Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.1097/DBP.0000000000000744
Yael Dvir, J. Frazier, R. Joseph, Irina Mokrova, P. Moore, T. M. OʼShea, S. Hooper, H. Santos, K. Kuban
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the percentage of children born extremely preterm (EP) who screen positive for ≥1 DSM-IV psychiatric disorders, the co-occurrence of and sex-related differences in these classifications, and the functional correlates of psychiatric symptoms. METHODS The Extremely Low Gestational Age Newborn (ELGAN) Study is a prospective cohort follow-up of children born <28 weeks' gestation. For 871 10-year-old children, parents completed the Child Symptom Inventory-4 (CSI-4), a child educational/medical history questionnaire, and the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL). RESULTS At age 10 years, ELGANs were more likely to screen positive for a number of psychiatric disorders when compared with normative expectations on the CSI-4, with a few sex-related differences. Fifteen percent of participants screened positive for 1 disorder, 7% for 2, 3% for 3, and 4% for ≥4 psychiatric disorders. Compared with children who did not screen positive for psychiatric disorders, children who screened positive for ≥3 psychiatric disorders were approximately twice as likely to have repeated a grade, have an individualized educational program, have an individual school aide, and to require special remediation classes. Children who screened positive for any psychiatric disorder were 4 times more likely to use 1 or more psychotropic medication, and those who screened positive for ≥2 psychiatric disorders had lower PedsQL scores. CONCLUSION Among 10-year-old children born EP, rates of psychiatric symptoms exceeded normative expectation, and children who screened positive for more than 1 psychiatric disorder were at increased risk of having multiple functional impairments.
{"title":"Psychiatric Symptoms: Prevalence, Co-occurrence, and Functioning Among Extremely Low Gestational Age Newborns at Age 10 Years.","authors":"Yael Dvir, J. Frazier, R. Joseph, Irina Mokrova, P. Moore, T. M. OʼShea, S. Hooper, H. Santos, K. Kuban","doi":"10.1097/DBP.0000000000000744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/DBP.0000000000000744","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE\u0000To evaluate the percentage of children born extremely preterm (EP) who screen positive for ≥1 DSM-IV psychiatric disorders, the co-occurrence of and sex-related differences in these classifications, and the functional correlates of psychiatric symptoms.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000The Extremely Low Gestational Age Newborn (ELGAN) Study is a prospective cohort follow-up of children born <28 weeks' gestation. For 871 10-year-old children, parents completed the Child Symptom Inventory-4 (CSI-4), a child educational/medical history questionnaire, and the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL).\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000At age 10 years, ELGANs were more likely to screen positive for a number of psychiatric disorders when compared with normative expectations on the CSI-4, with a few sex-related differences. Fifteen percent of participants screened positive for 1 disorder, 7% for 2, 3% for 3, and 4% for ≥4 psychiatric disorders. Compared with children who did not screen positive for psychiatric disorders, children who screened positive for ≥3 psychiatric disorders were approximately twice as likely to have repeated a grade, have an individualized educational program, have an individual school aide, and to require special remediation classes. Children who screened positive for any psychiatric disorder were 4 times more likely to use 1 or more psychotropic medication, and those who screened positive for ≥2 psychiatric disorders had lower PedsQL scores.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSION\u0000Among 10-year-old children born EP, rates of psychiatric symptoms exceeded normative expectation, and children who screened positive for more than 1 psychiatric disorder were at increased risk of having multiple functional impairments.","PeriodicalId":15655,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78743146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.1097/DBP.0000000000000738
C. Donado, Taylor B Turrisi, Tessa Wihak, Rachael Coakley
OBJECTIVE To evaluate differences in how mothers and fathers perceive and respond to their adolescents' chronic pain before and after The Comfort Ability Program (CAP), a 1-day cognitive-behavioral intervention, and to compare outcomes between mother-father dyads and mothers who attended the intervention alone. METHODS Parents completed the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) and Helping for Health Inventory (HHI) at baseline (preintervention) and at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months after intervention. Confirmatory factor analyses evaluated construct validity and invariances of the scales. Paired t tests compared scores between mothers and fathers. Unpaired t tests compared mother-father dyads (n = 33) and mothers who attended the intervention alone (n = 73). RESULTS PCS baseline showed significant construct instability between maternal and paternal interpretations. However, 1 week after intervention, construct stability improved between parents. On the PCS and HHI, in which lower scores represent more adaptive parenting behaviors, fathers scored significantly lower than mothers at baseline (PCS: 22.6 [7.7] vs 28.0 [11.4], p value = 0.033; HHI: 16.0 [8.1] vs 20.6 [9.6], p value = 0.029). At 3 months after intervention, PCS scores for both mothers and fathers significantly decreased from baseline (mothers: p value = 0.009; fathers: p value = 0.052) and converged (mothers: 18.6 [11.2] vs fathers: 18.3 [13.2]; p value = 0.786). Mother and father HHI scores were significantly lower at 3 months than baseline (mothers: 13.2 [9.5], p value = 0.005; fathers: 15.0 [12.7], p value = 0.017), although improvement of construct stability between parents was less evident. CONCLUSION Findings suggest that mothers and fathers may differentially perceive and respond to their adolescents' pain and that CAP parent-training intervention may help align their thinking. The results further demonstrate that both parents make adaptive changes after intervention, reinforcing the value of including both parents in pediatric treatment for chronic pain.
{"title":"Differences Between Mothers' and Fathers' Perception of Their Adolescents' Pain Before and After Parent Training Through The Comfort Ability Pain Management Program.","authors":"C. Donado, Taylor B Turrisi, Tessa Wihak, Rachael Coakley","doi":"10.1097/DBP.0000000000000738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/DBP.0000000000000738","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE\u0000To evaluate differences in how mothers and fathers perceive and respond to their adolescents' chronic pain before and after The Comfort Ability Program (CAP), a 1-day cognitive-behavioral intervention, and to compare outcomes between mother-father dyads and mothers who attended the intervention alone.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000Parents completed the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) and Helping for Health Inventory (HHI) at baseline (preintervention) and at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months after intervention. Confirmatory factor analyses evaluated construct validity and invariances of the scales. Paired t tests compared scores between mothers and fathers. Unpaired t tests compared mother-father dyads (n = 33) and mothers who attended the intervention alone (n = 73).\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000PCS baseline showed significant construct instability between maternal and paternal interpretations. However, 1 week after intervention, construct stability improved between parents. On the PCS and HHI, in which lower scores represent more adaptive parenting behaviors, fathers scored significantly lower than mothers at baseline (PCS: 22.6 [7.7] vs 28.0 [11.4], p value = 0.033; HHI: 16.0 [8.1] vs 20.6 [9.6], p value = 0.029). At 3 months after intervention, PCS scores for both mothers and fathers significantly decreased from baseline (mothers: p value = 0.009; fathers: p value = 0.052) and converged (mothers: 18.6 [11.2] vs fathers: 18.3 [13.2]; p value = 0.786). Mother and father HHI scores were significantly lower at 3 months than baseline (mothers: 13.2 [9.5], p value = 0.005; fathers: 15.0 [12.7], p value = 0.017), although improvement of construct stability between parents was less evident.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSION\u0000Findings suggest that mothers and fathers may differentially perceive and respond to their adolescents' pain and that CAP parent-training intervention may help align their thinking. The results further demonstrate that both parents make adaptive changes after intervention, reinforcing the value of including both parents in pediatric treatment for chronic pain.","PeriodicalId":15655,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73724678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.1097/DBP.0000000000000737
S. Tsotsi, B. Broekman, L. Sim, L. Shek, K. Tan, Y. Chong, A. Qiu, Helen Y. Chen, M. Meaney, A. Rifkin-Graboi
OBJECTIVE Maternal anxiety is a well-known risk factor for early childhood behavior problems. In this study, we explore (1) whether parenting stress mediates this relation and also (2) whether child factors, namely self-regulation, modify the influence of maternal well-being on child externalizing and internalizing problems at 4 years of age. METHOD Mothers taking part in the Growing Up in Singapore Towards Healthy Outcomes cohort completed the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory when their children were 24 months of age. At 42 months of age, children performed a self-regulation task (n = 391), and mothers completed the Parenting Stress Index. When children were 48 months old, both parents completed the Child Behavior Checklist. RESULTS As predicted, parenting stress mediated the relation between maternal trait anxiety and child externalizing and internalizing problems. This mediating effect was further moderated by child self-regulation. The indirect effect of maternal trait anxiety through parenting stress on child externalizing problems was stronger among children with low self-regulation. CONCLUSION Parenting stress is an additional pathway connecting maternal trait anxiety and children's externalizing and internalizing behavior problems. The risk for child externalizing problems conveyed by elevated maternal trait anxiety and parenting stress may be buffered by better self-regulation in 4-year-olds. These results suggest that interventions that include decreasing parenting stress and enhancing child self-regulation may be important to limiting the transgenerational impact of maternal trait anxiety.
{"title":"Maternal Anxiety, Parenting Stress, and Preschoolers' Behavior Problems: The Role of Child Self-Regulation.","authors":"S. Tsotsi, B. Broekman, L. Sim, L. Shek, K. Tan, Y. Chong, A. Qiu, Helen Y. Chen, M. Meaney, A. Rifkin-Graboi","doi":"10.1097/DBP.0000000000000737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/DBP.0000000000000737","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE\u0000Maternal anxiety is a well-known risk factor for early childhood behavior problems. In this study, we explore (1) whether parenting stress mediates this relation and also (2) whether child factors, namely self-regulation, modify the influence of maternal well-being on child externalizing and internalizing problems at 4 years of age.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHOD\u0000Mothers taking part in the Growing Up in Singapore Towards Healthy Outcomes cohort completed the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory when their children were 24 months of age. At 42 months of age, children performed a self-regulation task (n = 391), and mothers completed the Parenting Stress Index. When children were 48 months old, both parents completed the Child Behavior Checklist.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000As predicted, parenting stress mediated the relation between maternal trait anxiety and child externalizing and internalizing problems. This mediating effect was further moderated by child self-regulation. The indirect effect of maternal trait anxiety through parenting stress on child externalizing problems was stronger among children with low self-regulation.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSION\u0000Parenting stress is an additional pathway connecting maternal trait anxiety and children's externalizing and internalizing behavior problems. The risk for child externalizing problems conveyed by elevated maternal trait anxiety and parenting stress may be buffered by better self-regulation in 4-year-olds. These results suggest that interventions that include decreasing parenting stress and enhancing child self-regulation may be important to limiting the transgenerational impact of maternal trait anxiety.","PeriodicalId":15655,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91200694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.1097/DBP.0000000000000741
Neelkamal Soares, K. E. White, Robert T Christensen, Audrey Christiansen, R. Apple
Increased visibility of adverse encounters between individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and law enforcement (LE) has stimulated a dialog among providers. There are a variety of contributing factors to the increase, including the recognized lack of training of LE professionals on the needs of individuals with ASD and the paucity of awareness of resources by the families of these individuals. The aim of this article is to provide insight into developmental-behavioral pediatric professionals, to enhance safety and reduce adverse outcomes for individuals with ASD in schools and the community.
{"title":"Collaborating with Families and Law Enforcement Agencies to Improve Outcomes for Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder.","authors":"Neelkamal Soares, K. E. White, Robert T Christensen, Audrey Christiansen, R. Apple","doi":"10.1097/DBP.0000000000000741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/DBP.0000000000000741","url":null,"abstract":"Increased visibility of adverse encounters between individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and law enforcement (LE) has stimulated a dialog among providers. There are a variety of contributing factors to the increase, including the recognized lack of training of LE professionals on the needs of individuals with ASD and the paucity of awareness of resources by the families of these individuals. The aim of this article is to provide insight into developmental-behavioral pediatric professionals, to enhance safety and reduce adverse outcomes for individuals with ASD in schools and the community.","PeriodicalId":15655,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78740685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.1097/DBP.0000000000000752
Audrey Christiansen
autism spectrum disorder. In: Abstracts of Plenary Sessions and Posters Accepted for Presentation at the 2017 Annual Meeting of the Society for Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics; 2017:#66. 52. McLaughlin L, Keim SA, Adesman A. Wandering by children with autism spectrum disorder: key clinical factors and the role of schools and pediatricians. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2018;39:538–546. 53. Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, Pub. L. No. 101-336, 104 Stat. 328 (1990). 54. US Department of Justice Civil Rights Division. Addressing Police Misconduct Laws Enforced by the Department of Justice. Available at: https://www.justice.gov/crt/addressing-policemisconduct-laws-enforced-department-justice. Accessed July 23, 2018.
{"title":"Social and Emotional Skills Training for Children: The Fast Track Friendship Group Manual","authors":"Audrey Christiansen","doi":"10.1097/DBP.0000000000000752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/DBP.0000000000000752","url":null,"abstract":"autism spectrum disorder. In: Abstracts of Plenary Sessions and Posters Accepted for Presentation at the 2017 Annual Meeting of the Society for Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics; 2017:#66. 52. McLaughlin L, Keim SA, Adesman A. Wandering by children with autism spectrum disorder: key clinical factors and the role of schools and pediatricians. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2018;39:538–546. 53. Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, Pub. L. No. 101-336, 104 Stat. 328 (1990). 54. US Department of Justice Civil Rights Division. Addressing Police Misconduct Laws Enforced by the Department of Justice. Available at: https://www.justice.gov/crt/addressing-policemisconduct-laws-enforced-department-justice. Accessed July 23, 2018.","PeriodicalId":15655,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80126487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-18DOI: 10.1097/DBP.0000000000000751
Lei Cai, Yuxia Chen, Xiaoyun Hu, Yangfeng Guo, Xiaoli Zhao, Tao Sun, Yujia Wu, Xiuhong Li
OBJECTIVE The epidemiological studies of Chinese developmental dyslexia (DD) in China are still limited. The current study aimed to investigate the prevalence rate, risk factors, and psychiatric comorbidities of Chinese DD in Guangzhou, a city in South China. METHOD A total of 1661 students from second to fifth grades were recruited. The dyslexic students were identified by evaluating learning disability through the Pupil Rating Scale-Revised Screening for Learning Disability (PRS) scale by the head teachers and word recognition through the standard test. Students with a PRS score of <65 received the Raven's test, and those with intelligence quotient scores below 80 in the Raven's test were excluded. Psychiatric comorbidities were assessed by the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire completed by parents. RESULTS The prevalence rate of Chinese DD was 4.9% in Guangzhou city. There were significant differences in gender, the paternal educational level, and reading experience before the age of 6 years between the DD group and the non-DD group. Male gender (odds ratio [OR] = 4.17), low paternal educational level (p = 0.045), and lack of reading experience before the age of 6 years (OR = 1.99) were the risk factors for DD. The DD cases had a higher risk of hyperactivity and inattention (OR = 3.21). CONCLUSION This study showed that the prevalence rate of DD was 4.9% in Guangzhou city. Male gender, low paternal educational level, and lack of reading experience before the age of 6 years were the risk factors for Chinese DD. The high comorbidity rate of hyperactivity and inattention in the Chinese DD population needs further evaluation.
{"title":"An Epidemiological Study on the Children with Chinese Developmental Dyslexia.","authors":"Lei Cai, Yuxia Chen, Xiaoyun Hu, Yangfeng Guo, Xiaoli Zhao, Tao Sun, Yujia Wu, Xiuhong Li","doi":"10.1097/DBP.0000000000000751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/DBP.0000000000000751","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE\u0000The epidemiological studies of Chinese developmental dyslexia (DD) in China are still limited. The current study aimed to investigate the prevalence rate, risk factors, and psychiatric comorbidities of Chinese DD in Guangzhou, a city in South China.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHOD\u0000A total of 1661 students from second to fifth grades were recruited. The dyslexic students were identified by evaluating learning disability through the Pupil Rating Scale-Revised Screening for Learning Disability (PRS) scale by the head teachers and word recognition through the standard test. Students with a PRS score of <65 received the Raven's test, and those with intelligence quotient scores below 80 in the Raven's test were excluded. Psychiatric comorbidities were assessed by the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire completed by parents.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000The prevalence rate of Chinese DD was 4.9% in Guangzhou city. There were significant differences in gender, the paternal educational level, and reading experience before the age of 6 years between the DD group and the non-DD group. Male gender (odds ratio [OR] = 4.17), low paternal educational level (p = 0.045), and lack of reading experience before the age of 6 years (OR = 1.99) were the risk factors for DD. The DD cases had a higher risk of hyperactivity and inattention (OR = 3.21).\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSION\u0000This study showed that the prevalence rate of DD was 4.9% in Guangzhou city. Male gender, low paternal educational level, and lack of reading experience before the age of 6 years were the risk factors for Chinese DD. The high comorbidity rate of hyperactivity and inattention in the Chinese DD population needs further evaluation.","PeriodicalId":15655,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74750315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-07DOI: 10.1097/DBP.0000000000000740
J. Topham, Jerry A Miller, G. W. Wright, M. Turcich, S. Vinson, Isabella Iovino, R. Voigt, Gail J. Demmler-Harrison
OBJECTIVES To explore the relationship between congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) and inattention and hyperactivity among school-aged children. METHODS The Behavior Assessment System for Children, Second Edition, parent- and self-report, was completed among children with symptomatic congenital CMV (ScCMV) (n = 36), asymptomatic congenital CMV (AcCMV) (n = 76), and controls (n = 29) enrolled in a longitudinal cohort. The proportions of children with ScCMV, AcCMV, and controls with Attention Problems or Hyperactivity T-scores ever ≥ 65 were compared. Mean T-scores in these domains were also compared and adjusted for IQ. RESULTS Children with AcCMV did not differ from controls in the proportion of children with elevated Attention Problems or Hyperactivity T-scores or in mean Attention Problems or Hyperactivity T-scores. Children with ScCMV had a higher proportion of elevated Attention Problems T-scores compared with the AcCMV group but not controls. There were no differences in the proportions of children with elevated Hyperactivity T-scores between ScCMV and AcCMV or control groups. Children with ScCMV had higher mean Attention Problems T-scores versus those with AcCMV and controls and higher mean Hyperactivity T-scores versus those with AcCMV but not controls. After adjustment for IQ, differences in mean Attention Problems or Hyperactivity T-scores were no longer significant. CONCLUSION Children with AcCMV are not at increased risk of inattention or hyperactivity compared with controls. However, our study suggests an increased prevalence of inattention and hyperactivity among children with ScCMV. Differences in IQ were confirmed to have a confounding effect. Evaluation for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder may be warranted in this population.
{"title":"Inattention and Hyperactivity in Children with Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Congenital Cytomegalovirus.","authors":"J. Topham, Jerry A Miller, G. W. Wright, M. Turcich, S. Vinson, Isabella Iovino, R. Voigt, Gail J. Demmler-Harrison","doi":"10.1097/DBP.0000000000000740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/DBP.0000000000000740","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVES\u0000To explore the relationship between congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) and inattention and hyperactivity among school-aged children.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000The Behavior Assessment System for Children, Second Edition, parent- and self-report, was completed among children with symptomatic congenital CMV (ScCMV) (n = 36), asymptomatic congenital CMV (AcCMV) (n = 76), and controls (n = 29) enrolled in a longitudinal cohort. The proportions of children with ScCMV, AcCMV, and controls with Attention Problems or Hyperactivity T-scores ever ≥ 65 were compared. Mean T-scores in these domains were also compared and adjusted for IQ.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000Children with AcCMV did not differ from controls in the proportion of children with elevated Attention Problems or Hyperactivity T-scores or in mean Attention Problems or Hyperactivity T-scores. Children with ScCMV had a higher proportion of elevated Attention Problems T-scores compared with the AcCMV group but not controls. There were no differences in the proportions of children with elevated Hyperactivity T-scores between ScCMV and AcCMV or control groups. Children with ScCMV had higher mean Attention Problems T-scores versus those with AcCMV and controls and higher mean Hyperactivity T-scores versus those with AcCMV but not controls. After adjustment for IQ, differences in mean Attention Problems or Hyperactivity T-scores were no longer significant.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSION\u0000Children with AcCMV are not at increased risk of inattention or hyperactivity compared with controls. However, our study suggests an increased prevalence of inattention and hyperactivity among children with ScCMV. Differences in IQ were confirmed to have a confounding effect. Evaluation for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder may be warranted in this population.","PeriodicalId":15655,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88437241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-05DOI: 10.1097/dbp.0000000000000747
Andrew J. Barnes, M. Kroupina, Nicole B Perry, M. Augustyn
CASE Leo is a 26-month-old boy who you are seeing for an urgent care visit due to "sleep difficulty," particularly sleep onset. Since age 1, he screams, hits, and kicks his mother every day, starting after she gets home from work at 5 PM (or before the family's dinnertime on her days off) and escalating over the course of the evening until he "wears himself out" and falls asleep in a crib in his own room around 9 to 10 PM Once asleep, he sleeps well through the night and wakes easily around 7 AM in a pleasant mood; his mother leaves for work soon after he awakens. He naps after lunch for 2 to 3 hours on weekdays at an in-home child care with 1 to 2 adult caregivers and 5 other children aged 0 to 5 years. He refuses to nap at home.Leo goes to bed easily when his father puts him to bed if his mother is not at home, but his mother feels that evenings are the only time she can spend with Leo, and so, she tries to put him to bed most nights. However, because of Leo's behaviors at bedtime with her, she feels inadequate, depressed, and guilty; when she tries to disengage or allow her husband to help, Leo screams, "Mommy, mommy!" and tries to gain access to her and resists his father putting him to bed until his mother returns. Both parents worry that "he would not grow out of this," and his mother now avoids coming home from work for fear of Leo's behavior. Both parents feel that this situation is causing marital strain.Leo was born healthy at full-term and is an only child; pregnancy was complicated by hyperemesis gravidarum. Leo has been healthy and meeting developmental milestones. His parents describe his temperament as "like his father at that age," "easy, but never able to self-soothe," "intense" in his emotional reactions, persistent, "strong-willed and serious," and "shy and observant, withdrawn at first and then getting more pleasant after a while" in novel situations. Behaviorally, he engaged in noninjurious head-banging at home when upset between 12 and 15 months; bit children a few times at child care between 20 and 24 months; and lately refuses to share or will push other children at child care every few weeks. His parents recently read a book about parenting "spirited" children but did not find it helpful. What would you do next?
{"title":"Toddler Sleep Challenges: All in a Day's Work.","authors":"Andrew J. Barnes, M. Kroupina, Nicole B Perry, M. Augustyn","doi":"10.1097/dbp.0000000000000747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/dbp.0000000000000747","url":null,"abstract":"CASE\u0000Leo is a 26-month-old boy who you are seeing for an urgent care visit due to \"sleep difficulty,\" particularly sleep onset. Since age 1, he screams, hits, and kicks his mother every day, starting after she gets home from work at 5 PM (or before the family's dinnertime on her days off) and escalating over the course of the evening until he \"wears himself out\" and falls asleep in a crib in his own room around 9 to 10 PM Once asleep, he sleeps well through the night and wakes easily around 7 AM in a pleasant mood; his mother leaves for work soon after he awakens. He naps after lunch for 2 to 3 hours on weekdays at an in-home child care with 1 to 2 adult caregivers and 5 other children aged 0 to 5 years. He refuses to nap at home.Leo goes to bed easily when his father puts him to bed if his mother is not at home, but his mother feels that evenings are the only time she can spend with Leo, and so, she tries to put him to bed most nights. However, because of Leo's behaviors at bedtime with her, she feels inadequate, depressed, and guilty; when she tries to disengage or allow her husband to help, Leo screams, \"Mommy, mommy!\" and tries to gain access to her and resists his father putting him to bed until his mother returns. Both parents worry that \"he would not grow out of this,\" and his mother now avoids coming home from work for fear of Leo's behavior. Both parents feel that this situation is causing marital strain.Leo was born healthy at full-term and is an only child; pregnancy was complicated by hyperemesis gravidarum. Leo has been healthy and meeting developmental milestones. His parents describe his temperament as \"like his father at that age,\" \"easy, but never able to self-soothe,\" \"intense\" in his emotional reactions, persistent, \"strong-willed and serious,\" and \"shy and observant, withdrawn at first and then getting more pleasant after a while\" in novel situations. Behaviorally, he engaged in noninjurious head-banging at home when upset between 12 and 15 months; bit children a few times at child care between 20 and 24 months; and lately refuses to share or will push other children at child care every few weeks. His parents recently read a book about parenting \"spirited\" children but did not find it helpful. What would you do next?","PeriodicalId":15655,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84373748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-14DOI: 10.1097/DBP.0000000000000742
Thi-Nhu-Ngoc Nguyen, M. Spencer-Smith, Leona Pascoe, K. Treyvaud, Katherine J. Lee, Deanne K. Thompson, J. Cheong, L. Doyle, P. Anderson
OBJECTIVE To examine the individual and collective contribution of biological and socioenvironmental factors associated with language function at 2, 5, 7, and 13 years in children born preterm (<30 weeks' gestation or <1250 g birth weight). METHODS Language function was assessed as part of a prospective longitudinal study of 224 children born preterm at 2, 5, 7, and 13 years using age-appropriate tools. Language Z-scores were generated based on a contemporaneous term-born control group. A selection of biological factors (sex, small for gestational age, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, infection, and qualitatively defined brain injury) and early socioenvironmental factors at age 2 years (primary income earner employment status and type, primary caregiver education level, English as a second language, parental mental health history, parent sensitivity and facilitation, and parent-child synchrony) was chosen a priori. Associations were assessed using univariable and multivariable linear regression models applied to outcomes at each time point. RESULTS Higher primary caregiver education level, greater parent-child synchrony, and parent sensitivity were independently associated with better language function across childhood. Socioenvironmental factors together explained an increasing percentage of the variance (9%-18%) in language function from 2 to 13 years of age. In comparison, there was little evidence for associations between biological factors and language function, even during early childhood years. CONCLUSION This study highlights the importance of socioenvironmental factors over biological factors for language development throughout childhood. Some of these socioenvironmental factors are potentially modifiable, and parent-based interventions addressing parenting practices and education may benefit preterm children's language development.
{"title":"Language Skills in Children Born Preterm (<30 Wks' Gestation) Throughout Childhood: Associations With Biological and Socioenvironmental Factors.","authors":"Thi-Nhu-Ngoc Nguyen, M. Spencer-Smith, Leona Pascoe, K. Treyvaud, Katherine J. Lee, Deanne K. Thompson, J. Cheong, L. Doyle, P. Anderson","doi":"10.1097/DBP.0000000000000742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/DBP.0000000000000742","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE\u0000To examine the individual and collective contribution of biological and socioenvironmental factors associated with language function at 2, 5, 7, and 13 years in children born preterm (<30 weeks' gestation or <1250 g birth weight).\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000Language function was assessed as part of a prospective longitudinal study of 224 children born preterm at 2, 5, 7, and 13 years using age-appropriate tools. Language Z-scores were generated based on a contemporaneous term-born control group. A selection of biological factors (sex, small for gestational age, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, infection, and qualitatively defined brain injury) and early socioenvironmental factors at age 2 years (primary income earner employment status and type, primary caregiver education level, English as a second language, parental mental health history, parent sensitivity and facilitation, and parent-child synchrony) was chosen a priori. Associations were assessed using univariable and multivariable linear regression models applied to outcomes at each time point.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000Higher primary caregiver education level, greater parent-child synchrony, and parent sensitivity were independently associated with better language function across childhood. Socioenvironmental factors together explained an increasing percentage of the variance (9%-18%) in language function from 2 to 13 years of age. In comparison, there was little evidence for associations between biological factors and language function, even during early childhood years.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSION\u0000This study highlights the importance of socioenvironmental factors over biological factors for language development throughout childhood. Some of these socioenvironmental factors are potentially modifiable, and parent-based interventions addressing parenting practices and education may benefit preterm children's language development.","PeriodicalId":15655,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80454934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-01DOI: 10.1097/DBP.0000000000000703
Mallory Schneider, J. VanOrmer, K. Zlomke
OBJECTIVES The purpose of the present study was to (1) examine the differences in adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and comorbid ASD/ADHD and healthy neurodevelopmental controls; (2) explore the levels of family resilience across diagnostic categories; (3) identify the differences in family resilience by the number of ACEs; and (4) explore the interaction between ACEs and the diagnostic category on family resilience. METHOD Participants were 2083 children between the ages of 6 and 17 years (M = 12.23, SD = 3.36) from the 2016 National Survey of Children's Health. The majority of the sample were male (68.7%) and white (78.6%). RESULTS Overall, youth diagnosed with solely ADHD had the highest number of ACEs (Madj = 1.94). In addition, individuals who endorsed exposure to 1 ACE reported higher levels of family resilience in comparison to those who reported 0 ACEs or 2 or more ACEs. Family resilience did not differ between youth who experienced 2 or more ACEs and youth who experienced 0 ACEs. Youth diagnosed with comorbid ASD/ADHD had the lowest levels of family resilience. Interestingly, family resilience did not differ between ADHD and neurotypical youth. CONCLUSION Youth diagnosed with ADHD seem to be at the highest risk for ACEs. Those with comorbid ASD/ADHD report the lowest levels of family resilience when controlling for exposure to ACEs. Families of youth with ASD had lower levels of family resilience than those of neurotypical youth when controlling for exposure to ACEs, whereas families of youth with solely ADHD displayed similar levels of family resilience in comparison to neurotypical youth and their families. Results have implications for prevention and intervention with ASD and/or ADHD youth and their families.
{"title":"Adverse Childhood Experiences and Family Resilience Among Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.","authors":"Mallory Schneider, J. VanOrmer, K. Zlomke","doi":"10.1097/DBP.0000000000000703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/DBP.0000000000000703","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVES\u0000The purpose of the present study was to (1) examine the differences in adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and comorbid ASD/ADHD and healthy neurodevelopmental controls; (2) explore the levels of family resilience across diagnostic categories; (3) identify the differences in family resilience by the number of ACEs; and (4) explore the interaction between ACEs and the diagnostic category on family resilience.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHOD\u0000Participants were 2083 children between the ages of 6 and 17 years (M = 12.23, SD = 3.36) from the 2016 National Survey of Children's Health. The majority of the sample were male (68.7%) and white (78.6%).\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000Overall, youth diagnosed with solely ADHD had the highest number of ACEs (Madj = 1.94). In addition, individuals who endorsed exposure to 1 ACE reported higher levels of family resilience in comparison to those who reported 0 ACEs or 2 or more ACEs. Family resilience did not differ between youth who experienced 2 or more ACEs and youth who experienced 0 ACEs. Youth diagnosed with comorbid ASD/ADHD had the lowest levels of family resilience. Interestingly, family resilience did not differ between ADHD and neurotypical youth.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSION\u0000Youth diagnosed with ADHD seem to be at the highest risk for ACEs. Those with comorbid ASD/ADHD report the lowest levels of family resilience when controlling for exposure to ACEs. Families of youth with ASD had lower levels of family resilience than those of neurotypical youth when controlling for exposure to ACEs, whereas families of youth with solely ADHD displayed similar levels of family resilience in comparison to neurotypical youth and their families. Results have implications for prevention and intervention with ASD and/or ADHD youth and their families.","PeriodicalId":15655,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89520858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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