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Skilled active liquidity management: Evidence from shocks to fund flows 熟练的主动流动性管理:来自资金流动冲击的证据
IF 2.1 2区 经济学 Q2 BUSINESS, FINANCE Pub Date : 2025-02-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.jempfin.2025.101579
Aleksandra Rzeźnik
I examine the active liquidity management of U.S. equity mutual funds facing unexpected, persistent investor withdrawals by exploiting two independent shocks: the 2003 mutual fund scandal and the 2016 introduction of Morningstar Sustainability Ratings. I document that fund managers increase portfolio liquidity by adjusting both equity and cash holdings when subject to sudden, moderate, and prolonged outflows. Among affected funds, those that more aggressively increase portfolio liquidity significantly outperform their less liquidity-focused peers, suggesting that skilled managers employ active liquidity management to minimize costs imposed by redemption obligations.
我利用两个独立的冲击:2003年的共同基金丑闻和2016年晨星可持续性评级的引入,研究了面临意想不到的、持续的投资者撤资的美国股票共同基金的主动流动性管理。我证明,基金经理通过调整股票和现金持有量来增加投资组合的流动性,以应对突然、适度和长期的资金流出。在受影响的基金中,那些更积极地增加投资组合流动性的基金的表现明显优于那些不太关注流动性的基金,这表明熟练的基金经理采用积极的流动性管理来最大限度地降低赎回义务带来的成本。
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引用次数: 0
Tail risk dynamics of banks with score-driven extreme value models 基于分数驱动极值模型的银行尾部风险动态
IF 2.1 2区 经济学 Q2 BUSINESS, FINANCE Pub Date : 2025-02-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.jempfin.2025.101593
Fernanda Fuentes , Rodrigo Herrera , Adam Clements
This paper proposes a new class of marked point process models to capture the clustering behavior in extreme financial events. The idea of multiple dynamic parameters embedded in the context of score driven models is utilized to estimate a dynamic extreme value approach, labeled as the Orthogonal Score-Driven Peaks Over Threshold model. A Monte-Carlo study is conducted to study different time-varying parameter specifications. The results show that this approach can capture a range of different dynamics for the parameters. In an empirical application, we study the dynamics of the tail distribution over time, and in particular on VaR and ES forecasts, for the constituents of the S&P Banks Index. Finally, we study the behavior of extremely adverse returns in the financial system by means of a decomposition of the tail-β risk measure, giving a deeper understanding of both the dynamics of the risk of an individual bank, and the systemic linkages associated with the stability of the global financial system.
本文提出了一类新的标记点过程模型来捕捉极端金融事件中的聚类行为。利用在分数驱动模型中嵌入多个动态参数的思想来估计动态极值方法,称为正交分数驱动峰值超过阈值模型。采用蒙特卡罗方法对不同时变参数规范进行了研究。结果表明,该方法可以捕捉到一系列不同的动力学参数。在实证应用中,我们研究了尾分布随时间的动态变化,特别是对标准普尔银行指数成分股的VaR和ES预测。最后,我们通过分解尾部β风险度量来研究金融体系中极端不利收益的行为,从而更深入地了解单个银行的风险动态,以及与全球金融体系稳定性相关的系统联系。
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引用次数: 0
Identifying the underlying components of high-frequency data: Pure vs jump diffusion processes 识别高频数据的潜在成分:纯扩散与跳跃扩散过程
IF 2.1 2区 经济学 Q2 BUSINESS, FINANCE Pub Date : 2025-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.jempfin.2025.101594
Rodrigo Hizmeri , Marwan Izzeldin , Giovanni Urga
In this paper, we examine the finite sample properties of test statistics designed to identify distinct underlying components of high-frequency financial data, specifically the Brownian component and infinite vs. finite activity jumps. We conduct a comprehensive set of Monte Carlo simulations to evaluate the tests under various types of microstructure noise, price staleness, and different levels of jump activity. We apply these tests to a dataset comprising 100 individual S&P 500 constituents from diverse business sectors and the SPY (S&P 500 ETF) to empirically assess the relative magnitude of these components. Our findings strongly support the presence of both Brownian and jump components. Furthermore, we investigate the time-varying nature of rejection rates and we find that periods with more jumps days are usually associated with an increase in infinite jumps and a decrease in finite jumps. This suggests a dynamic interplay between jump components over time.
在本文中,我们研究了测试统计的有限样本属性,旨在识别高频金融数据的不同潜在成分,特别是布朗成分和无限与有限的活动跳跃。我们进行了一套全面的蒙特卡罗模拟,以评估各种类型的微观结构噪音,价格过时和不同水平的跳跃活动下的测试。我们将这些测试应用于一个数据集,该数据集包括来自不同业务部门的100个标准普尔500指数成分股和SPY(标准普尔500指数ETF),以经验性地评估这些组成部分的相对大小。我们的发现有力地支持了布朗分量和跳跃分量的存在。此外,我们研究了拒绝率的时变性质,发现跳跃天数较多的周期通常与无限跳跃的增加和有限跳跃的减少有关。这表明跳跃组件之间随时间的动态相互作用。
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引用次数: 0
CDS and credit: The effect of the bangs on credit insurance, lending and hedging CDS与信贷:对信贷保险、贷款和对冲的冲击
IF 2.1 2区 经济学 Q2 BUSINESS, FINANCE Pub Date : 2025-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.jempfin.2025.101583
Yalin Gündüz , Steven Ongena , Günseli Tümer-Alkan , Yuejuan Yu
We assess the differential impacts of “Big Bang” and “Small Bang” contracts and convention changes on market participants across CDS markets and couple comprehensive bank-firm-level CDS trading data from the DTCC to the German credit register containing bi-lateral bank-firm credit exposures. We find that after the Bangs, the cost of buying CDS contracts becomes lower for non-dealer banks and that, because of this decrease in insurance costs, these banks extend relatively more credit to CDS-traded and affected firms compared to dealers, and hedge more effectively. Hence, standardization lowers the cost of credit insurance and leads to a relative increase in credit extensions by non-dealer banks.
我们评估了“大爆炸”和“小爆炸”合约以及惯例变化对CDS市场参与者的不同影响,并将DTCC的综合银行-公司级CDS交易数据与包含双边银行-公司信用敞口的德国信用登记册相结合。我们发现,在爆炸之后,购买CDS合约的成本对于非交易商银行来说变得更低,而且,由于保险成本的下降,这些银行相对于交易商而言,向CDS交易和受影响的公司提供了更多的信贷,并更有效地进行了对冲。因此,标准化降低了信用保险的成本,并导致非贸易商银行信贷扩张的相对增加。
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引用次数: 0
Forecasting multivariate volatilities with exogenous predictors: An application to industry diversification strategies 用外生预测因子预测多元波动:在产业多元化策略中的应用
IF 2.1 2区 经济学 Q2 BUSINESS, FINANCE Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jempfin.2025.101595
Jiawen Luo , Oguzhan Cepni , Riza Demirer , Rangan Gupta
We propose a procedure to forecast the realized covariance matrix for a given set of assets within a multivariate heterogeneous autoregressive (MHAR) framework. Utilizing high-frequency data for the U.S. aggregate and industry indexes and a large set of exogenous predictors that include financial, macroeconomic, sentiment, and climate-based factors, we evaluate the out-of-sample performance of industry portfolios constructed from forecasted realized covariance matrices across various univariate and multivariate forecasting models. Our findings show that LASSO-based multivariate HAR models employing predictors that capture climate uncertainty generally yield more consistent evidence regarding the accuracy of the realized covariance forecasts, providing further support for the growing evidence that climate related factors significantly drive return and volatility dynamics in financial markets. While international summits and global warming stand out as the dominant climate predictors for realized volatility forecasts, both climate and macroeconomic predictors prove equally important for longer term correlation forecasts. In these forecasts, the U.S. EPU index and natural disasters, along with U.S. climate policy uncertainty, play dominant predictive roles. Our results suggest that the MHAR framework, coupled with DRD decomposition that splits the covariance matrix into a diagonal matrix of realized variances and realized correlations, can be utilized in a high-frequency setting to implement diversification and smart beta strategies for various investment horizons.
我们提出了一种在多元异构自回归(MHAR)框架中预测一组给定资产的已实现协方差矩阵的过程。利用美国综合指数和行业指数的高频数据以及包括金融、宏观经济、情绪和气候因素在内的大量外生预测因子,我们评估了跨各种单变量和多变量预测模型的预测实现协方差矩阵构建的行业投资组合的样本外表现。我们的研究结果表明,基于lasso的多元HAR模型采用捕捉气候不确定性的预测因子,通常在实现协方差预测的准确性方面产生更一致的证据,为气候相关因素显著驱动金融市场收益和波动动态的证据提供了进一步的支持。虽然国际峰会和全球变暖是实现波动率预测的主要气候预测因子,但气候和宏观经济预测因子对长期相关性预测同样重要。在这些预测中,美国EPU指数和自然灾害以及美国气候政策的不确定性发挥了主要的预测作用。我们的研究结果表明,MHAR框架与DRD分解(将协方差矩阵分解为已实现方差和已实现相关性的对角矩阵)相结合,可以在高频环境中用于实现不同投资范围的多元化和智能贝塔策略。
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引用次数: 0
Unveiling the villain: Credit supply and the debt trap 揭露恶棍:信贷供应和债务陷阱
IF 2.1 2区 经济学 Q2 BUSINESS, FINANCE Pub Date : 2025-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.jempfin.2025.101592
Shun Fu , Emma Li , Li Liao , Zhengwei Wang , Hongyu Xiang
Based on unique data containing the loan history and online consumption information of cash loan borrowers, we apply an exogenous credit supply shock to these borrowers and show that increased credit increases individuals' delinquency rates and reliance on cash loans. Higher credit supply increases the likelihood of a loan being overdue over 60 days by 5.7% and decreases platform exit by 33%. This effect on delinquency is significantly less prominent among individuals with greater financial literacy. Second, we demonstrate that credit expansion is positively associated with an increase in subsequent borrower consumption, particularly addictive consumption.
基于包含现金贷款借款人的贷款历史和在线消费信息的独特数据,我们对这些借款人施加了外生信贷供应冲击,并表明信贷增加会增加个人的拖欠率和对现金贷款的依赖。较高的信贷供应使贷款逾期超过60天的可能性增加5.7%,平台退出率降低33%。这种对犯罪的影响在金融知识水平较高的个人中明显不那么突出。其次,我们证明信贷扩张与随后借款人消费(尤其是成瘾性消费)的增加呈正相关。
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引用次数: 0
Smart beta, “smarter” flows Smart beta,“更聪明”的流动
IF 2.1 2区 经济学 Q2 BUSINESS, FINANCE Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.jempfin.2025.101580
Jie Cao , Jason C. Hsu , Linjia Song , Zhanbing Xiao , Xintong Zhan
We document that when smart beta ETFs are more actively traded, mutual fund flow sensitivity to multi-factor alphas increases significantly. This evidence is consistent with a friction hypothesis that active smart beta ETF trading reduces the costs of investing in non-market risk factors (e.g., SMB and HML). Consequently, when this friction is diminished, investors reward mutual fund managers more for multi-factor alphas. We show that the results are driven by sophisticated investors, ruling out behavioral explanations. The results are concentrated among mutual funds with high exposures to non-market risk factors. We further find that the gap between CAPM alpha and multi-factor alphas in explaining flows reduces when smart beta ETFs are actively traded.
我们证明,当智能贝塔etf交易更活跃时,共同基金对多因素阿尔法的流量敏感性显着增加。这一证据与一个摩擦假设是一致的,即积极的智能beta ETF交易降低了非市场风险因素(例如SMB和HML)的投资成本。因此,当这种摩擦减少时,投资者会更多地奖励共同基金经理的多因素阿尔法。我们表明,结果是由老练的投资者驱动的,排除了行为解释。结果主要集中在对非市场风险因素有较高敞口的共同基金中。我们进一步发现,当智能贝塔etf被积极交易时,CAPM α和多因素α之间解释流量的差距减小。
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引用次数: 0
Short-term institutional investors and the diffusion of supply chain information 短期机构投资者与供应链信息扩散
IF 2.1 2区 经济学 Q2 BUSINESS, FINANCE Pub Date : 2025-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.jempfin.2025.101581
Rui Duan , Yelena Larkin
What informational advantage do short-term investors have? This paper demonstrates that short-term investors can benefit from the ability to process public, but slowly diffusing, supply chain information ahead of other market participants. In support of this argument, we find that short-term investors establish larger long and short positions in firms with high customer concentration. In addition, an increase in short-term institutional ownership is associated with higher stock returns in firms with high customer concentration, supporting the informational advantage hypothesis. Finally, the relationship between customer concentration and short-term institutional ownership strengthens in high information asymmetry environment. In contrast, we do not find preference towards high customer concentration firms among long-term institutions, who are less positioned to exploit short-lived informational benefits.
短期投资者有什么信息优势?本文表明,短期投资者可以从处理公开但缓慢扩散的供应链信息的能力中受益于其他市场参与者。为了支持这一论点,我们发现短期投资者在客户集中度高的公司中建立了更大的多头和空头头寸。此外,在客户集中度高的公司中,短期机构所有权的增加与更高的股票回报有关,这支持了信息优势假说。最后,在高度信息不对称的环境下,客户集中度与短期机构所有权之间的关系增强。相比之下,我们没有发现长期机构对客户集中度高的公司的偏好,这些公司不太可能利用短期信息利益。
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引用次数: 0
Social connectedness and cross-border mergers and acquisitions 社会联系和跨国并购
IF 2.1 2区 经济学 Q2 BUSINESS, FINANCE Pub Date : 2025-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jempfin.2025.101582
Zhonghao Jiang , Yukun Shi , Lu Xing
We investigate the role of social connectedness in cross-border mergers and acquisitions (M&As) using the Facebook social connectedness index. We show that stronger social connectedness between countries leads to higher announcement returns for acquirers in cross-border M&As. This effect is attributed to improved information dissemination, which reduces target premiums, increases deal completion likelihood, and supports acquirers to achieve long-term success. Furthermore, social connectedness increases the frequency and dollar value of cross-border M&As between countries. This relation is weaker for countries in the same customs union, but stronger in the presence of greater political disagreement or significant time zone differences. Extending our analysis to domestic M&As in the U.S., we find that social connectedness between the headquarters’ cities of acquirers and targets improves acquirers’ announcement returns.
我们使用Facebook社交连通性指数来研究社交连通性在跨境并购中的作用。我们的研究表明,国家之间更强的社会联系导致收购方在跨境并购中获得更高的公告回报。这种效应归因于信息传播的改善,这降低了目标溢价,增加了交易完成的可能性,并支持收购方取得长期成功。此外,社会联系增加了国家间跨境并购的频率和美元价值。这种关系在同一关税同盟的国家中较弱,但在存在较大政治分歧或重大时区差异的情况下更强。将我们的分析扩展到美国国内的并购,我们发现收购方和被收购方的总部城市之间的社会联系提高了收购方的公告回报。
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引用次数: 0
Forecasting realized betas using predictors indicating structural breaks and asymmetric risk effects 预测使用表明结构性断裂和不对称风险效应的预测因子来实现贝塔
IF 2.1 2区 经济学 Q2 BUSINESS, FINANCE Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jempfin.2024.101575
Jiawen Luo , Zhenbiao Chen , Mingmian Cheng
This paper studies the importance of structural breaks and asymmetric risk effects for accurate forecasts of the realized beta. Specifically, structural breaks in the realized beta are detected by Iterated Cumulative Sum of Square (ICSS) algorithm and asymmetric risk effects are captured by decomposing the realized beta further into various components following Ang et al. (2006) and Bollerslev et al. (2021). We propose a set of Heterogeneous Autoregressive (HAR) model variants by incorporating these new predictors. To achieve model parsimony and to keep only the predictors with significant power, we employ Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) method for variable selection. Our proposed LASSOHAR model with estimators of structural breaks and asymmetric risk effects is found to yield more accurate out-of-sample beta forecasts than a variety of alternative models in terms of both statistical and economic criteria. In particular, our model successfully achieves the long-memory feature of realized betas in a tractable and parsimonious way. These empirical findings are robust across different data sampling frequencies, different estimation windows, different sub-samples, different quantiles of the beta distribution and different industrial sectors.
本文研究了结构断裂和不对称风险效应对准确预测已实现贝塔的重要性。具体而言,通过迭代累积平方和(ICSS)算法检测已实现贝塔的结构断裂,并根据Ang等人(2006)和Bollerslev等人(2021)将已实现贝塔进一步分解为各个分量来捕获不对称风险效应。我们提出了一组异质自回归(HAR)模型变体,结合这些新的预测因子。为了实现模型的简约性并只保留具有显著功率的预测因子,我们采用最小绝对收缩和选择算子(LASSO)方法进行变量选择。我们提出的LASSOHAR模型具有结构断裂和不对称风险效应的估计器,在统计和经济标准方面,比各种替代模型产生更准确的样本外beta预测。特别是,我们的模型以一种易于处理和简洁的方式成功地实现了已实现的beta的长记忆特征。这些实证结果在不同的数据采样频率、不同的估计窗口、不同的子样本、beta分布的不同分位数和不同的工业部门中都是稳健的。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Empirical Finance
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