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Physically-based Constitutive Modeling of Dynamic Strain Aging in C45 Steel C45钢动态应变时效的物理本构建模
IF 1.2 4区 材料科学 Q3 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2023-08-04 DOI: 10.1115/1.4063118
A. Hassan, Mohammed H. Saffarini, F. Abed, G. Voyiadjis
Dynamic Strain Aging (DSA) is a sudden increase in the strength of a material under certain combinations of temperatures and strain rates. Despite the phenomenon being reported in several other studies, the literature still lacks a specific constitutive model that can physically interpret its effect. Therefore, this work proposes a modification based on physical parameters to the Voyiadjis and Abed (VA) model to account for the effect of DSA in C45 steel. The resulting modified model is then coupled with an energy-based damage model to further capture the effect of material softening. Previously, in VA model, it was assumed that the total activation energy for overcoming the obstacles without external work remains same which works well in the absence of DSA. However, during DSA, the mobile dislocations are pinned by the diffusing solute atoms. This results in an increase in the total activation free energy needed by the dislocations to overcome the obstacle. Thus, an increase in strength is observed. It is shown in the current work that utilizing the concept of increased solute concentrations at local obstacles, in conjunction with the physical description that the VA model is based upon, successfully captures the phenomenon of DSA in C45 steel. In addition, the metal experiencing softening after reaching its ultimate strength is due to the significant growth of voids and cracks within the microstructure. To capture this behavior, an energy-based damage parameter is incorporated into the proposed model. The coupled plasticity-damage model shows a good comparison with the experimental results.
动态应变老化(DSA)是材料在一定温度和应变率组合下强度的突然增加。尽管在其他几项研究中也报道了这一现象,但文献中仍然缺乏一个具体的本构模型,可以从物理上解释其影响。因此,本工作提出了基于物理参数的Voyiadjis和Abed (VA)模型的修改,以考虑DSA对C45钢的影响。然后将得到的修正模型与基于能量的损伤模型相结合,以进一步捕获材料软化的影响。以前,在VA模型中,假设在没有外部功的情况下,克服障碍的总活化能不变,在没有DSA的情况下效果很好。然而,在DSA过程中,移动位错被扩散的溶质原子所固定。这导致位错克服障碍所需的总激活自由能增加。因此,可以观察到强度的增加。目前的研究表明,利用局部障碍处溶质浓度增加的概念,结合VA模型所基于的物理描述,成功地捕获了C45钢中的DSA现象。此外,金属在达到极限强度后出现软化是由于微观结构中空洞和裂纹的显著增长。为了捕捉这种行为,在模型中加入了基于能量的损伤参数。所建立的塑性-损伤耦合模型与试验结果吻合较好。
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引用次数: 0
The Role of Fracture Patterns on Crack-Based Strain Sensors 断裂模式在裂纹应变传感器中的作用
IF 1.2 4区 材料科学 Q3 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2023-08-04 DOI: 10.1115/1.4063119
Huan Zhao, Xiangbei Liu, Yan Li
Crack-based strain sensors (CBS), which are inspired by a spider's slit organ, can provide highly sensitive measurement with great flexibility. Fracture pattern design holds the key to meeting different sensing needs. In this paper, a computational model is developed to understand the role of fracture patterns on sensitivity and sensing range of CBS that consist of a platinum (Pt) conductive layer and a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate layer. Through the coupled mechanical-electrical finite element analysis, we found that a single Mode-I through crack can yield better sensing performance than a non-through crack in other orientations or a few discrete non-through cracks in the same orientation. Creating multiple Mode-I through cracks has negligible effect on sensitivity. However, increasing the number of cracks can lead to higher sensing range. When the same number of cracks are employed, even crack spacing can yield the highest sensing range. Sensitivity can be effectively improved by increasing the crack depth. Conclusions from the computational analysis can provide useful feedback for design and manufacturing of CBS in different applications.
基于裂纹的应变传感器(CBS)受到蜘蛛狭缝器官的启发,可以提供高灵敏度的测量,并具有很大的灵活性。裂缝模式设计是满足不同传感需求的关键。本文建立了一个计算模型,以了解断裂模式对由铂(Pt)导电层和聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)基底层组成的CBS的灵敏度和传感范围的影响。通过机电耦合有限元分析,我们发现单个I型贯通裂纹比其他方向的非贯通裂纹或同一方向的几个离散非贯通裂纹具有更好的传感性能。产生多个I型贯穿裂纹对灵敏度的影响可以忽略不计。然而,增加裂纹的数量可以导致更高的传感范围。当使用相同数量的裂纹时,即使裂纹间距也可以产生最高的传感范围。增加裂纹深度可以有效地提高灵敏度。计算分析的结论可以为CBS在不同应用中的设计和制造提供有用的反馈。
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引用次数: 0
Ply-Blocking Phenomenon and Hole Size Effects in Modeling Progressive Damage in FRP Laminates FRP层压板渐进损伤模型中的层粘连现象和孔径效应
IF 1.2 4区 材料科学 Q3 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1115/1.4063075
Vishwas Divse, S. Joshi, D. Marla
This work presents a 3D progressive damage model based on Puck's failure theory and linear damage evolution in FRP laminates. It includes shear non-linearity, in-situ strengths, equivalent stress-strain, and mixed-mode fracture energy and implemented in Abaqus/explicit through VUMAT subroutine. Various test cases were performed to validate the model and demonstrate its applications. The shear non-linearity test shows that transverse compression retards matrix micro-cracking while transverse tension accelerates it. The open hole tension (OHT) test of laminates shows that delamination initiates around the holes and free edges, spreads the most, and propagates in different directions at different interfaces. Later, inter-fiber damage in 45' or -45' plies initiates and spreads at a slight inclination to the tip of the hole. Lastly, fiber damage in 0' plies initiates at the tip of the hole, spreads the least, and propagates perpendicular to the loading direction. The ply-blocked laminates show around 30% higher strength and fracture strain than non-ply-blocked laminate due to delay in damage propagation, and are less sensitive to hole size. Accordingly, their OHT strength reduces by 14.3% as opposed to 21.14% in the non-ply-blocked laminates, when the hole size increases from 6 to 9 mm. The damage location, magnitude and propagation modes were corroborated with experimental findings in literature.
本文基于Puck失效理论和FRP层压板的线性损伤演化,提出了一个三维渐进损伤模型。它包括剪切非线性、原位强度、等效应力-应变和混合模式断裂能,并通过VUMAT子程序在Abaqus/显式中实现。进行了各种测试案例来验证模型并演示其应用。剪切非线性试验表明,横向压缩延缓了基体的微裂纹,而横向拉伸加速了基体的微观裂纹。层压板的开孔拉伸试验表明,分层起始于孔洞和自由边缘,扩散最大,并在不同界面向不同方向传播。随后,45’或-45’层中的纤维间损伤开始并以轻微的倾斜向孔的尖端扩展。最后,0’层中的纤维损伤从孔的尖端开始,扩散最小,并垂直于载荷方向传播。由于损伤传播的延迟,层合板显示出比非层合板高约30%的强度和断裂应变,并且对孔尺寸不太敏感。因此,当孔尺寸从6mm增加到9mm时,其OHT强度降低了14.3%,而非层合板的OHT强度为21.14%。文献中的实验结果证实了损伤位置、程度和传播模式。
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引用次数: 0
The Effect of Treatment of Powder Precursor on the Properties of Compacted Mg-4Y-3Re Alloy 粉末前驱体处理对压实Mg-4Y-3Re合金性能的影响
IF 1.2 4区 材料科学 Q3 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2023-07-28 DOI: 10.1115/1.4063059
D. Dvorsky, J. Kubásek, D. Nečas, M. Čavojský, J. Drahokoupil, D. Vojtech
Powder metallurgy products display superior performance compared to traditionally cast ingots. The final properties of these products can be altered through various methods, such as pre-treatment of the powder. This study focuses on different pre-treatment techniques, including milling, chemical treatment, and heat treatment, as well as their combinations. The results show that distinct microstructures were produced, and their impact on mechanical and corrosion properties was evaluated. The results indicate that milling and chemical treatment increase the yield strength of the material by up to 34 MPa, but decrease the elongation by up to 5%. On the other hand, heat treatment increases the elongation by up to 7% but decreases the yield strength by up to 36 MPa. Corrosion resistance is improved especially by chemical and heat treatment of powders, where the corrosion rate was observed to decrease by up to 50% in comparison to the value of product from atomized powder. Additionally, all types of powder pre-treatment were found to improve the corrosion resistance of the final product. This provides an opportunity to tailor the mechanical and corrosion properties of these materials to meet specific applications.
与传统铸锭相比,粉末冶金产品表现出优异的性能。这些产品的最终性能可以通过各种方法改变,例如粉末的预处理。本研究的重点是不同的预处理技术,包括研磨、化学处理和热处理,以及它们的组合。结果表明,产生了不同的微观结构,并评估了它们对机械性能和腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明,球磨和化学处理使材料的屈服强度提高了34MPa,但伸长率降低了5%。另一方面,热处理使伸长率提高了7%,但使屈服强度降低了36MPa。耐腐蚀性得到改善,尤其是通过对粉末进行化学和热处理,观察到与雾化粉末的产品值相比,腐蚀率降低了50%。此外,发现所有类型的粉末预处理都能提高最终产品的耐腐蚀性。这为定制这些材料的机械和腐蚀性能以满足特定应用提供了机会。
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引用次数: 0
Implementation of Fracture and Flow Stress Models for AA5052-H32 Sheet Deformed through Shock Tube Based Forming Technique 基于激波管成形技术的AA5052-H32板材断裂和流动应力模型的实现
IF 1.2 4区 材料科学 Q3 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2023-07-28 DOI: 10.1115/1.4063060
S. K. Barik, Ganesh R Narayanan, N. Sahoo
Selection of flow stress models and fracture models to model sheet deformation at high strain rates is of great concern. The same is attempted in the present work during shock tube impact forming of 1 mm thick AA 5052-H32 sheet using a rigid nylon striker. Lab scale experiments and finite element simulations using DEFORM 3D are conducted for the purpose. Johnson-Cook flow stress model and Modified Johnson-Cook flow stress model along with fracture models like normalized Cockcroft and Latham model, Rice and Tracey model, Oyane model and McClintock model are tested for their accuracy and consistency. The fracture strain and fracture pattern evaluation suggest that the modified Johnson-Cook flow stress model and Rice and Tracey fracture model are suitable for fracture prediction, and it is better to use these together for fracture evaluation. An alternate method of evaluating rate-dependent tensile properties of sheet at higher strain rates is proposed and delivered acceptable fracture prediction results. Finite element simulations using Hollomon power law predict strain rate of 1925 /s at a striker velocity of 49.79 m/s, which is in the range of values in literature for explosive forming. Systematic shock tube forming experiments for calibrating the fracture models are acceptable.
选择流动应力模型和断裂模型来模拟高应变速率下的薄板变形是非常值得关注的。在本工作中,在使用刚性尼龙撞击器对1mm厚的AA 5052-H32片材进行冲击管冲击成形的过程中也尝试了同样的方法。为此,使用DEFORM 3D进行了实验室规模的实验和有限元模拟。测试了Johnson-Cook流动应力模型和改进的Johnson-库克流动应力模式,以及归一化Cockcroft和Latham模型、Rice和Tracey模型、Oyane模型和McClintock模型等裂缝模型的准确性和一致性。裂缝应变和裂缝形态评价表明,改进的Johnson-Cook流动应力模型和Rice and Tracey裂缝模型适用于裂缝预测,最好将它们结合起来进行裂缝评价。提出了一种评估片材在较高应变速率下与速率相关的拉伸性能的替代方法,并给出了可接受的断裂预测结果。使用霍洛蒙幂律的有限元模拟预测了在49.79m/s的冲击速度下1925/s的应变速率,这在爆炸成形文献中的数值范围内。用于校准断裂模型的系统冲击管成形实验是可接受的。
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引用次数: 0
Fatigue Strength Evaluation of Cu–Ni–Si Alloy Strips Cu-Ni-Si合金带材疲劳强度评价
IF 1.2 4区 材料科学 Q3 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2023-07-04 DOI: 10.1115/1.4062714
Natsuhiro Mita, M. Omiya, Shingo Watanabe, Norio Ishizaka
This study investigates the mean stress effect on the fatigue strength and the mean stress effect criterion that best represents this effect in Cu–Ni–Si alloy strips using a new test method. Since the cyclic bending fatigue test based on the fatigue test standard for Japan Copper and Brass Association for understanding the fatigue characteristics of Cu–Ni–Si alloy strips needs many test times, a new test method to conduct effectively was examined and developed, and after confirming its validity, the mean stress effect criterion was identified using this method. The effect of surface electroplating on fatigue properties was also investigated. As a result, it was confirmed that the mean stress effect criterion on the fatigue strength of Cu–Si–Ni alloy strips was represented well by the elliptic line. The effect of surface electrolytic plating on fatigue properties was found to be strongly influenced by surface roughness rather than Young’s modulus or hardness of the constituent plating.
本研究采用一种新的试验方法,研究了平均应力对疲劳强度的影响,以及最能代表Cu–Ni–Si合金带疲劳强度影响的平均应力效应标准。由于基于日本铜黄铜协会疲劳试验标准的循环弯曲疲劳试验需要多次试验才能了解Cu–Ni–Si合金带的疲劳特性,因此研究开发了一种新的有效试验方法,并在确认其有效性后,使用该方法确定了平均应力效应准则。研究了表面电镀对疲劳性能的影响。结果表明,Cu–Si–Ni合金带材疲劳强度的平均应力效应准则用椭圆线很好地表示。表面电解镀层对疲劳性能的影响很大程度上受到表面粗糙度的影响,而不是成分镀层的杨氏模量或硬度。
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引用次数: 0
Elastic Field Evolution in Al-X (X=Sc,Zr,Er) Alloy During Heat Treatment, Insights from 3D- Multi Phase Field Study Al-X(X=Sc,Zr,Er)合金热处理过程中的弹性场演化——三维多相场研究的启示
IF 1.2 4区 材料科学 Q3 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.1115/1.4062874
S. Dhanish, Sundar Daniel
Microstructural evolution and resulting stress, strain, and concentration field distribution during Al3X (X=Sc, Zr, Er) precipitation in Al matrix are investigated in this work using the 3D-multi phase-field method. Depending on the heat treatment, modulus mismatch, lattice parameter mismatch, and interfacial free energy, precipitate developed to rhombicuboctahedron, and near cuboidal morphologies. The composition distribution and AlAl3X transformation driving force map identified a difference in precipitation kinetics for each alloy. The precipitation mechanism in the three systems is analysed in detail with temporal evolution plots of energy components during phase transformation. Al3Er precipitate exhibits the highest growth rate due to Er's high diffusivity and significant lattice parameter mismatch in the Al-Er system. The system has a high chemical and elastic driving force for particle growth, thus attaining quasi-static equilibrium at a relatively lower temperature and time. Therefore, this system observes high magnitude stress, strain, and strain energy field around the Al matrix. The theoretical simulation results obtained from the present study will benefit Aluminium multicomponent alloy design for high strength applications.
本文采用三维多相场方法研究了Al3X(X=Sc,Zr,Er)在Al基体中沉淀过程中的微观结构演变及其产生的应力、应变和浓度场分布。根据热处理、模量失配、晶格参数失配和界面自由能的不同,沉淀物发展为菱形亚八面体和近立方体形态。成分分布和AlAl3X转变驱动力图确定了每种合金沉淀动力学的差异。利用相变过程中能量成分的时间演化图,详细分析了这三个系统的降水机制。Al3Er沉淀物由于Er's的高扩散率和显著的晶格参数失配。该系统对颗粒生长具有高的化学和弹性驱动力,从而在相对较低的温度和时间下实现准静态平衡。因此,该系统观察到Al基体周围的高强度应力、应变和应变能场。从本研究中获得的理论模拟结果将有助于铝多组分合金在高强度应用中的设计。
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引用次数: 0
On the Electromechanical Instability of Polar Elastomers 极性弹性体的机电不稳定性
IF 1.2 4区 材料科学 Q3 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.1115/1.4062873
Yanhui Jiang, H. Nayeb-Hashemi, Yan Su
Based on a continuum theory that accounts for the underlying molecular physics of polar elastomers (PEs), a typical boundary value problem (BVP) is developed to analyze the electro-mechanical instability (EMI) of PEs with randomly distributed dielectric particles. Through extensive numerical simulations, the effects of various parameters such as particle volume fraction, particle size and enhancement factor related to polar groups on the critical voltage leading to EMI of PEs are investigated. The results are presented in 3D phase diagrams, which may better help researchers to understand EMI of PEs and guide them in synthesis, design, and application of PEs in the fields of chemistry, physics, bio-engineering, etc.
基于考虑极性弹性体(PE)潜在分子物理的连续体理论,提出了一个典型的边值问题(BVP)来分析具有随机分布电介质颗粒的PE的机电不稳定性(EMI)。通过大量的数值模拟,研究了颗粒体积分数、颗粒尺寸和与极性基团相关的增强因子等各种参数对导致PE EMI的临界电压的影响。结果以三维相图的形式呈现,这可能有助于研究人员更好地理解PE的EMI,并指导他们在化学、物理、生物工程等领域合成、设计和应用PE。
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引用次数: 0
Study on the Bending Behaviors of a Novel Flexible Re-entrant Honeycomb 一种新型柔性凹入式蜂窝的弯曲性能研究
IF 1.2 4区 材料科学 Q3 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2023-05-25 DOI: 10.1115/1.4062620
Yang Zhou, Yi Pan, Lin Chen, Qiang Gao, Beibei Sun
In order to further improve the bending performance of the traditional re-entrant (RE) honeycomb, a novel auxetic honeycomb architecture, called RE-L honeycomb, was proposed by adding an additional link-wall structure to the RE cell. The bending behaviors of the novel RE-L honeycomb, including the properties under linear elastic deformation and the bending behaviors under large deformation, were comprehensively investigated by the analytical, numerical and experimental models. Results show that the proposed RE-L honeycomb significantly improves the bending compliance in the x-direction due to the highly flexible performance of the additional structure, where the bending rigidity and the maximum bending force are only 23% and 29.4% of those of the RE honeycomb, respectively. Besides, the additional structure obviously improves the designability and orthotropic property of the original auxetic honeycomb. In conclusion, the proposed RE-L shows improved bending performance, which deserves more attention in future research and related applications.
为了进一步提高传统凹入式(re)蜂窝的弯曲性能,通过在re蜂窝中添加额外的连接壁结构,提出了一种新型的膨胀蜂窝结构,称为re-L蜂窝。通过分析、数值和实验模型,全面研究了新型RE-L蜂窝的弯曲行为,包括线弹性变形下的性能和大变形下的弯曲行为。结果表明,由于附加结构的高度柔性性能,所提出的RE-L蜂窝显著提高了x方向的弯曲柔度,其中弯曲刚度和最大弯曲力分别仅为RE蜂窝的23%和29.4%。此外,该附加结构明显提高了原胀形蜂窝的可设计性和正交异性。总之,所提出的RE-L显示出改进的弯曲性能,这在未来的研究和相关应用中值得更多关注。
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引用次数: 0
The Fiftieth Anniversary of the Founding of the ASME Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 《ASME工程材料与技术杂志》创刊五十周年
IF 1.2 4区 材料科学 Q3 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2023-05-09 DOI: 10.1115/1.4062506
M. Zikry
{"title":"The Fiftieth Anniversary of the Founding of the ASME Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology","authors":"M. Zikry","doi":"10.1115/1.4062506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4062506","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15700,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology-transactions of The Asme","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46526666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
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