有的文献在市场营销最近被丰富了一本名为“创业营销”的新书由阿内拉·纳尼克。
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引用次数: 0
ECO-TOURISM AS A STIMULATION FOR TOURISM ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT – THE EXAMPLE OF THE MUCIPALITY OF GEVGELIJA 生态旅游对旅游创业发展的促进作用——以gevgelija的流动性为例
IF 8.4 1区 经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2021-10-08 DOI: 10.46779/epj.v1i1.8
Kiril Postolov, Marija Magdinceva Sopova
The purpose of the conducted practical research presented in the paper consists in assessing the real situation from the aspect on the development of the ecotourism in the municipality of Gevgelija and confirmation of the hypothesis that ecotourism sector is a developmental concept that enables achieving sustainable economic development (Butcher,2007).A survey questionnaire consisting of 20 questions has been used. The survey was conducted of 52 respondents in the period from 1.10.2019. until 30.11.2019. on the territory of the Gevgelija. We used programs SPSS, and made Spearman test of correlation rs, and test of Ordinal Regression.The primary goal of the conducted practical research was to assess the willingness of students in the development of ecotourism. The results obtained during the practical research allow to draw conclusions and guidelines that can imply certain behaviours and activities contributing to the development of ecotourism in the Republic of Macedonia and using opportunities for achieving sustainable economic development (Hill, 2009)The basic limitations was number of respondents.The original value of this study is confirmed through the obtained results from the conducted research confirmed the fact that ecotourism as an alternative form for tourism development and a modern concept for achieving sustainable development.Benefits for the local community that are expected from the development of eco tourism include maintenance of biodiversity, benefits for the local population, a high level of responsibility of tourism enterprises and employees working in this sector, and an active role of the local population.
本文所进行的实践研究的目的在于从Gevgelija市生态旅游发展的角度评估实际情况,并确认生态旅游部门是一个能够实现可持续经济发展的发展概念(Butcher,2007)。使用了一份包含20个问题的调查问卷。该调查于2019年10月1日起对52名受访者进行了调查。直到30.11.2019。在Gevgelija的领土上运用SPSS统计软件,进行Spearman相关检验和序数回归检验。实践研究的主要目的是评估学生发展生态旅游的意愿。在实际研究中获得的结果可以得出结论和指导方针,这些结论和指导方针可以暗示某些行为和活动有助于马其顿共和国生态旅游的发展,并利用机会实现可持续经济发展(Hill, 2009)。基本限制是受访者的数量。本研究的原始价值是通过所进行的研究获得的结果证实了生态旅游作为旅游发展的一种替代形式和实现可持续发展的现代理念。生态旅游的发展给当地社区带来的好处包括维持生物多样性,给当地居民带来好处,旅游企业和在这一部门工作的员工承担高度的责任,以及当地居民的积极作用。
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引用次数: 0
CULTURALLY PREDISPOSED MOTIVATION THROUGH IDENTITIES AND IMPLICATIONS FOR MULTICULTURAL ORGANIZATIONAL ENVIRONMENT 文化倾向的动机通过身份和多元文化组织环境的影响
IF 8.4 1区 经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2021-10-08 DOI: 10.46779/epj.v1i1.9
J. Glavaš, Ivan Ljubimir, Bruno Mandic
In this paper authors argue the impact of culture on motivational processes through various identities. The paper combines the most recent findings from cultural, identity and motivation theories in order to determine cultural impact on each of the elements of motivational cycle. By analyzing each theory, applicable analogous similarities are compiled to distinguish important factors and determine psychological processes that are relevant for understanding cultural impact on human motivation and behavior. Results derived from compilation are used to create implications for multicultural organizational environment. This paper concludes that among others, culture has substantial impact on individual's motivation and behavior which creates specific psychological and cognitive patterns that serve as guidance in future situations that individual encounters. Such patterns become integrated in individual and applied to various social groups and environment. Furthermore, paper provides implications stressing the importance of implementation of organizational identity, comprehensive and transparent communication and verification of social, work-related and personal identities of employees. This paper has limitations due to its theoretical framework. Since this topic implies broad interdisciplinary research, additional theoretical and empirical contributions are required in order to provide more detailed insight and implications. However, this paper contributes to the existing theories by providing compilation of their common elements from motivational perspective and arguments for stated implications
在本文中,作者通过不同的身份论证了文化对激励过程的影响。本文结合了文化、认同和动机理论的最新发现,以确定文化对动机周期的每个要素的影响。通过对每一种理论的分析,我们整理出了适用的类似相似性,以区分重要因素,并确定与理解文化对人类动机和行为的影响相关的心理过程。编译的结果用于创建多元文化组织环境的含义。本文的结论是,文化对个人的动机和行为有实质性的影响,它创造了特定的心理和认知模式,作为个人未来遇到的情况的指导。这些模式在个人中变得一体化,并适用于各种社会群体和环境。此外,本文还提供了强调实施组织身份,全面透明地沟通和验证员工的社会,工作和个人身份的重要性。本文的理论框架存在一定的局限性。由于该主题意味着广泛的跨学科研究,因此需要额外的理论和实证贡献,以提供更详细的见解和含义。然而,本文从动机的角度整理了现有理论的共同要素,并对陈述的含义进行了论证,从而对现有理论做出了贡献
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引用次数: 0
CONFERENCE REVIEW: INTERDISCIPLINARY MANAGEMENT RESEARCH CONFERENCE – IMR 2021 会议回顾:跨学科管理研究会议- imr 2021
IF 8.4 1区 经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2021-10-08 DOI: 10.46779/epj.v1i1.17
Ivana Unukić
The IMR International Conference on Interdisciplinary Management Research was held for the 17th time in May 2021. This conference aims to bring together academics, researchers and practitioners to exchange and share their research findings and (business) experiences on all aspects of management and related fields. IMR is an interdisciplinary platform for academics, practitioners and educators to present and discuss the latest trends and issues as well as practical challenges encountered and solutions adopted in the field of management, but also in areas such as Business, Financial Economics, Industrial Organization, Law and Economics etc.
IMR跨学科管理研究国际会议于2021年5月举行了第17届。本次会议旨在汇集学者、研究人员和实践者,就管理及相关领域的各个方面交流和分享他们的研究成果和(商业)经验。IMR是一个跨学科的学术平台,为学者,从业者和教育工作者提供和讨论管理领域以及商业,金融经济学,产业组织,法律和经济学等领域的最新趋势和问题,以及遇到的实际挑战和采用的解决方案。
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引用次数: 0
THE SITUATION WITH THE DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES IN MACEDONIA IN RELATION TO THE SOURCES FOR THEIR FINANCING
IF 8.4 1区 经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2021-10-08 DOI: 10.46779/epj.v1i1.6
Marija Gogova Samonikov, E. Veselinova, Ilija Gruevski, Risto Fotov, Zorica Zdraveva
The impact of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in employment and value added in the Republic of Macedonia registered a slight increase in the period from 2009 to 2013. Just like in other economies in the region, most SMEs work in the wholesale and retail trade sector (44.0%), followed by the manufacturing sector (13.0%) (OECD 2016). Based on the importance of SMEs in the Macedonian economy in general, this paper aims to point out the gap that exists between the well-identified weakness of the Macedonian economy towards stimulating the life expectancy of SMEs on the one hand and their development on the other, emphasized in the forms of the sources of funding available to them. For that purpose are used statistical analyzes and comparisons, and are accepted conclusions about the current situation with the SMEs environment and the forms of financing of SMEs in Macedonia
2009年至2013年期间,马其顿共和国中小企业对就业和附加值的影响略有增加。与该地区其他经济体一样,大多数中小企业从事批发和零售贸易(44.0%),其次是制造业(13.0%)(经合组织2016年)。基于中小企业在马其顿经济中的重要性,本文旨在指出马其顿经济在刺激中小企业预期寿命方面的明显弱点与它们的发展之间存在的差距,并强调了它们可获得的资金来源的形式。为此目的,对马其顿中小企业环境的现状和中小企业融资形式进行了统计分析和比较,并得出了公认的结论
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引用次数: 0
Economic Perspectives 1/2021 经济展望/2021
IF 8.4 1区 经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2021-10-08 DOI: 10.46779/epj.v1i1
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of Economic Perspectives
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