Pub Date : 2023-04-30DOI: 10.18006/2023.11(2).280.289
Hatsadong Chanthanousone, T. T. Phan, Co Quang Nguyen, The Dieu Thi Nguyen, Hien T T Pham, H. Truong
The non-edible parts of Moringa oleifera, such as stems, branches or leaf petioles, have often been discarded while the leaves are consumed as a vegetable or are used to produce organic fertilizer. This study aimed to determine the optimal conditions for producing Moringa organic fertilizer (MOF) from previously unused parts and to compare these fertilizers with cow manure and bio-organic fertilizer. Seventy kilograms of the unused Moringa parts were blended with fifty kilograms of manure, 0.2 kilogram of Trichoderma-based product and two kilograms of superphosphate. The mixture was incubated at different intervals, including 5, 7 or 9 weeks. Next, the effects of MOF on the growth, yield, ascorbic acid content and Brix of lettuce and mustard spinach were also determined and compared with other organic fertilizers (cow manure and bio-organic fertilizer). Results of the study revealed that 25 tons per ha of MOF were significantly superior to those treated with cow manure and bio-organic fertilizer in the case of vegetable yields. Further, 7 weeks of MOF incubation was found suitable to produce an optimal yield during the various incubation period. These results suggested that the Moringa non-edible parts can make organic fertilizer and enhance growth, yield, and leafy vegetable production.
{"title":"Influence of biofertilizer produced using drumstick (Moringa oleifera L.) unused parts on the growth performance of two leafy vegetables","authors":"Hatsadong Chanthanousone, T. T. Phan, Co Quang Nguyen, The Dieu Thi Nguyen, Hien T T Pham, H. Truong","doi":"10.18006/2023.11(2).280.289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18006/2023.11(2).280.289","url":null,"abstract":"The non-edible parts of Moringa oleifera, such as stems, branches or leaf petioles, have often been discarded while the leaves are consumed as a vegetable or are used to produce organic fertilizer. This study aimed to determine the optimal conditions for producing Moringa organic fertilizer (MOF) from previously unused parts and to compare these fertilizers with cow manure and bio-organic fertilizer. Seventy kilograms of the unused Moringa parts were blended with fifty kilograms of manure, 0.2 kilogram of Trichoderma-based product and two kilograms of superphosphate. The mixture was incubated at different intervals, including 5, 7 or 9 weeks. Next, the effects of MOF on the growth, yield, ascorbic acid content and Brix of lettuce and mustard spinach were also determined and compared with other organic fertilizers (cow manure and bio-organic fertilizer). Results of the study revealed that 25 tons per ha of MOF were significantly superior to those treated with cow manure and bio-organic fertilizer in the case of vegetable yields. Further, 7 weeks of MOF incubation was found suitable to produce an optimal yield during the various incubation period. These results suggested that the Moringa non-edible parts can make organic fertilizer and enhance growth, yield, and leafy vegetable production.","PeriodicalId":15766,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42173047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-30DOI: 10.18006/2023.11(2).264.279
Athira Rajan, Devika V M, Aysha Shabana, Nayana Krishnan, Krishnapriya N Anil, Rohith Krishnan, Baby Shajini Y, Bhadra S Dev, A. J, M. S, Amrithendhu V R, Sandip Chakraborty, Hitesh Chopra, A. Dey, A. Sharma, K. Dhama, Deepak Chandran
When it comes to food and fiber production, flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) has been around the longest. Oil makes up over 41% of a flaxseed's total weight; of that, more than 70% is polyunsaturated. Protein, dietary fiber, α-linolenic acid (ALA), flaxseed gum, and many other beneficial compounds are abundant in flaxseed meal (FSM). There is as much as 30% crude protein in FSM. Therefore, FSM can serve as a source of excellent protein for livestock. FSM increases the efficiency and effectiveness of livestock and poultry farming. FSM can be used as an essential protein feed component in cattle and poultry farming, boosting production and profitability. Because it contains anti-nutritional ingredients such as cyanogenic glycosides, tannins, phytic acid, oxalic acid and an anti-vitamin B6 factor, the use of FSM in livestock and poultry diets is restricted. Animal nutritionists have recently shown a growing interest in reducing anti-nutritional elements and boosting FSM's nutritional value. Recently, fermented FSM has been used to feed cattle and poultry; hence its dietary benefits have not yet been fully assessed. The present article, therefore, addresses the chemical make-up, bioactive components, anti-nutritional aspects, and positive impacts of FSM in livestock and poultry production.
{"title":"Positive impacts of integrating flaxseed meal as a potential feed supplement in livestock and poultry production: Present scientific understanding","authors":"Athira Rajan, Devika V M, Aysha Shabana, Nayana Krishnan, Krishnapriya N Anil, Rohith Krishnan, Baby Shajini Y, Bhadra S Dev, A. J, M. S, Amrithendhu V R, Sandip Chakraborty, Hitesh Chopra, A. Dey, A. Sharma, K. Dhama, Deepak Chandran","doi":"10.18006/2023.11(2).264.279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18006/2023.11(2).264.279","url":null,"abstract":"When it comes to food and fiber production, flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) has been around the longest. Oil makes up over 41% of a flaxseed's total weight; of that, more than 70% is polyunsaturated. Protein, dietary fiber, α-linolenic acid (ALA), flaxseed gum, and many other beneficial compounds are abundant in flaxseed meal (FSM). There is as much as 30% crude protein in FSM. Therefore, FSM can serve as a source of excellent protein for livestock. FSM increases the efficiency and effectiveness of livestock and poultry farming. FSM can be used as an essential protein feed component in cattle and poultry farming, boosting production and profitability. Because it contains anti-nutritional ingredients such as cyanogenic glycosides, tannins, phytic acid, oxalic acid and an anti-vitamin B6 factor, the use of FSM in livestock and poultry diets is restricted. Animal nutritionists have recently shown a growing interest in reducing anti-nutritional elements and boosting FSM's nutritional value. Recently, fermented FSM has been used to feed cattle and poultry; hence its dietary benefits have not yet been fully assessed. The present article, therefore, addresses the chemical make-up, bioactive components, anti-nutritional aspects, and positive impacts of FSM in livestock and poultry production.","PeriodicalId":15766,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45113142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-30DOI: 10.18006/2023.11(2).236.250
S. S, Vasukhi S M, Shreya Ramesh, Rajakumari R, Abhijith A S, A. S, Gautam Prakash, Raida, Abhirami V Nair, Aishwarya Prashanth, P. M, Sandip Chakraborty, Hitesh Chopra, A. Dey, A. Sharma, K. Dhama, Deepak Chandran
For over five thousand years, people in Asia and Africa have known about the health benefits of camel milk. Thus, it is used not only as a food source but also as a medicine. The similarities between camel milk and human milk have been scientifically proven. Camel milk is unique among ruminant milk because it is high in vitamins C and E and low in sugar and cholesterol. Still, it contains a wide variety of beneficial minerals (including sodium, potassium, iron, copper, zinc, and magnesium), besides being rich in several nutrients, including monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, serum albumin, lactoferrin, immunoglobulins, lysozyme and the hormone insulin. Because of these components, many medical professionals now recommend camel milk as a treatment for various human ailments. It has been demonstrated to be effective in treating gastrointestinal issues, Type 1 diabetes, and food allergies. As a bonus, camel milk has been utilized to cure autism, lower cholesterol, prevent psoriasis, heal inflammation, aid tuberculosis patients, boost the body's natural defences, and impede the spread of cancer cells. Those who have problems digesting lactose may still be able to tolerate it. Conversely, camel milk can also help reduce an excessively high bilirubin, globulin, and granulocyte count. Drinking camel milk does not affect the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, hemoglobin concentration, and leukocyte count. The proteins in camel milk have an adequate ratio of critical amino acids. Immunoglobulins, which fight disease, are contained inside, and their small size allows antigens to penetrate and boosts the immune system's efficacy. This article highlights the health benefits and medicinal uses of camel milk.
{"title":"Prospective nutritional, therapeutic, and dietary benefits of camel milk making it a viable option for human consumption: Current state of scientific knowledge","authors":"S. S, Vasukhi S M, Shreya Ramesh, Rajakumari R, Abhijith A S, A. S, Gautam Prakash, Raida, Abhirami V Nair, Aishwarya Prashanth, P. M, Sandip Chakraborty, Hitesh Chopra, A. Dey, A. Sharma, K. Dhama, Deepak Chandran","doi":"10.18006/2023.11(2).236.250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18006/2023.11(2).236.250","url":null,"abstract":"For over five thousand years, people in Asia and Africa have known about the health benefits of camel milk. Thus, it is used not only as a food source but also as a medicine. The similarities between camel milk and human milk have been scientifically proven. Camel milk is unique among ruminant milk because it is high in vitamins C and E and low in sugar and cholesterol. Still, it contains a wide variety of beneficial minerals (including sodium, potassium, iron, copper, zinc, and magnesium), besides being rich in several nutrients, including monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, serum albumin, lactoferrin, immunoglobulins, lysozyme and the hormone insulin. Because of these components, many medical professionals now recommend camel milk as a treatment for various human ailments. It has been demonstrated to be effective in treating gastrointestinal issues, Type 1 diabetes, and food allergies. As a bonus, camel milk has been utilized to cure autism, lower cholesterol, prevent psoriasis, heal inflammation, aid tuberculosis patients, boost the body's natural defences, and impede the spread of cancer cells. Those who have problems digesting lactose may still be able to tolerate it. Conversely, camel milk can also help reduce an excessively high bilirubin, globulin, and granulocyte count. Drinking camel milk does not affect the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, hemoglobin concentration, and leukocyte count. The proteins in camel milk have an adequate ratio of critical amino acids. Immunoglobulins, which fight disease, are contained inside, and their small size allows antigens to penetrate and boosts the immune system's efficacy. This article highlights the health benefits and medicinal uses of camel milk.","PeriodicalId":15766,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43858017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sustainable Agriculture is rapidly emerging as an important discipline to meet societal needs for food and other resources by adopting paradigms of conserving natural resources while maximizing productivity benefits. This paper proposes an integrative methodological approach for critically analyzing Precision Farming (PF) paradigms and Zero Budget Natural Farming (ZBNF), providing sustainable farming solutions and achieving productivity and profitability. This paper analyses the productivity of crops in PF using various machine learning (ML) algorithms based on different soil and climatic factors to identify sustainable agricultural practices for maximizing crop production and generating recommendations for the farmers. When implemented on the collected dataset from various Indian states, the Random Forest (RF) model produced the best results with an AUC-ROC of 95.7%. The Juxtaposition of ZBNF and non-ZBNF is evinced. ZBNF is statistically (p<0.05) observed to be a cost-efficient and more profitable alternative. The impact of ZBNF on soil microbial diversity and micro-nutrients is also discussed.
{"title":"An Integrative Approach Towards Recommending Farming Solutions for Sustainable Agriculture","authors":"Veena Ghuriani, Jyotsna Talreja Wassan, Pragya Deolal, Vidushi Sharma, Dimpy Dalal, A. Goyal","doi":"10.18006/2023.11(2).306.315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18006/2023.11(2).306.315","url":null,"abstract":"Sustainable Agriculture is rapidly emerging as an important discipline to meet societal needs for food and other resources by adopting paradigms of conserving natural resources while maximizing productivity benefits. This paper proposes an integrative methodological approach for critically analyzing Precision Farming (PF) paradigms and Zero Budget Natural Farming (ZBNF), providing sustainable farming solutions and achieving productivity and profitability. This paper analyses the productivity of crops in PF using various machine learning (ML) algorithms based on different soil and climatic factors to identify sustainable agricultural practices for maximizing crop production and generating recommendations for the farmers. When implemented on the collected dataset from various Indian states, the Random Forest (RF) model produced the best results with an AUC-ROC of 95.7%. The Juxtaposition of ZBNF and non-ZBNF is evinced. ZBNF is statistically (p<0.05) observed to be a cost-efficient and more profitable alternative. The impact of ZBNF on soil microbial diversity and micro-nutrients is also discussed.","PeriodicalId":15766,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41744410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-30DOI: 10.18006/2023.11(2).351.358
H. Minh, Ngo Duy Thai, Tran Vu Anh Khoa, Nguyen Thi Ngoc Thao, J. Sichaem
Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) has the potential to replace traditional plastics and limit environmental pollution caused by plastic waste. This study combined wastewater treatment with PHB production to reduce costs. Bacteria capable of synthesizing PHB were isolated from paper mill wastewater and identified using Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization–Time of Flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry and 16S rRNA gene analysis. Bacillus pumilus NMG5 strain was found to have a good yield in modified Nutrient Broth culture, reaching 42.28% of dry biomass. The PHB product was analyzed using FTIR spectroscopy and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The bacterial strain was also tested for its ability to treat paper mill wastewater, and it showed impressive results in terms of biochemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen, and total phosphorus, with efficiencies of 95.93%, 79.36%, and 83.55%, respectively. The study found that wastewater treatment combined with PHB production was a promising solution to reduce costs and limit environmental pollution. The bacterial strain B. pumilus NMG5 had a high yield of PHB, and the PHB product was of high quality, as confirmed by FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopy. Furthermore, the bacterial strain showed impressive results in treating paper mill wastewater with high COD, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus efficiencies. These results suggest that this harmless bacterium could be used in paper mill wastewater treatment systems to produce PHB, providing a sustainable and environmentally friendly solution.
{"title":"Isolation and production of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) from Bacillus pumilus NMG5 strain for bioplastic production and treatment of wastewater from paper factories","authors":"H. Minh, Ngo Duy Thai, Tran Vu Anh Khoa, Nguyen Thi Ngoc Thao, J. Sichaem","doi":"10.18006/2023.11(2).351.358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18006/2023.11(2).351.358","url":null,"abstract":"Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) has the potential to replace traditional plastics and limit environmental pollution caused by plastic waste. This study combined wastewater treatment with PHB production to reduce costs. Bacteria capable of synthesizing PHB were isolated from paper mill wastewater and identified using Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization–Time of Flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry and 16S rRNA gene analysis. Bacillus pumilus NMG5 strain was found to have a good yield in modified Nutrient Broth culture, reaching 42.28% of dry biomass. The PHB product was analyzed using FTIR spectroscopy and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The bacterial strain was also tested for its ability to treat paper mill wastewater, and it showed impressive results in terms of biochemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen, and total phosphorus, with efficiencies of 95.93%, 79.36%, and 83.55%, respectively. The study found that wastewater treatment combined with PHB production was a promising solution to reduce costs and limit environmental pollution. The bacterial strain B. pumilus NMG5 had a high yield of PHB, and the PHB product was of high quality, as confirmed by FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopy. Furthermore, the bacterial strain showed impressive results in treating paper mill wastewater with high COD, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus efficiencies. These results suggest that this harmless bacterium could be used in paper mill wastewater treatment systems to produce PHB, providing a sustainable and environmentally friendly solution.","PeriodicalId":15766,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49154695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-30DOI: 10.18006/2023.11(2).339.350
N. Bellemjid, A. Moussaif, M. El Mzibri, A. Mesfioui, A. Iddar
The fungicide carbendazim (CBZ) is not approved for agricultural uses in some countries but is still used by many farmers due to its effectiveness. For this reason, in previous work of the same authors, they developed a competitive enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) using rabbit polyclonal antibodies to detect CBZ. This study aimed to validate this in-house ELISA after extraction with methanol for CBZ analysis in tomato samples, and the results were compared with the conventional high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method after QuEChERS extraction. The results showed that both ELISA and HPLC methods have good repeatability, reproducibility and high precision with a good variation verified by principal components analysis (PCA). ANOVA tested the detection limit (LOD), and quantification limit (LOQ), and the values for ELISA (LOD = 0.026± 0.001 µg/L and LOQ = 0.083 ± 0.003 µg/L) were significantly lower than those obtained by HPLC (LOD = 0.61 ± 0.02 µg/L and LOQ = 1.85 ± 0.07 µg/L). ELISA and HPLC were used for analyzing CBZ in 100 Moroccan tomato samples. These two methods detected the presence of CBZ above the Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) level in 9 samples. However, the presence of the CBZ was detected in the 79 samples by ELISA and quantified in 66 samples. In contrast, the presence of CBZ was detected in 57 and quantified in 35 samples by HPLC. These results showed that the ELISA system coupled with a simple methanol extraction is much more sensitive than HPLC after QuEChERS extraction.
{"title":"Determination of carbendazim residues in Moroccan tomato samples using local enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and comparison with liquid chromatography","authors":"N. Bellemjid, A. Moussaif, M. El Mzibri, A. Mesfioui, A. Iddar","doi":"10.18006/2023.11(2).339.350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18006/2023.11(2).339.350","url":null,"abstract":"The fungicide carbendazim (CBZ) is not approved for agricultural uses in some countries but is still used by many farmers due to its effectiveness. For this reason, in previous work of the same authors, they developed a competitive enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) using rabbit polyclonal antibodies to detect CBZ. This study aimed to validate this in-house ELISA after extraction with methanol for CBZ analysis in tomato samples, and the results were compared with the conventional high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method after QuEChERS extraction. The results showed that both ELISA and HPLC methods have good repeatability, reproducibility and high precision with a good variation verified by principal components analysis (PCA). ANOVA tested the detection limit (LOD), and quantification limit (LOQ), and the values for ELISA (LOD = 0.026± 0.001 µg/L and LOQ = 0.083 ± 0.003 µg/L) were significantly lower than those obtained by HPLC (LOD = 0.61 ± 0.02 µg/L and LOQ = 1.85 ± 0.07 µg/L). ELISA and HPLC were used for analyzing CBZ in 100 Moroccan tomato samples. These two methods detected the presence of CBZ above the Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) level in 9 samples. However, the presence of the CBZ was detected in the 79 samples by ELISA and quantified in 66 samples. In contrast, the presence of CBZ was detected in 57 and quantified in 35 samples by HPLC. These results showed that the ELISA system coupled with a simple methanol extraction is much more sensitive than HPLC after QuEChERS extraction.","PeriodicalId":15766,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48516056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-30DOI: 10.18006/2023.11(2).251.263
Deepa P R, Divya Dharshini C S, Bhadra S Dev, Jyotika Jayan, Harisankaran P S, N. Rajan, Karthik S, Nandhana J P, Athulya K G, P. M, Sandip Chakraborty, Hitesh Chopra, A. Dey, A. Sharma, K. Dhama, Deepak Chandran
Milk and milk derivatives are widely consumed because of their high nutritional density. Donkey milk and milk products have been consumed since ancient times. The use of donkey milk in the human diet is gaining popularity. The abundance of antibacterial components and protective elements in donkey milk sets it apart from the milk of other animals. Like human milk, donkey milk has low fat, high lactose, and low casein/whey protein ratio. Donkey milk whey protein's anti-proliferative properties imply lung cancer treatment. Alpha-lactalbumin, a type of protein, has been found to have antiviral, anticancer, and anti-stress properties. Donkey milk, like human milk, includes a low amount of casein and a smaller quantity of beta-lactoglobulin than cow milk. Donkey milk is an alternative for newborns with cow milk protein allergy and lactose intolerance since it has a higher amount of lactose, improves palatability, and prevents allergies. Osteogenesis, arteriosclerosis therapy, cardiac rehabilitation, accelerated aging, and hypocholesterolemic diets are some areas where donkey milk is beneficial. Since it contains probiotic lactobacilli strains, fermented beverages can be made with donkey milk. Donkey milk moisturizes skin due to its high vitamin, mineral, and polyunsaturated fatty acid content. The chemical makeup and potential therapeutic benefits of donkey milk warrant additional research. This has led to a rise in interest in producing dairy goods derived from donkey milk. Donkey milk has been used to make cheese, ice cream, milk powder, and even some experimental useful fermented drinks. The present article summarises what we know about donkey milk's chemical makeup, biological functions, nutritional worth, and possible human health benefits.
{"title":"Donkey milk: chemical make-up, biochemical features, nutritional worth, and possible human health benefits - Current state of scientific knowledge","authors":"Deepa P R, Divya Dharshini C S, Bhadra S Dev, Jyotika Jayan, Harisankaran P S, N. Rajan, Karthik S, Nandhana J P, Athulya K G, P. M, Sandip Chakraborty, Hitesh Chopra, A. Dey, A. Sharma, K. Dhama, Deepak Chandran","doi":"10.18006/2023.11(2).251.263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18006/2023.11(2).251.263","url":null,"abstract":"Milk and milk derivatives are widely consumed because of their high nutritional density. Donkey milk and milk products have been consumed since ancient times. The use of donkey milk in the human diet is gaining popularity. The abundance of antibacterial components and protective elements in donkey milk sets it apart from the milk of other animals. Like human milk, donkey milk has low fat, high lactose, and low casein/whey protein ratio. Donkey milk whey protein's anti-proliferative properties imply lung cancer treatment. Alpha-lactalbumin, a type of protein, has been found to have antiviral, anticancer, and anti-stress properties. Donkey milk, like human milk, includes a low amount of casein and a smaller quantity of beta-lactoglobulin than cow milk. Donkey milk is an alternative for newborns with cow milk protein allergy and lactose intolerance since it has a higher amount of lactose, improves palatability, and prevents allergies. Osteogenesis, arteriosclerosis therapy, cardiac rehabilitation, accelerated aging, and hypocholesterolemic diets are some areas where donkey milk is beneficial. Since it contains probiotic lactobacilli strains, fermented beverages can be made with donkey milk. Donkey milk moisturizes skin due to its high vitamin, mineral, and polyunsaturated fatty acid content. The chemical makeup and potential therapeutic benefits of donkey milk warrant additional research. This has led to a rise in interest in producing dairy goods derived from donkey milk. Donkey milk has been used to make cheese, ice cream, milk powder, and even some experimental useful fermented drinks. The present article summarises what we know about donkey milk's chemical makeup, biological functions, nutritional worth, and possible human health benefits.","PeriodicalId":15766,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45066766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-30DOI: 10.18006/2023.11(2).325.338
Sushan Chowhan, Majharul Islam, M. Rana, Nazmul Alam Khan, Md. Khan Jahan Ali, Nasir Uddin Ahmed, M. Rahman
Mustard is Bangladesh's leading oil crop, produced only during the winter (rabi) season. The sowing date is a key factor determining mustard's optimum growth and development. Because of global warming, gradual changes in season and weather parameters over time is creating a challenge in mustard cultivation. Thus, the present investigation assessed the role of different planting dates on several modern mustard varieties to disclose the optimum growth indicators necessary for elevated biological yield (BY) and harvest index (HI). Three planting times, viz. 31st October (D1), 10th November (D2), 20th November (D3) and six varieties viz. Binasarisha-4 (V1), Binasarisha-9 (V2), Binasarisha-10 (V3), BARI Sarisha-14 (V4), BARI Sarisha-16 (V5), BARI Sarisha-17 (V6) were put on a replicated factorial randomized complete block design (RCBD) during rabi 2019 at BINA Sub-station farm, Magura. At the final harvest stage, outcomes depicted that highest and lowest total dry mass (g/plant) was produced by treatment D3× V5 (64.03) and D1× V1 (15.34), maximum and minimum absolute growth rate (mg/plant/day) by D1× V5 (2389.10) and D2× V1 (184.50), most and least relative growth rate (mg/g/day) in D1× V4 (53.34) and D2× V1 (3.55), maximum and least crop growth rate (g/m2/day) with D1× V3 (55.60) and D3× V4 (20.04). BY was the peak (8.13, 8.71, 8.77 t/ha) under all plantings (D1, D2, D3) with V5 variety, but HI (44.96%) was most in variety V4 with D2 sowing. Therefore, correlation studies showed a significant positive relationship between biological yield and harvest index. Overall, BARI Sarisha-16 performed well in all three sowing times, and remarkably, BY was rising with delayed planting in the case of Binasarisha-9, Binasarisha-10, and BARI Sarisha-14. This implies that delayed planting might not hamper yield but boost yield to some extent.
{"title":"Growth and development patterns in Mustard (Brassica spp.) as influenced by sowing time","authors":"Sushan Chowhan, Majharul Islam, M. Rana, Nazmul Alam Khan, Md. Khan Jahan Ali, Nasir Uddin Ahmed, M. Rahman","doi":"10.18006/2023.11(2).325.338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18006/2023.11(2).325.338","url":null,"abstract":"Mustard is Bangladesh's leading oil crop, produced only during the winter (rabi) season. The sowing date is a key factor determining mustard's optimum growth and development. Because of global warming, gradual changes in season and weather parameters over time is creating a challenge in mustard cultivation. Thus, the present investigation assessed the role of different planting dates on several modern mustard varieties to disclose the optimum growth indicators necessary for elevated biological yield (BY) and harvest index (HI). Three planting times, viz. 31st October (D1), 10th November (D2), 20th November (D3) and six varieties viz. Binasarisha-4 (V1), Binasarisha-9 (V2), Binasarisha-10 (V3), BARI Sarisha-14 (V4), BARI Sarisha-16 (V5), BARI Sarisha-17 (V6) were put on a replicated factorial randomized complete block design (RCBD) during rabi 2019 at BINA Sub-station farm, Magura. At the final harvest stage, outcomes depicted that highest and lowest total dry mass (g/plant) was produced by treatment D3× V5 (64.03) and D1× V1 (15.34), maximum and minimum absolute growth rate (mg/plant/day) by D1× V5 (2389.10) and D2× V1 (184.50), most and least relative growth rate (mg/g/day) in D1× V4 (53.34) and D2× V1 (3.55), maximum and least crop growth rate (g/m2/day) with D1× V3 (55.60) and D3× V4 (20.04). BY was the peak (8.13, 8.71, 8.77 t/ha) under all plantings (D1, D2, D3) with V5 variety, but HI (44.96%) was most in variety V4 with D2 sowing. Therefore, correlation studies showed a significant positive relationship between biological yield and harvest index. Overall, BARI Sarisha-16 performed well in all three sowing times, and remarkably, BY was rising with delayed planting in the case of Binasarisha-9, Binasarisha-10, and BARI Sarisha-14. This implies that delayed planting might not hamper yield but boost yield to some extent.","PeriodicalId":15766,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43998113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-30DOI: 10.18006/2023.11(2).394.404
Nurul Syuhada Haji Baharudin, H. Ahmad
Rice fields are one of the agricultural sectors in Malaysia that are heavily pesticide-treated. This study aimed to determine how carbofuran degrades in paddy water and how carbofuran metabolites such as carbofuran-phenol and 3-keto carbofuran reacted during the degradation. The experiment was conducted in two distinct conditions: the first water sample was exposed to sunlight, while the second water sample remained in the dark. During the 56 days of observation, the study discovered carbofuran decomposed slowly in both conditions. The water sample exposed to sunlight showed a faster degradation rate (0.04/day carbofuran) than the water kept in the dark (0.0186/day). The results also demonstrated that photolysis and hydrolysis enhanced the carbofuran degradation in the water. Both 3-keto carbofuran and carbofuran-phenol were detected as metabolites with low concentration levels, ranging from 0.03±0.301 to 0.23±0.142 ppm. These metabolites are considered 'emerging pollutants' as they can be detected in the environment and may post-treat as much as the parent compounds themselves. Hence, this study is trying to fill the research gap to assess the route and rate of carbofuran and its transformation products.
{"title":"A Study of the Photodegradation Carbofuran and its Metabolites in Paddy Water Samples","authors":"Nurul Syuhada Haji Baharudin, H. Ahmad","doi":"10.18006/2023.11(2).394.404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18006/2023.11(2).394.404","url":null,"abstract":"Rice fields are one of the agricultural sectors in Malaysia that are heavily pesticide-treated. This study aimed to determine how carbofuran degrades in paddy water and how carbofuran metabolites such as carbofuran-phenol and 3-keto carbofuran reacted during the degradation. The experiment was conducted in two distinct conditions: the first water sample was exposed to sunlight, while the second water sample remained in the dark. During the 56 days of observation, the study discovered carbofuran decomposed slowly in both conditions. The water sample exposed to sunlight showed a faster degradation rate (0.04/day carbofuran) than the water kept in the dark (0.0186/day). The results also demonstrated that photolysis and hydrolysis enhanced the carbofuran degradation in the water. Both 3-keto carbofuran and carbofuran-phenol were detected as metabolites with low concentration levels, ranging from 0.03±0.301 to 0.23±0.142 ppm. These metabolites are considered 'emerging pollutants' as they can be detected in the environment and may post-treat as much as the parent compounds themselves. Hence, this study is trying to fill the research gap to assess the route and rate of carbofuran and its transformation products.\u0000 \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":15766,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47235086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-30DOI: 10.18006/2023.11(2).423.435
Yen Nguyen Thi Hai, Quang Ngo Xuan, Trong Nguyen Dinh, Phat Do Tien, Mau Chu Hoang
Genus Paphiopedilum has species having lovely flowers which are incredibly attractive to everyone. Their ornamental and commercial value caused over-collection and illegal poaching and trade. Due to these reasons, nowadays, the Venus slipper orchids are facing to deplete in nature. Therefore, it is important to consider these species conservation. Mainly, it is necessary to prioritize the identification and phylogenetic analysis methods of the genus Paphiopedilum which includes many species with similar morphological characteristics. Consequently, it isn't easy to distinguish the identical species of this genus when the plants are young or not yet fully flowering. Therefore, this study aimed to distinguish two Paphiopedilum species, i.e. P. hangianum and P. emersonii, which have similar morphological characteristics, through comparative morphological analysis and differences in DNA barcoding sequences. To solve the problem associated with species identifications, a morphological comparison table was created with the four DNA sequence markers matK, rbcL, rpoC1 and trnH-psbA. The results of the morphological analysis showed that P. hangianum and P. emersonii are significantly different from each other in the flower's characteristics. While the difference in leaf morphology of both selected species is found very little, it is also distinguishable upon careful comparison. Moreover, the DNA barcoding indicator gave accurate and rapid distinctions between the two species, even when the plants are young or without flowers. Furthermore, this DNA barcoding can establish an evolutionary relationship between the two selected species and the other species of the genus Paphiopedilum. The results of this study also suggested that the indicator trnH-psbA is a suitable marker for distinguishing these two species and can be applied for the phylogenetic analysis of the genus Paphiopedilum in Vietnam.
{"title":"Morphology and DNA marker for distinguishing Paphiopedilum hangianum and Paphiopedilum emersonii from Vietnam","authors":"Yen Nguyen Thi Hai, Quang Ngo Xuan, Trong Nguyen Dinh, Phat Do Tien, Mau Chu Hoang","doi":"10.18006/2023.11(2).423.435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18006/2023.11(2).423.435","url":null,"abstract":"Genus Paphiopedilum has species having lovely flowers which are incredibly attractive to everyone. Their ornamental and commercial value caused over-collection and illegal poaching and trade. Due to these reasons, nowadays, the Venus slipper orchids are facing to deplete in nature. Therefore, it is important to consider these species conservation. Mainly, it is necessary to prioritize the identification and phylogenetic analysis methods of the genus Paphiopedilum which includes many species with similar morphological characteristics. Consequently, it isn't easy to distinguish the identical species of this genus when the plants are young or not yet fully flowering. Therefore, this study aimed to distinguish two Paphiopedilum species, i.e. P. hangianum and P. emersonii, which have similar morphological characteristics, through comparative morphological analysis and differences in DNA barcoding sequences. To solve the problem associated with species identifications, a morphological comparison table was created with the four DNA sequence markers matK, rbcL, rpoC1 and trnH-psbA. The results of the morphological analysis showed that P. hangianum and P. emersonii are significantly different from each other in the flower's characteristics. While the difference in leaf morphology of both selected species is found very little, it is also distinguishable upon careful comparison. Moreover, the DNA barcoding indicator gave accurate and rapid distinctions between the two species, even when the plants are young or without flowers. Furthermore, this DNA barcoding can establish an evolutionary relationship between the two selected species and the other species of the genus Paphiopedilum. The results of this study also suggested that the indicator trnH-psbA is a suitable marker for distinguishing these two species and can be applied for the phylogenetic analysis of the genus Paphiopedilum in Vietnam.","PeriodicalId":15766,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47584798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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