Pub Date : 2024-11-18DOI: 10.1038/s41370-024-00729-z
Sara E. Grineski, Roger Renteria, Amanda Bakian, Timothy W. Collins, James VanDerslice, Camden J. Alexander, Deborah Bilder
Knowledge of relationships between tropospheric ozone and mental and developmental health outcomes is currently inconclusive, with the largest knowledge gaps for children. This gap is important to address as evidence suggests that climate change will worsen ozone pollution. We examine the association of average ozone exposure during the preconception period, and first, second and third trimesters of pregnancy on the odds of intellectual disability (ID) in Utah children. For the period of 2002–2020, we assembled daily, tract-level ozone concentration data, data on ID case status, and data on cases’ full siblings and population controls. We analyzed the data using generalized estimating equations. Ozone was positively associated with the odds of ID in cases vs. their siblings (in the preconception, first, second and third trimester exposure windows, all p < 0.05, n = 1042) and vs. population controls (only in the second trimester exposure window, p < 0.05, n = 5179). The strength of the association was largest during the second trimester in both analyses. A second trimester average ozone level increase of 10 ppb was associated with a 55.3% increase in the odds of ID relative to full siblings (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.171–2.058) and a 22.8% increase in the odds of ID relative to population controls (CI: 1.054–1.431). Findings were robust to different subsets of sibling controls as well as several sensitivity analyses. Results document that ozone has a measurable relationship with children’s cognitive development in Utah. Evidence suggests that climate change will worsen ozone pollution. The potential amplifying effect of climate change on ozone is more certain than it is for fine particulate matter. This means that ozone and health research will remain relevant into the future. Currently, several systematic reviews and meta-analyses have concluded that knowledge about ozone and cognitive health is insufficient, especially for children. Using two different study designs, we find that prenatal ozone exposure is associated with risk of intellectual disability in children.
背景：目前，有关对流层臭氧与心理和发育健康结果之间关系的知识尚无定论，儿童方面的知识缺口最大。有证据表明，气候变化将加剧臭氧污染，因此解决这一问题非常重要：我们研究了怀孕前、怀孕第一、第二和第三孕期平均臭氧暴露量与犹他州儿童智力残疾（ID）几率的关系：方法：我们收集了 2002-2020 年间每天的区级臭氧浓度数据、智障病例状态数据以及病例的兄弟姐妹和人群对照数据。我们使用广义估计方程对数据进行了分析：结果：臭氧与病例及其兄弟姐妹患 ID 的几率呈正相关（在孕前、孕期第一、第二和第三季度的暴露窗口，所有 p 均有显著性）：结果表明，在犹他州，臭氧与儿童的认知发展有着可测量的关系：有证据表明，气候变化将加剧臭氧污染。与细颗粒物相比，气候变化对臭氧的潜在放大效应更为确定。这意味着臭氧与健康研究在未来仍将具有现实意义。目前，一些系统综述和荟萃分析得出的结论是，有关臭氧和认知健康的知识不足，尤其是对儿童而言。利用两种不同的研究设计，我们发现产前臭氧暴露与儿童智力残疾的风险有关。
{"title":"Prenatal ozone exposure and risk of intellectual disability","authors":"Sara E. Grineski, Roger Renteria, Amanda Bakian, Timothy W. Collins, James VanDerslice, Camden J. Alexander, Deborah Bilder","doi":"10.1038/s41370-024-00729-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41370-024-00729-z","url":null,"abstract":"Knowledge of relationships between tropospheric ozone and mental and developmental health outcomes is currently inconclusive, with the largest knowledge gaps for children. This gap is important to address as evidence suggests that climate change will worsen ozone pollution. We examine the association of average ozone exposure during the preconception period, and first, second and third trimesters of pregnancy on the odds of intellectual disability (ID) in Utah children. For the period of 2002–2020, we assembled daily, tract-level ozone concentration data, data on ID case status, and data on cases’ full siblings and population controls. We analyzed the data using generalized estimating equations. Ozone was positively associated with the odds of ID in cases vs. their siblings (in the preconception, first, second and third trimester exposure windows, all p < 0.05, n = 1042) and vs. population controls (only in the second trimester exposure window, p < 0.05, n = 5179). The strength of the association was largest during the second trimester in both analyses. A second trimester average ozone level increase of 10 ppb was associated with a 55.3% increase in the odds of ID relative to full siblings (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.171–2.058) and a 22.8% increase in the odds of ID relative to population controls (CI: 1.054–1.431). Findings were robust to different subsets of sibling controls as well as several sensitivity analyses. Results document that ozone has a measurable relationship with children’s cognitive development in Utah. Evidence suggests that climate change will worsen ozone pollution. The potential amplifying effect of climate change on ozone is more certain than it is for fine particulate matter. This means that ozone and health research will remain relevant into the future. Currently, several systematic reviews and meta-analyses have concluded that knowledge about ozone and cognitive health is insufficient, especially for children. Using two different study designs, we find that prenatal ozone exposure is associated with risk of intellectual disability in children.","PeriodicalId":15684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"36 1","pages":"14-21"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142667965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-16DOI: 10.1038/s41370-024-00720-8
Lindsay W. Stanek, Wayne E. Cascio, Timothy M. Barzyk, Michael S. Breen, Nicole M. DeLuca, Shannon M. Griffin, Lisa Jo Melnyk, Jeffrey M. Minucci, Kent W. Thomas, Nicolle S. Tulve, Christopher P. Weaver, Elaine A. Cohen Hubal
Exposure science plays an essential role in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (U.S. EPA) mission to protect human health and the environment. The U.S. EPA’s Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment (CPHEA) within the Office of Research and Development (ORD) provides the exposure science needed to characterize the multifaceted relationships between people and their surroundings in support of national, regional, local and individual-level actions. Furthermore, exposure science research must position its enterprise to tackle the most pressing public health challenges in an ever-changing environment. These challenges include understanding and confronting complex human disease etiologies, disparities in the social environment, and system-level changes in the physical environment. Solutions will sustainably balance and optimize the health of people, animals, and ecosystems. Our objectives for this paper are to review the role of CPHEA exposure science research in various recent decision-making contexts, to present current challenges facing U.S. EPA and the larger exposure science field, and to provide illustrative case examples where CPHEA exposure science is demonstrating the latest methodologies at the intersection of these two motivations. This blueprint provides a foundation for applying exposomic tools and approaches to holistically understand real-world exposures so optimal environmental public health protective actions can be realized within the broader context of a One Health framework.
{"title":"Environmental public health research at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: A blueprint for exposure science in a connected world","authors":"Lindsay W. Stanek, Wayne E. Cascio, Timothy M. Barzyk, Michael S. Breen, Nicole M. DeLuca, Shannon M. Griffin, Lisa Jo Melnyk, Jeffrey M. Minucci, Kent W. Thomas, Nicolle S. Tulve, Christopher P. Weaver, Elaine A. Cohen Hubal","doi":"10.1038/s41370-024-00720-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41370-024-00720-8","url":null,"abstract":"Exposure science plays an essential role in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (U.S. EPA) mission to protect human health and the environment. The U.S. EPA’s Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment (CPHEA) within the Office of Research and Development (ORD) provides the exposure science needed to characterize the multifaceted relationships between people and their surroundings in support of national, regional, local and individual-level actions. Furthermore, exposure science research must position its enterprise to tackle the most pressing public health challenges in an ever-changing environment. These challenges include understanding and confronting complex human disease etiologies, disparities in the social environment, and system-level changes in the physical environment. Solutions will sustainably balance and optimize the health of people, animals, and ecosystems. Our objectives for this paper are to review the role of CPHEA exposure science research in various recent decision-making contexts, to present current challenges facing U.S. EPA and the larger exposure science field, and to provide illustrative case examples where CPHEA exposure science is demonstrating the latest methodologies at the intersection of these two motivations. This blueprint provides a foundation for applying exposomic tools and approaches to holistically understand real-world exposures so optimal environmental public health protective actions can be realized within the broader context of a One Health framework.","PeriodicalId":15684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"35 4","pages":"539-547"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12234364/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142643930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-16DOI: 10.1038/s41370-024-00731-5
Allison P. Patton, Hanna Boogaard, Danielle Vienneau, Jeffrey R. Brook, Audrey Smargiassi, Meltem Kutlar Joss, Adam A. Szpiro, Sharon K. Sagiv, Evangelia Samoli, Barbara Hoffmann, Howard H. Chang, Richard W. Atkinson, Jennifer Weuve, Francesco Forastiere, Fred W. Lurmann, Gerard Hoek
Exposure to ambient air pollution is associated with morbidity and mortality, making it an important public health concern. Emissions from motorized traffic are a common source of air pollution but evaluating the contribution of traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) emissions to health risks is challenging because it is difficult to disentangle the contribution of individual air pollution sources to exposure contrasts in an epidemiological study. This paper describes a new framework to identify whether air pollution differences reflect contrasts in TRAP exposures. Because no commonly measured pollutant is entirely specific to on-road motor vehicles, this exposure framework combined information on pollutants, spatial scale (i.e., geographic extent), and exposure assessment methods and their spatial scale to determine whether the estimated effect of air pollution in a given study was related to differences in TRAP. The exposure framework extended beyond the near-road environment to include differences in exposure to TRAP at neighborhood resolution ( ≤ 5 km) across urban, regional, and national scales. It also embedded a stricter set of criteria to identify studies that provided the strongest evidence that exposure contrasts were related to differences in traffic emissions. Application of the framework to the transparent selection of epidemiological studies for a systematic review produced insights on assessing and improving comparability of TRAP exposure measures, particularly for indirect measures such as distances from roads. It also highlighted study design challenges related to the duration of measurements and the structure of epidemiological models. This manuscript describes a new exposure framework to identify studies of traffic-related air pollution, a case study of its application in an HEI systematic review, and its implications for exposure science and air pollution epidemiology experts. It identifies challenges and provides recommendations for the field going forward. It is important to bring this information to the attention of researchers in air pollution exposure science and epidemiology because applying the broader lessons learned will improve the conduct and reporting of studies going forward.
{"title":"Assessment of long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution: An exposure framework","authors":"Allison P. Patton, Hanna Boogaard, Danielle Vienneau, Jeffrey R. Brook, Audrey Smargiassi, Meltem Kutlar Joss, Adam A. Szpiro, Sharon K. Sagiv, Evangelia Samoli, Barbara Hoffmann, Howard H. Chang, Richard W. Atkinson, Jennifer Weuve, Francesco Forastiere, Fred W. Lurmann, Gerard Hoek","doi":"10.1038/s41370-024-00731-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41370-024-00731-5","url":null,"abstract":"Exposure to ambient air pollution is associated with morbidity and mortality, making it an important public health concern. Emissions from motorized traffic are a common source of air pollution but evaluating the contribution of traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) emissions to health risks is challenging because it is difficult to disentangle the contribution of individual air pollution sources to exposure contrasts in an epidemiological study. This paper describes a new framework to identify whether air pollution differences reflect contrasts in TRAP exposures. Because no commonly measured pollutant is entirely specific to on-road motor vehicles, this exposure framework combined information on pollutants, spatial scale (i.e., geographic extent), and exposure assessment methods and their spatial scale to determine whether the estimated effect of air pollution in a given study was related to differences in TRAP. The exposure framework extended beyond the near-road environment to include differences in exposure to TRAP at neighborhood resolution ( ≤ 5 km) across urban, regional, and national scales. It also embedded a stricter set of criteria to identify studies that provided the strongest evidence that exposure contrasts were related to differences in traffic emissions. Application of the framework to the transparent selection of epidemiological studies for a systematic review produced insights on assessing and improving comparability of TRAP exposure measures, particularly for indirect measures such as distances from roads. It also highlighted study design challenges related to the duration of measurements and the structure of epidemiological models. This manuscript describes a new exposure framework to identify studies of traffic-related air pollution, a case study of its application in an HEI systematic review, and its implications for exposure science and air pollution epidemiology experts. It identifies challenges and provides recommendations for the field going forward. It is important to bring this information to the attention of researchers in air pollution exposure science and epidemiology because applying the broader lessons learned will improve the conduct and reporting of studies going forward.","PeriodicalId":15684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"35 3","pages":"493-501"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142643926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-09DOI: 10.1038/s41370-024-00730-6
Stephanie M. Holm, Brett C. Singer, Mi-Suk Kang Dufour, Woody Delp, James E. S. Nolan, P. Jacob Bueno de Mesquita, Bailey Ward, Yahna Williamson, O’Philia Le, Marion L. Russell, Kim G. Harley, John R. Balmes
Cooking-related emissions contribute to air pollutants in the home and may influence children’s health outcomes. In this pilot study, we investigate the effects of a cooking ventilation intervention in homes with gas stoves, including a video-based educational intervention and range hood replacement (when needed) in children’s homes. This was a pilot (n = 14), before-after trial (clinicaltrials.gov #NCT04464720) in homes in the San Francisco Bay Area that had a school-aged child, a gas stove, and either a venting range hood or over-the-range microwave/hood. Cooking events, ventilation use, and indoor air pollution were measured in homes for 2–4 weeks, and children completed respiratory assessments. Midway, families received this intervention: (1) education about the hazards of cooking-related pollutants and benefits of both switching to back burners and using the range hood whenever cooking and (2) ensuring the range hood met airflow and sound performance standards. The educational intervention was delivered via a video developed in conjunction with local youth. We found substantially increased use of back burners and slight increases in range hood use during cooking after intervening. Even though there was no change in cooking frequency or duration, these behavior changes resulted in decreases in nitrogen dioxide (NO2), including significant decreases in the total integrated concentration of NO2 over all cooking events from 1230 ppb*min (IQR 336, 7861) to 756 (IQR 84.0, 4210; p < 0.05) and NO2 collected on samplers over the entire pre- and post-intervention intervals from 10.4 ppb (IQR 3.5, 47.5) to 9.4 (IQR 3.0, 36.1; p < 0.005). There were smaller changes in PM2.5, and no changes were seen in respiratory outcomes. This pilot before-after trial evaluated the use of a four-minute educational video to improve cooking ventilation in homes with gas stoves and one or more school-aged children. Participant behavior changed after watching the video, and there were decreases in indoor air pollutant concentrations in the home, some of which were significant. This brief video is now publicly available in English and Spanish (wspehsu.ucsf.edu/projects/indoor-air-quality), and this provides suggestive evidence of the utility of this simple intervention, which could be particularly beneficial for households that have children with asthma.
{"title":"Measured air quality impacts after teaching parents about cooking ventilation with a video: a pilot study","authors":"Stephanie M. Holm, Brett C. Singer, Mi-Suk Kang Dufour, Woody Delp, James E. S. Nolan, P. Jacob Bueno de Mesquita, Bailey Ward, Yahna Williamson, O’Philia Le, Marion L. Russell, Kim G. Harley, John R. Balmes","doi":"10.1038/s41370-024-00730-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41370-024-00730-6","url":null,"abstract":"Cooking-related emissions contribute to air pollutants in the home and may influence children’s health outcomes. In this pilot study, we investigate the effects of a cooking ventilation intervention in homes with gas stoves, including a video-based educational intervention and range hood replacement (when needed) in children’s homes. This was a pilot (n = 14), before-after trial (clinicaltrials.gov #NCT04464720) in homes in the San Francisco Bay Area that had a school-aged child, a gas stove, and either a venting range hood or over-the-range microwave/hood. Cooking events, ventilation use, and indoor air pollution were measured in homes for 2–4 weeks, and children completed respiratory assessments. Midway, families received this intervention: (1) education about the hazards of cooking-related pollutants and benefits of both switching to back burners and using the range hood whenever cooking and (2) ensuring the range hood met airflow and sound performance standards. The educational intervention was delivered via a video developed in conjunction with local youth. We found substantially increased use of back burners and slight increases in range hood use during cooking after intervening. Even though there was no change in cooking frequency or duration, these behavior changes resulted in decreases in nitrogen dioxide (NO2), including significant decreases in the total integrated concentration of NO2 over all cooking events from 1230 ppb*min (IQR 336, 7861) to 756 (IQR 84.0, 4210; p < 0.05) and NO2 collected on samplers over the entire pre- and post-intervention intervals from 10.4 ppb (IQR 3.5, 47.5) to 9.4 (IQR 3.0, 36.1; p < 0.005). There were smaller changes in PM2.5, and no changes were seen in respiratory outcomes. This pilot before-after trial evaluated the use of a four-minute educational video to improve cooking ventilation in homes with gas stoves and one or more school-aged children. Participant behavior changed after watching the video, and there were decreases in indoor air pollutant concentrations in the home, some of which were significant. This brief video is now publicly available in English and Spanish (wspehsu.ucsf.edu/projects/indoor-air-quality), and this provides suggestive evidence of the utility of this simple intervention, which could be particularly beneficial for households that have children with asthma.","PeriodicalId":15684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"35 2","pages":"223-232"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12009736/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142621840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-08DOI: 10.1038/s41370-024-00733-3
Robert J. Morris
{"title":"“In Reference to ‘What is the safe noise exposure level to prevent noise-induced hearing loss?’”","authors":"Robert J. Morris","doi":"10.1038/s41370-024-00733-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41370-024-00733-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"36 1","pages":"22-23"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142621839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-07DOI: 10.1038/s41370-024-00727-1
Ruwan Thilakaratne, Rosemary Castorina, Gina Solomon, Mary M. Mosburg, Benjamin C. Moeller, Josephine F. Trott, Tara D. Falt, Ariadne Villegas-Gomez, Kevin W. Dodd, Catherine Thomsen, Paul English, Xiang Yang, Annika Khan, Asa Bradman, Russell C. Hovey
Endogenous and exogenous hormones may be present in beef. Human consumption of hormones has been linked to adverse health effects. To estimate daily intake of hormonal growth promotants (HGP) from beef consumed by the US population. We combined self-reported beef consumption information from a nationally-representative survey with concentrations of 12 HGP measured in 397 samples of retail beef/fat purchased in California. We defined typical, high, and maximum intake scenarios assuming self-reported consumed beef contained the mean, 95th percentile, and maximum concentrations of each HGP, respectively. We estimated distributions of usual (i.e., long-term) daily intake and short-term daily intake (µg/kg/day). We calculated the hazard quotient (HQ), or ratio of estimated intake to the World Health Organization’s acceptable daily intake (ADI) for the HGP. The highest estimated HQs were found for melengestrol acetate (MGA). For usual daily intake under the typical intake scenario, no HQ exceeded 0.02 (0.00047 µg MGA/kg/day). Under the maximum intake scenario, the highest HQ was 0.29 (0.0087 µg MGA/kg/day), corresponding to the 99th percentile of intake among young boys (ages 1–5). The highest short-term intake estimates for MGA under the maximum intake scenario were the 99th percentile of intake among young girls and boys, which equaled (HQ = 1.00) or exceeded (HQ = 1.29) the ADI for MGA, respectively.
{"title":"Estimated human intake of endogenous and exogenous hormones from beef in the United States","authors":"Ruwan Thilakaratne, Rosemary Castorina, Gina Solomon, Mary M. Mosburg, Benjamin C. Moeller, Josephine F. Trott, Tara D. Falt, Ariadne Villegas-Gomez, Kevin W. Dodd, Catherine Thomsen, Paul English, Xiang Yang, Annika Khan, Asa Bradman, Russell C. Hovey","doi":"10.1038/s41370-024-00727-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41370-024-00727-1","url":null,"abstract":"Endogenous and exogenous hormones may be present in beef. Human consumption of hormones has been linked to adverse health effects. To estimate daily intake of hormonal growth promotants (HGP) from beef consumed by the US population. We combined self-reported beef consumption information from a nationally-representative survey with concentrations of 12 HGP measured in 397 samples of retail beef/fat purchased in California. We defined typical, high, and maximum intake scenarios assuming self-reported consumed beef contained the mean, 95th percentile, and maximum concentrations of each HGP, respectively. We estimated distributions of usual (i.e., long-term) daily intake and short-term daily intake (µg/kg/day). We calculated the hazard quotient (HQ), or ratio of estimated intake to the World Health Organization’s acceptable daily intake (ADI) for the HGP. The highest estimated HQs were found for melengestrol acetate (MGA). For usual daily intake under the typical intake scenario, no HQ exceeded 0.02 (0.00047 µg MGA/kg/day). Under the maximum intake scenario, the highest HQ was 0.29 (0.0087 µg MGA/kg/day), corresponding to the 99th percentile of intake among young boys (ages 1–5). The highest short-term intake estimates for MGA under the maximum intake scenario were the 99th percentile of intake among young girls and boys, which equaled (HQ = 1.00) or exceeded (HQ = 1.29) the ADI for MGA, respectively.","PeriodicalId":15684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"35 3","pages":"362-374"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12069096/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142603819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The epidemiological evidence regarding the correlation between air pollution, residential greenspace, and the risk of kidney stone disease (KSD) is limited, with no large-scale prospective studies conducted on this relationship. We conducted a large-scale prospective study from the UK Biobank to explore the correlation between air pollution, residential greenspace, and the risk of KSD. This study included 419,835 UK Biobank participants who did not have KSD at baseline. An air pollution score was derived through the summation of concentrations for five air pollutants, including particulate matter (PM) with aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5), ranging from 2.5 to 10 μm (PM2.5-10), ≤10 μm (PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and nitrogen oxides (NOx). Various covariates were adjusted for in Cox proportional hazard regression to evaluate the risk of KSD associated with air pollution score, single air pollutant, and residential greenspace. During a follow-up period of 12.7 years, 4503 cases of KSD were diagnosed. Significant associations were found between KSD risk and air pollution score (HR: 1.08, 95% CI: 1.03–1.13), PM2.5 (1.06, 1.02–1.11), PM10 (1.04, 1.01–1.07), NO2 (1.09, 1.02–1.16), NOx (1.08, 1.02–1.11), greenspace buffered at 300 m (0.95, 0.91–0.99), and greenspace buffered at 1000 m (0.92, 0.86–0.98) increase per interquartile range (IQR). PM2.5 and NO2 reductions may be a key mechanism for the protective impact of residential greenspace on KSD (P for indirect path < 0.05).
{"title":"Air pollutants, residential greenspace, and the risk of kidney stone disease: a large prospective cohort study from the UK Biobank","authors":"Minghui Liu, Meng Gao, Zewu Zhu, Jiao Hu, Jian Wu, Hequn Chen, Xiaogen Kuang, Jinbo Chen","doi":"10.1038/s41370-024-00728-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41370-024-00728-0","url":null,"abstract":"The epidemiological evidence regarding the correlation between air pollution, residential greenspace, and the risk of kidney stone disease (KSD) is limited, with no large-scale prospective studies conducted on this relationship. We conducted a large-scale prospective study from the UK Biobank to explore the correlation between air pollution, residential greenspace, and the risk of KSD. This study included 419,835 UK Biobank participants who did not have KSD at baseline. An air pollution score was derived through the summation of concentrations for five air pollutants, including particulate matter (PM) with aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5), ranging from 2.5 to 10 μm (PM2.5-10), ≤10 μm (PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and nitrogen oxides (NOx). Various covariates were adjusted for in Cox proportional hazard regression to evaluate the risk of KSD associated with air pollution score, single air pollutant, and residential greenspace. During a follow-up period of 12.7 years, 4503 cases of KSD were diagnosed. Significant associations were found between KSD risk and air pollution score (HR: 1.08, 95% CI: 1.03–1.13), PM2.5 (1.06, 1.02–1.11), PM10 (1.04, 1.01–1.07), NO2 (1.09, 1.02–1.16), NOx (1.08, 1.02–1.11), greenspace buffered at 300 m (0.95, 0.91–0.99), and greenspace buffered at 1000 m (0.92, 0.86–0.98) increase per interquartile range (IQR). PM2.5 and NO2 reductions may be a key mechanism for the protective impact of residential greenspace on KSD (P for indirect path < 0.05).","PeriodicalId":15684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"35 5","pages":"859-867"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142501640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-16DOI: 10.1038/s41370-024-00724-4
Brij Mohan Sharma, Klára Komprdová, Katarína Lörinczová, Jan Kuta, Petra Přibylová, Martin Scheringer, Ludmila Šebejová, Pavel Piler, Martin Zvonař, Jana Klánová
Exposure to toxic trace elements, which include metals and metalloids, can induce adverse health effects, including life-threatening diseases. Conversely, essential trace elements are vital for bodily functions, yet their excessive (or inadequate) intake may pose health risks. Therefore, identifying levels and determinants of exposure to trace elements is crucial for safeguarding human health. The present study analyzed urinary concentrations of 14 trace elements (arsenic, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, mercury, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, lead, antimony, selenium, thallium, and zinc) and their exposure determinants in 711 individuals, spanning from children to young adults from a Central European population from the Czech Republic. Multivariate linear regression and non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA were used to investigate exposure determinants. Estimates of 95th percentile concentrations and confidence intervals were carried out to establish reference values (RV95). The study also assessed the percentage of population exceeding health-based guidance values (GVs) to gauge health risks. Young adults showed elevated toxic element concentrations, whereas children exhibited higher concentrations of essential elements. Mercury concentrations were associated with both dental amalgam filling count and seafood intake; arsenic concentrations were associated with seafood, rice, and mushroom consumption. Mushroom consumption also influenced lead concentrations. Sex differences were found for cadmium, zinc, nickel, and cobalt. Between 17.9% and 25% of the participants exceeded recommended GV for arsenic, while 2.4% to 2.8% exceeded GV for cadmium. Only one participant exceeded the GV for mercury, and none exceeded GVs for chromium and thallium. Essential trace elements’ GVs were surpassed by 38% to 68.5% participants for zinc, 1.3% to 1.8% for molybdenum, and 0.2% to 0.3% for selenium. The present study examines trace element exposure in a Central European population from the Czech Republic, unveiling elevated exposure levels of toxic elements in young adults and essential elements in children. It elucidates key determinants of trace element exposure, including dietary and lifestyle indicators as well as dental amalgam fillings. Additionally, the study establishes novel reference values and a comparison with established health-based human biomonitoring guidance values, which are crucial for public health decision-making. This comprehensive biomonitoring study provides essential data to inform public health policies and interventions.
{"title":"Human biomonitoring of essential and toxic trace elements (heavy metals and metalloids) in urine of children, teenagers, and young adults from a Central European Cohort in the Czech Republic","authors":"Brij Mohan Sharma, Klára Komprdová, Katarína Lörinczová, Jan Kuta, Petra Přibylová, Martin Scheringer, Ludmila Šebejová, Pavel Piler, Martin Zvonař, Jana Klánová","doi":"10.1038/s41370-024-00724-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41370-024-00724-4","url":null,"abstract":"Exposure to toxic trace elements, which include metals and metalloids, can induce adverse health effects, including life-threatening diseases. Conversely, essential trace elements are vital for bodily functions, yet their excessive (or inadequate) intake may pose health risks. Therefore, identifying levels and determinants of exposure to trace elements is crucial for safeguarding human health. The present study analyzed urinary concentrations of 14 trace elements (arsenic, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, mercury, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, lead, antimony, selenium, thallium, and zinc) and their exposure determinants in 711 individuals, spanning from children to young adults from a Central European population from the Czech Republic. Multivariate linear regression and non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA were used to investigate exposure determinants. Estimates of 95th percentile concentrations and confidence intervals were carried out to establish reference values (RV95). The study also assessed the percentage of population exceeding health-based guidance values (GVs) to gauge health risks. Young adults showed elevated toxic element concentrations, whereas children exhibited higher concentrations of essential elements. Mercury concentrations were associated with both dental amalgam filling count and seafood intake; arsenic concentrations were associated with seafood, rice, and mushroom consumption. Mushroom consumption also influenced lead concentrations. Sex differences were found for cadmium, zinc, nickel, and cobalt. Between 17.9% and 25% of the participants exceeded recommended GV for arsenic, while 2.4% to 2.8% exceeded GV for cadmium. Only one participant exceeded the GV for mercury, and none exceeded GVs for chromium and thallium. Essential trace elements’ GVs were surpassed by 38% to 68.5% participants for zinc, 1.3% to 1.8% for molybdenum, and 0.2% to 0.3% for selenium. The present study examines trace element exposure in a Central European population from the Czech Republic, unveiling elevated exposure levels of toxic elements in young adults and essential elements in children. It elucidates key determinants of trace element exposure, including dietary and lifestyle indicators as well as dental amalgam fillings. Additionally, the study establishes novel reference values and a comparison with established health-based human biomonitoring guidance values, which are crucial for public health decision-making. This comprehensive biomonitoring study provides essential data to inform public health policies and interventions.","PeriodicalId":15684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"35 5","pages":"730-745"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142467132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-06DOI: 10.1038/s41370-024-00723-5
Jahred M. Liddie, Marie-Abèle Bind, Mahesh Karra, Elsie M. Sunderland
Epidemiologic and animal studies both support relationships between exposures to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and harmful effects on the immune system. Accordingly, PFAS have been identified as potential environmental risk factors for adverse COVID-19 outcomes. Here, we examine associations between PFAS contamination of U.S. community water systems (CWS) and county-level COVID-19 mortality records. Our analyses leverage two datasets: one at the subnational scale (5371 CWS serving 621 counties) and one at the national scale (4798 CWS serving 1677 counties). The subnational monitoring dataset was obtained from statewide drinking monitoring of PFAS (2016–2020) and the national monitoring dataset was obtained from a survey of unregulated contaminants (2013–2015). We conducted parallel analyses using multilevel quasi-Poisson regressions to estimate cumulative incidence ratios for the association between county-level measures of PFAS drinking water contamination and COVID-19 mortality prior to vaccination onset (Jan-Dec 2020). In the primary analyses, these regressions were adjusted for several county-level sociodemographic factors, days after the first reported case in the county, and total hospital beds. In the subnational analysis, detection of at least one PFAS over 5 ng/L was associated with 12% higher [95% CI: 4%, 19%] COVID-19 mortality. In the national analysis, detection of at least one PFAS above the reporting limits (20–90 ng/L) was associated with 13% higher [95% CI: 8%, 19%] COVID-19 mortality.
{"title":"County-level associations between drinking water PFAS contamination and COVID-19 mortality in the United States","authors":"Jahred M. Liddie, Marie-Abèle Bind, Mahesh Karra, Elsie M. Sunderland","doi":"10.1038/s41370-024-00723-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41370-024-00723-5","url":null,"abstract":"Epidemiologic and animal studies both support relationships between exposures to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and harmful effects on the immune system. Accordingly, PFAS have been identified as potential environmental risk factors for adverse COVID-19 outcomes. Here, we examine associations between PFAS contamination of U.S. community water systems (CWS) and county-level COVID-19 mortality records. Our analyses leverage two datasets: one at the subnational scale (5371 CWS serving 621 counties) and one at the national scale (4798 CWS serving 1677 counties). The subnational monitoring dataset was obtained from statewide drinking monitoring of PFAS (2016–2020) and the national monitoring dataset was obtained from a survey of unregulated contaminants (2013–2015). We conducted parallel analyses using multilevel quasi-Poisson regressions to estimate cumulative incidence ratios for the association between county-level measures of PFAS drinking water contamination and COVID-19 mortality prior to vaccination onset (Jan-Dec 2020). In the primary analyses, these regressions were adjusted for several county-level sociodemographic factors, days after the first reported case in the county, and total hospital beds. In the subnational analysis, detection of at least one PFAS over 5 ng/L was associated with 12% higher [95% CI: 4%, 19%] COVID-19 mortality. In the national analysis, detection of at least one PFAS above the reporting limits (20–90 ng/L) was associated with 13% higher [95% CI: 8%, 19%] COVID-19 mortality.","PeriodicalId":15684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"35 3","pages":"478-485"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142377898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-04DOI: 10.1038/s41370-024-00722-6
Carolyn W. Kinkade, Anita Brinker, Brian Buckley, Olivia Waysack, I. Diana Fernandez, Amber Kautz, Ying Meng, Huishan Shi, Jessica Brunner, Pamela Ohman-Strickland, Susan W. Groth, Thomas G. O’Connor, Lauren M. Aleksunes, Emily S. Barrett, Zorimar Rivera-Núñez
Zearalenone (ZEN) is a mycotoxin contaminating grains and processed foods. ZEN alters nuclear estrogen receptor α/β signaling earning its designation as a mycoestrogen. Experimental evidence demonstrates that mycoestrogen exposure during pregnancy is associated with altered maternal sex steroid hormones, changes in placental size, and decreases in fetal weight and length. While mycoestrogens have been detected in human biospecimens worldwide, exposure assessment of ZEN in US populations, particularly during pregnancy, is lacking. To characterize urinary and placental concentrations of ZEN and its metabolites in healthy US pregnant people and examine demographic, perinatal, and dietary predictors of exposure. Urine samples were collected in each trimester from pregnant participants in the UPSIDE study and placenta samples were collected at delivery (Rochester, NY, n = 317). We used high performance liquid chromatography and high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry to measure total urinary (ng/ml) and placental mycoestrogens (ng/g). Using linear regression and linear mixed effect models, we examined associations between mycoestrogen concentrations and demographic, perinatal, and dietary factors (Healthy Eating Index [HEI], ultra-processed food [UPF] consumption). Mycoestrogens were detected in 97% of urines (median 0.323 ng/ml) and 84% of placentas (median 0.012 ng/g). Stability of urinary mycoestrogens across pregnancy was low (ICC: 0.16–0.22) and did not correlate with placental levels. In adjusted models, parity (multiparous) and pre-pregnancy BMI (higher) predicted higher urinary concentrations. Birth season (fall) corresponded with higher placental mycoestrogens. Dietary analyses indicated that higher HEI (healthier diets) predicted lower exposure (e.g., Σmycoestrogens %∆ −2.03; 95%CI −3.23, −0.81) and higher percent calories from UPF predicted higher exposure (e.g., Σmycoestrogens %∆ 1.26; 95%CI 0.29, 2.24).
背景：玉米赤霉烯酮（ZEN）是一种污染谷物和加工食品的霉菌毒素。玉米赤霉烯酮会改变核雌激素受体 α/β 信号传导，因此被称为霉变雌激素。实验证据表明，怀孕期间接触霉变雌激素与母体性类固醇激素的改变、胎盘大小的变化以及胎儿体重和身长的减少有关。虽然在世界各地的人体生物样本中都检测到了肌醇雌激素，但在美国人群中，尤其是在怀孕期间，缺乏对 ZEN 暴露的评估：目的：确定美国健康孕妇尿液和胎盘中 ZEN 及其代谢物浓度的特征，并研究人口、围产期和饮食方面的暴露预测因素：方法： 在 UPSIDE 研究的每个孕期收集孕妇的尿液样本，并在分娩时收集胎盘样本（纽约州罗切斯特，n = 317）。我们使用高效液相色谱法和高分辨率串联质谱法测量尿液中的总雌激素（纳克/毫升）和胎盘中的总雌激素（纳克/克）。利用线性回归和线性混合效应模型，我们研究了霉菌雌激素浓度与人口统计学、围产期和饮食因素（健康饮食指数[HEI]、超加工食品[UPF]消费量）之间的关系：结果：97%的尿液（中位数为 0.323 纳克/毫升）和 84%的胎盘（中位数为 0.012 纳克/克）中检测到了霉酚雌酮。整个孕期尿液中霉菌雌激素的稳定性较低（ICC：0.16-0.22），且与胎盘中的含量不相关。在调整模型中，胎次（多胎）和孕前体重指数（较高）预示着尿液中的浓度较高。出生季节（秋季）与胎盘中较高的肌醇雌激素相对应。膳食分析表明，较高的 HEI（较健康的膳食）预示着较低的暴露量（例如，Σ 肌醇雌激素%∆ -2.03；95%CI -3.23，-0.81），而较高的 UPF 热量百分比预示着较高的暴露量（例如，Σ 肌醇雌激素%∆ 1.26；95%CI 0.29，2.24）：霉菌毒素玉米赤霉烯酮（ZEN）与动物模型和牲畜的不良健康和生殖影响有关。尽管有证据表明人类广泛接触玉米赤霉烯酮，但对其接触的预测因素却知之甚少。在一个孕妇群体中，我们观察到，孕产妇的玉米赤霉烯酮浓度因孕产妇孕前体重指数（BMI）和胎次而异。食用超加工食品、添加糖和精制谷物与较高的 ZEN 浓度有关，而较健康的饮食则与较低的 ZEN 浓度有关。我们的研究表明，膳食很可能导致膳食暴露的差异。要了解 ZEN 对母体和后代健康的影响，还需要进一步的研究。
{"title":"Sociodemographic and dietary predictors of maternal and placental mycoestrogen concentrations in a US pregnancy cohort","authors":"Carolyn W. Kinkade, Anita Brinker, Brian Buckley, Olivia Waysack, I. Diana Fernandez, Amber Kautz, Ying Meng, Huishan Shi, Jessica Brunner, Pamela Ohman-Strickland, Susan W. Groth, Thomas G. O’Connor, Lauren M. Aleksunes, Emily S. Barrett, Zorimar Rivera-Núñez","doi":"10.1038/s41370-024-00722-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41370-024-00722-6","url":null,"abstract":"Zearalenone (ZEN) is a mycotoxin contaminating grains and processed foods. ZEN alters nuclear estrogen receptor α/β signaling earning its designation as a mycoestrogen. Experimental evidence demonstrates that mycoestrogen exposure during pregnancy is associated with altered maternal sex steroid hormones, changes in placental size, and decreases in fetal weight and length. While mycoestrogens have been detected in human biospecimens worldwide, exposure assessment of ZEN in US populations, particularly during pregnancy, is lacking. To characterize urinary and placental concentrations of ZEN and its metabolites in healthy US pregnant people and examine demographic, perinatal, and dietary predictors of exposure. Urine samples were collected in each trimester from pregnant participants in the UPSIDE study and placenta samples were collected at delivery (Rochester, NY, n = 317). We used high performance liquid chromatography and high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry to measure total urinary (ng/ml) and placental mycoestrogens (ng/g). Using linear regression and linear mixed effect models, we examined associations between mycoestrogen concentrations and demographic, perinatal, and dietary factors (Healthy Eating Index [HEI], ultra-processed food [UPF] consumption). Mycoestrogens were detected in 97% of urines (median 0.323 ng/ml) and 84% of placentas (median 0.012 ng/g). Stability of urinary mycoestrogens across pregnancy was low (ICC: 0.16–0.22) and did not correlate with placental levels. In adjusted models, parity (multiparous) and pre-pregnancy BMI (higher) predicted higher urinary concentrations. Birth season (fall) corresponded with higher placental mycoestrogens. Dietary analyses indicated that higher HEI (healthier diets) predicted lower exposure (e.g., Σmycoestrogens %∆ −2.03; 95%CI −3.23, −0.81) and higher percent calories from UPF predicted higher exposure (e.g., Σmycoestrogens %∆ 1.26; 95%CI 0.29, 2.24).","PeriodicalId":15684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"35 3","pages":"382-392"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11968447/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142372015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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