Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2019.1660563
B. Polat, O. Tiryaki
Abstract The effects of washing treatments on removal rates of some pesticides residues (acetamiprid, chlorpyrifos and formetanate hydrochloride) on pepper were investigated. Method verification was conducted through spiking pepper samples at 0.1, 1.0 and 10.0 × MRL. QuEChERS method produced average recovery of 104.91% with relative standard deviation (RSD) of 13.41%. LOQ values of acetamiprid, chlorpyrifos and formetanate hydrochloride were estimated as 2, 10 and 5 µg/kg, respectively. Capia peppers grown in open fields were sprayed three times with pesticides. Peppers were harvested after 1st, 2nd and 3rd day of the treatments. Then the peppers were subjected to tap water, acetic acid and citric acid washing and ultrasonic cleaning treatments (for 2 and 5 min). Based on three different harvest times and two different washing durations, processing factors (PFs) and reduction rates were calculated for each washing treatment. The residues gradually decreased during washing treatments with increasing process duration. Similarly, a gradual reduction was noted with the progress of harvest times. This in turn corresponded to an increase in PF. Ultrasonic cleaning and citric acid (9%) washing were more effective than the others. Non-systemic pesticides (chlorpyrifos) were more readily removed than the systemic ones (acetamiprid). Similarly, highly soluble pesticides exhibited higher reduction.
{"title":"Assessing washing methods for reduction of pesticide residues in Capia pepper with LC-MS/MS","authors":"B. Polat, O. Tiryaki","doi":"10.1080/03601234.2019.1660563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03601234.2019.1660563","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The effects of washing treatments on removal rates of some pesticides residues (acetamiprid, chlorpyrifos and formetanate hydrochloride) on pepper were investigated. Method verification was conducted through spiking pepper samples at 0.1, 1.0 and 10.0 × MRL. QuEChERS method produced average recovery of 104.91% with relative standard deviation (RSD) of 13.41%. LOQ values of acetamiprid, chlorpyrifos and formetanate hydrochloride were estimated as 2, 10 and 5 µg/kg, respectively. Capia peppers grown in open fields were sprayed three times with pesticides. Peppers were harvested after 1st, 2nd and 3rd day of the treatments. Then the peppers were subjected to tap water, acetic acid and citric acid washing and ultrasonic cleaning treatments (for 2 and 5 min). Based on three different harvest times and two different washing durations, processing factors (PFs) and reduction rates were calculated for each washing treatment. The residues gradually decreased during washing treatments with increasing process duration. Similarly, a gradual reduction was noted with the progress of harvest times. This in turn corresponded to an increase in PF. Ultrasonic cleaning and citric acid (9%) washing were more effective than the others. Non-systemic pesticides (chlorpyrifos) were more readily removed than the systemic ones (acetamiprid). Similarly, highly soluble pesticides exhibited higher reduction.","PeriodicalId":15670,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B","volume":"275 1","pages":"1 - 10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73380668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2019.1661199
Gabriel N de O Teixeira, Arthur M S da Cruz, G. L. Samanamud, A. B. França, L. Naves, Diego Melo, Daiana Morais, E. P. Baston, F. Naves
Abstract The main objective of this study is the degradation of a synthetic solution of atrazine by a modified vermiculite catalyzed ozonation, in a rotating packed bed (RPB) reactor. A 0.5 L RPB reactor was used to perform the experiments, using a Central Composite Design (CCD) response surface to construct the quadratic model based on the factors: pH, catalyst concentration and reactor rotation frequency. The response variable was the removal of the organic load measured in terms of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). After the complete quadratic model was constructed through the response surface, the COD degradation process had an optimal removal of 41% under the following conditions: pH 8.0, rotation of 1150 rpm and catalyst concentration 0.66 g L−1.
摘要本研究的主要目的是在旋转填充床(RPB)反应器中采用改性蛭石催化臭氧氧化法降解阿特拉津合成溶液。采用0.5 L RPB反应器进行实验，采用中心复合设计(CCD)响应面建立了以pH、催化剂浓度和反应器旋转频率为影响因素的二次元模型。响应变量为以化学需氧量(COD)衡量的有机负荷去除量。通过响应面构建完整的二次元模型后，在pH 8.0、转速1150 rpm、催化剂浓度0.66 g L−1条件下，COD的最佳去除率为41%。
{"title":"The use of nanovermiculite catalyst in the study of removal of the organic load and degradation of atrazine via ozone process in RPB reactor","authors":"Gabriel N de O Teixeira, Arthur M S da Cruz, G. L. Samanamud, A. B. França, L. Naves, Diego Melo, Daiana Morais, E. P. Baston, F. Naves","doi":"10.1080/03601234.2019.1661199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03601234.2019.1661199","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The main objective of this study is the degradation of a synthetic solution of atrazine by a modified vermiculite catalyzed ozonation, in a rotating packed bed (RPB) reactor. A 0.5 L RPB reactor was used to perform the experiments, using a Central Composite Design (CCD) response surface to construct the quadratic model based on the factors: pH, catalyst concentration and reactor rotation frequency. The response variable was the removal of the organic load measured in terms of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). After the complete quadratic model was constructed through the response surface, the COD degradation process had an optimal removal of 41% under the following conditions: pH 8.0, rotation of 1150 rpm and catalyst concentration 0.66 g L−1.","PeriodicalId":15670,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B","volume":"102 1","pages":"19 - 29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75776375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2019.1656499
J. Gu, Siyao Zheng, Heng Zhao, Ting Sun
Abstract Multi-spectroscopic and molecular docking methods were used to study the interaction between triclosan (TCS) and bovine serum albumin (BSA). The results indicated that the fluorescence quenching of BSA by TCS was due to the formation of TCS–BSA complex through static quenching. This result was also demonstrated by time-resolved fluorescence experiment. The binding constants and number of binding sites between TCS and BSA were 1.30 × 105 M−1 and 1.17 at 298 K, respectively. The thermodynamic parameters were studied in detail which suggested that hydrophobic forces and hydrogen bond played major roles in the TCS–BSA interaction. Moreover, the site marker competitive experiments and docking studies revealed that TCS could bind BSA into site I in subdomain IIA. All the results of UV–vis spectrophotometry, circular dichroism spectroscopy and synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy showed that interaction between TCS and BSA induced conformation changes of BSA.
{"title":"Investigation on the interaction between triclosan and bovine serum albumin by spectroscopic methods","authors":"J. Gu, Siyao Zheng, Heng Zhao, Ting Sun","doi":"10.1080/03601234.2019.1656499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03601234.2019.1656499","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Multi-spectroscopic and molecular docking methods were used to study the interaction between triclosan (TCS) and bovine serum albumin (BSA). The results indicated that the fluorescence quenching of BSA by TCS was due to the formation of TCS–BSA complex through static quenching. This result was also demonstrated by time-resolved fluorescence experiment. The binding constants and number of binding sites between TCS and BSA were 1.30 × 105 M−1 and 1.17 at 298 K, respectively. The thermodynamic parameters were studied in detail which suggested that hydrophobic forces and hydrogen bond played major roles in the TCS–BSA interaction. Moreover, the site marker competitive experiments and docking studies revealed that TCS could bind BSA into site I in subdomain IIA. All the results of UV–vis spectrophotometry, circular dichroism spectroscopy and synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy showed that interaction between TCS and BSA induced conformation changes of BSA.","PeriodicalId":15670,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B","volume":"26 1","pages":"52 - 59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79044358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2019.1657764
J. Miedzianka, A. Pęksa, A. Nemś, K. Drzymała, A. Zambrowicz, P. Kowalczewski
Abstract Potato sprouts could be a valuable resource of phytochemicals such as secondary plant metabolites, potential antioxidants and nutritive compounds. In this work, potato sprout extracts of five varieties were examined; they differed in major glycoalkaloid content, trypsin inhibitor activity, total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity, as well as in antimicrobial activity against Gram + and G − bacteria, and yeast. Sprouts of colored-fleshed tubers were characterized by higher trypsin inhibitor activity than sprouts of yellow potatoes. The strongest microorganism growth inhibition effect was observed for macerate with sprouts from the purple-fleshed Blaue Annelise variety against B. subtilis, whereas C. albicans yeasts were sensitive to macerates with sprouts from purple-fleshed Blue Congo and yellow-fleshed Vineta potato varieties.
{"title":"Trypsin inhibitor, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities as well as chemical composition of potato sprouts originating from yellow- and colored-fleshed varieties","authors":"J. Miedzianka, A. Pęksa, A. Nemś, K. Drzymała, A. Zambrowicz, P. Kowalczewski","doi":"10.1080/03601234.2019.1657764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03601234.2019.1657764","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Potato sprouts could be a valuable resource of phytochemicals such as secondary plant metabolites, potential antioxidants and nutritive compounds. In this work, potato sprout extracts of five varieties were examined; they differed in major glycoalkaloid content, trypsin inhibitor activity, total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity, as well as in antimicrobial activity against Gram + and G − bacteria, and yeast. Sprouts of colored-fleshed tubers were characterized by higher trypsin inhibitor activity than sprouts of yellow potatoes. The strongest microorganism growth inhibition effect was observed for macerate with sprouts from the purple-fleshed Blaue Annelise variety against B. subtilis, whereas C. albicans yeasts were sensitive to macerates with sprouts from purple-fleshed Blue Congo and yellow-fleshed Vineta potato varieties.","PeriodicalId":15670,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B","volume":"24 1","pages":"42 - 51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88495071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2019.1660562
Andreia Garcês, I. Pires, P. Rodrigues
Abstract In the last decades, the use and misuse of pesticides in the agriculture have increased, having a severe impact on ecosystems and their fauna. Although the various effects of pesticides on biodiversity have been already documented in several studies, to our knowledge no consistent overview of the impact of pesticides in vertebrates, both terrestrial and aquatic, is available. In this review, we try to present a concise compilation of the teratogenic effects of pesticides on the different classes of vertebrates – mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish.
{"title":"Teratological effects of pesticides in vertebrates: a review","authors":"Andreia Garcês, I. Pires, P. Rodrigues","doi":"10.1080/03601234.2019.1660562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03601234.2019.1660562","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In the last decades, the use and misuse of pesticides in the agriculture have increased, having a severe impact on ecosystems and their fauna. Although the various effects of pesticides on biodiversity have been already documented in several studies, to our knowledge no consistent overview of the impact of pesticides in vertebrates, both terrestrial and aquatic, is available. In this review, we try to present a concise compilation of the teratogenic effects of pesticides on the different classes of vertebrates – mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish.","PeriodicalId":15670,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B","volume":"24 1","pages":"75 - 89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78824129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2019.1653734
J. Mrázová, M. Gažarová, J. Kopčeková, A. Kolesárová, O. Bučko, B. Bobček
Abstract The aim of the research was to evaluate the effect of consumption of selenium-enriched pork on selected health indicators of probands. The intake of feed mixture with increased organic selenium at the dose of 0.3 mg.kg−1 probably increases selenium concentration in MSM (musculus semimembranosus). In the pork enriched with organic selenium, the concentration was higher by 1.045 ± 0.10 mg.kg−1 compared with the control group 0.701 ± 0.05 mg.kg−1 at significance P < 0.001. Sixteen participants in the experiment were represented by 8 men at the average age of 41.5 ± 11.9 years and 8 women at the average age of 41.4 ± 7.9 years. All the probands consumed meat enriched with selenium three times a week during one month. By consumption of the enriched pork, there was an increase of the selenium concentration in blood serum of probands traced with selenium increase from 73.19 ± 15.68 μg.L−1 to 73.73 ± 15.13 μg.L−1 (P > 0.05). From the results we can see that consumption of enriched pork with selenium was significantly manifested in lowering of total cholesterol levels, which was associated with LDL cholesterol lowering (P < 0.05). Differences among the HDL cholesterol and triglycerides samples were not significant.
{"title":"The effect of consumption of pork enriched by organic selenium on selenium status and lipid profile in blood serum of consumers","authors":"J. Mrázová, M. Gažarová, J. Kopčeková, A. Kolesárová, O. Bučko, B. Bobček","doi":"10.1080/03601234.2019.1653734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03601234.2019.1653734","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The aim of the research was to evaluate the effect of consumption of selenium-enriched pork on selected health indicators of probands. The intake of feed mixture with increased organic selenium at the dose of 0.3 mg.kg−1 probably increases selenium concentration in MSM (musculus semimembranosus). In the pork enriched with organic selenium, the concentration was higher by 1.045 ± 0.10 mg.kg−1 compared with the control group 0.701 ± 0.05 mg.kg−1 at significance P < 0.001. Sixteen participants in the experiment were represented by 8 men at the average age of 41.5 ± 11.9 years and 8 women at the average age of 41.4 ± 7.9 years. All the probands consumed meat enriched with selenium three times a week during one month. By consumption of the enriched pork, there was an increase of the selenium concentration in blood serum of probands traced with selenium increase from 73.19 ± 15.68 μg.L−1 to 73.73 ± 15.13 μg.L−1 (P > 0.05). From the results we can see that consumption of enriched pork with selenium was significantly manifested in lowering of total cholesterol levels, which was associated with LDL cholesterol lowering (P < 0.05). Differences among the HDL cholesterol and triglycerides samples were not significant.","PeriodicalId":15670,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B","volume":"39 1","pages":"69 - 74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73341118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2019.1654808
V. Ferreira, L. F. Estrella, M. G. R. Alves, Christoph Gallistl, W. Vetter, Thadia Thuron Costa da Silva, O. Malm, J. Torres, Fernanda Dias Bartolomeu Abadio Finco
Abstract Organochlorine (OCP) pesticides were determined in samples of sardine (Sardinella brasiliensis), whitemouth croaker (Micropogonias furnieri), and mullet (Mugil liza) from Guanabara Bay (state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil). OCP concentrations and fish consumption were linked with acceptable daily intake values in order to assess the human health risk for the Brazilian population. The total concentrations of OCPs (Σ OCP) was 6.6 ng/g f.w., 7.5 ng/g f.w., and 2.8 ng/g f.w. for sardines, corvina, and mullet, respectively. There was a significant difference (P < 0.05) among the species related to o,p’-DDD and o,p’-DDT concentrations. Both DDT-related compounds were 5 and 76 times more abundant in sardines than in whitemouth croaker and mullet. Newly discovered DDT metabolite, o-Cl-DDMU, was frequently detected in the fish. None of the samples exceeded the maximum limits for acceptable levels of OCP residues. According to the data of average intake of Brazilian population, none of three species exceeded toxicological parameter. The investigated fishes are considered as safe for human consumption in regard to exposure of the studied OCPs. However, fish may be a intake source of OCP metabolites such as o-Cl-DDMU whose toxicity is still unknown.
摘要对巴西里约热内卢瓜纳巴拉湾沙丁鱼(Sardinella brasiliensis)、白口鱼(Micropogonias furnieri)和鲻鱼(Mugil liza)样品中的有机氯(OCP)农药进行了检测。为了评估巴西人口的人体健康风险，将OCP浓度和鱼类消费量与可接受的每日摄入量联系起来。沙丁鱼、黄花鱼和鲻鱼的OCP总浓度(Σ OCP)分别为6.6 ng/g f.w、7.5 ng/g f.w和2.8 ng/g f.w。o, P ' -DDD和o, P ' -DDT浓度相关种间差异显著(P < 0.05)。这两种与ddt相关的化合物在沙丁鱼中的含量分别是白口鱼和鲻鱼的5倍和76倍。新发现的滴滴涕代谢物o-Cl-DDMU在鱼类中经常被检测到。没有一个样品超过可接受的OCP残留量的最大限度。根据巴西人群的平均摄取量数据，三种农药均未超过毒理学指标。就所研究的ocp暴露而言，被调查的鱼类被认为对人类消费是安全的。然而，鱼类可能是OCP代谢物的摄入来源，如o-Cl-DDMU，其毒性尚不清楚。
{"title":"Residues of legacy organochlorine pesticides and DDT metabolites in highly consumed fish from the polluted Guanabara Bay, Brazil: distribution and assessment of human health risk","authors":"V. Ferreira, L. F. Estrella, M. G. R. Alves, Christoph Gallistl, W. Vetter, Thadia Thuron Costa da Silva, O. Malm, J. Torres, Fernanda Dias Bartolomeu Abadio Finco","doi":"10.1080/03601234.2019.1654808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03601234.2019.1654808","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Organochlorine (OCP) pesticides were determined in samples of sardine (Sardinella brasiliensis), whitemouth croaker (Micropogonias furnieri), and mullet (Mugil liza) from Guanabara Bay (state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil). OCP concentrations and fish consumption were linked with acceptable daily intake values in order to assess the human health risk for the Brazilian population. The total concentrations of OCPs (Σ OCP) was 6.6 ng/g f.w., 7.5 ng/g f.w., and 2.8 ng/g f.w. for sardines, corvina, and mullet, respectively. There was a significant difference (P < 0.05) among the species related to o,p’-DDD and o,p’-DDT concentrations. Both DDT-related compounds were 5 and 76 times more abundant in sardines than in whitemouth croaker and mullet. Newly discovered DDT metabolite, o-Cl-DDMU, was frequently detected in the fish. None of the samples exceeded the maximum limits for acceptable levels of OCP residues. According to the data of average intake of Brazilian population, none of three species exceeded toxicological parameter. The investigated fishes are considered as safe for human consumption in regard to exposure of the studied OCPs. However, fish may be a intake source of OCP metabolites such as o-Cl-DDMU whose toxicity is still unknown.","PeriodicalId":15670,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B","volume":"32 1","pages":"30 - 41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84730114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-09DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2019.1692614
M. Mahmoudian, S. Torbati, Neda AliMirzayi, Ehsan Nozad, Mahmoud Ghasemi Kochameshki, A. Shokri
Abstract In this study, the preparation and characterization of haloxyfop-R-methyl herbicide loaded in poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) nano-capsules by emulsion polymerization and its release behavior were investigated. The chemical characterizations of PMMA/haloxyfop-R-methyl nano-capsules were confirmed by FT-IR spectroscopy method, and the surface morphology was studied by field emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Also, the herbicide loading and encapsulation efficiency were analyzed for the herbicide-loaded nano-capsules. The release rate of PMMA/haloxyfop-R-methyl nano-capsules was determined by UV-visible spectroscopy. The thermal properties and thermal stability of nano-capsules were explored by the thermal gravimetric analysis method. The diameter of the nano-capsules was in the range of 100–300 nm. Increasing the amount of herbicide in nano-formulations significantly affected the surface of the nano-capsules and reduced their surface smoothness. Triton-X100 was identified as the best surfactant for the preparation of nano-capsules, and the sample containing the lowest herbicide content showed the best performance in terms of encapsulation and loading efficiency. This sample showed a steady-state release rate during the six days.
摘要本研究采用乳液聚合法制备聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)纳米胶囊，并对其释放行为进行了研究。采用傅里叶红外光谱法确定了PMMA/haloxyfop- r -甲基纳米胶囊的化学性质，并用场发射扫描电镜和透射电镜对其表面形貌进行了研究。并对载药纳米胶囊的载药量和包封效率进行了分析。紫外可见光谱法测定PMMA/氟氧草- r -甲基纳米胶囊的释放速度。采用热重分析法对纳米胶囊的热性能和热稳定性进行了研究。纳米胶囊的直径在100 ~ 300 nm之间。增加纳米制剂中除草剂的用量会显著影响纳米胶囊的表面，降低其表面的光洁度。Triton-X100是制备纳米胶囊的最佳表面活性剂，除草剂含量最低的样品在包封和负载效率方面表现最佳。该样品在6天内呈现稳态释放速率。
{"title":"Preparation and investigation of poly(methylmethacrylate) nano-capsules containing haloxyfop-R-methyl and their release behavior","authors":"M. Mahmoudian, S. Torbati, Neda AliMirzayi, Ehsan Nozad, Mahmoud Ghasemi Kochameshki, A. Shokri","doi":"10.1080/03601234.2019.1692614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03601234.2019.1692614","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this study, the preparation and characterization of haloxyfop-R-methyl herbicide loaded in poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) nano-capsules by emulsion polymerization and its release behavior were investigated. The chemical characterizations of PMMA/haloxyfop-R-methyl nano-capsules were confirmed by FT-IR spectroscopy method, and the surface morphology was studied by field emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Also, the herbicide loading and encapsulation efficiency were analyzed for the herbicide-loaded nano-capsules. The release rate of PMMA/haloxyfop-R-methyl nano-capsules was determined by UV-visible spectroscopy. The thermal properties and thermal stability of nano-capsules were explored by the thermal gravimetric analysis method. The diameter of the nano-capsules was in the range of 100–300 nm. Increasing the amount of herbicide in nano-formulations significantly affected the surface of the nano-capsules and reduced their surface smoothness. Triton-X100 was identified as the best surfactant for the preparation of nano-capsules, and the sample containing the lowest herbicide content showed the best performance in terms of encapsulation and loading efficiency. This sample showed a steady-state release rate during the six days.","PeriodicalId":15670,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B","volume":"29 1","pages":"301 - 309"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76585790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-02DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2019.1696618
J. Šíma, M. Kobera, M. Šeda, Lukáš Rokos, J. Vondruška, J. Krejsa, L. Svoboda
Abstract The content of Al, As, Be, Cd, Ca, Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, Pb, Li, Mg, Mn, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in fruiting bodies of edible mushrooms Calocybe gambosa, Entoloma clypeatum, Entoloma saepium, Xerocomellus chrysenteron, and Amanita rubescens growing in an orchard planted with fruit trees and situated close to a high-grown forest was studied during years 2016–2018. A. rubescens showed the highest potential of the element accumulation with bioconcentration factors of 48.5, 16.2, 7.80, 6.53, 1.75, and 1.68 obtained for Rb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Sr, and Mg, respectively. Both Entoloma species accumulated the elements similarly with bioconcentration factors >1.0 obtained for Rb, Cu, Cd, and Mg. Bioconcentration factors <0.05 were obtained for Al, Cr, Fe, and Pb in all studied species. The contents of beryllium (<0.1 mg/kg dry matter) were always the lowest among the studied elements. The contents of some elements of studied mushroom species significantly fluctuated over the years. Despite the fact that some studied elements (As, Be, Cd, Pb, Ni) are considerably toxic for humans, the pronounced effect on health is not expected if the studied mushroom species are consumed occasionally and do not represent the main component of the diet.
{"title":"The three-year monitoring of 18 elements in five edible mushroom species collected from an old orchard","authors":"J. Šíma, M. Kobera, M. Šeda, Lukáš Rokos, J. Vondruška, J. Krejsa, L. Svoboda","doi":"10.1080/03601234.2019.1696618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03601234.2019.1696618","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The content of Al, As, Be, Cd, Ca, Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, Pb, Li, Mg, Mn, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in fruiting bodies of edible mushrooms Calocybe gambosa, Entoloma clypeatum, Entoloma saepium, Xerocomellus chrysenteron, and Amanita rubescens growing in an orchard planted with fruit trees and situated close to a high-grown forest was studied during years 2016–2018. A. rubescens showed the highest potential of the element accumulation with bioconcentration factors of 48.5, 16.2, 7.80, 6.53, 1.75, and 1.68 obtained for Rb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Sr, and Mg, respectively. Both Entoloma species accumulated the elements similarly with bioconcentration factors >1.0 obtained for Rb, Cu, Cd, and Mg. Bioconcentration factors <0.05 were obtained for Al, Cr, Fe, and Pb in all studied species. The contents of beryllium (<0.1 mg/kg dry matter) were always the lowest among the studied elements. The contents of some elements of studied mushroom species significantly fluctuated over the years. Despite the fact that some studied elements (As, Be, Cd, Pb, Ni) are considerably toxic for humans, the pronounced effect on health is not expected if the studied mushroom species are consumed occasionally and do not represent the main component of the diet.","PeriodicalId":15670,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B","volume":"7 1","pages":"319 - 328"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79196821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-02DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2019.1697141
C. Popa, S. Dontu, E. Levei, C. Iojă, A. Popa, M. Miclean, Maria-Alexandra Hoaghia, O. Cadar, E. Carstea
Abstract Closed lakes located in urban parks act as sinks of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), which have been used, for decades, as insecticides, herbicides and fungicides. The closed lakes from Bucharest, Romania, are periodically managed to prevent eutrophication and accumulation of pollutants. However, it is not known if these practices reduce or enhance the legacy pollution with OCPs. The aim of this study was to explore the spatial variation of OCPs in closed lakes. The total concentration of OCPs in water and sediments ranged between 0.0176 and 37.1 µg/L, and between 122 to 1,890 ng/g, respectively. The concentrations of OCPs were compared with the consensus-based sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) in order to evaluate the ecological risks of sediments. The highest potential adverse effects were associated with γ-HCH exposure. Periodical draining and dredging of lakes lead to the resuspension of contaminants, increasing pesticide bioavailability and accumulation in sediments. In addition, we observed that fluorescent dissolved organic matter (DOM) might influence the OCPs cycle. The quantity and character of fluorescent DOM can provide further insight into OCPs degradation. Also, this study may help urban planners to determine the state of urban waters and to find the best solution for water management.
{"title":"Spatial variation of organochlorine pesticides and dissolved organic matter in urban closed lakes","authors":"C. Popa, S. Dontu, E. Levei, C. Iojă, A. Popa, M. Miclean, Maria-Alexandra Hoaghia, O. Cadar, E. Carstea","doi":"10.1080/03601234.2019.1697141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03601234.2019.1697141","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Closed lakes located in urban parks act as sinks of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), which have been used, for decades, as insecticides, herbicides and fungicides. The closed lakes from Bucharest, Romania, are periodically managed to prevent eutrophication and accumulation of pollutants. However, it is not known if these practices reduce or enhance the legacy pollution with OCPs. The aim of this study was to explore the spatial variation of OCPs in closed lakes. The total concentration of OCPs in water and sediments ranged between 0.0176 and 37.1 µg/L, and between 122 to 1,890 ng/g, respectively. The concentrations of OCPs were compared with the consensus-based sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) in order to evaluate the ecological risks of sediments. The highest potential adverse effects were associated with γ-HCH exposure. Periodical draining and dredging of lakes lead to the resuspension of contaminants, increasing pesticide bioavailability and accumulation in sediments. In addition, we observed that fluorescent dissolved organic matter (DOM) might influence the OCPs cycle. The quantity and character of fluorescent DOM can provide further insight into OCPs degradation. Also, this study may help urban planners to determine the state of urban waters and to find the best solution for water management.","PeriodicalId":15670,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B","volume":"6 1","pages":"329 - 341"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84567077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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