Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics最新文献

{"title":"Journal Article Reviews.","authors":"Carol C Weitzman, Oana DeVinck-Baroody, Cristina E. Farrell, Cy B. Nadler, Jennifer K. Poon","doi":"10.1097/DBP.0000000000000692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/DBP.0000000000000692","url":null,"abstract":"Autism, Communication English MS, Tenenbaum EJ, Levine TP, et al. Perception of cry characteristics in 1-month-old infants later diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. J Autism Dev Disord. 2019;49:834–844. Evidence suggests that the preverbal vocalizations of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) differ from children without ASD, but the extent to which parents of children with and without ASD perceive these differences is unknown. This study recruited mothers of children with ASD (n 5 22) or typically developing controls (TD; n 5 20) to rate their perceptions of the cries of 1-month-old infants, some of whom would later be diagnosed with ASD. Audio recordings of cries were standardized 15-second samples obtained from a previous study and matched on developmental level and prenatal exposures. Mothers of children with ASD and TD children both rated the cries of children later diagnosed with ASD to be more distressing [F(1, 36) 5 45.62, p , 0.01], atypical [F(1, 37) 5 18.57, p , 0.01], and more reflective of pain [F(1, 39) 5 32.20, p , 0.01]. Parents of children with ASD had higher scores on a measure of broader autism phenotype (BAP) [t(40) 5 22.16, p 5 0.04], but BAP scores were not significantly correlated with parent perceptions of infant cries. While based on a small sample size, these results support the hypothesis that biomarkers associated with later ASD diagnosis are present in early infancy; moreover, the results do not support that exposure to a child with ASD or elevated BAP is associated with atypical perception of infant cries. Studies with more parent raters, more samples of infant cries, and acoustic analyses to characterize differences in infant cries in ASD are needed. C.B.N.","PeriodicalId":15655,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77794462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Infant's Gratitude.","authors":"P. Gorski","doi":"10.1097/DBP.0000000000000688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/DBP.0000000000000688","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15655,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79021786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Remembrance: Murray Kappelman","authors":"L. Grossman","doi":"10.1097/DBP.0000000000000673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/DBP.0000000000000673","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15655,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75890577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Journal Article Reviews.","authors":"Carol C Weitzman, Cy B. Nadler, J. H. Sia, Jennifer K. Poon","doi":"10.1097/DBP.0000000000000672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/DBP.0000000000000672","url":null,"abstract":"Adolescent Victimization, Brain Development Quinlan EB, Barker ED, Luo Q, Banaschewski T, Bokde ALW, Bromberg U, et al. Peer victimization and its impact on adolescent brain development and psychopathology. Mol Psychiatry. Published online December 2018. There is limited neuroimaging research on peer victimization (PV). The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between chronic PV and regional brain volumes. Participants (n 5 682, 46% male) were from the IMAGEN project, a multisite, longitudinal study of adolescent brain development and mental health. At 14, 16, and 19 years of age, PV was assessed using a questionnaire, and a brain MRI was performed. At the age of 19 years, psychopathology symptoms were assessed using the computer-administered Developmental and Well-Being Assessment (DAWBA) and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Results showed the following PV scores (mean [SD, range]) at 14, 16, and 19 years of age, respectively: (4.0 [1.6, 3–13]); (3.5 [1.2, 3–13]); and (3.3 [1.0, 3–15]), respectively. In the latent profile analysis, there were 2 groups identified with no significant difference in sex: chronically high PV (high peer victimization [HPV], n 5 36, 38% male) and low PV (low peer victimization [LPV], n 5 646, 46% male). Compared with the LPV group, the HPV group had higher SDQ scores (emotional symptoms: U 5 7829.0, r 5 20.13, p 5 0.001; hyperactivity: U 5 8223.0, r 5 20.11, p 5 0.003) and higher DAWBA scores (depression: U 5 6557.0, r 5 20.13, p 5 0.001; generalized anxiety: U 5 9101.5, r 5 20.10, p 5 0.006). Further analysis showed that HPV participants had larger left putamen volume at 14 years (t522.966, p5 0.003, d 5 0.49) but not at 19 years (t 5 21.834, p 5 0.067, d 5 0.30), suggesting greater decreases in putamen volume over time compared with LPV, even after controlling for confounders such as sex and childhood trauma. There was also a negative relationship between generalized anxiety and change in putamen volume (t 5 22.31, p 5 0.021). In the indirect effects analysis, PV was indirectly associated with generalized anxiety by decreases in putamen volume (b 5 0.439, 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.004–0.109) and decreases in caudate volume (b 5 0.036, [95% CI], 0.002–0.099). The authors concluded that adolescent mental health is related to PV mediated by structural brain changes. These have implications for early intervention among HPV adolescents to prevent PVassociated pathological brain changes. J.H.S.","PeriodicalId":15655,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics","volume":"29 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89297916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Journal Article Reviews.","authors":"Carol C Weitzman, Cristina E. Farrell, Sarah S Nyp, J. H. Sia","doi":"10.1097/DBP.0000000000000649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/DBP.0000000000000649","url":null,"abstract":"ADOLESCENT COGNITION AND SUBSTANCE USE Morin JG, Afzali MH, Bourque J, Stewart SH, Séguin JR, O’Leary-Barrett M, and Conrod PJ. A population-based analysis of the relationship between substance use and adolescent cognitive development. AJP. Published online October 2018. Studies have shown a relationship between alcohol and cannabis misuse and cognitive functioning, but the results are mixed. The authors aimed at determining the relationship between adolescent cognition and substance use over time. Data from the Co-Venture study (a longitudinal study on the efficacy of a drug and alcohol prevention program) were used. In September 2012 or 2013, participating 7th graders in the Montreal area [n 5 3826; 53% male; mean (SD) age 5 12.7 y (0.5); 58% European] completed an annual web-based testing for 4 years to assess cognition (spatial working memory, delayed recall memory, perceptual reasoning, and inhibitory control) and substance use (Detection of Alcohol and Drug Problems in Adolescents questionnaire). Cannabis use at least 33/week was observed in 0.69%, 0.91%, 2.47%, and 3.81% of participants during 7th, 8th, 9th, and 10th grade, respectively, whereas alcohol use at least 33/week was observed in 0.31%, 0.34%, 0.36%, and 0.90% of participants during 7th, 8th, 9th, and 10th grade, respectively. After controlling for covariates (socioeconomic status, ethnicity, and family intactness), results showed that cannabis use was associated with poorer working memory (b 5 0.51, SE 5 0.25, p 5 0.04), perceptual reasoning (b 5 20.25, SE 5 0.08, p 5 0.001), and inhibition (b 5 1.19, SE 5 0.48, p , 0.01) during the same period. Further impairment in inhibition a year later was predicted by increases in cannabis use (b5 1.05, SE 5 0.41, p 5 0.01). Alcohol use was associated with lower spatial working memory (b 5 0.09, SE 5 0.05, p , 0.05), lower perceptual reasoning scores (b 5 20.06, SE 5 0.02, p , 0.01), and poorer inhibition (b 5 0.27, SE 5 0.09, p , 0.01) during the same period. Lagged effects were not observed for alcohol. The authors concluded that cannabis use is associated with more significant concurrent and lasting effects than alcohol use in adolescent cognitive functions. The results have implications on making policies that protect youths from substance use. J.H.S. ADOLESCENT DEPRESSION AND RISK BEHAVIORS Bai S, Zeledon LR, D’Amico EJ, Shoptaw S, Avina C, LaBorde AP, et al. Reducing health risk behaviors and improving depression in adolescents: a randomized controlled trial in primary care clinics. J Pedi Psych. October 2018. Health risk behaviors (HRBs) occur frequently with adolescent depression. The effectiveness of addressing multiple HRBs in primary care (PC) to reduce depressive symptoms has not been well studied. The aims of this study were to determine whether a PC intervention would decrease adolescent HRBs and improve depression and to determine associations between HRBs and depression. Adolescents (age: 16.06 6 1.45 years, 43% male) from ","PeriodicalId":15655,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75150503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal Relationship Between Time-Out and Child Emotional and Behavioral Functioning.","authors":"R. Knight, Jeremy J. Albright, Lindsay A. Deling, Dawn Dore-Stites, Amy K. Drayton","doi":"10.1097/DBP.0000000000000725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/DBP.0000000000000725","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE Time-out is a widely used child discipline strategy and one of the only strategies currently recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics. Despite its widespread use and significant evidence to support its effectiveness in decreasing problem behavior, time-out is often suggested to be harmful or ineffective by the popular media and select professional organizations. Empirical evidence regarding possible side effects of time-out is limited. The present study examined the relationship between reported use of time-out and child emotional and behavioral functioning and parent-child relationships using longitudinal, archival data. METHODS The study used archival, longitudinal data from the Early Head Start Research and Evaluation study. This study tracked families with children in Early Head Start at 3 different time points as follows: baseline (aged 0-3 years), pre-kindergarten, and fifth grade. Parent interviews, including questions on the use of time-out, were conducted when the children were 36 months old. Indicators of child emotional and behavioral health were measured at 36 months, pre-K, and fifth grade. Statistical analyses were completed to assess for potential side effects of time-out on child behavioral and emotional functioning and parent-child relationships. RESULTS Analyses for all outcome variables suggest no significant difference for children whose parents reported using time-out versus those who did not. CONCLUSION Parental reported use of time-out was not associated with long-term negative outcomes. Further research in this area is necessary to continue to address the multitude of concerns related to time-out that are presented by the media.","PeriodicalId":15655,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90723613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DBP Evaluations in DBPNet Sites: Is Race/Ethnicity a Significant Factor in Care?","authors":"M. Augustyn, E. Silver, N. Blum, P. High, N. Roizen, R. Stein","doi":"10.1097/DBP.0000000000000710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/DBP.0000000000000710","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE To examine whether there are differences between non-Hispanic white (NHW) and nonwhite (NW) children in referral questions, evaluations, and diagnoses during developmental behavioral pediatrician (DBP) evaluations at academic medical centers and the potential role of socioeconomic factors in any disparities noted. DESIGN/METHODS This observational study used survey data from 56 DBPs at 12 sites participating in DBPNet. Child race and ethnicity were obtained from DBP report. Mixed-model logistic and linear regression analyses controlling for site, provider, and socioeconomic proxy variables (insurance type, parent education, and language spoken at home) were used to compare groups on referral concerns, evaluation procedures, and diagnoses. RESULTS Among the patients evaluated, 349 were NHW, 406 were NW (187 Hispanic, 135 black, 58 Asian/Pacific Islander, and 26 other/mixed), and 29 were missing race/ethnicity data. The mean waiting time controlling for site and provider was 20.4 weeks for NHW children and 20.5 weeks for NW children. Reasons for referral were similar in the NWH and NW groups, with only sleep problem concerns being more frequent among NHW children (9.2% vs 3.4% NW, p = 0.01). Patients also had similar evaluations in the 2 groups; the only differences found were that more NHW than NW children had genetic testing (33.1% vs 19.3%, p = 0.02), ophthalmology evaluations (8.7% vs 3.4%, p = 0.03), and psychopharmacologic evaluations (19.1% vs 9.7%, p = 0.008). Numbers and types of diagnoses did not vary by race/ethnicity. CONCLUSION This study suggests little inequality between NHW and NW children in wait time to care, reasons for referral, workup, or final diagnosis for initial DBP evaluation at these 12 academic DBP centers when socioeconomic factors are considered. Nevertheless, because differences in these related factors may be mechanisms through which racial/ethnic disparities can arise, it will be important to consider them in planning models and care protocols for underserved communities.","PeriodicalId":15655,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74527240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Journal Article Reviews.","authors":"Carol C Weitzman, Rachel M. Moore, Sarah S Nyp, J. H. Sia","doi":"10.1097/DBP.0000000000000633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/DBP.0000000000000633","url":null,"abstract":"ADHD Dvorsky MR, Langberg JM, Evans SW, et al. The protective effects of social factors on the academic functioning of adolescents with ADHD. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol. 2018;47:713–726. Adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often experience clinically significant academic disadvantages (e.g., lower grades and standardized test scores, increased likelihood of school dropout). Research suggests that healthy social functioning (e.g., maintenance of close interpersonal relationships, appropriate use of prosocial behavior and skills, and social acceptance) during middle school may be an important protective factor for youth with ADHD because it has previously been associated with higher academic achievement and school involvement. The current study included adolescents (n 5 93; 72% male students, 78% Caucasian) with clinically confirmed ADHD (n 5 50 ADHD inattentive type [ADHD-I]; n 5 43 ADHD combined type) assessed in fifth (39.9%), sixth (31.1%), or seventh (29%) grade; adolescents were all assessed 18 months later. Approximately 47% of participants were prescribed medication. Comorbid conditions included 45% oppositional defiant disorder or conduct disorder, 27% anxiety, and 14% depressive disorder. Outcomes included selfand parent-reported measures of ADHD and oppositional symptoms, social skills, and perceived social acceptance. Academic outcomes included both objective (e.g., grade point average [GPA]) and subjective (e.g., teacher reported impairment ratings) functioning. Results showed that neither parentnor adolescent-rated social skills demonstrated protective effects for any academic outcome. Only ADHD-I was a significant risk factor for poor grades (b5 20.21, p 5 0.02) and teacher-rated impairment (b 5 0.28, p 5 0.04). The relationship between inattention and grades (e.g., mean GPA 5 2.47) was attenuated for adolescents with high social acceptance as reported both by parents (b 5 0.28, p 5 0.006) and the adolescents (b 5 0.32, p 5 0.04). For adolescents with low parent-reported social acceptance, the relationship between inattention and low grades (e.g., mean GPA 5 1.54) was stronger (t(93) 5 22.01, p 5 0.04). The authors stress the importance of considering the role of specific protective factors; pediatricians for youth with ADHD can encourage participation in interest-specific social groups or clubs. R.M. ADHD, prematurity Ask H, Gustavson K, Ystrom E, et al. Association of gestational age at birth with symptoms of attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder in children. JAMA Pediatr. 2018;172:749–756. Previous studies have demonstrated an association between prematurity and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study is unique in that it sought to explore differences in the association between ADHD symptoms and gestational age at 5 and 8 years of age and the potential impact of maternal/perinatal factors and sex on the association between symptoms of ADHD and gestational age at birth. The Norwe","PeriodicalId":15655,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics","volume":"244 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76531269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Care Coordination Needs for Families of Children with Special Health Care Needs.","authors":"Susan B Roman, P. Dworkin, P. Dickinson, Steven C. Rogers","doi":"10.1097/DBP.0000000000000734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/DBP.0000000000000734","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVES To identify the diverse services required by families of children with special health care needs (CSHCN) and identify the specific care coordination (CC) efforts associated with the most common types of observed diagnoses. Requested services were categorized into specific sectors, and CC efforts were quantified by observed diagnoses and defined sectors. METHODS CC service data were extracted and analyzed from patient encounters over 4 years (2009-2013) in a department database. This included descriptive information about referrals and linkages to medical, dental, and behavioral health providers and to state, private, and community agencies. Diagnostic classifications and CC sectors were defined to enable categorization. RESULTS A total of 2682 CSHCN records were reviewed. The majority (59%) required services/resources in 1 to 2 sectors, 24% required services/resources in 3 to 5 sectors, and 17% required services/resources in 6 or more sectors. Including informational service, the most frequently required sectors across the study population were education, financial, medical/dental, social connections, and advocacy. Children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder had the highest needs across all sectors. CONCLUSION Most CSHCN and their families use a substantial amount of CC time and effort to secure services from diverse sectors. High-quality and efficient CC requires an understanding of the specific needs of these CSHCN and their families and how to link them to a diverse array of services and resources.","PeriodicalId":15655,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79805230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Barriers to Treatment Adherence Among College Students with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.","authors":"Scott T. Wagoner, Megan R. Schaefer, Alana Rawlinson, S. Shapiro, J. Kavookjian, W. Gray","doi":"10.1097/DBP.0000000000000723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/DBP.0000000000000723","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE The current study sought to obtain a longitudinal perspective of and quantitatively assess barriers to medication adherence experienced by college students with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Thus, we examined semester-long trends in barriers to adherence in addition to the relationships between barriers and medication adherence and barriers and quality of life. METHODS Participants were college students diagnosed with ADHD. Throughout a Fall semester, participants completed 4 sets of online questionnaires and attended 4 in-person visits, which included pill counts and written questionnaires. Participants completed measures assessing barriers to adherence and health-related quality of life, and adherence was measured via pill counts. Mean values of barriers, adherence rate, and quality of life were used for all analyses. RESULTS Of the 45 students surveyed, mean adherence rate was 56.70%, and 84.45% of participants reported at least 1 barrier. Across the semester, participants reported experiencing an average of 3.07 barriers, and a consistent barrier reported was not realizing when pills run out. Although reported barriers were unrelated to adherence, the results showed that barriers were associated with lowered quality of life, specifically lower overall quality of life in addition to lower emotional functioning, psychosocial health, school functioning, and physical functioning. CONCLUSION Barriers to adherence appear to be common in college students with ADHD, and certain barriers are consistent with the planning difficulties observed in individuals with ADHD. Because students experiencing more barriers had lower quality of life, interventions are needed to improve students' overall illness management experience.","PeriodicalId":15655,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79497079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}