Pub Date : 2023-05-22DOI: 10.3846/jeelm.2023.19018
G. Yücel, K. Erken
This study aimed to investigate the ornamental utilization, two-year growth performance in natural habitat and cultural conditions, generative production methods, and morphologic and phenologic plant properties of Campanula grandis, which is an endemic species demonstrating ornamental plant potential and needs ex-situ conservation and cultivation. In addition, the germination and growth performance of seeds collected in the new season was compared with seeds that were kept for one year. Seeds stored dry for 3 months at 4 °C and then treated with 200 ppm GA3 exhibited the highest germination percentage (76%). Furthermore, GA3 treated seeds had best germination speed, shortening the germination time. This study also identified the ideal temperature for germination as 20 °C for the best germination rate. It was revealed that the number of flowers on the plant in natural habitat was 48 while in cultural conditions it was found as 165 flowers in biennial plants. The seedlings were planted in an ex-situ collection garden established for placing the Campanula grandis species under conservation. The Campanula grandis species has the potential for use as an ornamental plant for landscaping applications due to its lengthy flowering period, vigorous second-year stem growth, and numerous, enormous, flamboyant, blue-purple, and bell-shaped flowers.
{"title":"OPTIMAL GERMINATION METHODS, ORNAMENTAL PLANT FEATURES, AND EX SITU CONSERVATION OF ENDEMIC CAMPANULA GRANDIS FISCH & C.A. MEY","authors":"G. Yücel, K. Erken","doi":"10.3846/jeelm.2023.19018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3846/jeelm.2023.19018","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to investigate the ornamental utilization, two-year growth performance in natural habitat and cultural conditions, generative production methods, and morphologic and phenologic plant properties of Campanula grandis, which is an endemic species demonstrating ornamental plant potential and needs ex-situ conservation and cultivation. In addition, the germination and growth performance of seeds collected in the new season was compared with seeds that were kept for one year. Seeds stored dry for 3 months at 4 °C and then treated with 200 ppm GA3 exhibited the highest germination percentage (76%). Furthermore, GA3 treated seeds had best germination speed, shortening the germination time. This study also identified the ideal temperature for germination as 20 °C for the best germination rate. It was revealed that the number of flowers on the plant in natural habitat was 48 while in cultural conditions it was found as 165 flowers in biennial plants. The seedlings were planted in an ex-situ collection garden established for placing the Campanula grandis species under conservation. The Campanula grandis species has the potential for use as an ornamental plant for landscaping applications due to its lengthy flowering period, vigorous second-year stem growth, and numerous, enormous, flamboyant, blue-purple, and bell-shaped flowers.","PeriodicalId":15653,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44480726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-18DOI: 10.3846/jeelm.2023.19014
Balakrishnan Thanga Gurusamy, A. Vasudeo
Flood Risk Potential across South Asian Floodplains corresponding to 2010 economic exposures had been reported to be about 11 billion US2012$ and contributing more than 10% of Global values. Ecosystem approaches, based on Integrated Flood Management strategy of World Meteorological Organization, have been explored for balanced socio-economic and ecological adaptability enhancement, considering degradation of ecosystem services as fundamental issues and adaptation as optional solution. Adaptive Management methods have been explored for Flood Risk Minimization. General benefits of balanced socio-economic and ecological adaptation have been reviewed. Distributions of flood hazards, Gross Domestic Product, flood risk, Net Primary Productivity, carbon dioxide emissions and landscapes heterogeneity have been presented and analyzed for its influences over socio-economic and ecological adaptability. Distributions of Expected Annual Exposed socio-economic resources across 500 Years floodplains have been presented. Projected results corresponding to various two dimensional socio-environmental scenarios have been presented. Low Adaptable regions have been delineated.
{"title":"SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND ECOLOGICAL ADAPTABILITY ACROSS SOUTH ASIAN FLOODPLAINS","authors":"Balakrishnan Thanga Gurusamy, A. Vasudeo","doi":"10.3846/jeelm.2023.19014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3846/jeelm.2023.19014","url":null,"abstract":"Flood Risk Potential across South Asian Floodplains corresponding to 2010 economic exposures had been reported to be about 11 billion US2012$ and contributing more than 10% of Global values. Ecosystem approaches, based on Integrated Flood Management strategy of World Meteorological Organization, have been explored for balanced socio-economic and ecological adaptability enhancement, considering degradation of ecosystem services as fundamental issues and adaptation as optional solution. Adaptive Management methods have been explored for Flood Risk Minimization. General benefits of balanced socio-economic and ecological adaptation have been reviewed. Distributions of flood hazards, Gross Domestic Product, flood risk, Net Primary Productivity, carbon dioxide emissions and landscapes heterogeneity have been presented and analyzed for its influences over socio-economic and ecological adaptability. Distributions of Expected Annual Exposed socio-economic resources across 500 Years floodplains have been presented. Projected results corresponding to various two dimensional socio-environmental scenarios have been presented. Low Adaptable regions have been delineated.","PeriodicalId":15653,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44661780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-10DOI: 10.3846/jeelm.2023.19016
Chuan Li, Lin-Kang Chen, Huan Li, Zi-mei Miao, Rui Yang, L. Chu, Ling-hua Mao
This research conducted a series of experiments, determined that 40% is the optimal sand-soil ratio, built three rain gardens, and planted Ilex chinensis Sims and Cynodon dactylon as a key element in the rain gardens. Among them, rain garden A was planted with only Cynodon dactylon for a one-year observation period. Rain gardens B and C, designed as three-year rain gardens, were planted with Ilex chinensis Sims or Cynodon dactylon, respectively. The method of simulating rainwater runoff was used to monitor the rain gardens continuously. The results showed that the total runoff reduction rates of rain gardens A, B, and C were 43%, 53%, and 55%, respectively. The average removal rates of pollutant suspended solids in rain gardens A, B, and C were 94%, 88%, and 87%, respectively, and the suspended solids pollution load reduction rate reached 96%, 94%, and 95%, respectively. This would be significant for future work and as a reference for the selection of plants for rain gardens in China.
{"title":"EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF PLANTS ON RUNOFF REDUCTION AND SUSPENDED SOLIDS REMOVAL IN RAIN GARDENS","authors":"Chuan Li, Lin-Kang Chen, Huan Li, Zi-mei Miao, Rui Yang, L. Chu, Ling-hua Mao","doi":"10.3846/jeelm.2023.19016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3846/jeelm.2023.19016","url":null,"abstract":"This research conducted a series of experiments, determined that 40% is the optimal sand-soil ratio, built three rain gardens, and planted Ilex chinensis Sims and Cynodon dactylon as a key element in the rain gardens. Among them, rain garden A was planted with only Cynodon dactylon for a one-year observation period. Rain gardens B and C, designed as three-year rain gardens, were planted with Ilex chinensis Sims or Cynodon dactylon, respectively. The method of simulating rainwater runoff was used to monitor the rain gardens continuously. The results showed that the total runoff reduction rates of rain gardens A, B, and C were 43%, 53%, and 55%, respectively. The average removal rates of pollutant suspended solids in rain gardens A, B, and C were 94%, 88%, and 87%, respectively, and the suspended solids pollution load reduction rate reached 96%, 94%, and 95%, respectively. This would be significant for future work and as a reference for the selection of plants for rain gardens in China.","PeriodicalId":15653,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49233952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-26DOI: 10.3846/jeelm.2023.17410
M. Fayad, W. Alani, H. Dhahad, Jing Zheng
In this study, the impact of butanol-diesel blends and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on engine performance, NOX emissions, smoke, and particulate matter (PM) characteristics were experimentally investigated under fuel post-injection condition. The maximum peak of cylinder pressure is achieved under without EGR compared with applied different rates of EGR. Furthermore, the brake thermal efficiency (BTE) increased during the combustion of B20 and B10 by 4.25% and 2.61%, respectively, compared with diesel fuel combustion. Considerable reductions in carbonaceous gas emissions (CO and THC) and nitrogen oxides (NOX) were achieved from combustion of B20 and B10 compared to the diesel fuel for with and without EGR. The NOX emissions decreased with 30% of EGR compared with 15% of EGR for all fuels studied. The results indicated that the addition butanol to the diesel fuel significantly reduced smoke opacity and soot emissions by 31.3% and 35.26%, respectively, compared with diesel. It is observed that an effective reduction of the NOX emissions to be higher during the combustion of B20 compared to the combustion of B10 and diesel for different EGR rates. The results of PM emission showed increase by 16% under 15% of EGR and 28% under 30% of EGR compared to the without EGR for all fuels tested. The number, concentration and size of PM decreased from combustion of B20 and B10 compared with diesel fuel combustion for with and without EGR.
{"title":"DIMINUTION OF AIR POLLUTION FROM NOX AND SMOKE/SOOT EMITTED FROM ALCOHOLS/DIESEL BLENDS IN DIESEL ENGINE AND INFLUENCE OF THE EXHAUST GAS RECIRCULATION (EGR)","authors":"M. Fayad, W. Alani, H. Dhahad, Jing Zheng","doi":"10.3846/jeelm.2023.17410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3846/jeelm.2023.17410","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the impact of butanol-diesel blends and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on engine performance, NOX emissions, smoke, and particulate matter (PM) characteristics were experimentally investigated under fuel post-injection condition. The maximum peak of cylinder pressure is achieved under without EGR compared with applied different rates of EGR. Furthermore, the brake thermal efficiency (BTE) increased during the combustion of B20 and B10 by 4.25% and 2.61%, respectively, compared with diesel fuel combustion. Considerable reductions in carbonaceous gas emissions (CO and THC) and nitrogen oxides (NOX) were achieved from combustion of B20 and B10 compared to the diesel fuel for with and without EGR. The NOX emissions decreased with 30% of EGR compared with 15% of EGR for all fuels studied. The results indicated that the addition butanol to the diesel fuel significantly reduced smoke opacity and soot emissions by 31.3% and 35.26%, respectively, compared with diesel. It is observed that an effective reduction of the NOX emissions to be higher during the combustion of B20 compared to the combustion of B10 and diesel for different EGR rates. The results of PM emission showed increase by 16% under 15% of EGR and 28% under 30% of EGR compared to the without EGR for all fuels tested. The number, concentration and size of PM decreased from combustion of B20 and B10 compared with diesel fuel combustion for with and without EGR.","PeriodicalId":15653,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45513148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In our previous work, a microbial consortium GF-20 (Qinggeer et al., 2016) was enriched from compost habitats and adapted to efficiently and stably degrade corn stover under low temperatures. While the main microorganism and degradation-related functions and degradation-related coding enzyme genes of GF-20 were not clear. Therefore, the current study used the metagenomic to decipher the systematic and functional contexts within such microbial consortium under low temperatures. The results showed that the dominant functional microbials in GF-20 consortium were bacteria. The dominant phylums in GF-20 consortium were Proteobacteria (62.84%) and Bacteroidetes (10.24%). The dominant genus was Pseudomonas (50.84%), followed by Dysgonomonas (5.86%), Achromobacter (4.94%), Stenotrophomonas (3.67%) and Flavobacterium (2.04%). The metabolism was mainly composed of carbohydrate metabolism and amino acid metabolism, and included signal transduction, cell transport and other metabolic modes. The functional genes encoded were mainly distributed in glycosidolytic enzyme genes, and the functional enzymes were β-glucosidase, acetyl-CoA, pyruvate dehydrogenase and galactosidase. The GF-20 microbial consortium degraded the cellulose in corn stover primarily by β-glucosidase and endoglucanase, which were produced by 12 genera of microorganisms. The hemicellulose synergistic effect was produced by 15 genera of microorganisms including xylanase, xyloglucanase, mannolanase and branching enzyme.
在我们之前的工作中，微生物联合体GF-20 (Qinggeer et al.， 2016)从堆肥栖息地富集，适应在低温下高效稳定地降解玉米秸秆。而GF-20的主要微生物及降解相关功能和降解相关编码酶基因尚不清楚。因此，目前的研究使用宏基因组来破译低温下这些微生物联合体的系统和功能背景。结果表明，GF-20菌群中功能微生物以细菌为主。GF-20联合体的优势门为变形杆菌门(62.84%)和拟杆菌门(10.24%)。优势属为假单胞菌(50.84%)，其次为厌单胞菌(5.86%)、无色杆菌(4.94%)、窄养单胞菌(3.67%)和黄杆菌(2.04%)。代谢以碳水化合物代谢和氨基酸代谢为主，包括信号转导、细胞转运等代谢方式。编码的功能基因主要分布在糖苷酶基因中，功能酶为β-葡萄糖苷酶、乙酰辅酶a、丙酮酸脱氢酶和半乳糖糖苷酶。GF-20菌群主要通过12属微生物产生的β-葡萄糖苷酶和内切葡聚糖酶降解玉米秸秆中的纤维素。木聚糖酶、木葡聚糖酶、甘露聚糖酶和分枝酶等15属微生物产生了半纤维素协同效应。
{"title":"METAGENOMIC ANALYSIS OF MICROBIAL CONSORTIUM GF-20 IN CORN STOVER DEGRADATION AT LOW TEMPERATURE","authors":"Bi-zhou Zhang, Qinggeer Borjigin, Julin Gao, Xiaofang Yu, Shu-ping Hu, Fu-gui Wang, Xin Zhang, Sheng-cai Han","doi":"10.3846/jeelm.2023.18489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3846/jeelm.2023.18489","url":null,"abstract":"In our previous work, a microbial consortium GF-20 (Qinggeer et al., 2016) was enriched from compost habitats and adapted to efficiently and stably degrade corn stover under low temperatures. While the main microorganism and degradation-related functions and degradation-related coding enzyme genes of GF-20 were not clear. Therefore, the current study used the metagenomic to decipher the systematic and functional contexts within such microbial consortium under low temperatures. The results showed that the dominant functional microbials in GF-20 consortium were bacteria. The dominant phylums in GF-20 consortium were Proteobacteria (62.84%) and Bacteroidetes (10.24%). The dominant genus was Pseudomonas (50.84%), followed by Dysgonomonas (5.86%), Achromobacter (4.94%), Stenotrophomonas (3.67%) and Flavobacterium (2.04%). The metabolism was mainly composed of carbohydrate metabolism and amino acid metabolism, and included signal transduction, cell transport and other metabolic modes. The functional genes encoded were mainly distributed in glycosidolytic enzyme genes, and the functional enzymes were β-glucosidase, acetyl-CoA, pyruvate dehydrogenase and galactosidase. The GF-20 microbial consortium degraded the cellulose in corn stover primarily by β-glucosidase and endoglucanase, which were produced by 12 genera of microorganisms. The hemicellulose synergistic effect was produced by 15 genera of microorganisms including xylanase, xyloglucanase, mannolanase and branching enzyme.","PeriodicalId":15653,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42693877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-08DOI: 10.3846/jeelm.2023.18064
R. Mastouri, Hassan Pourfallah Koushali, M. Khaledian
This study focuses on the pollutants from urban runoff to Zarjoob River, which is one of the rivers leading to Anzali International Wetland, which was listed in the Montreux Record in 1993 as a site in need of priority conservation. Storm water runoff from a residential area in Rasht (the largest city on Iran’s Caspian Sea coast) was monitored in this study during thirteen rainfall events, with a total of 58 storm runoff samples collected from 2018 to 2019. In most rainfall events, the mean concentration of total suspended solids (TSS) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were higher than the other pollutants. The event mean concentrations (EMC) of TSS loads ranged from 57.3 mg/L to 682.5 mg/L and from 46.7 mg/L to 590.4 mg/L for COD. The site mean concentrations (SMC) for TSS, COD, total phosphorus (Total P), nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N), and total lead (Pb) were 219, 205, 1.91, 20.63, and 0.25 mg/L, respectively. The first flush coefficient (b) was used to evaluate the first flushing of various events. The results of the study confirmed that the first flush occurred in all events, and the average ranking of first flush strength among the pollutants was COD > NO3-N > TP > Pb > TSS. Controlling one-third of the initial runoff volume appeared to be critical for managing the quality of urban rivers in humid regions. The findings of this study can be applied to urban runoff management strategies in cities with similar climatic conditions.
{"title":"THE FIRST FLUSH ANALYSIS OF STORMWATER RUNOFF IN A HUMID CLIMATE","authors":"R. Mastouri, Hassan Pourfallah Koushali, M. Khaledian","doi":"10.3846/jeelm.2023.18064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3846/jeelm.2023.18064","url":null,"abstract":"This study focuses on the pollutants from urban runoff to Zarjoob River, which is one of the rivers leading to Anzali International Wetland, which was listed in the Montreux Record in 1993 as a site in need of priority conservation. Storm water runoff from a residential area in Rasht (the largest city on Iran’s Caspian Sea coast) was monitored in this study during thirteen rainfall events, with a total of 58 storm runoff samples collected from 2018 to 2019. In most rainfall events, the mean concentration of total suspended solids (TSS) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were higher than the other pollutants. The event mean concentrations (EMC) of TSS loads ranged from 57.3 mg/L to 682.5 mg/L and from 46.7 mg/L to 590.4 mg/L for COD. The site mean concentrations (SMC) for TSS, COD, total phosphorus (Total P), nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N), and total lead (Pb) were 219, 205, 1.91, 20.63, and 0.25 mg/L, respectively. The first flush coefficient (b) was used to evaluate the first flushing of various events. The results of the study confirmed that the first flush occurred in all events, and the average ranking of first flush strength among the pollutants was COD > NO3-N > TP > Pb > TSS. Controlling one-third of the initial runoff volume appeared to be critical for managing the quality of urban rivers in humid regions. The findings of this study can be applied to urban runoff management strategies in cities with similar climatic conditions.","PeriodicalId":15653,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44715131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-28DOI: 10.3846/jeelm.2023.18488
Yang Liu, Yakai Lei, D. Johnston, Mingyu Jiang, Nalin Dong, D. Xie, Zitong Ma, Xinyu Zhang, Nan Guo
Cemetery landscapes are austere and generally require maintenance. The materials and equipment used for maintenance emit greenhouse gases (GHGs). This research aimed to quantify the annual GHG emissions and global warming potential (GWP) indices of traditional and natural cemeteries for more environmentally friendly green and grey facility planning of cemetery areas. Based on life cycle assessment (LCA), in Yorkshire, UK, as an example, traditional cemeteries were found to be mostly established with landscaped cemetery facilities, and natural cemeteries were found to include mostly underground burials covered with wild plants. The average GHG emissions per hm2 in traditional cemetery maintenance (1,552.88 kg/CO2-e) were 1.8 times those in natural cemeteries (870.88 kg/CO2-e). In the cemetery plant community, the mean GHG emissions for grassland maintenance (1,867.65 kg/CO2-e) were 6.7, 2.8 and 2.3 times higher than the woodland, meadow and shrub maintenance values of 280.77, 673.03 and 821.00 kg/CO2-e, respectively. The mean GWP indexes for traditional and natural cemetery green space maintenance were 0.027 and 0.015, respectively, which were generally higher than those for urban green space maintenance (0.010). This research recommends replacing grasslands with wild meadows, reducing the size of ground cemetery facilities and limiting the application of maintenance materials (i.e., irrigation water and pesticides) to reduce the environmental impact of green space in cemeteries.
{"title":"QUANTITATIVE STUDY ON GHG EMISSIONS AND THE GWP INFLUENCE OF CEMETERY GREEN SPACE MAINTENANCE BASED ON LCA","authors":"Yang Liu, Yakai Lei, D. Johnston, Mingyu Jiang, Nalin Dong, D. Xie, Zitong Ma, Xinyu Zhang, Nan Guo","doi":"10.3846/jeelm.2023.18488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3846/jeelm.2023.18488","url":null,"abstract":"Cemetery landscapes are austere and generally require maintenance. The materials and equipment used for maintenance emit greenhouse gases (GHGs). This research aimed to quantify the annual GHG emissions and global warming potential (GWP) indices of traditional and natural cemeteries for more environmentally friendly green and grey facility planning of cemetery areas. Based on life cycle assessment (LCA), in Yorkshire, UK, as an example, traditional cemeteries were found to be mostly established with landscaped cemetery facilities, and natural cemeteries were found to include mostly underground burials covered with wild plants. The average GHG emissions per hm2 in traditional cemetery maintenance (1,552.88 kg/CO2-e) were 1.8 times those in natural cemeteries (870.88 kg/CO2-e). In the cemetery plant community, the mean GHG emissions for grassland maintenance (1,867.65 kg/CO2-e) were 6.7, 2.8 and 2.3 times higher than the woodland, meadow and shrub maintenance values of 280.77, 673.03 and 821.00 kg/CO2-e, respectively. The mean GWP indexes for traditional and natural cemetery green space maintenance were 0.027 and 0.015, respectively, which were generally higher than those for urban green space maintenance (0.010). This research recommends replacing grasslands with wild meadows, reducing the size of ground cemetery facilities and limiting the application of maintenance materials (i.e., irrigation water and pesticides) to reduce the environmental impact of green space in cemeteries.","PeriodicalId":15653,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41642857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-09DOI: 10.3846/jeelm.2023.18482
Nidal M. Hussein, Mohammed N. Assaf
An urban heat island phenomenon has increased in the last decades due to rapid urbanization, resulting in a significant impact on local climate. In this study, remote sensing data was used to analyze Spatiotemporal patterns of Urban Heat Island Intensity (UHII) over a 20 years period in a semi-arid climate area. The relationship between the Land Surface Temperature (LST), vegetation and Land Cover Types (LCTs) were examined. The relation between the UHII and its driving factors (different LCTs and meteorological conditions) was analyzed. Analysis of 8-day daytime and nighttime LST data acquired from MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) shows that Amman has a significant UHII in both daytime and night time. The results show a negative correlation between the LST and vegetation indicators and between the UHII and the wind speed average, indicating a positive correlation between the UHII and temperature. Vegetation has been proven to significantly reduce LST, mainly in the daytime, due to its cooling effect that results from the transpiration process and shadow effect.
{"title":"ASSESSMENT OF SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION OF URBAN HEAT ISLANDS (UHI) IN SEMI-ARID CLIMATE","authors":"Nidal M. Hussein, Mohammed N. Assaf","doi":"10.3846/jeelm.2023.18482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3846/jeelm.2023.18482","url":null,"abstract":"An urban heat island phenomenon has increased in the last decades due to rapid urbanization, resulting in a significant impact on local climate. In this study, remote sensing data was used to analyze Spatiotemporal patterns of Urban Heat Island Intensity (UHII) over a 20 years period in a semi-arid climate area. The relationship between the Land Surface Temperature (LST), vegetation and Land Cover Types (LCTs) were examined. The relation between the UHII and its driving factors (different LCTs and meteorological conditions) was analyzed. Analysis of 8-day daytime and nighttime LST data acquired from MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) shows that Amman has a significant UHII in both daytime and night time. The results show a negative correlation between the LST and vegetation indicators and between the UHII and the wind speed average, indicating a positive correlation between the UHII and temperature. Vegetation has been proven to significantly reduce LST, mainly in the daytime, due to its cooling effect that results from the transpiration process and shadow effect.","PeriodicalId":15653,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43456390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-31DOI: 10.3846/jeelm.2023.18487
H. Çakar, O. Akat Saracoglu, H. Akat, C. Kılıç, H. Adanacıoğlu
This research was carried out in Izmir-Turkiye and investigated the potential of using three different substrates (cocopeat, loofah and perlite) in the design of green roofs with succulents (Crassula ovata) in aim to improve their performance. In this research, four different groups (G1: Soil-Cocopeat, G2: Soil-Loofah, G3: Soil-Perlite and G4: Soil) were created according to the plant growing media used in the planting layer. The researchers conducted measurements of the drained irrigation water’s EC (Electrical Conductivity) value, pH value and drainage amount, the plant growing media’s temperature and moisture, the plant’s height and leaf number, and the amount of subsidence in the planting layer. In line with the results obtained from the evaluations of the analyses, it is possible to say that perlite (G3) offers more advantages than its alternatives in terms of many variables. However, according to the conclusive results, it has been understood that the use of a single type of substrate as plant growing media would not be sufficient to encourage the maximum performance of green roofs. To ensure that, considering the advantages of each substrate group, it is proposed that their combined use would be more beneficial.
{"title":"THE POTENTIAL FOR USING DIFFERENT SUBSTRATES IN GREEN ROOFS","authors":"H. Çakar, O. Akat Saracoglu, H. Akat, C. Kılıç, H. Adanacıoğlu","doi":"10.3846/jeelm.2023.18487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3846/jeelm.2023.18487","url":null,"abstract":"This research was carried out in Izmir-Turkiye and investigated the potential of using three different substrates (cocopeat, loofah and perlite) in the design of green roofs with succulents (Crassula ovata) in aim to improve their performance. In this research, four different groups (G1: Soil-Cocopeat, G2: Soil-Loofah, G3: Soil-Perlite and G4: Soil) were created according to the plant growing media used in the planting layer. The researchers conducted measurements of the drained irrigation water’s EC (Electrical Conductivity) value, pH value and drainage amount, the plant growing media’s temperature and moisture, the plant’s height and leaf number, and the amount of subsidence in the planting layer. In line with the results obtained from the evaluations of the analyses, it is possible to say that perlite (G3) offers more advantages than its alternatives in terms of many variables. However, according to the conclusive results, it has been understood that the use of a single type of substrate as plant growing media would not be sufficient to encourage the maximum performance of green roofs. To ensure that, considering the advantages of each substrate group, it is proposed that their combined use would be more beneficial.","PeriodicalId":15653,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48508372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Continuous global warming and frequent extreme high temperatures keep the urban climate health risk increasing, seriously threatening residents’ emotional health. Therefore, analysis on spatial distribution of the health risk that the urban heat island (UHI) effect imposes on emotional health as well as basic research on the characteristics of vulnerable populations need to be conducted. This study, with Tianjin city as the case, analyzed data from Landsat remote-sensing images, meteorological stations, and digital maps, explored the influence of summer UHI effect on distress (a typical negative emotion factor) and its spatiotemporal evolution, and conducted difference analysis on the age groups, genders, family state, and distress levels of vulnerable populations. The results show: (1) During the period of 1992–2020, the level and area of UHI influence on residents’ distress drastically increased–influence level elevated from level 2–4 to level 4–7, and highlevel influence areas were concentrated in six districts of central Tianjin. (2) Influence of the UHI effect on distress varied in different age groups–generally dropping with fluctuations as residents got older, especially residents aged 50–59. (3) Men experienced a W-shaped pattern in distress and were more irritable and unsteady emotionally; while women were more sensitive to distress in the beginning, but they became more placid as temperature got higher. (4) Studies on family status show that couples living together showed sound heat resistance in the face of heat stress, while middle-aged and elderly people living alone or with children were relatively weak in adjusting to high ambient temperature.
{"title":"HEALTH RISK APPRAISAL OF URBAN THERMAL ENVIRONMENT AND CHARACTERISTIC ANALYSIS ON VULNERABLE POPULATIONS","authors":"Huanchun Huang, Yimin Zhao, Xin Deng, Hailin Yang, Lijian Ren","doi":"10.3846/jeelm.2023.17635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3846/jeelm.2023.17635","url":null,"abstract":"Continuous global warming and frequent extreme high temperatures keep the urban climate health risk increasing, seriously threatening residents’ emotional health. Therefore, analysis on spatial distribution of the health risk that the urban heat island (UHI) effect imposes on emotional health as well as basic research on the characteristics of vulnerable populations need to be conducted. This study, with Tianjin city as the case, analyzed data from Landsat remote-sensing images, meteorological stations, and digital maps, explored the influence of summer UHI effect on distress (a typical negative emotion factor) and its spatiotemporal evolution, and conducted difference analysis on the age groups, genders, family state, and distress levels of vulnerable populations. The results show: (1) During the period of 1992–2020, the level and area of UHI influence on residents’ distress drastically increased–influence level elevated from level 2–4 to level 4–7, and highlevel influence areas were concentrated in six districts of central Tianjin. (2) Influence of the UHI effect on distress varied in different age groups–generally dropping with fluctuations as residents got older, especially residents aged 50–59. (3) Men experienced a W-shaped pattern in distress and were more irritable and unsteady emotionally; while women were more sensitive to distress in the beginning, but they became more placid as temperature got higher. (4) Studies on family status show that couples living together showed sound heat resistance in the face of heat stress, while middle-aged and elderly people living alone or with children were relatively weak in adjusting to high ambient temperature.","PeriodicalId":15653,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45796772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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