Pub Date : 2022-03-09DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2022.2048614
Ivelise Dimbarre Lao Guimarães, Francielli Casanova Monteiro, Júlia Vianna da Anunciação de Pinho, Paloma de Almeida Rodrigues, Rafaela Gomes Ferrari, Carlos Adam Conte-Junior
Abstract Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), the main component of petroleum, are a concern due to their environmental persistence, long-range transport, and potential toxic effects on animal, human health, and the environment. PAHs are considered persistent compounds and can be bioaccumulated in sediments and aquatic biota. Determining PAHs in animals and environmental samples consists of three steps: extraction, clean-up or purification, and analytical determination. The matrix complexity and the diversity of environmental contaminants, such as PAHs resulted in the development of numerous analytical techniques and protocols for the extraction of these components and analysis in several samples. This systematic review article seeks to relate the extraction and preparation methods of complex samples from aquatic animals and the two main detection techniques of PAHs. For the elaboration of the research, 67 articles published between 2011 and 2021 were sought, which specifically contemplated the isolation of aquatic extracts and detection and quantification techniques of PAHs. Graphical Abstract
{"title":"Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in aquatic animals: a systematic review on analytical advances and challenges","authors":"Ivelise Dimbarre Lao Guimarães, Francielli Casanova Monteiro, Júlia Vianna da Anunciação de Pinho, Paloma de Almeida Rodrigues, Rafaela Gomes Ferrari, Carlos Adam Conte-Junior","doi":"10.1080/10934529.2022.2048614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10934529.2022.2048614","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), the main component of petroleum, are a concern due to their environmental persistence, long-range transport, and potential toxic effects on animal, human health, and the environment. PAHs are considered persistent compounds and can be bioaccumulated in sediments and aquatic biota. Determining PAHs in animals and environmental samples consists of three steps: extraction, clean-up or purification, and analytical determination. The matrix complexity and the diversity of environmental contaminants, such as PAHs resulted in the development of numerous analytical techniques and protocols for the extraction of these components and analysis in several samples. This systematic review article seeks to relate the extraction and preparation methods of complex samples from aquatic animals and the two main detection techniques of PAHs. For the elaboration of the research, 67 articles published between 2011 and 2021 were sought, which specifically contemplated the isolation of aquatic extracts and detection and quantification techniques of PAHs. Graphical Abstract","PeriodicalId":15733,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A","volume":"41 6 1","pages":"198 - 217"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88169783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-03DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2022.2047560
T. Kawakami, T. Obama, Shinobu Sakai, Mihono Takagi, Natsuko Takahashi, N. Oshima, Maiko Tahara, Y. Ikarashi
Abstract Since the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic began, people have been wearing face masks for many hours every day. As these face masks are in contact with the skin, it is important to pay more attention to their quality and safety. This study examined the concentration of free formaldehyde in 90 non-medical face masks and related products (33 nonwoven, 30 woven cloth, 12 polyurethane, and 15 related products) because formaldehyde is a common contact allergen in textile products. For products consisting of mixed materials, each material was sampled, resulting in 103 samples for analysis. Free formaldehyde (34–239 μg/g) was found in three cloth masks, which consisted of cotton and polyester, with antibacterial and antiviral labeling. It was confirmed that the detected formaldehyde originated from the mask-finishing treatment by a hydrochloric acid extraction discrimination test. These masks may elicit contact dermatitis if the consumers have already been sensitized to formaldehyde. However, the risk of contact dermatitis caused by formaldehyde in masks may be considered low since the frequency of formaldehyde detection in masks in Japan is low.
{"title":"Free formaldehyde in non-medical face masks purchased from the Japanese market since the COVID-19 outbreak","authors":"T. Kawakami, T. Obama, Shinobu Sakai, Mihono Takagi, Natsuko Takahashi, N. Oshima, Maiko Tahara, Y. Ikarashi","doi":"10.1080/10934529.2022.2047560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10934529.2022.2047560","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Since the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic began, people have been wearing face masks for many hours every day. As these face masks are in contact with the skin, it is important to pay more attention to their quality and safety. This study examined the concentration of free formaldehyde in 90 non-medical face masks and related products (33 nonwoven, 30 woven cloth, 12 polyurethane, and 15 related products) because formaldehyde is a common contact allergen in textile products. For products consisting of mixed materials, each material was sampled, resulting in 103 samples for analysis. Free formaldehyde (34–239 μg/g) was found in three cloth masks, which consisted of cotton and polyester, with antibacterial and antiviral labeling. It was confirmed that the detected formaldehyde originated from the mask-finishing treatment by a hydrochloric acid extraction discrimination test. These masks may elicit contact dermatitis if the consumers have already been sensitized to formaldehyde. However, the risk of contact dermatitis caused by formaldehyde in masks may be considered low since the frequency of formaldehyde detection in masks in Japan is low.","PeriodicalId":15733,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A","volume":"72 1","pages":"193 - 197"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83617976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-02DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2022.2046987
İ. Teği̇n, Hülya Baytemür, Fırat Teğin, Erdal Yabalak
Abstract This study aims to apply an efficient and environmentally friendly subcritical water oxidation (SWO) method for the treatment of pistachio processing plant wastewater (PPPW). The effects of temperature (336.2–399.8 K), the concentration of H2O2 (0.08–0.92 M) and treatment time (6.4–73.6 min) on the oxidation of PPPW were investigated using the SWO method and experimental parameters were optimized using the response surface method. While the highest chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal was obtained as 53.8% in 73.6 min at 373 K using 0.5 M of H2O2, the highest obtained total phenol (TP) and color removals were 92.80%, and 99.6%, respectively, in 20 min at 373 K using 0.75 M of H2O2. R 2 values of COD, TP and color removal models were 0.9694, 0.9868 and 0.9649, respectively, and F values of the models were 35.24, 82.86 and 30.54, in the same order. In the vast majority of the experimental samples, the concentrations of nitrate, total phosphate, total nitrogen and suspended solids were found to be decreased while the nitrite concentration was increased after the SWO process. The effectiveness of SWO in water recovery from PPPW was demonstrated by the high, COD, TP and color removal values obtained. Graphical Abstract
摘要本研究旨在应用高效环保的亚临界水氧化法(SWO)处理开心果加工厂废水(PPPW)。采用SWO法考察了温度(336.2 ~ 399.8 K)、H2O2浓度(0.08 ~ 0.92 M)和处理时间(6.4 ~ 73.6 min)对PPPW氧化的影响，并利用响应面法优化了实验参数。在373 K、0.5 M H2O2条件下，73.6 min化学需氧量(COD)去除率最高，达到53.8%;在373 K、0.75 M H2O2条件下，20 min总酚(TP)去除率最高，达到92.80%，颜色去除率最高，达到99.6%。COD、TP、去色模型的r2值分别为0.9694、0.9868、0.9649,F值依次为35.24、82.86、30.54。在绝大多数实验样品中，经过SWO处理后，硝酸盐、总磷酸盐、总氮和悬浮物浓度降低，亚硝酸盐浓度升高。通过获得较高的COD、TP和去色值，证明了SWO在PPPW水回收中的有效性。图形抽象
{"title":"Water recovery from pistachio processing plant wastewater using subcritical water oxidation method","authors":"İ. Teği̇n, Hülya Baytemür, Fırat Teğin, Erdal Yabalak","doi":"10.1080/10934529.2022.2046987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10934529.2022.2046987","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study aims to apply an efficient and environmentally friendly subcritical water oxidation (SWO) method for the treatment of pistachio processing plant wastewater (PPPW). The effects of temperature (336.2–399.8 K), the concentration of H2O2 (0.08–0.92 M) and treatment time (6.4–73.6 min) on the oxidation of PPPW were investigated using the SWO method and experimental parameters were optimized using the response surface method. While the highest chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal was obtained as 53.8% in 73.6 min at 373 K using 0.5 M of H2O2, the highest obtained total phenol (TP) and color removals were 92.80%, and 99.6%, respectively, in 20 min at 373 K using 0.75 M of H2O2. R 2 values of COD, TP and color removal models were 0.9694, 0.9868 and 0.9649, respectively, and F values of the models were 35.24, 82.86 and 30.54, in the same order. In the vast majority of the experimental samples, the concentrations of nitrate, total phosphate, total nitrogen and suspended solids were found to be decreased while the nitrite concentration was increased after the SWO process. The effectiveness of SWO in water recovery from PPPW was demonstrated by the high, COD, TP and color removal values obtained. Graphical Abstract","PeriodicalId":15733,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A","volume":"64 1","pages":"183 - 192"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87767949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-02DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2022.2046428
A. Saad-Hussein, K. Soliman, G. Moubarz
Abstract Aspergillus exposure causes an increase in aflatoxin (AF) levels among exposed workers thereby increasing their risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study attempted to determine the presence of airborne aflatoxigenic fungi in environment of waste water treatment plant (WWTP); and study the hepatic cancer risks among exposed workers, emphasizing the role of glutathione S-transferases (GST) gene polymorphism protecting against the risk of hepatic cancer development due to exposure to AFs. The study isolated and identified different Aspergillus species producing AFs in air samples from WWTP sites using 18S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (18S rRNA) gene sequencing technique. GST gene polymorphisms were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). A significant increase in blood AF levels was found among WWTP exposed workers. The occurrence of GSTT1& M1 gene polymorphism in 6% of the workers was accompanied by significant decrease in the levels of AFs and alpha fetoprotein (AFP). In conclusion, Aspergillus-producing AFs were found in air of WWTP. Continuous exposure to AF-producing fungi caused elevated AF-levels in exposed workers. However only workers with heterozygous GSTT1& M1 genotypes can detoxify AFs, thereby decreasing the risk of HCC development among exposed workers.
{"title":"18S rRNA gene sequencing for environmental aflatoxigenic fungi and risk of hepatic carcinoma among exposed workers","authors":"A. Saad-Hussein, K. Soliman, G. Moubarz","doi":"10.1080/10934529.2022.2046428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10934529.2022.2046428","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Aspergillus exposure causes an increase in aflatoxin (AF) levels among exposed workers thereby increasing their risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study attempted to determine the presence of airborne aflatoxigenic fungi in environment of waste water treatment plant (WWTP); and study the hepatic cancer risks among exposed workers, emphasizing the role of glutathione S-transferases (GST) gene polymorphism protecting against the risk of hepatic cancer development due to exposure to AFs. The study isolated and identified different Aspergillus species producing AFs in air samples from WWTP sites using 18S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (18S rRNA) gene sequencing technique. GST gene polymorphisms were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). A significant increase in blood AF levels was found among WWTP exposed workers. The occurrence of GSTT1& M1 gene polymorphism in 6% of the workers was accompanied by significant decrease in the levels of AFs and alpha fetoprotein (AFP). In conclusion, Aspergillus-producing AFs were found in air of WWTP. Continuous exposure to AF-producing fungi caused elevated AF-levels in exposed workers. However only workers with heterozygous GSTT1& M1 genotypes can detoxify AFs, thereby decreasing the risk of HCC development among exposed workers.","PeriodicalId":15733,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A","volume":"20 1","pages":"174 - 182"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89382091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Spent cathode carbon (SCC) blocks of aluminum electrolytic cell were hazardous waste produced in the production of electrolytic aluminum. In this present work, a facile, rapid, and economical strategy was proposed to remove fluoride and other toxic substances in the SCC block by the flash joule heating method. SCC after flash joule heating (F-SCC) were prepared in different flash voltages and number of passes; the chemical composition, microscopic morphology and carbon configuration of the SCC and F-SCC were described in detail. The results show that the purification efficiency depends upon the flash voltages and pass number. In terms of flash voltage, 150 V (5.62 kJ/g) is the optimal voltage to maintain the micro-expansion characteristics of the cathode carbon. Multiple flash joule heating can not only maintain its high-graphitization carbon, but also improve its micro-expansion characteristics. In addition, the electrochemical performance of F-SCC was characterized, and F-SCC displayed excellence capacitance performance. The low-cost, rapid -regeneration method based on the flash joule heating provides an effective method for the clean recycling and high-value utilization of carbonized solid waste.
铝电解槽废阴极炭块是电解铝生产过程中产生的危险废弃物。在本工作中，提出了一种简便、快速、经济的方法，利用闪焦耳加热法去除SCC块中的氟化物和其他有毒物质。在不同的闪焦耳加热电压和次数下制备了闪焦耳加热后的SCC (F-SCC);详细描述了SCC和F-SCC的化学组成、微观形貌和碳构型。结果表明，净化效率与闪蒸电压和通过次数有关。在闪蒸电压方面，150 V (5.62 kJ/g)是维持阴极炭微膨胀特性的最佳电压。多次闪焦耳加热既能保持其高石墨化碳，又能改善其微膨胀特性。此外，对F-SCC的电化学性能进行了表征，发现F-SCC具有优异的电容性能。基于闪蒸焦耳加热的低成本、快速再生方法为炭化固体废弃物的清洁回收和高价值利用提供了一种有效方法。
{"title":"A milliseconds flash joule heating method for the regeneration of spent cathode carbon","authors":"Pengfei Huang, Rongtao Zhu, Xinxi Zhang, Wenjun Zhang","doi":"10.1080/10934529.2021.2022422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10934529.2021.2022422","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Spent cathode carbon (SCC) blocks of aluminum electrolytic cell were hazardous waste produced in the production of electrolytic aluminum. In this present work, a facile, rapid, and economical strategy was proposed to remove fluoride and other toxic substances in the SCC block by the flash joule heating method. SCC after flash joule heating (F-SCC) were prepared in different flash voltages and number of passes; the chemical composition, microscopic morphology and carbon configuration of the SCC and F-SCC were described in detail. The results show that the purification efficiency depends upon the flash voltages and pass number. In terms of flash voltage, 150 V (5.62 kJ/g) is the optimal voltage to maintain the micro-expansion characteristics of the cathode carbon. Multiple flash joule heating can not only maintain its high-graphitization carbon, but also improve its micro-expansion characteristics. In addition, the electrochemical performance of F-SCC was characterized, and F-SCC displayed excellence capacitance performance. The low-cost, rapid -regeneration method based on the flash joule heating provides an effective method for the clean recycling and high-value utilization of carbonized solid waste.","PeriodicalId":15733,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A","volume":"100 1","pages":"33 - 44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76173357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-23DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2019.1681219
Joseph Raymund G Sanchez, Paulo Rafael S Joson, Marienette Morales Vega
Abstract Mercury pollution is a rampant problem in many economically significant Philippine freshwater ecosystems. Communities dependent on these freshwater sources are therefore at risk for exposure to harmful levels of mercury. Various formulations of a novel gold–graphene oxide–iron oxide (Au–GO–Fe3O4) hybrid nanoparticle system were created and subjected to UV–Vis spectroscopy to determine optimal formulations that would best serve as potential substrates for Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) detection of mercury. Optimal formulations of Au–GO–Fe3O4 were also introduced into mercury-polluted environments to evaluate its ability to remove mercury from both water and biological tissues. Spectroscopic analysis revealed that Fe3O4-rich formulations of Au–GO–Fe3O4 had the greatest potential to boost Raman signal intensities of mercury due to red shifting of absorbance peaks and overall increased absorbance across visible wavelengths resulting in the inclusion of greater areas underneath absorbance peaks. Mercury remediation experiments likewise demonstrated Au–GO–Fe3O4 to significantly reduce average concentrations of mercury from 1.67 to 0.82 ppm in polluted water samples – corresponding to a mercury removal efficiency of 50.9% and a mercury adsorption capacity of 5.89 mg/g. The results highlight the viability of Au–GO–Fe3O4 to function as both substrate for SERS detection of mercury and as effective adsorbent for mercury remediation.
{"title":"Studying absorbance properties and mercury remediation capabilities of gold–graphene oxide–iron oxide (Au–GO–Fe3O4) nanoparticle systems","authors":"Joseph Raymund G Sanchez, Paulo Rafael S Joson, Marienette Morales Vega","doi":"10.1080/10934529.2019.1681219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10934529.2019.1681219","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Mercury pollution is a rampant problem in many economically significant Philippine freshwater ecosystems. Communities dependent on these freshwater sources are therefore at risk for exposure to harmful levels of mercury. Various formulations of a novel gold–graphene oxide–iron oxide (Au–GO–Fe3O4) hybrid nanoparticle system were created and subjected to UV–Vis spectroscopy to determine optimal formulations that would best serve as potential substrates for Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) detection of mercury. Optimal formulations of Au–GO–Fe3O4 were also introduced into mercury-polluted environments to evaluate its ability to remove mercury from both water and biological tissues. Spectroscopic analysis revealed that Fe3O4-rich formulations of Au–GO–Fe3O4 had the greatest potential to boost Raman signal intensities of mercury due to red shifting of absorbance peaks and overall increased absorbance across visible wavelengths resulting in the inclusion of greater areas underneath absorbance peaks. Mercury remediation experiments likewise demonstrated Au–GO–Fe3O4 to significantly reduce average concentrations of mercury from 1.67 to 0.82 ppm in polluted water samples – corresponding to a mercury removal efficiency of 50.9% and a mercury adsorption capacity of 5.89 mg/g. The results highlight the viability of Au–GO–Fe3O4 to function as both substrate for SERS detection of mercury and as effective adsorbent for mercury remediation.","PeriodicalId":15733,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A","volume":"46 1","pages":"216 - 223"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84823569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-23DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2019.1680059
É. S. Barbosa, A. Cacique, Gevany P. de Pinho, F. Silvério
Abstract This work evaluated the potential of Catharanthus roseus in phytoremediation of As, Ba, Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, Se and Zn in sewage sludge-based substrates. C. roseus was cultivated for 108 days in a treatment containing sewage sludge:vermiculite (70:30%) and in the control with 100% commercial substrate. The plants cultivated in sludge showed approximately four times greater height, number of leaves and stem diameter, as well as 89% higher fresh mass than those of the control. The highest concentrations of the metals were obtained in the roots of plants grown in the sludge, and ranged from 2.04 (Cd) to 1121 mg kg−1 (Zn). Cu, Cd and Zn had a higher bioconcentration factor than 1 in both treatments. On the other hand, the translocation factor value in the control was greater than 1 for Ba, Cd, Cu, Ni, Se and Zn. The results showed that C. roseus was efficient in the phytoremediation of the evaluated metals, in which the translocation process was progressive in the treatment that presented higher metal content.
摘要:研究了花楸属植物对污水污泥基基质中As、Ba、Cd、Cu、Cr、Ni、Pb、Se和Zn的修复潜力。在含有污水污泥:蛭石(70:30%)和100%商业基质的对照中培养了108天。在污泥中栽培的植株的株高、叶数和茎粗比对照高约4倍，鲜质量比对照高89%。在污泥中生长的植物根部中获得的金属浓度最高，范围为2.04 (Cd)至1121 mg kg - 1 (Zn)。Cu、Cd、Zn在两种处理下的生物富集系数均高于1。Ba、Cd、Cu、Ni、Se和Zn在对照中转运因子值均大于1。结果表明，玫瑰花对所评价的金属具有较好的修复作用，且在金属含量较高的处理中，转运过程是渐进的。
{"title":"Catharanthus roseus potential for phyto-stabilizing metals in sewage sludge","authors":"É. S. Barbosa, A. Cacique, Gevany P. de Pinho, F. Silvério","doi":"10.1080/10934529.2019.1680059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10934529.2019.1680059","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This work evaluated the potential of Catharanthus roseus in phytoremediation of As, Ba, Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, Se and Zn in sewage sludge-based substrates. C. roseus was cultivated for 108 days in a treatment containing sewage sludge:vermiculite (70:30%) and in the control with 100% commercial substrate. The plants cultivated in sludge showed approximately four times greater height, number of leaves and stem diameter, as well as 89% higher fresh mass than those of the control. The highest concentrations of the metals were obtained in the roots of plants grown in the sludge, and ranged from 2.04 (Cd) to 1121 mg kg−1 (Zn). Cu, Cd and Zn had a higher bioconcentration factor than 1 in both treatments. On the other hand, the translocation factor value in the control was greater than 1 for Ba, Cd, Cu, Ni, Se and Zn. The results showed that C. roseus was efficient in the phytoremediation of the evaluated metals, in which the translocation process was progressive in the treatment that presented higher metal content.","PeriodicalId":15733,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A","volume":"30 1","pages":"209 - 215"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77648544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-23DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2019.1682883
Feng Zhou, Xianghong Ren
Abstract 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) and its by-products were considered carcinogenic toxins and represent a serious health hazard to the population once present in water under natural conditions without treatment. The conventional degradation method suffers from incomplete removal of intermediate products (especially N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA)), the powdery catalysis being difficult to recover and results in high energy consumption. In this study, a series of Bi2O3/TiO2/Al2O3 (BTA) photocatalysts have been successfully synthesized by a simple dry mixing method with powder material followed by their immobilization. It was evaluated by the photocatalytic degradation of UDMH present in wastewater, which can be recovered by rapid filtration and utilizes only solar energy. The catalyst exhibited markedly enhanced photocatalytic activity for the degradation of UDMH wastewater compared with conventional TiO2/Al2O3 (TA) catalysts under UV, visible and solar irradiation. Besides, the intermediate NDMA was gradually completely degraded. The photocatalysts were extensively characterized using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometry, specific surface area (BET), X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, UV–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and photo-electrochemical I–t curves evaluation. The results revealed that all the BTA composites exhibited high stability and stronger absorbance in visible light. In addition, the BTA exhibited a reversible photochromic property that can effectively expand the range of light absorption and enhance the photocatalytic activity. The reversible photochromic properties of BTA explained in the proposed mechanism model are expected to be useful for detecting and sensing UDMH or other organic contaminants.
{"title":"Reversible photochromic photocatalyst Bi2O3/TiO2/Al2O3 with enhanced visible photoactivity: application toward UDMH degradation in wastewater","authors":"Feng Zhou, Xianghong Ren","doi":"10.1080/10934529.2019.1682883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10934529.2019.1682883","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) and its by-products were considered carcinogenic toxins and represent a serious health hazard to the population once present in water under natural conditions without treatment. The conventional degradation method suffers from incomplete removal of intermediate products (especially N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA)), the powdery catalysis being difficult to recover and results in high energy consumption. In this study, a series of Bi2O3/TiO2/Al2O3 (BTA) photocatalysts have been successfully synthesized by a simple dry mixing method with powder material followed by their immobilization. It was evaluated by the photocatalytic degradation of UDMH present in wastewater, which can be recovered by rapid filtration and utilizes only solar energy. The catalyst exhibited markedly enhanced photocatalytic activity for the degradation of UDMH wastewater compared with conventional TiO2/Al2O3 (TA) catalysts under UV, visible and solar irradiation. Besides, the intermediate NDMA was gradually completely degraded. The photocatalysts were extensively characterized using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometry, specific surface area (BET), X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, UV–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and photo-electrochemical I–t curves evaluation. The results revealed that all the BTA composites exhibited high stability and stronger absorbance in visible light. In addition, the BTA exhibited a reversible photochromic property that can effectively expand the range of light absorption and enhance the photocatalytic activity. The reversible photochromic properties of BTA explained in the proposed mechanism model are expected to be useful for detecting and sensing UDMH or other organic contaminants.","PeriodicalId":15733,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A","volume":"99 1","pages":"239 - 255"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79296855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-23DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2019.1684120
Chih-Yu Chen, Gueyhorng Wang, C. Tsai, Teh-Hua Tsai, Y. Chung
Abstract Toluene is highly toxic and mutagenic, and it is generally used as an industrial solvent. Thus, toluene removal from air is necessary. To solve the problem of reducing high toluene concentrations with a short gas retention time (GRT), a quorum-sensing molecule [N-(3-oxododecanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone] (OHL) was added to a biotrickling filter (BTF). In this study, a BTF was used to treat synthetic and natural waste gases containing toluene. An extensive analysis was performed to understand the removal efficiency, removal characteristics, and bacterial community of the BTF. The addition of 20 μM OHL to the BTF significantly improved toluene removal, and more than 99.2% toluene removal was achieved at a GRT of 0.5 min when natural waste gas containing toluene (590–1020 ppm or 2.21–3.83 g m−3) was introduced. The maximum inlet load for toluene was 337.9 g m−3 h−1. Moreover, the BTF exhibited satisfactory adaptability to shock loading and shutdown operations. Pseudomonadaceae (33.0%) and Comamonadaceae (26.3%) were predominant bacteria in the system after a 98-day operation. These bacteria were responsible for toluene degradation. The optimal moisture content and low pressure drop for system operations demonstrated that the BTF was energy and cost efficient. Therefore, processing through a BTF with OHL is a favorable technique for toluene treatment.
摘要甲苯具有剧毒和致突变性，一般用作工业溶剂。因此，必须从空气中去除甲苯。为解决在短气体停留时间(GRT)下降低高浓度甲苯的问题，在生物滴滤(BTF)中加入了群体感应分子[N-(3-氧十二烷基)- l -高丝氨酸内酯](OHL)。在本研究中，利用BTF处理含甲苯的合成废气和天然废气。为了了解BTF的去除效率、去除特性和细菌群落，进行了广泛的分析。在BTF中添加20 μM OHL显著提高了甲苯的去除率，当引入含甲苯(590 ~ 1020 ppm或2.21 ~ 3.83 g m−3)的天然废气时，在0.5 min的GRT下，甲苯去除率达到99.2%以上。甲苯的最大进口负荷为337.9 g m−3 h−1。此外，BTF对冲击载荷和停机操作表现出满意的适应性。术后98 d，假单胞菌科(33.0%)和共胞菌科(26.3%)为系统优势菌群。这些细菌负责甲苯的降解。系统运行的最佳含水率和低压降表明BTF具有能源和成本效益。因此，通过BTF与OHL处理甲苯是一种有利的技术。
{"title":"Removal of toluene vapor in the absence and presence of a quorum-sensing molecule in a biotrickling filter and microbial composition shift","authors":"Chih-Yu Chen, Gueyhorng Wang, C. Tsai, Teh-Hua Tsai, Y. Chung","doi":"10.1080/10934529.2019.1684120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10934529.2019.1684120","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Toluene is highly toxic and mutagenic, and it is generally used as an industrial solvent. Thus, toluene removal from air is necessary. To solve the problem of reducing high toluene concentrations with a short gas retention time (GRT), a quorum-sensing molecule [N-(3-oxododecanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone] (OHL) was added to a biotrickling filter (BTF). In this study, a BTF was used to treat synthetic and natural waste gases containing toluene. An extensive analysis was performed to understand the removal efficiency, removal characteristics, and bacterial community of the BTF. The addition of 20 μM OHL to the BTF significantly improved toluene removal, and more than 99.2% toluene removal was achieved at a GRT of 0.5 min when natural waste gas containing toluene (590–1020 ppm or 2.21–3.83 g m−3) was introduced. The maximum inlet load for toluene was 337.9 g m−3 h−1. Moreover, the BTF exhibited satisfactory adaptability to shock loading and shutdown operations. Pseudomonadaceae (33.0%) and Comamonadaceae (26.3%) were predominant bacteria in the system after a 98-day operation. These bacteria were responsible for toluene degradation. The optimal moisture content and low pressure drop for system operations demonstrated that the BTF was energy and cost efficient. Therefore, processing through a BTF with OHL is a favorable technique for toluene treatment.","PeriodicalId":15733,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A","volume":"6 1","pages":"256 - 265"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84621184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-23DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2019.1687236
I. Duka, Marko Gerić, G. Gajski, Maja Friščić, Ž. Maleš, A. Domijan, P. Turčić
Abstract An adequate level of low molecular weight thiols (LMW-SH, especially glutathione (GSH)) protects cellular macromolecules against toxic agents, and is used as a sensitive biomarker of exposure to toxic compounds. During sample collection, storage and preparation, non-enzymatic and enzymatic oxidation of LMW-SH can occur leading to analytical inaccuracy. The aim of this study was to optimize a fast and reliable screening method for the determination of LMW-SH, mainly GSH, in blood and plasma samples as well as to investigate the impact of storage conditions on the LMW-SH stability. Based on our results, the described spectrophotometric method allows fast and reliable determination of LMW-SH in blood and plasma samples. Results on incubation of samples at 37 °C imply that synthesis of LMW-SH (probably GSH) as well as dynamic interexchange among various thiols forms can be induced in blood cells in in vitro conditions. Importantly, the level of LMW-SH in blood and plasma stored at −20 °C was constant, indicating that they can be stored at −20 °C for at least 30 days. Therefore, the method is suitable for assessment of LMW-SH in long-term human biomonitoring as well as environmental field studies, especially those involving a large number of samples such as epidemiological studies.
{"title":"Optimization of a fast screening method for the assessment of low molecular weight thiols in human blood and plasma suitable for biomonitoring studies","authors":"I. Duka, Marko Gerić, G. Gajski, Maja Friščić, Ž. Maleš, A. Domijan, P. Turčić","doi":"10.1080/10934529.2019.1687236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10934529.2019.1687236","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract An adequate level of low molecular weight thiols (LMW-SH, especially glutathione (GSH)) protects cellular macromolecules against toxic agents, and is used as a sensitive biomarker of exposure to toxic compounds. During sample collection, storage and preparation, non-enzymatic and enzymatic oxidation of LMW-SH can occur leading to analytical inaccuracy. The aim of this study was to optimize a fast and reliable screening method for the determination of LMW-SH, mainly GSH, in blood and plasma samples as well as to investigate the impact of storage conditions on the LMW-SH stability. Based on our results, the described spectrophotometric method allows fast and reliable determination of LMW-SH in blood and plasma samples. Results on incubation of samples at 37 °C imply that synthesis of LMW-SH (probably GSH) as well as dynamic interexchange among various thiols forms can be induced in blood cells in in vitro conditions. Importantly, the level of LMW-SH in blood and plasma stored at −20 °C was constant, indicating that they can be stored at −20 °C for at least 30 days. Therefore, the method is suitable for assessment of LMW-SH in long-term human biomonitoring as well as environmental field studies, especially those involving a large number of samples such as epidemiological studies.","PeriodicalId":15733,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A","volume":"162 1","pages":"275 - 280"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90891833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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