Pub Date : 2019-08-07DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2019.1643692
J. L. Gama Flores, María Elena Montaner Salas, S. S. S. Sarma, Sarma Nandini
Abstract Cladocerans are constantly exposed to humic substances in nature, yet the effects of these substances on their survival and reproduction are not well known. Here, the effects of humic substances (20 and 40 mg L−1) (HS) on the life history variables of three common cladocerans, Ceriodaphnia dubia, Moina macrocopa, and Daphnia pulex were evaluated. The results showed that the effect of humic substances on the tested cladocerans is species-specific, affecting either survival, reproduction or both. For M. macrocopa, exposed to HS at a concentration of 40 mg L−1, the average lifespan and the life expectancy at birth were significantly reduced as compared to controls, but for C. dubia and D. pulex these parameters were increased. Gross reproductive rate was unaffected by the HS level for both D. pulex and M. macrocopa, but it was significantly higher for C. dubia. When compared to the corresponding controls, for HS-exposed cladocerans, the rate of population increase was significantly reduced in case of D. pulex while it was stimulated for both C. dubia and M. macrocopa. It appears that humic substances had a slightly stronger influence on survivorship than on reproduction of the tested cladocerans.
{"title":"Demographic responses of Cladocerans (Cladocera) in relation to different concentrations of humic substances","authors":"J. L. Gama Flores, María Elena Montaner Salas, S. S. S. Sarma, Sarma Nandini","doi":"10.1080/10934529.2019.1643692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10934529.2019.1643692","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Cladocerans are constantly exposed to humic substances in nature, yet the effects of these substances on their survival and reproduction are not well known. Here, the effects of humic substances (20 and 40 mg L−1) (HS) on the life history variables of three common cladocerans, Ceriodaphnia dubia, Moina macrocopa, and Daphnia pulex were evaluated. The results showed that the effect of humic substances on the tested cladocerans is species-specific, affecting either survival, reproduction or both. For M. macrocopa, exposed to HS at a concentration of 40 mg L−1, the average lifespan and the life expectancy at birth were significantly reduced as compared to controls, but for C. dubia and D. pulex these parameters were increased. Gross reproductive rate was unaffected by the HS level for both D. pulex and M. macrocopa, but it was significantly higher for C. dubia. When compared to the corresponding controls, for HS-exposed cladocerans, the rate of population increase was significantly reduced in case of D. pulex while it was stimulated for both C. dubia and M. macrocopa. It appears that humic substances had a slightly stronger influence on survivorship than on reproduction of the tested cladocerans.","PeriodicalId":15733,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A","volume":"359 1","pages":"1311 - 1317"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76420957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-04DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2019.1647749
Erdal Yabalak, Büşra Külekçi, A. Gizir
Abstract Eco-friendly methods, the ultrasound-assisted oxidation (UAO) and the subcritical water oxidation (SWO) methods, were applied to mineralise the widely used commercial reactive azo dye, Procion Crimson H-EXL in the presence of H2O2. 72.20% and 72.86% of total organic carbon removal were achieved in the UAO and SWO methods, respectively. The Box-Behnken design (BBD) was applied to design the experimental processes and optimise both methods. ANOVA and validation tests were performed to assess the employed models. F and P values were obtained as 36.72 and <0.0001 in the UAO method, respectively, and 605.97 and <0.0001 in the SWO method, respectively. The artificial neural network (ANN) was applied in both the UAO and the SWO methods. The predictive performance of the BBD and ANN models were evaluated and compared to each other over R2, root mean square error and absolute average deviation values. Graphical Abstract
{"title":"Application of ultrasound-assisted and subcritical water oxidation methods in the mineralisation of Procion Crimson H-EXL using response surface methodology and artificial neural network","authors":"Erdal Yabalak, Büşra Külekçi, A. Gizir","doi":"10.1080/10934529.2019.1647749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10934529.2019.1647749","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Eco-friendly methods, the ultrasound-assisted oxidation (UAO) and the subcritical water oxidation (SWO) methods, were applied to mineralise the widely used commercial reactive azo dye, Procion Crimson H-EXL in the presence of H2O2. 72.20% and 72.86% of total organic carbon removal were achieved in the UAO and SWO methods, respectively. The Box-Behnken design (BBD) was applied to design the experimental processes and optimise both methods. ANOVA and validation tests were performed to assess the employed models. F and P values were obtained as 36.72 and <0.0001 in the UAO method, respectively, and 605.97 and <0.0001 in the SWO method, respectively. The artificial neural network (ANN) was applied in both the UAO and the SWO methods. The predictive performance of the BBD and ANN models were evaluated and compared to each other over R2, root mean square error and absolute average deviation values. Graphical Abstract","PeriodicalId":15733,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A","volume":"1 1","pages":"1412 - 1422"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84196967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-04DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2019.1646086
S. P. D. Monte Blanco, F. B. Scheufele, A. Módenes, Karise Schneider, A. D. de Oliveira, P. R. Paraíso, R. Bergamasco
Abstract This study evaluates the application of the vegetal activated carbon (AC), vegetable AC impregnated with Ag and Cu (0.08% m/m) and cationic SupergelTM SGC650H resin for adsorption of Fe3+ and Pb2+ ions in closed and batch system. The best adsorption capacities were obtained by using the cationic resin SGC650H, pH 3, temperature of 30 °C and stirring speed of 100 rpm. Thus, the kinetic and equilibrium experiments, in mono- and bicomponent, were performed using SGC650H resin, wherein the kinetic models of pseudo-first and pseudo-second order presented a good fit to the kinetic data, for mono- and bicomponent, respectively. The Langmuir isotherm adequately represented the monocomponent equilibrium data, showing maximum adsorption capacities values of 7.18 and 4.00 meq g−1 for Fe3+ and Pb2+, respectively. An inhibitory effect between the metal species was verified by fitting the modified extended Langmuir isotherm model to the binary equilibrium data, which allowed to predict changes in the surface affinity to the adsorbent by the metal ions. Based on the observed results, the use of SGC650H resin presents great potential for water treatment systems contaminated with heavy metals.
{"title":"Adsorption study of heavy metals in aqueous solutions aiming at the treatment of contaminated groundwater","authors":"S. P. D. Monte Blanco, F. B. Scheufele, A. Módenes, Karise Schneider, A. D. de Oliveira, P. R. Paraíso, R. Bergamasco","doi":"10.1080/10934529.2019.1646086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10934529.2019.1646086","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study evaluates the application of the vegetal activated carbon (AC), vegetable AC impregnated with Ag and Cu (0.08% m/m) and cationic SupergelTM SGC650H resin for adsorption of Fe3+ and Pb2+ ions in closed and batch system. The best adsorption capacities were obtained by using the cationic resin SGC650H, pH 3, temperature of 30 °C and stirring speed of 100 rpm. Thus, the kinetic and equilibrium experiments, in mono- and bicomponent, were performed using SGC650H resin, wherein the kinetic models of pseudo-first and pseudo-second order presented a good fit to the kinetic data, for mono- and bicomponent, respectively. The Langmuir isotherm adequately represented the monocomponent equilibrium data, showing maximum adsorption capacities values of 7.18 and 4.00 meq g−1 for Fe3+ and Pb2+, respectively. An inhibitory effect between the metal species was verified by fitting the modified extended Langmuir isotherm model to the binary equilibrium data, which allowed to predict changes in the surface affinity to the adsorbent by the metal ions. Based on the observed results, the use of SGC650H resin presents great potential for water treatment systems contaminated with heavy metals.","PeriodicalId":15733,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A","volume":"128 8","pages":"1400 - 1411"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91487306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-31DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2019.1642694
S.P. Gcasamba, K. Ramasenya, S. Ekolu, V. Vadapalli
Abstract This paper presents the results of laboratory investigations conducted on gold mine tailings (GMT) to assess their chemical, mineralogical and geotechnical characteristics in view of assessing its suitability as an alternative backfilling solution in mine reclamation. Chemical characterization revealed that GMT is dominated by Si, Al, and Fe with notable amounts of Cr, Zr, Zn, Pb, Ce, As, Ba, Ni, V, Sr, Nd, Cu, U, and Co. Mineralogical characterization revealed a composition of silicate minerals with secondary minerals such as jarosite, goethite and hematite. GMT composites showed improved strength characteristics. The particle sizes of the tailings are capable of producing a good paste fill that will require lower water–cement ratio. Moreover, the plasticity of the tailings provide for a likelihood for shear resistance to sliding in fluvial conditions. Curing and addition of cement showed positive effects on the compressive strength and shear strength of the tailings. However, the effect of curing and cement addition on the compaction characteristics and permeability of the tailings were negligible. GMT showed favorable characteristics for use in mine backfilling; it would be interesting to evaluate higher cement ratios to improve the characteristics of the tailings.
{"title":"A laboratory investigation on the performance of South African acid producing gold mine tailings and its possible use in mine reclamation","authors":"S.P. Gcasamba, K. Ramasenya, S. Ekolu, V. Vadapalli","doi":"10.1080/10934529.2019.1642694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10934529.2019.1642694","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper presents the results of laboratory investigations conducted on gold mine tailings (GMT) to assess their chemical, mineralogical and geotechnical characteristics in view of assessing its suitability as an alternative backfilling solution in mine reclamation. Chemical characterization revealed that GMT is dominated by Si, Al, and Fe with notable amounts of Cr, Zr, Zn, Pb, Ce, As, Ba, Ni, V, Sr, Nd, Cu, U, and Co. Mineralogical characterization revealed a composition of silicate minerals with secondary minerals such as jarosite, goethite and hematite. GMT composites showed improved strength characteristics. The particle sizes of the tailings are capable of producing a good paste fill that will require lower water–cement ratio. Moreover, the plasticity of the tailings provide for a likelihood for shear resistance to sliding in fluvial conditions. Curing and addition of cement showed positive effects on the compressive strength and shear strength of the tailings. However, the effect of curing and cement addition on the compaction characteristics and permeability of the tailings were negligible. GMT showed favorable characteristics for use in mine backfilling; it would be interesting to evaluate higher cement ratios to improve the characteristics of the tailings.","PeriodicalId":15733,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A","volume":"121 1","pages":"1293 - 1301"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78425666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-30DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2019.1647059
H. Ramlow, R. Machado, A. C. K. Bierhalz, C. Marangoni
Abstract This work investigated the influence of dye class on permeate flux and color rejection by comparing direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) and vacuum membrane distillation (VMD) applied to remediation of dyeing wastewater. The same operating system at the feed side was used and the driving force of each configuration was determined. Reactive and disperse dye solutions were considered, and a commercial membrane was employed. Final color rejection > 90.79% was obtained, and water was recovered at the permeate side (final normalized permeate flux up to 38.92 kg m−2day−1kPa−1). VMD showed higher normalized permeate flux when compared to DCMD. However, the performance according to dye class depended on MD configuration. Reactive dye resulted in higher permeate flux than the disperse dye solution in DCMD. Contrarily, disperse dye solution showed higher permeate flux in VMD. The formation of a concentration boundary layer at the permeate membrane interface was suggested with disperse dye solution in DCMD, decreasing thus the driving force. In VMD, the boundary effect is negligible with disperse dye solution. This result implies that the VMD performance in the textile industry may depend more on driving force rather than the dye class of the dyeing bath.
摘要通过比较直接接触膜蒸馏(DCMD)和真空膜蒸馏(VMD)在印染废水修复中的应用，研究了染料种类对渗透通量和去色的影响。在进给侧使用相同的操作系统，并确定了每种配置的驱动力。考虑了活性染料和分散染料溶液，并采用了一种商业膜。最终的阻色率为90.79%，水在渗透侧被回收(最终归一化渗透通量高达38.92 kg m−2day−1kPa−1)。与DCMD相比，VMD具有更高的归一化渗透通量。然而，根据染料类别，性能取决于MD配置。活性染料比分散染料溶液具有更高的渗透通量。相反，分散染料溶液在VMD中表现出更高的渗透通量。分散染料溶液在DCMD中可在渗透膜界面处形成浓度边界层，从而降低了驱动力。在VMD中，分散染料溶液的边界效应可以忽略不计。这一结果表明，纺织行业的VMD性能可能更多地取决于驱动力，而不是染色液的染料类别。
{"title":"Influence of dye class on the comparison of direct contact and vacuum membrane distillation applied to remediation of dyeing wastewater","authors":"H. Ramlow, R. Machado, A. C. K. Bierhalz, C. Marangoni","doi":"10.1080/10934529.2019.1647059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10934529.2019.1647059","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This work investigated the influence of dye class on permeate flux and color rejection by comparing direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) and vacuum membrane distillation (VMD) applied to remediation of dyeing wastewater. The same operating system at the feed side was used and the driving force of each configuration was determined. Reactive and disperse dye solutions were considered, and a commercial membrane was employed. Final color rejection > 90.79% was obtained, and water was recovered at the permeate side (final normalized permeate flux up to 38.92 kg m−2day−1kPa−1). VMD showed higher normalized permeate flux when compared to DCMD. However, the performance according to dye class depended on MD configuration. Reactive dye resulted in higher permeate flux than the disperse dye solution in DCMD. Contrarily, disperse dye solution showed higher permeate flux in VMD. The formation of a concentration boundary layer at the permeate membrane interface was suggested with disperse dye solution in DCMD, decreasing thus the driving force. In VMD, the boundary effect is negligible with disperse dye solution. This result implies that the VMD performance in the textile industry may depend more on driving force rather than the dye class of the dyeing bath.","PeriodicalId":15733,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A","volume":"93 1","pages":"1337 - 1347"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79691448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-25DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2019.1632626
Kamaljeet Kaur, I. C. Jaramillo, R. Mohammadpour, A. Sturrock, H. Ghandehari, Christopher A. Reilly, R. Paine, K. Kelly
Abstract In vitro studies are a first step toward understanding the biological effects of combustion-derived particulate matter (cdPM). A vast majority of studies expose cells to cdPM suspensions, which requires a method to collect cdPM and suspend it in an aqueous media. The consequences of different particle collection methods on particle physiochemical properties and resulting biological responses are not fully understood. This study investigated the effect of two common approaches (collection on a filter and a cold plate) and one relatively new (direct bubbling in DI water) approach to particle collection. The three approaches yielded cdPM with differences in particle size distribution, surface area, composition, and oxidative potential. The directly bubbled sample retained the smallest sized particles and the bimodal distribution observed in the gas-phase. The bubbled sample contained ∼50% of its mass as dissolved species and lower molecular weight compounds, not found in the other two samples. These differences in the cdPM properties affected the biological responses in THP-1 cells. The bubbled sample showed greater oxidative potential and cellular reactive oxygen species. The scraped sample induced the greatest TNFα secretion. These findings have implications for in vitro studies of air pollution and for efforts to better understand the underlying mechanisms.
{"title":"Effect of collection methods on combustion particle physicochemical properties and their biological response in a human macrophage-like cell line","authors":"Kamaljeet Kaur, I. C. Jaramillo, R. Mohammadpour, A. Sturrock, H. Ghandehari, Christopher A. Reilly, R. Paine, K. Kelly","doi":"10.1080/10934529.2019.1632626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10934529.2019.1632626","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In vitro studies are a first step toward understanding the biological effects of combustion-derived particulate matter (cdPM). A vast majority of studies expose cells to cdPM suspensions, which requires a method to collect cdPM and suspend it in an aqueous media. The consequences of different particle collection methods on particle physiochemical properties and resulting biological responses are not fully understood. This study investigated the effect of two common approaches (collection on a filter and a cold plate) and one relatively new (direct bubbling in DI water) approach to particle collection. The three approaches yielded cdPM with differences in particle size distribution, surface area, composition, and oxidative potential. The directly bubbled sample retained the smallest sized particles and the bimodal distribution observed in the gas-phase. The bubbled sample contained ∼50% of its mass as dissolved species and lower molecular weight compounds, not found in the other two samples. These differences in the cdPM properties affected the biological responses in THP-1 cells. The bubbled sample showed greater oxidative potential and cellular reactive oxygen species. The scraped sample induced the greatest TNFα secretion. These findings have implications for in vitro studies of air pollution and for efforts to better understand the underlying mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":15733,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A","volume":"45 1","pages":"1170 - 1185"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88434620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-25DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2019.1644120
S. Zheng, Jiansheng Zhang, J. Mou, Weiyuan Du, Yankun Yu, Liumin Wang
Abstract The resuspension of indoor particulate matters caused by people indoor walking could affect indoor air quality and human health. Therefore, it is particularly important to study the resuspension rules of the particulate matters in different indoor environments. The influence of the ground material and the relative humidity on resuspension of the particulate matters were investigated under three kinds of ground materials and three different relative humidity. Results showed that different relative humidity and different ground materials had different effects on the mass concentration of the particulate matters. In addition, different particle sizes had diverse influence on the mass concentration. Compared with low-level loop pile carpet and shaggy carpet, hardwood floor was more conductive to human health which was less likely to cause the resuspension of the particulate matters. At the same time, relative humidity had a great influence on the resuspension of the particulate matters. With the increase of relative humidity, the resuspension rate of fine particulate matters decreased.
{"title":"The influence of relative humidity and ground material on indoor walking-induced particle resuspension","authors":"S. Zheng, Jiansheng Zhang, J. Mou, Weiyuan Du, Yankun Yu, Liumin Wang","doi":"10.1080/10934529.2019.1644120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10934529.2019.1644120","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The resuspension of indoor particulate matters caused by people indoor walking could affect indoor air quality and human health. Therefore, it is particularly important to study the resuspension rules of the particulate matters in different indoor environments. The influence of the ground material and the relative humidity on resuspension of the particulate matters were investigated under three kinds of ground materials and three different relative humidity. Results showed that different relative humidity and different ground materials had different effects on the mass concentration of the particulate matters. In addition, different particle sizes had diverse influence on the mass concentration. Compared with low-level loop pile carpet and shaggy carpet, hardwood floor was more conductive to human health which was less likely to cause the resuspension of the particulate matters. At the same time, relative humidity had a great influence on the resuspension of the particulate matters. With the increase of relative humidity, the resuspension rate of fine particulate matters decreased.","PeriodicalId":15733,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A","volume":"128 1","pages":"1044 - 1053"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77321975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-22DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2019.1633855
S. Morris, Guiomar Garcia-Cabellos, D. Ryan, D. Enright, A. Enright
Abstract Four low-cost materials, oyster shells, pumice stone, sand and zeolite were employed as adsorbents in an adsorption batch assays investigating the removal of ammonia, phosphate and nitrate from an aqueous solution. These compounds were chosen as they represent typical compounds found in landfill leachate (LFL). Assay performance was evaluated by the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms. The top two materials, oyster shells and pumice stone, were employed as adsorbents in a fixed-bed column trial examining the effect of bed height and flow rate on the treatment of a synthetic LFL. The trial concluded that the highest rates of adsorption were achieved using bed heights of 20 cm with a flow rate of 5 mL min−1. After optimization, the system was employed for the treatment of LFL from Powerstown landfill, Carlow, Ireland. Ammonia and nitrate were effectively removed by both adsorption materials resulting in a reduction of influent ammonia and nitrate concentrations to below the national discharge limits set for these compounds of ≤4 mg L−1 and ≤50 mg L−1, respectively. In contrast, although similar high removal efficiencies were observed for phosphate, these rates were not maintained during the test period with overall results indicating reduced phosphate adsorption in comparison to the other compounds tested.
摘要:采用牡蛎壳、浮石、沙子和沸石四种低成本材料作为吸附剂，对水溶液中氨、磷酸盐和硝酸盐的去除进行了批量吸附试验。选择这些化合物是因为它们代表了垃圾渗滤液(LFL)中发现的典型化合物。采用Langmuir吸附等温线和Freundlich吸附等温线评价分析效果。在固定床柱试验中，以牡蛎壳和浮石为吸附剂，考察了床高和流量对处理合成LFL的影响。试验得出结论，当床高为20 cm，流速为5 mL min - 1时，吸附率最高。经优化后，该系统用于处理爱尔兰卡洛市Powerstown垃圾填埋场的LFL。两种吸附材料都能有效去除氨和硝酸盐，从而将进水氨和硝酸盐浓度分别降至≤4 mg L - 1和≤50 mg L - 1的国家排放限值以下。相比之下，尽管观察到类似的高磷酸盐去除效率，但在测试期间这些速率并没有保持，总体结果表明与其他测试化合物相比，磷酸盐吸附减少。
{"title":"Low-cost physicochemical treatment for removal of ammonia, phosphate and nitrate contaminants from landfill leachate","authors":"S. Morris, Guiomar Garcia-Cabellos, D. Ryan, D. Enright, A. Enright","doi":"10.1080/10934529.2019.1633855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10934529.2019.1633855","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Four low-cost materials, oyster shells, pumice stone, sand and zeolite were employed as adsorbents in an adsorption batch assays investigating the removal of ammonia, phosphate and nitrate from an aqueous solution. These compounds were chosen as they represent typical compounds found in landfill leachate (LFL). Assay performance was evaluated by the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms. The top two materials, oyster shells and pumice stone, were employed as adsorbents in a fixed-bed column trial examining the effect of bed height and flow rate on the treatment of a synthetic LFL. The trial concluded that the highest rates of adsorption were achieved using bed heights of 20 cm with a flow rate of 5 mL min−1. After optimization, the system was employed for the treatment of LFL from Powerstown landfill, Carlow, Ireland. Ammonia and nitrate were effectively removed by both adsorption materials resulting in a reduction of influent ammonia and nitrate concentrations to below the national discharge limits set for these compounds of ≤4 mg L−1 and ≤50 mg L−1, respectively. In contrast, although similar high removal efficiencies were observed for phosphate, these rates were not maintained during the test period with overall results indicating reduced phosphate adsorption in comparison to the other compounds tested.","PeriodicalId":15733,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A","volume":"44 4 1","pages":"1233 - 1244"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76814061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-22DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2019.1640580
Samaneh Nakhaee, Alireza Amirabadizadeh, A. Zarban, Manizhe Nasirizade, Maryam Salmani mood, Homeira Ataei, M. Shariatmadari, J. Brent, O. Mehrpour
Abstract The aim of this study to the estimate the lead concentrations in the blood of the adult population in South Khorasan Province, evaluate factors related to high lead blood concentrations and establish lead reference values (RVs) in our study population. In cross-sectional study, 400 people who lived in the province of South Khorasan in 2017 were selected. Demographic information was collected and clinical examinations were performed. As the geometric means, blood lead concentration (BLC) was expressed, 10th, 50th, 90th, and 95th percentiles, and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of the 95th percentile. The upper limits rounded values of the 95% CI with the 95th percentile were applied to calculate RVs. Mean BLC was 6.02 ± 7.41 µg dL−1, median of BLC was 4.4 µg dL−1 (IQR: 2.9–6.5; range 0.9–54.7 µg dL−1). One hundred and twenty-five (31.2%) participants had BLCs between 5 and 10.0 µg dL−1, 40 (10.0%) between 10 and 20.0 µg dL−1, and 15 (3.8%%) over 20 µg dL−1. The RVs for BLC for men and women were 16 [95% CI: 10.13–15.96] µg dL−1 and 15 [95% CI: 9.81–14.45] µg dL−1, respectively. Higher BLCs were significantly associated with age, gender, hemoglobin, white blood cell count, and serum phosphorus concentration. This bio-monitoring study of BLCs in the general population of South Khorasan Province offers important demographic and lifestyle factors-stratified reference data. It is essential to continue efforts to reduce lead exposure.
{"title":"The reference value of blood lead level among the general adult population of eastern Iran","authors":"Samaneh Nakhaee, Alireza Amirabadizadeh, A. Zarban, Manizhe Nasirizade, Maryam Salmani mood, Homeira Ataei, M. Shariatmadari, J. Brent, O. Mehrpour","doi":"10.1080/10934529.2019.1640580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10934529.2019.1640580","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The aim of this study to the estimate the lead concentrations in the blood of the adult population in South Khorasan Province, evaluate factors related to high lead blood concentrations and establish lead reference values (RVs) in our study population. In cross-sectional study, 400 people who lived in the province of South Khorasan in 2017 were selected. Demographic information was collected and clinical examinations were performed. As the geometric means, blood lead concentration (BLC) was expressed, 10th, 50th, 90th, and 95th percentiles, and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of the 95th percentile. The upper limits rounded values of the 95% CI with the 95th percentile were applied to calculate RVs. Mean BLC was 6.02 ± 7.41 µg dL−1, median of BLC was 4.4 µg dL−1 (IQR: 2.9–6.5; range 0.9–54.7 µg dL−1). One hundred and twenty-five (31.2%) participants had BLCs between 5 and 10.0 µg dL−1, 40 (10.0%) between 10 and 20.0 µg dL−1, and 15 (3.8%%) over 20 µg dL−1. The RVs for BLC for men and women were 16 [95% CI: 10.13–15.96] µg dL−1 and 15 [95% CI: 9.81–14.45] µg dL−1, respectively. Higher BLCs were significantly associated with age, gender, hemoglobin, white blood cell count, and serum phosphorus concentration. This bio-monitoring study of BLCs in the general population of South Khorasan Province offers important demographic and lifestyle factors-stratified reference data. It is essential to continue efforts to reduce lead exposure.","PeriodicalId":15733,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A","volume":"48 1","pages":"1287 - 1292"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79135845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-22DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2019.1643693
Cátia A. L. Graça, M. Maniero, L. M. de Andrade, José Roberto Guimarães, A. C. Teixeira
Abstract The herbicide amicarbazone (AMZ), which appeared as a possible alternative to atrazine, presents moderate environmental persistence and is unlikely to be removed by conventional water treatment techniques. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) driven by •OH and/or SO4•− radicals are then promising alternatives to AMZ-contaminated waters remediation, even though, in some cases, they can originate more toxic degradation products than the parent-compound. Therefore, assessing treated solutions toxicity prior to disposal is of extreme importance. In this study, the toxicity of AMZ solutions, before and after treatment with different •OH-driven and SO4•−-driven AOPs, was evaluated for five different microorganisms: Vibrio fischeri, Chlorella vulgaris, Tetrahymena thermophila, Escherichia coli, and Bacillus subtilis. In general, the toxic response of AMZ was greatly affected by the addition of reactants, especially when persulfate (PS) and/or Fe(III)-carboxylate complexes were added. The modifications of this response after treatment were correlated with AMZ intermediates, which were identified by mass spectrometry. Thus, low molecular weight by-products, resulting from fast degradation kinetics, were associated with increased toxicity to bacteria and trophic effects to microalgae. These observations were compared with toxicological predictions given by a Structure-Activity Relationships software, which revealed to be fairly compatible with our empirical findings.
{"title":"Evaluation of amicarbazone toxicity removal through degradation processes based on hydroxyl and sulfate radicals","authors":"Cátia A. L. Graça, M. Maniero, L. M. de Andrade, José Roberto Guimarães, A. C. Teixeira","doi":"10.1080/10934529.2019.1643693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10934529.2019.1643693","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The herbicide amicarbazone (AMZ), which appeared as a possible alternative to atrazine, presents moderate environmental persistence and is unlikely to be removed by conventional water treatment techniques. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) driven by •OH and/or SO4•− radicals are then promising alternatives to AMZ-contaminated waters remediation, even though, in some cases, they can originate more toxic degradation products than the parent-compound. Therefore, assessing treated solutions toxicity prior to disposal is of extreme importance. In this study, the toxicity of AMZ solutions, before and after treatment with different •OH-driven and SO4•−-driven AOPs, was evaluated for five different microorganisms: Vibrio fischeri, Chlorella vulgaris, Tetrahymena thermophila, Escherichia coli, and Bacillus subtilis. In general, the toxic response of AMZ was greatly affected by the addition of reactants, especially when persulfate (PS) and/or Fe(III)-carboxylate complexes were added. The modifications of this response after treatment were correlated with AMZ intermediates, which were identified by mass spectrometry. Thus, low molecular weight by-products, resulting from fast degradation kinetics, were associated with increased toxicity to bacteria and trophic effects to microalgae. These observations were compared with toxicological predictions given by a Structure-Activity Relationships software, which revealed to be fairly compatible with our empirical findings.","PeriodicalId":15733,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A","volume":"55 1","pages":"1126 - 1143"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90882190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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