Pub Date : 2024-10-10eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1080/1523908X.2024.2410899
Samuel Agyei-Mensah, George Owusu, Cynthia Awuni, Ben Howard, Issahaka Fuseini, Wouter Buytaert, Frans Berkhout
Climate change is changing physical and social risks facing people in African cities. Emerging awareness is beginning to stimulate a wide range of adaptive responses. These responses are playing out in a complex institutional and governance context which shape their effectiveness and legitimacy. Employing a hybrid governance approach, we investigate the development of flooding and flood protection in the context of urban development in Tamale, Ghana. We argue that the interplay between traditional and state-based authority shapes the market for land, the regulation of land use and the provision of urban services, including flood protection. Hybrid governance influences the types of knowledge applied to urban problem-solving, the legitimacy of choices made, the human and other resources that can be deployed in building community resilience and the willingness to act in the provision of public goods by communities. We suggest how the existing hybrid governance setting could be strengthened to achieve more effective and legitimate adaptation to dynamic flood risks under climate change in Tamale, with lessons for other West African contexts.
{"title":"Chiefs and floods: hybrid governance and co-production of flood risk adaptation in Tamale, Ghana.","authors":"Samuel Agyei-Mensah, George Owusu, Cynthia Awuni, Ben Howard, Issahaka Fuseini, Wouter Buytaert, Frans Berkhout","doi":"10.1080/1523908X.2024.2410899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1523908X.2024.2410899","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Climate change is changing physical and social risks facing people in African cities. Emerging awareness is beginning to stimulate a wide range of adaptive responses. These responses are playing out in a complex institutional and governance context which shape their effectiveness and legitimacy. Employing a hybrid governance approach, we investigate the development of flooding and flood protection in the context of urban development in Tamale, Ghana. We argue that the interplay between traditional and state-based authority shapes the market for land, the regulation of land use and the provision of urban services, including flood protection. Hybrid governance influences the types of knowledge applied to urban problem-solving, the legitimacy of choices made, the human and other resources that can be deployed in building community resilience and the willingness to act in the provision of public goods by communities. We suggest how the existing hybrid governance setting could be strengthened to achieve more effective and legitimate adaptation to dynamic flood risks under climate change in Tamale, with lessons for other West African contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":15699,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning","volume":"26 6","pages":"656-672"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11552701/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142621744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-13DOI: 10.1080/1523908x.2023.2281426
Elena Marie Enseñado
Cities learning from or with each other – or city to city learning (C2C) – is the focus of analysis for this systematic literature review. This research paper sought to understand C2C learning by examining conceptual, methodological, and empirical evidence. Conceptually, this research paper found few definitions of C2C learning. By formulating a definition as well as building a process-and-outcome model, which integrates different phases, mechanisms, conditions, and effects, this research paper contributes to furthering the conceptual debate and clarity on C2C learning. C2C learning is defined here as a dynamic yet sequential mutual process participated in by cities and their representatives which starts with exploration, followed by acquisition, utilization, and internalization. Each phase is activated by specific mechanisms and can be influenced by different conditions that can lead to multiplicity of outcomes. For future research, more diverse methodologies, such as the use of non-qualitative and longitudinal studies, are suggested. Lastly, further empirical analysis, which can make use of the proposed C2C learning process-and-outcome model, is recommended. Overall, it is important to further investigate the link(s) between the (wider patterns of) learning processes, the conditions under which C2C learning works, and (the multiplicity of) outcomes across different contexts.
{"title":"City-to-city learning: a synthesis and research agenda","authors":"Elena Marie Enseñado","doi":"10.1080/1523908x.2023.2281426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1523908x.2023.2281426","url":null,"abstract":"Cities learning from or with each other – or city to city learning (C2C) – is the focus of analysis for this systematic literature review. This research paper sought to understand C2C learning by examining conceptual, methodological, and empirical evidence. Conceptually, this research paper found few definitions of C2C learning. By formulating a definition as well as building a process-and-outcome model, which integrates different phases, mechanisms, conditions, and effects, this research paper contributes to furthering the conceptual debate and clarity on C2C learning. C2C learning is defined here as a dynamic yet sequential mutual process participated in by cities and their representatives which starts with exploration, followed by acquisition, utilization, and internalization. Each phase is activated by specific mechanisms and can be influenced by different conditions that can lead to multiplicity of outcomes. For future research, more diverse methodologies, such as the use of non-qualitative and longitudinal studies, are suggested. Lastly, further empirical analysis, which can make use of the proposed C2C learning process-and-outcome model, is recommended. Overall, it is important to further investigate the link(s) between the (wider patterns of) learning processes, the conditions under which C2C learning works, and (the multiplicity of) outcomes across different contexts.","PeriodicalId":15699,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning","volume":"48 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136347236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-08DOI: 10.1080/1523908x.2023.2279059
Mahir Yazar, Ece Baykal Fide, Irem Daloglu Cetinkaya
Responsive land-use policy amid climate change in urban settings includes infrastructure transformation and necessitates recognizing community- and individual-level vulnerabilities as well as climate-driven injustices, which are isolated in the existing literature. This paper highlights how climate policies set in the nine cities of Turkey identify vulnerable groups and individuals, and develop land-use policy to address the identified vulnerabilities and climate justice concerns. Employing policy content analysis and expert interviews, we find critical relationships between the identified vulnerable groups, responsive land-use policy, and climate justice. While social-aid municipalism-related vulnerabilities dominate the districts’ climate policies, nature-based solutions (NBS), especially green infrastructure and urban agriculture, emerge as the dominant climate adaptation solutions. The way urban vulnerabilities are prioritized in the climate and sustainability plans put less emphasis on intersectionality and urban infrastructure-related vulnerabilities. With tokenism of justice taking place in policy documents, the plans do not incorporate vulnerable communities in land-use planning. Ultimately, the complexity of responsive land-use policies for cities must cultivate a greater awareness of how to support vulnerable communities practically.
{"title":"The nested hierarchy of urban vulnerability within land use policies fails to address climate injustices in Turkey","authors":"Mahir Yazar, Ece Baykal Fide, Irem Daloglu Cetinkaya","doi":"10.1080/1523908x.2023.2279059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1523908x.2023.2279059","url":null,"abstract":"Responsive land-use policy amid climate change in urban settings includes infrastructure transformation and necessitates recognizing community- and individual-level vulnerabilities as well as climate-driven injustices, which are isolated in the existing literature. This paper highlights how climate policies set in the nine cities of Turkey identify vulnerable groups and individuals, and develop land-use policy to address the identified vulnerabilities and climate justice concerns. Employing policy content analysis and expert interviews, we find critical relationships between the identified vulnerable groups, responsive land-use policy, and climate justice. While social-aid municipalism-related vulnerabilities dominate the districts’ climate policies, nature-based solutions (NBS), especially green infrastructure and urban agriculture, emerge as the dominant climate adaptation solutions. The way urban vulnerabilities are prioritized in the climate and sustainability plans put less emphasis on intersectionality and urban infrastructure-related vulnerabilities. With tokenism of justice taking place in policy documents, the plans do not incorporate vulnerable communities in land-use planning. Ultimately, the complexity of responsive land-use policies for cities must cultivate a greater awareness of how to support vulnerable communities practically.","PeriodicalId":15699,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning","volume":"33 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135391159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.1080/1523908x.2023.2279053
Eija Pouta, Tuomas Rajala, Erkki Mäntymaa, Katja Kangas, Juha Hiedanpää
In addressing long-term climate and energy challenges with wind energy, the acceptance of wind power is in a key role. Here, we systematically emphasize the several dimensions of distance, namely spatial, temporal, social, and experiential, and test the difference in attitudes toward near and distant wind turbines in these dimensions. We focus on both attitudes toward wind power and perceptions of its impacts using survey data with spatial information from southwestern Finland. Spatial distance associated significantly and positively with attitudes toward wind power. Regarding the social and temporal dimensions of distance, the direction of the association was against our hypothesis, meaning that the lower the distance was, the more positive were the attitudes. For experiential distance, no association was observed. The results recommend siting wind farms at a distance of over 10 km from population centers. Avoiding conflicts with vacation homes creates a new social challenge for wind power development.
{"title":"Does multidimensional distance matter? Perceptions and acceptance of wind power","authors":"Eija Pouta, Tuomas Rajala, Erkki Mäntymaa, Katja Kangas, Juha Hiedanpää","doi":"10.1080/1523908x.2023.2279053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1523908x.2023.2279053","url":null,"abstract":"In addressing long-term climate and energy challenges with wind energy, the acceptance of wind power is in a key role. Here, we systematically emphasize the several dimensions of distance, namely spatial, temporal, social, and experiential, and test the difference in attitudes toward near and distant wind turbines in these dimensions. We focus on both attitudes toward wind power and perceptions of its impacts using survey data with spatial information from southwestern Finland. Spatial distance associated significantly and positively with attitudes toward wind power. Regarding the social and temporal dimensions of distance, the direction of the association was against our hypothesis, meaning that the lower the distance was, the more positive were the attitudes. For experiential distance, no association was observed. The results recommend siting wind farms at a distance of over 10 km from population centers. Avoiding conflicts with vacation homes creates a new social challenge for wind power development.","PeriodicalId":15699,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning","volume":"25 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135634739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Over the last decades, a growing strand of research has focused on the role that city networks play in local policy innovation and learning in the field of climate and the environment. In this regard, global transnational city networks have been at the core of the academic debate, whereas the number of studies investigating the European context and, more specifically, the networking initiatives supported or ‘orchestrated’ by the European Union (EU) has, to date, been limited. This article improves our understanding of how the latter type of network operates, and the extent to which these networks comply with expectations regarding their learning and capacity-building potential. By adopting social network analysis as a framework, we formulate and test a number of research propositions, and thus unpack the relevance and impact of the EU URBACT programme, which, since the year 2000, has promoted the creation of city networks as a tool for use in peer-to-peer learning and capacity-building in the field of sustainable urban development.
{"title":"Exploring the potential of city networks for climate: the case of urbact","authors":"Ekaterina Domorenok, Matteo Bassoli, Federica Cagnoli","doi":"10.1080/1523908x.2023.2272843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1523908x.2023.2272843","url":null,"abstract":"Over the last decades, a growing strand of research has focused on the role that city networks play in local policy innovation and learning in the field of climate and the environment. In this regard, global transnational city networks have been at the core of the academic debate, whereas the number of studies investigating the European context and, more specifically, the networking initiatives supported or ‘orchestrated’ by the European Union (EU) has, to date, been limited. This article improves our understanding of how the latter type of network operates, and the extent to which these networks comply with expectations regarding their learning and capacity-building potential. By adopting social network analysis as a framework, we formulate and test a number of research propositions, and thus unpack the relevance and impact of the EU URBACT programme, which, since the year 2000, has promoted the creation of city networks as a tool for use in peer-to-peer learning and capacity-building in the field of sustainable urban development.","PeriodicalId":15699,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning","volume":"140 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135273729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-13DOI: 10.1080/1523908x.2023.2269381
Juan Du, Xufeng Zhu
ABSTRACTThis study examines the effect of transparency as a governance mechanism on citizen support for controversial governmental decisions to public facilities. Building on the government transparency literature, this article argues that regulatory transparency has a double-sided meaning of regulatory enforcement and rule violations. Due to the ambiguity inherent in regulatory performance information, citizens may interpret disclosed information as a reflection of prevalent rule violations and thereby reduce support for relevant public facilities. Furthermore, the negative association between regulatory transparency and citizen support is contingent on citizens’ use of social media. We test these arguments in the nuclear energy regulatory domain using original, nationally representative survey data and an independent environmental regulation transparency index in China. Findings reveal that regulatory transparency reduces citizen support for proposed nuclear power programs. We also find that regulatory transparency is particularly influential for respondents with relatively higher levels of social media usage. These findings highlight the dilemma that governments face when they seek to enhance policy support through transparency in the digital age.KEYWORDS: Regulatory transparencycitizen supportgovernment decisionssocial medianuclear energy AcknowledgmentsWe would like to thank anonymous reviewers for all the constructive and insightful comments.We are grafeful for helpful comments on earlier drafts of the paper from Jing Zhao, Hanzhang Liu, and Youlang Zhang. We extend our gratitude to scholars who provided feedback at conferences of AP-PPN, PMSA, and PMRC since 2018.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 For more information on worldwide nuclear energy policies, see the website of the International Atomic Energy Agency: https://www.iaea.org/news.2 See media report ‘Chinese Scramble to Buy Salt as Radiation Fears Grow’. CNN, March 18, 2011, http://edition.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/asiapcf/03/17/china.salt.scramble/index.html.3 See replies to the post ‘People in Fangchenggang oppose the construction of Bailong Nuclear Power Plant, please respect public opinion’, Hongdou Forum, May 4, 2022, https://hd3g.gxnews.com.cn/viewthread.php?t=17820210&.Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [grant number 72304100 ]; Yangfan Project of Shanghai Science and Technology Commission [grant number 23YF1410100], Chunhui Plan Cooperation and Research Project, Ministry of Education of China [grant number HZKY20220070]; The Key Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China: “Research on the reformation and innovation of national climate governance system towards carbon neutrality” [grant number 72140007].Notes on contributorsJuan DuJuan Du is an Associated Professor at School of Public Administration, East China Normal University, Shanghai, C
{"title":"Regulatory transparency and citizen support for government decisions: evidence from nuclear power acceptance in China","authors":"Juan Du, Xufeng Zhu","doi":"10.1080/1523908x.2023.2269381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1523908x.2023.2269381","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThis study examines the effect of transparency as a governance mechanism on citizen support for controversial governmental decisions to public facilities. Building on the government transparency literature, this article argues that regulatory transparency has a double-sided meaning of regulatory enforcement and rule violations. Due to the ambiguity inherent in regulatory performance information, citizens may interpret disclosed information as a reflection of prevalent rule violations and thereby reduce support for relevant public facilities. Furthermore, the negative association between regulatory transparency and citizen support is contingent on citizens’ use of social media. We test these arguments in the nuclear energy regulatory domain using original, nationally representative survey data and an independent environmental regulation transparency index in China. Findings reveal that regulatory transparency reduces citizen support for proposed nuclear power programs. We also find that regulatory transparency is particularly influential for respondents with relatively higher levels of social media usage. These findings highlight the dilemma that governments face when they seek to enhance policy support through transparency in the digital age.KEYWORDS: Regulatory transparencycitizen supportgovernment decisionssocial medianuclear energy AcknowledgmentsWe would like to thank anonymous reviewers for all the constructive and insightful comments.We are grafeful for helpful comments on earlier drafts of the paper from Jing Zhao, Hanzhang Liu, and Youlang Zhang. We extend our gratitude to scholars who provided feedback at conferences of AP-PPN, PMSA, and PMRC since 2018.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 For more information on worldwide nuclear energy policies, see the website of the International Atomic Energy Agency: https://www.iaea.org/news.2 See media report ‘Chinese Scramble to Buy Salt as Radiation Fears Grow’. CNN, March 18, 2011, http://edition.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/asiapcf/03/17/china.salt.scramble/index.html.3 See replies to the post ‘People in Fangchenggang oppose the construction of Bailong Nuclear Power Plant, please respect public opinion’, Hongdou Forum, May 4, 2022, https://hd3g.gxnews.com.cn/viewthread.php?t=17820210&.Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [grant number 72304100 ]; Yangfan Project of Shanghai Science and Technology Commission [grant number 23YF1410100], Chunhui Plan Cooperation and Research Project, Ministry of Education of China [grant number HZKY20220070]; The Key Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China: “Research on the reformation and innovation of national climate governance system towards carbon neutrality” [grant number 72140007].Notes on contributorsJuan DuJuan Du is an Associated Professor at School of Public Administration, East China Normal University, Shanghai, C","PeriodicalId":15699,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning","volume":"42 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135858735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-16DOI: 10.1080/1523908x.2023.2258524
Heli Saarikoski, Emma Luoma, Sanne Bor, Pia Polsa
We analyze a multi-stakeholder process that succeeded in creating a joint forest management strategy for the city of Jyväskylä, Finland. The analysis draws on the participants’ own account of the process, elicited via interviews and questionnaires. We attend to critical context and process factors to account for the success of the collaborative process and evaluate the effectiveness of the agreement in terms of ecological and social outcomes. The process created a practical agreement, which increased the share of protected forests and introduced new biodiversity protection measures for commercial and recreational forests. It also created innovative solutions, like the new concept of a nature value forest, which helped the parties to negotiate around their differences. However, disagreement over the impacts of forest management practices, especially continuous cover forestry, remained. The crucial contextual conditions contributing to the agreement were strong initiating leadership and political mandate, which motivated the participants to engage in collaborative dialogue and stick with the process. The key process factors were a third-party facilitation and joint fact-finding. Most importantly, the process was not constrained by a pre-defined agenda or assumptions related to the status quo, but the participants were granted considerable influence over decisions and outputs.
{"title":"What went right? A collaborative process to prepare a city forest management strategy","authors":"Heli Saarikoski, Emma Luoma, Sanne Bor, Pia Polsa","doi":"10.1080/1523908x.2023.2258524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1523908x.2023.2258524","url":null,"abstract":"We analyze a multi-stakeholder process that succeeded in creating a joint forest management strategy for the city of Jyväskylä, Finland. The analysis draws on the participants’ own account of the process, elicited via interviews and questionnaires. We attend to critical context and process factors to account for the success of the collaborative process and evaluate the effectiveness of the agreement in terms of ecological and social outcomes. The process created a practical agreement, which increased the share of protected forests and introduced new biodiversity protection measures for commercial and recreational forests. It also created innovative solutions, like the new concept of a nature value forest, which helped the parties to negotiate around their differences. However, disagreement over the impacts of forest management practices, especially continuous cover forestry, remained. The crucial contextual conditions contributing to the agreement were strong initiating leadership and political mandate, which motivated the participants to engage in collaborative dialogue and stick with the process. The key process factors were a third-party facilitation and joint fact-finding. Most importantly, the process was not constrained by a pre-defined agenda or assumptions related to the status quo, but the participants were granted considerable influence over decisions and outputs.","PeriodicalId":15699,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135308311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-15DOI: 10.1080/1523908X.2023.2244446
L. Keith, C. J. Gabbe, Erika Schmidt
ABSTRACT Heat is an increasing climate risk for cities due to climate change and the urban heat island effect. Extreme heat has inequitable impacts across social, economic, and urban environmental systems. Despite increasing awareness of heat risk, the planning and governance structures for mitigating and managing heat are less understood than those for other climate risks. We studied five large, climatically-diverse U.S. cities to better understand urban heat governance with a focus on the field of urban planning. We first conducted a plan evaluation of these cities’ comprehensive, climate action, and hazard mitigation plans (n = 14) and then interviewed urban planners, resilience professionals, hazard mitigation planners, emergency managers, and public health professionals (n = 22). We found that aspects of heat planning occur across a variety of municipal plans but only a small number of strategies were explicitly framed in terms of heat, suggesting an opportunity to better connect heat with other policy goals. Urban planners tended to play a backseat role relative to other professions, despite the field’s importance for reducing heat-related inequity. Better understanding the role of urban planning within broader governance structures can help policymakers to best engage in heat mitigation and management.
{"title":"Urban heat governance: examining the role of urban planning","authors":"L. Keith, C. J. Gabbe, Erika Schmidt","doi":"10.1080/1523908X.2023.2244446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1523908X.2023.2244446","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Heat is an increasing climate risk for cities due to climate change and the urban heat island effect. Extreme heat has inequitable impacts across social, economic, and urban environmental systems. Despite increasing awareness of heat risk, the planning and governance structures for mitigating and managing heat are less understood than those for other climate risks. We studied five large, climatically-diverse U.S. cities to better understand urban heat governance with a focus on the field of urban planning. We first conducted a plan evaluation of these cities’ comprehensive, climate action, and hazard mitigation plans (n = 14) and then interviewed urban planners, resilience professionals, hazard mitigation planners, emergency managers, and public health professionals (n = 22). We found that aspects of heat planning occur across a variety of municipal plans but only a small number of strategies were explicitly framed in terms of heat, suggesting an opportunity to better connect heat with other policy goals. Urban planners tended to play a backseat role relative to other professions, despite the field’s importance for reducing heat-related inequity. Better understanding the role of urban planning within broader governance structures can help policymakers to best engage in heat mitigation and management.","PeriodicalId":15699,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning","volume":"54 1","pages":"642 - 662"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74876404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-21DOI: 10.1080/1523908X.2023.2238638
Xabier Gainza, Andoni Montes-Nebreda
ABSTRACT Sometimes, environmentally successful policies fail, not because of personal attitudes or technical feasibility, but because of the electoral dispute. Using fixed effects, Difference-in-Difference estimators and opinion polls, this paper scrutinises the electoral cost of introducing a door-to-door (D-t-D) waste collection system in the Basque province of Gipuzkoa (Spain). D-t-D aimed to raise sorting rates in order to make the construction of an incinerator redundant. Separate collection improved significantly, but estimates show that the main opposition party increased its vote share by 12% points in the following municipal elections as a result of the policy. Seeking the reasons for the opposition’s success, opinion polls reveal that D-t-D was surrounded by controversy and lack of information that even led citizens to perceive it as environmentally less efficient. In this context, citizens were unwilling to accept the change in habits that the new waste collection system entailed if they saw their efforts diluted in the electoral dispute. The article concludes that not only the environmental performance, but also the perceived effectiveness of the policy, a climate of social trust and the provision of participation mechanisms are determinants for the electoral success of green policies.
{"title":"The Waste War: on the electoral costs of local sustainability policies","authors":"Xabier Gainza, Andoni Montes-Nebreda","doi":"10.1080/1523908X.2023.2238638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1523908X.2023.2238638","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Sometimes, environmentally successful policies fail, not because of personal attitudes or technical feasibility, but because of the electoral dispute. Using fixed effects, Difference-in-Difference estimators and opinion polls, this paper scrutinises the electoral cost of introducing a door-to-door (D-t-D) waste collection system in the Basque province of Gipuzkoa (Spain). D-t-D aimed to raise sorting rates in order to make the construction of an incinerator redundant. Separate collection improved significantly, but estimates show that the main opposition party increased its vote share by 12% points in the following municipal elections as a result of the policy. Seeking the reasons for the opposition’s success, opinion polls reveal that D-t-D was surrounded by controversy and lack of information that even led citizens to perceive it as environmentally less efficient. In this context, citizens were unwilling to accept the change in habits that the new waste collection system entailed if they saw their efforts diluted in the electoral dispute. The article concludes that not only the environmental performance, but also the perceived effectiveness of the policy, a climate of social trust and the provision of participation mechanisms are determinants for the electoral success of green policies.","PeriodicalId":15699,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning","volume":"25 1","pages":"625 - 641"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76876406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-16DOI: 10.1080/1523908X.2023.2229247
Simone T. Chapman, C. Ashcraft, L. Hamilton, R. Congalton
ABSTRACT Aquatic resources support ecosystem functions and values, such as recreation, wildlife habitat, flood storage and nutrient reduction. Previous studies have found evidence that aquatic restoration programs can lead to systemic resource relocation and inequitable outcomes. This project advances the methodology to test for such inequality, applying geospatial methods within the U.S. state of New Hampshire to compare demographic profiles around sites with permitted losses of wetland functions and values, and separately, around sites where compensatory mitigation for such losses occurred. Contrary to expectations, we did not find permit sites tend to be located in areas with lower household incomes, lower education levels, or higher minority populations as compared to non-permit sites. We did find support for hypothesized patterns of lower minority populations, higher education levels, and higher household incomes around mitigation sites as compared to non-mitigation sites. Both permit and mitigation sites tend to be in areas with lower population densities, higher education levels, and higher percentages of white populations. Three different statistical approaches obtain results that diverge in their details but support a substantive conclusion: mitigation expenditures have gone disproportionately to more privileged locations. Our findings support integrating environmental justice considerations into implementation of compensatory mitigation policy.
{"title":"Informing aquatic restoration decisions using environmental justice in New Hampshire","authors":"Simone T. Chapman, C. Ashcraft, L. Hamilton, R. Congalton","doi":"10.1080/1523908X.2023.2229247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1523908X.2023.2229247","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Aquatic resources support ecosystem functions and values, such as recreation, wildlife habitat, flood storage and nutrient reduction. Previous studies have found evidence that aquatic restoration programs can lead to systemic resource relocation and inequitable outcomes. This project advances the methodology to test for such inequality, applying geospatial methods within the U.S. state of New Hampshire to compare demographic profiles around sites with permitted losses of wetland functions and values, and separately, around sites where compensatory mitigation for such losses occurred. Contrary to expectations, we did not find permit sites tend to be located in areas with lower household incomes, lower education levels, or higher minority populations as compared to non-permit sites. We did find support for hypothesized patterns of lower minority populations, higher education levels, and higher household incomes around mitigation sites as compared to non-mitigation sites. Both permit and mitigation sites tend to be in areas with lower population densities, higher education levels, and higher percentages of white populations. Three different statistical approaches obtain results that diverge in their details but support a substantive conclusion: mitigation expenditures have gone disproportionately to more privileged locations. Our findings support integrating environmental justice considerations into implementation of compensatory mitigation policy.","PeriodicalId":15699,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning","volume":"10 1","pages":"586 - 597"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90808059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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