Pub Date : 2022-04-16DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2022.2068886
Zainab Z Al-Full, Mahmoud R. Khattab
Abstract The black shale is considered one of the most important rock units in the lower part of Um Bogma Formation, where it contains the uranium, heavy metals and rare earth elements mineralization. The black shale samples were analyzed radiochemically by using alpha spectrometry technique. Most of uranium in the studied samples is authigenic and the Th/U ratio confirms the deposition of uranium in reducing environment. The activity ratios of the studied black shale samples were characterized by 234U/238U > 1 and 230Th/234U < 1, which showed relatively recent precipitation of uranium from water in reducing conditions. 234U/235U and 238U/235U activity ratio was relatively deviated from equilibrium due to the changes in the oxidation-reduction conditions. The disequilibrium of 228Th/232Th can be due to the co-precipitation of 228Ra and the migration of 228Th from the black shale into the percolating water. So, the water was percolated through the paleochannels and caves instead of the rocks causing uranium mobilization and the fractionation of uranium, forming the oxidation-reduction interface in the periods from <6 × 104 to >3 × 105 year.
{"title":"Uranium isotopic ratio of black shale and its role in detection of oxic-anoxic conditions of uranium depositions","authors":"Zainab Z Al-Full, Mahmoud R. Khattab","doi":"10.1080/10934529.2022.2068886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10934529.2022.2068886","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The black shale is considered one of the most important rock units in the lower part of Um Bogma Formation, where it contains the uranium, heavy metals and rare earth elements mineralization. The black shale samples were analyzed radiochemically by using alpha spectrometry technique. Most of uranium in the studied samples is authigenic and the Th/U ratio confirms the deposition of uranium in reducing environment. The activity ratios of the studied black shale samples were characterized by 234U/238U > 1 and 230Th/234U < 1, which showed relatively recent precipitation of uranium from water in reducing conditions. 234U/235U and 238U/235U activity ratio was relatively deviated from equilibrium due to the changes in the oxidation-reduction conditions. The disequilibrium of 228Th/232Th can be due to the co-precipitation of 228Ra and the migration of 228Th from the black shale into the percolating water. So, the water was percolated through the paleochannels and caves instead of the rocks causing uranium mobilization and the fractionation of uranium, forming the oxidation-reduction interface in the periods from <6 × 104 to >3 × 105 year.","PeriodicalId":15733,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A","volume":"8 1","pages":"376 - 385"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86207339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-11DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2022.2063607
Flamur Sopaj, Musaj Paçarizi, T. Stafilov, K. Tasev, R. Šajn
Abstract Heavy metals presence in the air in the territory of Kosovo was estimated using mosses as biomonitors. The periodic smog over the territory of Kosovo, particularly around industrial sites and cities, is a clear indication of air pollution which unavoidably will contain heavy metals, because of the nature of the industries in area. This work was carried out aming to assess the presence of heavy metals in the air, identify the most polluted sites, and the origins of pollution. Heavy metals such as Al, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, and Zn, were determined in 45 moss samples. Statistical analysis was performed to better explain the data. The most polluted sites appeared to be in Zveqan, Stanterg, Prapashticë, Siboc, and Lupç. The contamination factor (CF) showed that only Cu and Zn had no or almost no contamination levels over the range of moss samples with CF < 1, while Cd and Pb gave extremely high values, CF > 27. Pollution load index (PLI) also showed that only a few samples are moderately polluted 2 < PLI ≤ 3, while most of the samples appeared to be highly polluted 4 < PLI ≤ 5, and very highly polluted PLI > 5.
{"title":"Statistical analysis of atmospheric deposition of heavy metals in Kosovo using the terrestrial mosses method","authors":"Flamur Sopaj, Musaj Paçarizi, T. Stafilov, K. Tasev, R. Šajn","doi":"10.1080/10934529.2022.2063607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10934529.2022.2063607","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Heavy metals presence in the air in the territory of Kosovo was estimated using mosses as biomonitors. The periodic smog over the territory of Kosovo, particularly around industrial sites and cities, is a clear indication of air pollution which unavoidably will contain heavy metals, because of the nature of the industries in area. This work was carried out aming to assess the presence of heavy metals in the air, identify the most polluted sites, and the origins of pollution. Heavy metals such as Al, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, and Zn, were determined in 45 moss samples. Statistical analysis was performed to better explain the data. The most polluted sites appeared to be in Zveqan, Stanterg, Prapashticë, Siboc, and Lupç. The contamination factor (CF) showed that only Cu and Zn had no or almost no contamination levels over the range of moss samples with CF < 1, while Cd and Pb gave extremely high values, CF > 27. Pollution load index (PLI) also showed that only a few samples are moderately polluted 2 < PLI ≤ 3, while most of the samples appeared to be highly polluted 4 < PLI ≤ 5, and very highly polluted PLI > 5.","PeriodicalId":15733,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A","volume":"2 1","pages":"335 - 346"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81917194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-21DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2022.2056385
C. Tshangana, A. Muleja, A. Kuvarega, B. Mamba
Abstract This study presents a low-impact process that uses the synergy of peracetic acid (PAA) and graphene oxide quantum GQDs to degrade poorly biodegradable organic compounds and potentially substitute chlorination in wastewater treatment. The role of GQDs in GQDs/PAA activity and the effect of GQDs loading were examined. The results showed that increasing GQDs loading in the GQDs/PAA system greatly improved the photodegradation efficiency. Conversely, increasing the PAA concentration slightly enhanced efficiency due to few active sites being available. GQDs acted as catalysts and radical scavenging experiments confirmed that the degradation occurred via generation of hydroxyl (•OH) and peroxy (CH3C(=O)OO•)) radicals. A probable degradation mechanism of the organic dye was presented based on the reaction by-products detected after HPLC-MS studies. The E. coli inactivation mechanism was elucidated by monitoring the morphological changes of E. coli using scanning microscopy. The proposed antimicrobial mechanism includes the initial diffusion of PAA through the cell membrane which caused damage and induced cellular matter leakage, resulting in cell death. Bacterial regrowth studies confirmed GQDs/PAA were able to bypass the natural mechanisms of microorganisms that enables them to repair any damages in their DNA.
{"title":"The synergistic effect of peracetic acid activated by graphene oxide quantum dots in the inactivation of E. coli and organic dye removal with LED reactor light","authors":"C. Tshangana, A. Muleja, A. Kuvarega, B. Mamba","doi":"10.1080/10934529.2022.2056385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10934529.2022.2056385","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study presents a low-impact process that uses the synergy of peracetic acid (PAA) and graphene oxide quantum GQDs to degrade poorly biodegradable organic compounds and potentially substitute chlorination in wastewater treatment. The role of GQDs in GQDs/PAA activity and the effect of GQDs loading were examined. The results showed that increasing GQDs loading in the GQDs/PAA system greatly improved the photodegradation efficiency. Conversely, increasing the PAA concentration slightly enhanced efficiency due to few active sites being available. GQDs acted as catalysts and radical scavenging experiments confirmed that the degradation occurred via generation of hydroxyl (•OH) and peroxy (CH3C(=O)OO•)) radicals. A probable degradation mechanism of the organic dye was presented based on the reaction by-products detected after HPLC-MS studies. The E. coli inactivation mechanism was elucidated by monitoring the morphological changes of E. coli using scanning microscopy. The proposed antimicrobial mechanism includes the initial diffusion of PAA through the cell membrane which caused damage and induced cellular matter leakage, resulting in cell death. Bacterial regrowth studies confirmed GQDs/PAA were able to bypass the natural mechanisms of microorganisms that enables them to repair any damages in their DNA.","PeriodicalId":15733,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A","volume":"1 1","pages":"268 - 281"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90898660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-21DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2022.2061256
H. Jeng, S. Sikdar, Yeou‐Lih Huang, Chih-Hon Pan
Abstract The objective of this study was to assess the association of exposure to metal mixtures with semen quality and sperm DNA integrity of coke oven workers (n = 96). Urinary six metals (cadmium, lead, arsenic, zinc, selenium, and copper) were quantified using inductively coupled-mass spectrometry. Semen quality parameters included sperm concentration, sperm concentration, sperm motility, sperm morphology, and sperm viability. Sperm DNA fragmentation and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodGuo) adducts served as biomarkers for assessing sperm DNA integrity. Bayesian kernel machine regression with the hierarchical variable selection process was used for analyzing both individual and joint effects of the metal mixture on the outcomes of semen samples, while adjusting for age, smoking, alcohol consumption, job length, and body mass index. The metal mixture was associated with reduced sperm concentration, motility, viability, and normal morphology. It was novel that a dose-response relationship was observed between exposure of the metal mixture and semen quality. Among the metals tested, cadmium had a reverse relationship with sperm motility, viability, and normal morphology, and a non-linear relationship with sperm viability and sperm motility. The metal mixture and individual metals were not associated with sperm DNA fragmentation and 8-oxodGuo. In conclusion, exposure to metal mixtures and cadmium may exert an association with semen quality and had no association with sperm DNA breakages.
{"title":"Mixture analysis of associations between exposure to low levels of multiple metals and semen quality and sperm DNA integrity","authors":"H. Jeng, S. Sikdar, Yeou‐Lih Huang, Chih-Hon Pan","doi":"10.1080/10934529.2022.2061256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10934529.2022.2061256","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The objective of this study was to assess the association of exposure to metal mixtures with semen quality and sperm DNA integrity of coke oven workers (n = 96). Urinary six metals (cadmium, lead, arsenic, zinc, selenium, and copper) were quantified using inductively coupled-mass spectrometry. Semen quality parameters included sperm concentration, sperm concentration, sperm motility, sperm morphology, and sperm viability. Sperm DNA fragmentation and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodGuo) adducts served as biomarkers for assessing sperm DNA integrity. Bayesian kernel machine regression with the hierarchical variable selection process was used for analyzing both individual and joint effects of the metal mixture on the outcomes of semen samples, while adjusting for age, smoking, alcohol consumption, job length, and body mass index. The metal mixture was associated with reduced sperm concentration, motility, viability, and normal morphology. It was novel that a dose-response relationship was observed between exposure of the metal mixture and semen quality. Among the metals tested, cadmium had a reverse relationship with sperm motility, viability, and normal morphology, and a non-linear relationship with sperm viability and sperm motility. The metal mixture and individual metals were not associated with sperm DNA fragmentation and 8-oxodGuo. In conclusion, exposure to metal mixtures and cadmium may exert an association with semen quality and had no association with sperm DNA breakages.","PeriodicalId":15733,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A","volume":"1983 1","pages":"318 - 326"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82220987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-21DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2022.2053450
Uma Mohan, A. Krishnakumar
Abstract The metal concentrations within the sediments of Kallada River Basin (KRB) draining the south-western flanks of Western Ghats in Kerala, India were examined using pollution indices and statistical analysis in order to inspect the level of contamination. This study includes a systematic analysis of sediment contamination by heavy metals and major oxides of the river Kallada draining the south-western flanks of Western Ghats in Kerala, India during pre-monsoon (May 2019), monsoon (September 2019) and post-monsoon (February 2020) seasons. Sediment samples were taken from 20 locations and the major investigations carried out in the sediment samples include geochemical analysis for the determination of major oxides and minor (trace) elements by using X-ray Fluorescence spectrometer (XRF) and textural analysis for the classification of sediment samples into different categories. To understand the pollution loads in the sediments of the area under study, the heavy metal and major element contamination of the samples were assessed based on crustal enrichment factor (EFc), geo accumulation index (Igeo), contamination factor (CF), degree of contamination (Cdeg) and pollution load index (PLI). From the analysis, it is seen that the coastal sediments of KRB were polluted mainly by Zirconium which exhibits high values in the pre-monsoon season. Among the major elements, Titanium is the only one which manifests slightly higher values in the pre-monsoon period. Based on the textural analysis, it is observed that these sediments predominantly come under sandy loam and loamy silt classifications during the three seasons of study. The concentrations of heavy metals and major ions in the surface sediments of Kallada river were studied to determine the extent of anthropogenic inputs in this tropical river system.
{"title":"Geochemical aspects and contamination evaluation of major and trace elements in the sediments of Kallada river, southern Western Ghats, India","authors":"Uma Mohan, A. Krishnakumar","doi":"10.1080/10934529.2022.2053450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10934529.2022.2053450","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The metal concentrations within the sediments of Kallada River Basin (KRB) draining the south-western flanks of Western Ghats in Kerala, India were examined using pollution indices and statistical analysis in order to inspect the level of contamination. This study includes a systematic analysis of sediment contamination by heavy metals and major oxides of the river Kallada draining the south-western flanks of Western Ghats in Kerala, India during pre-monsoon (May 2019), monsoon (September 2019) and post-monsoon (February 2020) seasons. Sediment samples were taken from 20 locations and the major investigations carried out in the sediment samples include geochemical analysis for the determination of major oxides and minor (trace) elements by using X-ray Fluorescence spectrometer (XRF) and textural analysis for the classification of sediment samples into different categories. To understand the pollution loads in the sediments of the area under study, the heavy metal and major element contamination of the samples were assessed based on crustal enrichment factor (EFc), geo accumulation index (Igeo), contamination factor (CF), degree of contamination (Cdeg) and pollution load index (PLI). From the analysis, it is seen that the coastal sediments of KRB were polluted mainly by Zirconium which exhibits high values in the pre-monsoon season. Among the major elements, Titanium is the only one which manifests slightly higher values in the pre-monsoon period. Based on the textural analysis, it is observed that these sediments predominantly come under sandy loam and loamy silt classifications during the three seasons of study. The concentrations of heavy metals and major ions in the surface sediments of Kallada river were studied to determine the extent of anthropogenic inputs in this tropical river system.","PeriodicalId":15733,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A","volume":"8 1","pages":"258 - 267"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88873580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-21DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2022.2075653
Oltiana Petri, D. Ulqinaku, B. Kika, E. Abazaj
Abstract Water quality impairment is a substantial environmental hazard which impacts a wide variety of stakeholders and interests, particularly those who participate in outdoor water-based recreational activities. Recreational bathing water qualities are highly vulnerable to microbial pollution from municipal sewage, industrial effluents, agriculture run-off and river discharges. Fecal contamination impairs water quality and potentiates human health risks. The aim of this study was to see the 5-year trend of microbiological quality of recreational bathing waters in Albania. Every year we collected 1,071 samples taken 30 centimeters below the water’s surface at least one meter deep. Assessment of bacterial load of the coastal waters was done nine times for every point, for the Escherichia coli and Intestinal enterococci, according to the methods ISO 7899-1 and ISO 9308-3. Bathing water assessment is to be classified according the categories indicated in the Directive 2006/7/EC and recommendations of WHO/UNEP-2010. Microbial Water Quality Assessment Category (cfu/100 ml water) done in 119 monitoring points were: During 2016, Excellent 53%, Sufficient 23%, Good 9% and Poor 15%. In 2017, Excellent 68%, Sufficient 15%, Good 6% and Poor 10%. During 2018, Excellent 82.4%, Sufficient 13%, Good 0.9% and Poor 3.7%. During 2019, Excellent 89%, Sufficient 2.5%, Good 6% and Poor 2.5%. During 2020 Excellent 89.9%, Sufficient 5%, Good 0.9%, and Poor 4.2%. Based on the above assessment, it is noticed a significant increase of microbial quality of recreational bathing waters in Albania due to investments in the sewerage system and better waste water treatment.
{"title":"Trends of recreational water quality in Albania’s coastal during 2016–2020","authors":"Oltiana Petri, D. Ulqinaku, B. Kika, E. Abazaj","doi":"10.1080/10934529.2022.2075653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10934529.2022.2075653","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Water quality impairment is a substantial environmental hazard which impacts a wide variety of stakeholders and interests, particularly those who participate in outdoor water-based recreational activities. Recreational bathing water qualities are highly vulnerable to microbial pollution from municipal sewage, industrial effluents, agriculture run-off and river discharges. Fecal contamination impairs water quality and potentiates human health risks. The aim of this study was to see the 5-year trend of microbiological quality of recreational bathing waters in Albania. Every year we collected 1,071 samples taken 30 centimeters below the water’s surface at least one meter deep. Assessment of bacterial load of the coastal waters was done nine times for every point, for the Escherichia coli and Intestinal enterococci, according to the methods ISO 7899-1 and ISO 9308-3. Bathing water assessment is to be classified according the categories indicated in the Directive 2006/7/EC and recommendations of WHO/UNEP-2010. Microbial Water Quality Assessment Category (cfu/100 ml water) done in 119 monitoring points were: During 2016, Excellent 53%, Sufficient 23%, Good 9% and Poor 15%. In 2017, Excellent 68%, Sufficient 15%, Good 6% and Poor 10%. During 2018, Excellent 82.4%, Sufficient 13%, Good 0.9% and Poor 3.7%. During 2019, Excellent 89%, Sufficient 2.5%, Good 6% and Poor 2.5%. During 2020 Excellent 89.9%, Sufficient 5%, Good 0.9%, and Poor 4.2%. Based on the above assessment, it is noticed a significant increase of microbial quality of recreational bathing waters in Albania due to investments in the sewerage system and better waste water treatment.","PeriodicalId":15733,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A","volume":"41 1","pages":"327 - 334"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84891306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-21DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2022.2060021
A. C. Bernegossi, B. Freitas, G. B. Castro, J. P. Marques, L. F. Trindade, M. R. de Lima e Silva, M. C. Felipe, A. P. Ogura
Abstract Safe drinking water’ supply is an essential service and depends directly on the water treatment that produces water treatment sludge (WTS) as a product, whose final destination varies and remains a challenge. The ecotoxicity assessment of the WTS address the ecological implications of the WTS disposal but these information is still scarce in the literature. In this sense, we did a systematic review of the ecotoxicological studies on WTS using databases from six platforms. From the 785 papers recovered; 16 studies were eligible and showed the ecotoxicity assays’ applicability to evaluate the WTS. We discussed WTS ecotoxicity considering sample characterization; terrestrial and aquatic toxicity assays; and WTS challenges. WTS proved to be a highly heterogeneous matrix composed mainly of coagulant precipitates, including Al and Fe. Studies lack consensus concerning the most representative/sensitive species for evaluating WTS’ toxicity. Crustaceans were the most studied aquatic group, although algae species were more sensitive. Besides, soil ecotoxicity assessed only plant growth, and a single study used the earthworm. Even papers used bioassays to indicate the recycling WTS’ feasibility, there is a lack of specific legislation regarding the WTS reuse. Furthermore, are necessary a regulation for WTS management that involves an ecological risk assessment.
{"title":"A systematic review of the water treatment sludge toxicity to terrestrial and aquatic biota: state of the art and management challenges","authors":"A. C. Bernegossi, B. Freitas, G. B. Castro, J. P. Marques, L. F. Trindade, M. R. de Lima e Silva, M. C. Felipe, A. P. Ogura","doi":"10.1080/10934529.2022.2060021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10934529.2022.2060021","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Safe drinking water’ supply is an essential service and depends directly on the water treatment that produces water treatment sludge (WTS) as a product, whose final destination varies and remains a challenge. The ecotoxicity assessment of the WTS address the ecological implications of the WTS disposal but these information is still scarce in the literature. In this sense, we did a systematic review of the ecotoxicological studies on WTS using databases from six platforms. From the 785 papers recovered; 16 studies were eligible and showed the ecotoxicity assays’ applicability to evaluate the WTS. We discussed WTS ecotoxicity considering sample characterization; terrestrial and aquatic toxicity assays; and WTS challenges. WTS proved to be a highly heterogeneous matrix composed mainly of coagulant precipitates, including Al and Fe. Studies lack consensus concerning the most representative/sensitive species for evaluating WTS’ toxicity. Crustaceans were the most studied aquatic group, although algae species were more sensitive. Besides, soil ecotoxicity assessed only plant growth, and a single study used the earthworm. Even papers used bioassays to indicate the recycling WTS’ feasibility, there is a lack of specific legislation regarding the WTS reuse. Furthermore, are necessary a regulation for WTS management that involves an ecological risk assessment.","PeriodicalId":15733,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A","volume":"15 1 1","pages":"282 - 297"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88518646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-21DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2022.2060022
Electra Polatidou, K. Azis, C. Polatides, Nikolaos Remmas, S. Ntougias, P. Melidis
Abstract In this study, electrochemical treatment and application of O3/UV/H2O2 in various combinations were evaluated in respect to their efficiency to depurate mature landfill leachate. Based on preliminary experiments, electrochemical treatment using stainless-steel electrodes at 2 cm gap was performed optimally at 50 mA/cm2 and pH 6, while application of O3 at 120 L/h, UV at 991 J/cm2 and H2O2 concentration of 1 g/L was carried out. Electrochemical treatment and O3/UV/H2O2 under optimal conditions were applied as follows: I) electrochemical treatment, followed by O3/UV/H2O2 and solids precipitation, II) electrochemical treatment, followed by precipitation and then by O3/UV/H2O2 treatment, and III) O3/UV/H2O2, followed by electrochemical treatment. A low performance was observed when O3/UV/H2O2 preceding electrochemical treatment. Solids, TKN and total COD (tCON) removal was primarily achieved through electrocoagulation, whereas color and soluble COD (sCOD) reduction was mainly attributed to electrochemical oxidation. Experimental setup I was the most efficient treatment scheme, resulting in tCOD, sCOD, TKN, TSS, SACUV254nm and color number reduction of 73%, 80%, 76%, 79%, 94% and 98%, respectively. Indeed, O3/UV/H2O2 step could be omitted since its effectiveness was restricted during landfill leachate treatment. In conclusion, electrochemical treatment followed by precipitation could result in effective reduction of nutrients and color.
{"title":"Evaluation of electrochemical and O3/UV/H2O2 methods at various combinations during treatment of mature landfill leachate","authors":"Electra Polatidou, K. Azis, C. Polatides, Nikolaos Remmas, S. Ntougias, P. Melidis","doi":"10.1080/10934529.2022.2060022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10934529.2022.2060022","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this study, electrochemical treatment and application of O3/UV/H2O2 in various combinations were evaluated in respect to their efficiency to depurate mature landfill leachate. Based on preliminary experiments, electrochemical treatment using stainless-steel electrodes at 2 cm gap was performed optimally at 50 mA/cm2 and pH 6, while application of O3 at 120 L/h, UV at 991 J/cm2 and H2O2 concentration of 1 g/L was carried out. Electrochemical treatment and O3/UV/H2O2 under optimal conditions were applied as follows: I) electrochemical treatment, followed by O3/UV/H2O2 and solids precipitation, II) electrochemical treatment, followed by precipitation and then by O3/UV/H2O2 treatment, and III) O3/UV/H2O2, followed by electrochemical treatment. A low performance was observed when O3/UV/H2O2 preceding electrochemical treatment. Solids, TKN and total COD (tCON) removal was primarily achieved through electrocoagulation, whereas color and soluble COD (sCOD) reduction was mainly attributed to electrochemical oxidation. Experimental setup I was the most efficient treatment scheme, resulting in tCOD, sCOD, TKN, TSS, SACUV254nm and color number reduction of 73%, 80%, 76%, 79%, 94% and 98%, respectively. Indeed, O3/UV/H2O2 step could be omitted since its effectiveness was restricted during landfill leachate treatment. In conclusion, electrochemical treatment followed by precipitation could result in effective reduction of nutrients and color.","PeriodicalId":15733,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A","volume":"17 1","pages":"298 - 305"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76466357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-21DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2022.2060669
Stela Naydenova, A. Veli, Z. Mustafa, S. Hudai, E. Hristova, L. Gonsalvesh-Musakova
Abstract The quality of atmospheric air of Burgas city, Bulgaria was analyzed in relation to PAHs in two particulate matter fractions – 2.5 μm and 10 μm. It was found that PAHs registered in PM10 represent entirely the ones registered in PM2.5 – an indication that the particulate PAHs in ambient air of Burgas for the sampling period are associated with the fine PM fraction. The PAH compounds with highest concentrations are mainly associated with coal combustion, diesel and gasoline vehicle and biomass burning, which is further confirmed by the calculated diagnostic ratios. The combustion-derived PAHs represent on average 86.6 ± 2.8% of total PAHs concentration. The linear regression analysis showed strong and statistically meaningful correlations between PM fractions and PAHs indicating the influence of similar local events and emission sources of pollution. PM2.5 or PM10 relationships with PAHs were significant but lower correlation coefficients were observed for low-molecular weight (LMW) PAHs in comparison to middle-molecular weight (MMW) and higher-molecular weight (HMW) PAHs, due to their lower presence in particulates and higher partition in gaseous atmospheric phase. Further significant correlations were found with wind speed, solar radiation and atmospheric pressure as well as NO2 and O3 ambient concentration. The calculated excess cancer risks are twice as much as acceptable limit.
{"title":"Atmospheric levels, distribution, sources, correlation with meteorological parameters and other pollutants and health risk of PAHs bound in PM2.5 and PM10 in Burgas, Bulgaria – a case study","authors":"Stela Naydenova, A. Veli, Z. Mustafa, S. Hudai, E. Hristova, L. Gonsalvesh-Musakova","doi":"10.1080/10934529.2022.2060669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10934529.2022.2060669","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The quality of atmospheric air of Burgas city, Bulgaria was analyzed in relation to PAHs in two particulate matter fractions – 2.5 μm and 10 μm. It was found that PAHs registered in PM10 represent entirely the ones registered in PM2.5 – an indication that the particulate PAHs in ambient air of Burgas for the sampling period are associated with the fine PM fraction. The PAH compounds with highest concentrations are mainly associated with coal combustion, diesel and gasoline vehicle and biomass burning, which is further confirmed by the calculated diagnostic ratios. The combustion-derived PAHs represent on average 86.6 ± 2.8% of total PAHs concentration. The linear regression analysis showed strong and statistically meaningful correlations between PM fractions and PAHs indicating the influence of similar local events and emission sources of pollution. PM2.5 or PM10 relationships with PAHs were significant but lower correlation coefficients were observed for low-molecular weight (LMW) PAHs in comparison to middle-molecular weight (MMW) and higher-molecular weight (HMW) PAHs, due to their lower presence in particulates and higher partition in gaseous atmospheric phase. Further significant correlations were found with wind speed, solar radiation and atmospheric pressure as well as NO2 and O3 ambient concentration. The calculated excess cancer risks are twice as much as acceptable limit.","PeriodicalId":15733,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A","volume":"44 1","pages":"306 - 317"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83399298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-11DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2022.2050124
L. N. Schmidt, M. F. Horst, M. S. Lencina, Olivia V. López, Mario D. Ninago
Abstract In this work, calcium alginate hydrogels with natural and pillared bentonites (0.5 and 5% w/w) were synthetized in two geometries (disks and beads) and their capacity to adsorb cadmium ion from aqueous media was evaluated. Pillarization effect on bentonite morphology was evidenced by SEM, XRD, LD and BET isotherms. Structure and swelling capacity of hydrogels were determined, showing that hydrogels beads with pillared clays presented the higher ability to retain water. Regarding cadmium adsorption capacity, the effect of pH media (3, 5 and 7), the contact time (0 to 320 min.) and the initial cadmium ion concentration (6 to 42 mg/L) were studied employing hydrogel beads. Regardless bentonite type and concentration, the optimal pH cadmium adsorption was 7, reaching the highest adsorption capacity (93%) for hydrogel with 0.5% natural bentonite. Besides, the equilibrium adsorption time was reached at 120 min for all studied hydrogels and experimental data fitted with a pseudo-second order kinetic model.
{"title":"Gels based on calcium alginate/pillared bentonite: structural characterization and their use as cadmium removal agent","authors":"L. N. Schmidt, M. F. Horst, M. S. Lencina, Olivia V. López, Mario D. Ninago","doi":"10.1080/10934529.2022.2050124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10934529.2022.2050124","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this work, calcium alginate hydrogels with natural and pillared bentonites (0.5 and 5% w/w) were synthetized in two geometries (disks and beads) and their capacity to adsorb cadmium ion from aqueous media was evaluated. Pillarization effect on bentonite morphology was evidenced by SEM, XRD, LD and BET isotherms. Structure and swelling capacity of hydrogels were determined, showing that hydrogels beads with pillared clays presented the higher ability to retain water. Regarding cadmium adsorption capacity, the effect of pH media (3, 5 and 7), the contact time (0 to 320 min.) and the initial cadmium ion concentration (6 to 42 mg/L) were studied employing hydrogel beads. Regardless bentonite type and concentration, the optimal pH cadmium adsorption was 7, reaching the highest adsorption capacity (93%) for hydrogel with 0.5% natural bentonite. Besides, the equilibrium adsorption time was reached at 120 min for all studied hydrogels and experimental data fitted with a pseudo-second order kinetic model.","PeriodicalId":15733,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A","volume":"9 1","pages":"218 - 228"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81041535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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