Journal of Equine Veterinary Science最新文献

英文中文

Cortisol concentrations in substance use disorder patients undergoing short-term psychotherapy incorporating equine interaction compared to cognitive behavioral therapy: A preliminary study 与认知行为疗法相比，药物使用障碍患者在接受马匹互动短期心理疗法时的皮质醇浓度：初步研究。

IF 1.3 3区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science

Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2024.105208

Psychotherapy incorporating equine interaction (PIE) is emerging as an effective supplemental substance use disorder (SUD) treatment. Benefits are attributed to decreased stress levels associated with the presence of the horse, however, research concerning stress parameters related to short-term equine interaction during SUD treatment is limited. Therefore, the purpose of this preliminary study was to investigate cortisol concentrations in SUD patients participating in PIE for two weeks compared with those in traditional cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). Salivary cortisol samples were collected from two populations of SUD patients: 1) PIE participants (n = 18) and 2) CBT participants (n = 5). The impacts of the therapy type and the week of sampling were analyzed using a mixed linear model in SAS. Significance level was set at P ≤ 0.05. When comparing PIE to CBT, no impact associated with therapy type was determined (P = 0.74). Cortisol concentrations lacked significant changes during the two-week period for both therapeutic interventions. While short-term intervention lacked improvement in cortisol levels for both therapy types, further research is warranted to determine the most effective approach and duration of therapy.

结合马匹互动（PIE）的心理疗法正在成为一种有效的药物使用障碍（SUD）辅助治疗方法。马的存在降低了患者的压力水平，从而为患者带来了益处，然而，有关在 SUD 治疗期间与马进行短期互动的压力参数的研究却十分有限。因此，本初步研究的目的是调查参与 PIE 两周治疗的 SUD 患者的皮质醇浓度，并与接受传统认知行为疗法 (CBT) 的患者进行比较。本研究收集了两类 SUD 患者的唾液皮质醇样本：1）PIE 参与者（18 人）；2）CBT 参与者（5 人）。使用 SAS 中的混合线性模型分析了治疗类型和采样周的影响。显著性水平设定为 P ≤ 0.05。在比较 PIE 和 CBT 时，没有发现治疗类型的影响（P = 0.74）。在为期两周的治疗干预中，皮质醇浓度均无明显变化。虽然短期干预对两种疗法的皮质醇水平均无改善，但仍需进一步研究，以确定最有效的方法和治疗持续时间。

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引用次数: 0

Pedigree tracing to determine the origins of the modern Palomino Horse Breeders of America stock-type horse 通过血统追踪，确定现代美国帕洛米诺马饲养者协会（Palomino Horse Breeders of America）畜牧型马的起源。

IF 1.3 3区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science

Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2024.105209

Registration numbers for the Palomino Horse Breeders of America (PHBA) have risen with the assistance of new registration guidelines. These changes in guidelines allowed for registration of any horse with a palomino body color, including those with unknown pedigrees. While this promoted registry growth, documenting the breed's orgins from those known pedigrees making up the breed's foundation is important with the introduction of unknown pedigrees. This can be accomplished using pedigree tracing, which is of particular value for color registries as the study of coat color patterns is plagued with misunderstandings due to pedigrees with inaccurate color designations. Thus, the objective of this study was to develop an understanding of the historical origins of the modern PHBA stock-type horse through pedigree tracing. Horses (n = 460) were randomly sampled from published entries from 10 years (2012-2022) of the PHBA World Show Championship Horse Show. The All-Breed Database was utilized to obtain documentation of extended pedigrees that included uninterrupted generation-to-generation inheritance patterns of a cream dilution allele-influenced coat color. Pedigrees were traced back to the earliest recorded relative. We observed six foundation sires contributed to the modern PHBA stock-type horse with the majority (58%) tracing back to a sire named Old Fred. Two identified sires, Yellow Jacket (4%) and Cotton Eyed Joe (3%), have conflicts concerning color designation. While these results assist in documenting the breed's origins, genetic testing is required to accurately identify the cream dilution allele within the horses registered to ensure a phenotype-based solely on the cream dilution allele.

在新注册准则的帮助下，美国棕马饲养者协会（PHBA）的注册数量有所上升。这些准则的变化允许任何体色为棕褐的马匹注册，包括那些血统不明的马匹。虽然这促进了注册机构的发展，但在引入未知血统的情况下，从构成该品种基础的已知血统中记录该品种的起源是非常重要的。这可以通过血统追踪来实现，而血统追踪对于毛色注册机构尤为重要，因为对毛色模式的研究因血统中不准确的毛色命名而充满误解。因此，本研究的目的是通过血统追踪来了解现代 PHBA 种马的历史渊源。研究人员从 PHBA 世界锦标赛马术比赛 10 年（2012-2022 年）的公开参赛马匹中随机抽取了马匹（n = 460）。利用全品种数据库获得了包括奶油稀释等位基因影响毛色的不间断代际遗传模式的扩展血统记录。血统可追溯到最早记录的亲属。我们观察到有六位基础父系对现代 PHBA 种马做出了贡献，其中大部分（58%）可追溯到一位名为 Old Fred 的父系。两个已确定的父亲，即 Yellow Jacket（4%）和 Cotton Eyed Joe（3%），在肤色命名方面存在冲突。虽然这些结果有助于记录该品种的起源，但还需要进行基因测试，以准确鉴定登记马匹中的奶油稀释等位基因，确保表型完全基于奶油稀释等位基因。

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引用次数: 0

Reimagining stallion sperm conservation: Combating carbotoxicity through pyruvate-induced Warburg effect to enhance sperm longevity and function 重塑种马精子保护：通过丙酮酸诱导的沃伯格效应对抗碳毒性，提高精子寿命和功能。

IF 1.3 3区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science

Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2024.105204

Although stallion spermatozoa are now recognized as highly dependent on oxidative phosphorylation for ATP production in the mitochondria, most extenders in use contain supraphysiological concentrations of glucose as the main energy source. While the toxicity of cryoprotectants has been well documented in the literature, the potential toxicity of excessive glucose in extenders is largely ignored. However, the toxicity of excess glucose, known as “carbotoxicity”, is well-established in many areas of medicine. In this paper, we review the basic aspects of stallion spermatozoa metabolism, focusing on factors that significantly impact the lifespan and functionality of spermatozoa during conservation

尽管目前已确认种马精子高度依赖线粒体中的氧化磷酸化来产生 ATP，但大多数使用中的延长剂都含有超生理浓度的葡萄糖作为主要能量来源。虽然低温保护剂的毒性在文献中已有详细记载，但延伸剂中过量葡萄糖的潜在毒性却在很大程度上被忽视了。不过，过量葡萄糖的毒性（即 "碳毒性"）在许多医学领域都已得到证实。在本文中，我们回顾了种公马精子代谢的基本方面，重点讨论了在保存过程中对精子的寿命和功能产生重大影响的因素。

引用次数: 0

Overexpression of the key metabolic protein Carnitine Palmitoyl Transferase 1A (CPT1A) in equine sarcoid 在马肉瘤中过度表达关键代谢蛋白肉碱棕榈酰转移酶 1A (CPT1A)。

IF 1.3 3区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science

Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2024.105205

The equine sarcoid is the most common skin neoplasia of fibroblastic origin in horses, characterized by an excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix produced by sarcoid fibroblasts under hypoxic condition. Neoplastic cells can adapt to hypoxia by using alternative energy sources, particularly those that arise from fatty acid oxidation (FAO). The Carnitine Palmitoyl Transferase 1A (CPT1A) belongs to Carnitine System (CS) and promotes the entrance of fatty acids into the mitochondria for β-oxidation. In this study, CPT1A expression was comparatively addressed in 25 equine sarcoids and 5 normal skin samples using immunohistochemistry (IHC). Specificity of CPT1A antibody was validated by Western Blotting (WB). In normal skin samples IHC staining was weak and mainly confined to basal epidermis and few dermal fibroblasts. Sarcoid fibroblast exhibited a strong cytoplasmic and nuclear signal in 60% of the tumor samples. Cytoplasmic CPT1A expression in sarcoid fibroblasts indicates that the protein is actively involved in metabolic reprogramming processes. Nuclear CPT1A expression suggests that the protein may also be involved in the regulation of neoplastic proliferation.

马肉瘤是马最常见的成纤维细胞性皮肤肿瘤，其特征是肉瘤成纤维细胞在缺氧条件下产生的细胞外基质过度积累。肿瘤细胞可以通过使用替代能源，尤其是脂肪酸氧化（FAO）产生的替代能源来适应缺氧。肉碱棕榈酰转移酶 1A（CPT1A）属于肉碱系统（CS），能促进脂肪酸进入线粒体进行β氧化。本研究采用免疫组织化学（IHC）方法比较研究了 25 例马肉瘤和 5 例正常皮肤样本中 CPT1A 的表达情况。免疫印迹（WB）验证了 CPT1A 抗体的特异性。正常皮肤样本的 IHC 染色较弱，主要局限于基底表皮和少数真皮成纤维细胞。在 60% 的肿瘤样本中，肉瘤成纤维细胞表现出较强的细胞质和细胞核信号。肉瘤成纤维细胞胞质中的 CPT1A 表达表明，该蛋白积极参与代谢重编程过程。核CPT1A的表达表明，该蛋白还可能参与肿瘤增殖的调控。

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引用次数: 0

Update on surgical cosmetic solutions in equine ophthalmology 马眼科手术美容解决方案的最新进展。

IF 1.3 3区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science

Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2024.105206

Following eye removal surgery, ocular cosmetic solutions exist for the equine patient. The objective of this review is to summarize the current best evidence on equine ophthalmic cosmetic solutions. A literature review of ophthalmic cosmetic solutions in horses was conducted. Four cosmetic solutions are described. Cosmetic outcome, return to work, owner satisfaction, complication rates, implant choice and future perspectives are discussed under the light of most recent publications. Seventeen peer-reviewed articles were selected: five retrospective studies, four case series, five case reports and three narrative reviews. Additionally, two congress proceedings were included. Recent publications identify intrascleral prosthesis and intraorbital implants adjoined to a corneoscleral shell as cosmetically superior. The orbital meshwork implant requires improvement to be cosmetically acceptable. Return to work is deemed feasible and standing sedation is an option for orbital implant placement beneath sutured eyelids. 3D printing creates new possibilities for implant development.

眼球摘除手术后，有针对马患者的眼部美容解决方案。本综述旨在总结目前有关马眼科美容解决方案的最佳证据。我们对马眼部美容方案进行了文献综述。文中介绍了四种美容解决方案。根据最新发表的文献，讨论了美容效果、恢复工作、主人满意度、并发症发生率、植入物选择和未来展望。共选取了 17 篇经同行评审的文章：5 篇回顾性研究、4 篇系列病例、5 篇病例报告和 3 篇叙述性综述。此外，还包括两篇大会论文集。最近的出版物认为，巩膜内假体和与角巩膜壳相邻的眶内植入物在外观上更胜一筹。眶网植入物需要改进才能在外观上被接受。恢复工作被认为是可行的，站立镇静是在缝合眼睑下植入眶内植入物的一种选择。三维打印为植入物的开发创造了新的可能性。

引用次数: 0

Welfare assessment of stabled horses in five equestrian disciplines 对五个马术项目的马匹进行福利评估。

IF 1.3 3区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science

Pub Date : 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2024.105203

In Serbia, at present, there is very little information about the welfare of horses. The aim of this study was to identify the main welfare issues likely to be encountered in five different categories of horses (Western riding horses, riding school horses, leisure horses, jumping horses, and endurance horses) kept in stabled housing systems. A total of 50 horses were evaluated using the Animal Welfare Indicator (AWIN) welfare assessment protocol for horses. Identified welfare issues in horses were inadequate box dimensions (52%, 26/50), insufficient quantity of bedding material (34%, 17/50), dirty bedding material (52%, 26/50), integument alterations (68%, 34/50), lameness (16%, 8/50), stereotypic behaviors (28%, 14/50), and negative response to human presence (24%, 12/50). The mean scores for alopecia, skin lesions, hardened spots at the mouth corners, horse grimace scale, and human-animal relationship tests in riding school horses were significantly higher (P<0.05; P<0.001) than for other categories of horses. The leisure horses exercised significantly less often (P<0.001) compared with other categories of horses. Additionally, important risks to welfare, identified across all groups of horses, were insufficient social interaction where 14 horses (28%) were unable to have any visual or physical contact with other horses. The results of this study provide the first analysis and valuable insight into the impact of the individual stable housing system on the welfare of different categories of horses in the Balkan region.

目前，塞尔维亚有关马匹福利的信息很少。这项研究的目的是确定在马厩饲养系统中饲养的五类不同马匹（西部骑术马、骑术学校马、休闲马、跳跃马和耐力马）可能遇到的主要福利问题。采用动物福利指标（AWIN）马匹福利评估方案对 50 匹马进行了评估。已确定的马匹福利问题包括：饲养箱尺寸不足（52%，26/50）、铺垫材料数量不足（34%，17/50）、铺垫材料脏污（52%，26/50）、体表改变（68%，34/50）、跛足（16%，8/50）、刻板行为（28%，14/50）以及对人类存在的负面反应（24%，12/50）。骑术学校马匹的脱发、皮损、嘴角硬斑、马龇牙量表和人与动物关系测试的平均得分明显高于其他学校马匹（P＜0.05）。

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引用次数: 0

A blinded crossover study design to evaluate midazolam as an adjunct for equine standing sedation for routine oral examinations 采用盲法交叉研究设计，评估咪达唑仑作为常规口腔检查马匹站立镇静的辅助手段。

IF 1.3 3区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science

Pub Date : 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2024.105201

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of including midazolam to a common equine standing sedation protocol for routine oral examination. Twelve horses underwent two examinations at least seven days apart. Horses were randomly assigned to receive midazolam intravenously (IV) (0.02mg/kg) or a placebo injection of saline (2-2.5mL IV). Five minutes later, detomidine (0.01mg/kg) and butorphanol (0.01mg/kg) were administered IV and horses were placed in standing stocks. A veterinarian blinded to the treatment protocol used a descriptive scoring system to assess degree of ataxia, acceptance of speculum, chewing on the speculum, headshaking, tongue movement, resistance to palpation, and eye appearance as related to the grimace score. During each examination, additional sedation of IV detomidine (0.006mg/kg) and butorphanol (0.006mg/kg) was administered at the discretion of the blinded practitioner to facilitate safe examination. At the second examination horses received the opposite treatment protocol and, following examination, a routine occlusal adjustment. Scores were compared using JMP software with a repeated measures mixed effects model, treatment as a fixed effect and horse and horse/treatment interaction as random effects. Significance was set at P<0.05. There were no significant differences in any of the single or overall sedation scores between treatment groups or within individual horses (P=0.3). Trends towards improvement of some assessed characteristics of sedation, including decreased tongue movement and less resistance to acceptance of speculum were observed. The use of midazolam may prove beneficial for routine oral examination, as well as other standing procedures, with no obvious undesired side effects.

本研究旨在评估在常规口腔检查的常用马匹站立镇静方案中加入咪达唑仑的效果。12 匹马接受了两次检查，每次检查至少间隔 7 天。马匹被随机分配接受咪达唑仑静脉注射（0.02 毫克/千克）或生理盐水安慰剂注射（2-2.5 毫升静脉注射）。五分钟后，静脉注射地托咪定（0.01 毫克/千克）和丁吗啡酚（0.01 毫克/千克），并将马匹置于站立架上。一名对治疗方案保密的兽医使用描述性评分系统来评估共济失调程度、接受窥器的程度、咀嚼窥器的程度、摇头程度、舌头运动程度、对触诊的抵抗力以及与龇牙评分相关的眼睛外观。在每次检查过程中，盲人医生都会酌情使用地托咪定（0.006 毫克/千克）和丁吗啡诺（0.006 毫克/千克）静脉注射镇静剂，以确保检查安全。在第二次检查中，马匹接受了相反的治疗方案，并在检查后接受了常规的咬合调整。采用重复测量混合效应模型，以治疗为固定效应，马匹和马匹/治疗交互作用为随机效应，使用 JMP 软件对得分进行比较。显著性设定为 P

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引用次数: 0

Streptococcus ovis associated abortion in an Icelandic mare 冰岛母马因猫状链球菌而流产。

IF 1.3 3区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science

Pub Date : 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2024.105202

Streptococci are well-known opportunistic bacterial abortifacients in mares. Colonization of the pregnant uterus is considered to happen after transcervical migration of bacteria from the lower genital tract mucosa. Streptococcus ovis is a pathogen mainly associated with inflammatory lesions in sheep. This species has not been reported in association with disease in horses. In the present case, S. ovis was isolated in monoculture from the lung of an 8-months-old equine fetus and was associated with development of acute suppurative bronchopneumonia, umbilical cord cellulitis and placentitis in the cervical star region of the allantochorion. The mare had been in a pasture together with sheep. One week prior to abortion, a double-guarded uterine swab had been inserted into the cervical canal by a veterinarian, who was unaware of the mare being pregnant. This probably damaged the cervical mucus plug thus allowing S. ovis bacteria to pass the cervical canal and colonize the placenta.

链球菌是众所周知的母马机会性流产细菌。妊娠子宫的定植被认为是细菌从下生殖道粘膜经宫颈迁移后发生的。羊链球菌（Streptococcus ovis）是一种病原体，主要与绵羊的炎症病变有关。目前还没有关于该菌与马疾病相关的报道。在本病例中，从一匹 8 个月大的马胎儿的肺部单培养分离出了猫链球菌，该病例与急性化脓性支气管肺炎、脐带蜂窝织炎和全绒毛膜颈星区胎盘炎的发生有关。该母马曾与绵羊一起在牧场生活。流产前一周，一名兽医将双层子宫拭子插入宫颈管，当时他并不知道母马已经怀孕。这很可能破坏了宫颈粘液栓，从而使奥维氏菌通过宫颈管进入胎盘。

引用次数: 0

Closed laceration of the trachea, esophagus and guttural pouches in a mare caused by blunt trauma 一匹母马的气管、食道和胃囊因钝器伤造成闭合性撕裂伤。

IF 1.3 3区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science

Pub Date : 2024-09-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2024.105196

A mare was admitted for progressive swelling of the neck, lethargy and anorexia. Radiography revealed perilaryngeal, peritracheal, and periesophageal emphysema. Endoscopy revealed pharyngeal and tracheal roof collapse, and a small laceration on the trachea. Treatment with antimicrobials, fluids, and flunixin was initiated. To prevent exacerbation of the emphysema, temporary tracheostomy was performed. Clipping for the tracheostomy revealed a hoofprint mark on the ventral neck. Subsequent endoscopies revealed laceration of the esophagus and guttural pouch septum communicating with the visceral compartment of the neck. Four days after admission, an esophagostomy was performed to prevent leakage of ingesta into the neck and allow feeding. Complications occurred: Deep cervical infection requiring surgical drainage; Esophageal impaction with shavings on one occasion causing extensive mucosa erosions; Laminitis managed with restricted physical activity and corrective farriery. Tracheostomy tube removal, esophagostomy tube removal, and patient discharge occurred 10, 36 and 51 days after admission, respectively. The mare did well after discharge and returned to competing in children's showing classes. Blunt trauma to the neck can lacerate the trachea, esophagus and guttural pouches causing emphysema and deep cervical infection, which can be treated with antimicrobials, temporary tracheostomy, temporary esophagostomy, surgical drainage, and supportive care.

一匹母马因颈部逐渐肿胀、嗜睡和厌食而入院。X光检查发现咽周、气管周围和食管周围气肿。内窥镜检查显示咽部和气管顶塌陷，气管上有一处小裂口。患者开始接受抗菌药、输液和氟尼辛治疗。为防止肺气肿加重，医生为患者实施了临时气管造口术。气管造口术前的剪切发现颈部腹侧有一个蹄印。随后的内窥镜检查发现食道和肠袋隔膜裂伤，与颈部内脏隔膜相通。入院四天后，医生为它实施了食管造口术，以防止食道分泌物渗入颈部，并允许进食。并发症发生了：颈部深度感染，需要进行手术引流；食道有一次被刨花堵塞，造成大面积粘膜糜烂；限制运动和矫正牵引，控制了褥疮。气管造口管拔除、食管造口管拔除和患者出院分别发生在入院后 10 天、36 天和 51 天。该母马出院后表现良好，重新参加了儿童马术比赛。颈部钝器伤会撕裂气管、食管和胃囊，导致气肿和颈部深部感染，可通过抗菌药、临时气管造口术、临时食管造口术、手术引流和支持性护理进行治疗。

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引用次数: 0

Quadricuspid aortic valve in a 16-year-old Quarter horse 一匹 16 岁四分之一马的四尖瓣主动脉瓣。

IF 1.3 3区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science

Pub Date : 2024-09-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2024.105199

A 16-year-old horse, 400 kg, male, Quarter horse gelding was examined for a cardiac murmur that had not been previously heard. Physical examination revealed a regularly irregular pulse and a grade III/VI, decrescendo, diastolic murmur with a point of maximum intensity over the left heart base. Base-apex standard electrocardiographic examination at rest showed sinus rhythm with second-degree atrio-ventricular blocks. Echocardiography identified the presence of four aortic valve cusps, two equal larger and two unequal smaller cusps. Color flow Doppler examination showed a diastolic regurgitant jet emerging from the central region of closed aortic valve. Based on clinical and echocardiographic findings a diagnosis of mild to moderate aortic valve insufficiency secondary to quadricuspid aortic valve was made. This report describes a rare congenital heart defect that can be detected by transthoracic echocardiography in the horse.

一匹 16 岁、体重 400 千克的雄性四分之一马公马接受了检查，发现它以前从未听到过心脏杂音。体格检查显示，该马脉搏不规则，心脏舒张期杂音为 III/VI 级，逐渐减弱，最大强度点位于左心底。静息时的心电图检查显示为窦性心律，伴有二度房室传导阻滞。超声心动图检查发现有四个主动脉瓣尖，两个相等的大瓣尖和两个不相等的小瓣尖。彩色多普勒检查显示，在主动脉瓣关闭的中心区域有舒张期反流喷射。根据临床和超声心动图检查结果，诊断为继发于四尖瓣主动脉瓣的轻度至中度主动脉瓣关闭不全。本报告描述了一种罕见的先天性心脏缺陷，可通过经胸超声心动图检查发现。

引用次数: 0

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