Journal of Equine Veterinary Science最新文献_第2页

Left and right-side echocardiographic measurement of pulmonary artery stiffness in thoroughbred racehorses 纯种马肺动脉僵硬度的左、右侧超声心动图测量。

IF 1.6 3区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science

Pub Date : 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2026.105784

C. Bozzola , L. Stucchi , G. Sala , L. Schinardi , G. Stancari , E. Zucca

Background

Pulmonary Artery Stiffness (PAS) is a non-invasive echocardiographic index of pulmonary artery elasticity. In horses, PAS has been measured only from the right parasternal short-axis view, while the influence of alternative imaging windows remains unknown.

Aims/objectives

To assess the repeatability and reproducibility of Acceleration Time (AT), Maximal Frequency Shift (MFS), and PAS measurements from the left parasternal angled view of the right ventricular inflow/outflow, and to compare these parameters with those obtained from the right parasternal short-axis view in Thoroughbred racehorses.

Methods

Forty Thoroughbreds underwent pulsed-wave Doppler echocardiography from both right and left parasternal views. Measurements included AT, MFS, and PAS (MFS/AT). The intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) and the coefficients of variation (CV) were used to assess intra-operator repeatability and inter-operator (three operators) reproducibility in 40 horses, day-to-day (two different days) repeatability in 5 horses, and inter-operator (two operators) reproducibility for image acquisition in 10 horses. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare left and right parasternal measurements in 40 horses.

Results

Intra-operator agreement was excellent for all parameters (AT: ICC=0.94; MFS: ICC=0.95; PAS: ICC=0.97). Inter-operator agreement ranged from moderate to excellent (AT: ICC=0.63–0.87; MFS: ICC=0.96–0.99; PAS: ICC=0.83–0.96). Day-to-day agreement was good for AT (ICC=0.80) and MFS (ICC=0.71), and excellent for PAS (ICC=0.98). Inter-observer agreement for image acquisition ranged from good to excellent (AT: ICC=0.97, MFS: ICC=0.86, PAS: ICC=0.94). Compared to the right view, the left parasternal view showed lower AT (110 vs. 151 ms), higher MFS (2.6 vs. 2.27 kHz), and higher PAS (23.8 vs. 15.6 kHz/s) (all p<0.001).

Conclusion

PAS can be consistently measured from the left parasternal angled view in Thoroughbred racehorses. PAS was higher when measured from the left parasternal window, possibly due to a better alignment of the Doppler beam with the pulmonary artery flow.

背景：肺动脉硬度（PAS）是肺动脉弹性的无创超声心动图指标。在马中，PAS仅从右侧胸骨旁短轴视图测量，而替代成像窗口的影响尚不清楚。目的：评估从左胸骨旁角度观察右心室流入/流出的加速时间（AT）、最大频移（MFS）和PAS测量的可重复性和再现性，并将这些参数与从右胸骨旁短轴视图获得的参数进行比较。方法：对40匹纯种马进行左、右胸骨旁脉波多普勒超声心动图检查。测量包括AT、MFS和PAS （MFS/AT）。使用类内相关系数（ICC）和变异系数（CV）评估40匹马的操作人员内重复性和操作人员间（三个操作人员）重复性，5匹马的日常（两个不同的日子）重复性和10匹马的操作人员间（两个操作人员）图像采集重复性。使用Wilcoxon符号秩检验比较40匹马的左右胸骨旁测量值。结果：操作者对所有参数的一致性非常好（AT: ICC=0.94; MFS: ICC=0.95; PAS: ICC=0.97）。操作者之间的一致性从中等到优异（AT: ICC=0.63-0.87; MFS: ICC=0.96-0.99; PAS: ICC=0.83-0.96）。日常一致性对AT （ICC=0.80）和MFS （ICC=0.71）很好，对PAS （ICC=0.98）很好。图像采集的观察者间一致性从好到好不等（AT: ICC=0.97, MFS: ICC=0.86, PAS: ICC=0.94）。与右视图相比，左胸骨旁视图显示较低的AT (110 vs. 151 ms)，较高的MFS （2.6 vs. 2.27 kHz）和较高的PAS (23.8 vs. 15.6 kHz/s)(均为p结论：纯种赛马的左胸骨旁角度视图可以一致测量PAS。当从左胸骨旁窗测量时，PAS更高，可能是由于多普勒波束与肺动脉流量更好地对齐。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of sample storage time and temperature on equine complete blood counts 样品储存时间和温度对马全血细胞计数的影响。

IF 1.6 3区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science

Pub Date : 2026-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2026.105782

MM Friend, EM McGaffigan, SM Hall, WB Staniar, DN Smarsh

Background

Equine blood samples are often collected in uncontrolled, distant environments and stored for later analysis.

Aims

This study aimed to determine how sample storage methods influence complete blood count (CBC) parameters, hypothesizing that temperature and time elapsed from collection to analysis would affect CBC parameters.

Methods

Blood samples were collected from 10 healthy Quarter Horse mares (age: 13 ± 4.5 years old) and stored in EDTA tubes at room temperature (22°C), above ice (8°C), refrigerated (4°C), or in contact with ice (2°C). The IDEXX ProcyteDx was used to obtain CBCs at 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours after collection. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn’s post hoc analysis and Benjamini-Hochberg correction. Significance was set to P ≤ 0.05.

Results

A reduction of monocytes and elevation of basophils was seen as early as 48 hours at 2°C, 4°C, and 8°C and occurred to a greater extent at 22°C, likely due to a greater degree of cellular degradation. Changes to red blood cell parameters occurred as early as 48 hours after collection at 4°C and 8°C and were more exaggerated at 22°C. Storage at 2°C resulted in earlier differences in red blood cell parameters. In contrast with previous studies, platelet counts were increased with time in all cooled storage methods, exhibiting a progressive temperature-dependent response as early as 24 hours.

Conclusion

It appears equine blood samples are most stable when stored at 4°C or 8°C and run within 48 hours when using the IDEXX Procyte Dx.

背景：马的血液样本通常是在不受控制的、遥远的环境中收集的，并储存起来供以后分析。目的：本研究旨在确定样品储存方法如何影响全血细胞计数（CBC）参数，假设从采集到分析的温度和时间会影响CBC参数。方法：选取10匹健康四分之一马（年龄：13±4.5岁）的血液标本，分别在室温（22°C）、冰上（8°C）、冷藏（4°C）和冰接触（2°C）条件下保存于EDTA管中。在采集后3、6、12、24、48和72小时，使用IDEXX ProcyteDx获得CBCs。数据分析采用Kruskal-Wallis检验，Dunn事后分析和Benjamini-Hochberg校正。显著性设为P≤0.05。结果：在2°C、4°C和8°C条件下，早在48小时单核细胞减少和嗜碱性粒细胞升高，在22°C条件下发生的程度更大，可能是由于细胞降解程度更大。在4°C和8°C条件下，红细胞参数的变化早在采集后48小时就发生了，在22°C条件下更为明显。在2°C下储存导致红细胞参数的早期差异。与之前的研究相反，在所有冷却储存方法中，血小板计数随着时间的推移而增加，早在24小时就表现出一种渐进的温度依赖性反应。结论：使用IDEXX Procyte Dx时，马血液样品在4°C或8°C保存并在48小时内运行时最稳定。

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引用次数: 0

Two cases of primary hepatic neoplasia in young horses: Diagnostic challenges and clinical implications 两例原发性肝肿瘤在年轻马：诊断挑战和临床意义。

IF 1.6 3区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science

Pub Date : 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2026.105783

Natalia Siwinska , Rafal Ciaputa , Dorota Dlugopolska , Marzena Paszkowska , Wolfram Haider , Kathrin Schwegler

Primary hepatic neoplasms are rare in horses and often have a poor prognosis due to non-specific clinical signs and delayed diagnosis. This report describes two cases of primary hepatic neoplasia in young horses. The first case was a yearling Hanoverian filly presenting with non-specific clinical signs, including poor weight gain and inappetence, ultimately diagnosed with hepatoblastoma based on ultrasonographic findings and histopathological examination. The second case was a three-year-old Polish Sport Horse stallion that died suddenly, with post-mortem examination revealing advanced cholangiocarcinoma, a malignant bile duct neoplasm. These cases highlighted the diagnostic challenges of hepatic neoplasms in horses due to non-specific early clinical signs. Hepatic neoplasms should be considered in the differential diagnosis in horses with unexplained weight loss and abnormal hepatic function, regardless of age.

原发性肝脏肿瘤在马中很少见，由于非特异性临床症状和诊断延迟，预后往往较差。本报告描述两例原发性肝肿瘤在年轻的马。第一个病例是一只一岁的汉诺威母马，表现出非特异性的临床症状，包括体重增加和食欲不振，最终根据超声检查和组织病理学检查诊断为肝母细胞瘤。第二个病例是一匹三岁的波兰运动马，突然死亡，尸检显示晚期胆管癌，一种恶性胆管肿瘤。这些病例强调了由于非特异性早期临床体征对马肝肿瘤的诊断挑战。在马的鉴别诊断中应考虑肝脏肿瘤与不明原因的体重减轻和肝功能异常，无论年龄。

引用次数: 0

Parasympathetic tone, cardiovascular variables, and behavioral alterations in conscious horses before and after castration and during anesthesia: A pilot study 阉割前后和麻醉期间清醒马的副交感神经张力、心血管变量和行为改变：一项初步研究。

IF 1.6 3区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science

Pub Date : 2026-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2026.105781

J.E. Mendoza Flores , A. Terrazas , A.V. Lara Sagahon , M. Aleman

Background

Parasympathetic tone activity (PTA) and its association with behavior in conscious versus anesthesia in horses are unknown.

Objetives

To study PTA, heart rate (HR), minimum alveolar concentration (MAC), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) during castration under anesthesia. To study PTA, HR, Horse Grimace Scale (HGS), locomotor activity (LA), and behavior in conscious horses before and after castration.

Methods

Pilot study including seven healthy adult horses. After habituation (days 1, 2, and 3), PTAm, HR, HGS, LA, and behavior were investigated during pre-surgery (days 4-, 5-, and one-hour pre-anesthesia), and post-surgery (6 h post-surgery and days 7 and 8) periods. PTAm, HR, MAP, and MAC were recorded during castration.

Results

PTAm increased significantly during anesthesia (P < 0.001), with sequential increase as time passed (P < 0.001): 15 min = 27.4% (62.6, CI 57.3-67.8), 20 min = 38.2% (70, CI 55.7-84.3), 25 min = 59.6% (87.9, CI 76.3-99.4), 30 min = 55.6% (84.1, CI 76.8-91.5). MAP increased significantly after emasculation (P < 0.003) at 1 min (91 mmHg, CI 77.3-104.7) and 5 min (81 mmHg, CI 67.3-94.7). An increase HGS (P < 0.05), PTAm (Δ16%, P < 0.001), head up latency (P = 0.042), and frequency of limb retraction (P = 0.042), while a decrease in LA (P = 0.004), appetite (P = 0.043), and water consumption (P < 0.05) in days post-surgery were observed.

Conclusion

Modulation of vagal tone occurs in response to castration under anesthesia and preservation of homeostasis days post-surgery.

背景：马在清醒状态和麻醉状态下的副交感神经张力活动（PTA）及其与行为的关系尚不清楚。目的：研究麻醉下阉割时的PTA、心率（HR）、最小肺泡浓度（MAC）和平均动脉压（MAP）。目的研究阉割前后清醒马的PTA、HR、马鬼脸量表（HGS）、运动活动（LA）和行为。方法：对7匹健康成年马进行初步研究。习惯化后（第1、2和3天），术前（麻醉前4、5和1小时）和术后（术后6小时和第7和8天）分别调查PTAm、HR、HGS、LA和行为。去势时记录PTAm、HR、MAP、MAC。结果：PTAm在麻醉过程中明显升高（P < 0.001），且随时间的推移呈顺序升高（P < 0.001）： 15 min = 27.4% (62.6,CI 57.3-67.8), 20 min = 38.2% (70,CI 55.7-84.3), 25 min = 59.6% (87.9,CI 76.3-99.4), 30 min = 55.6% （84.1,CI 76.8-91.5）。去势后1 min （91 mmHg, CI 77.3-104.7）和5 min (81 mmHg, CI 67.3-94.7) MAP显著升高（P < 0.003）。硫化汞增加(P < 0.05),加以改进(Δ16%,P < 0.001),头延迟(P = 0.042),和四肢收缩的频率(P = 0.042),同时减少(P = 0.004),食欲(P = 0.043),和水消费在天观察对象(P < 0.05)。结论：迷走神经张力的调节发生在麻醉下阉割和术后维持稳态的反应中。

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引用次数: 0

Bacterial contamination of covered versus non-covered plates in a sterile operating room in an equine referral center 马转诊中心无菌手术室中有盖板与无盖板的细菌污染

IF 1.6 3区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2026.105775

Kathryn Dersch, Amanda Kreuder, Chong Wang, Jarrod Troy

Background

Surgical site infections (SSI) are a common postoperative complication of equine orthopedic surgery and often increase morbidity and mortality.

Aims/Objectives

This study aimed to determine if covering surgical instruments during surgery decreased bacterial environmental air contamination during early opening of surgical packs (EOSP). The authors hypothesized that covering instruments with sterile surgical towels would reduce the total number of bacterial colonies to which the instruments were exposed.

Methods

Blood agar plates (BAP) were allocated into two groups (non-covered vs. covered with a sterile huck towel), tested in triplicate, and were exposed to environmental operating room air on sterile surgical instrument tables during 6 orthopedic procedures. Exposure time points for BAP groups were 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min; the 120 min time point was used for bacterial speciation to identify the most common bacteria colonies present.

Results

Non-covered BAP contained more colonies than covered at 30 [mean non-covered colonies ± standard deviation; 7.9 ± 7.2], 60 [11±7.9], 90 [16.7 ± 11.3], and 120 [20.3 ± 14.7] min (p < 0.01). Gram-positive coccus were the most identified bacteria during speciation, however, many of the bacterial species identified are not commonly reported in equine postoperative SSI.

Conclusion

These results suggest that covering instruments with a sterile huck towel may reduce bacterial air contamination from 30 to 120 min of operating time. Covering surgical instruments with a sterile towel or drape may aid in reducing bacterial contamination or colony counts when utilizing EOSP in equine surgical cases. Future studies aiming to correlate air contamination with equine SSI would be beneficial.

手术部位感染（SSI）是马骨科手术常见的术后并发症，通常会增加发病率和死亡率。目的/目的本研究旨在确定在手术过程中覆盖手术器械是否可以减少手术包早期打开（EOSP）时细菌环境空气污染。作者假设，用无菌手术毛巾覆盖器械将减少器械暴露的细菌菌落总数。方法将血琼脂板（BAP）分为两组（未覆盖组和无菌毛巾覆盖组），每组检测3份，在6例骨科手术中暴露于无菌手术器械台上的环境手术室空气中。BAP组暴露时间点分别为0、30、60、90、120 min；120 min时间点用于细菌物种形成，以确定存在的最常见细菌菌落。结果未覆盖的BAP比覆盖的BAP含有更多的菌落，为30[平均未覆盖的菌落±标准差；7.9±7.2),60(11±7.9),90(16.7±11.3),120(20.3±14.7)分钟(p & lt; 0.01)。革兰氏阳性球菌是物种形成过程中鉴定最多的细菌，然而，许多鉴定的细菌种类在马术后SSI中并不常见。结论用无菌毛巾覆盖器械可减少30 ~ 120 min的细菌空气污染。在马手术病例中使用EOSP时，用无菌毛巾或窗帘覆盖手术器械可能有助于减少细菌污染或菌落计数。未来旨在将空气污染与马SSI联系起来的研究将是有益的。

{"title":"Bacterial contamination of covered versus non-covered plates in a sterile operating room in an equine referral center","authors":"Kathryn Dersch, Amanda Kreuder, Chong Wang, Jarrod Troy","doi":"10.1016/j.jevs.2026.105775","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jevs.2026.105775","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Surgical site infections (SSI) are a common postoperative complication of equine orthopedic surgery and often increase morbidity and mortality.</div></div><div><h3>Aims/Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to determine if covering surgical instruments during surgery decreased bacterial environmental air contamination during early opening of surgical packs (EOSP). The authors hypothesized that covering instruments with sterile surgical towels would reduce the total number of bacterial colonies to which the instruments were exposed.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Blood agar plates (BAP) were allocated into two groups (non-covered vs. covered with a sterile huck towel), tested in triplicate, and were exposed to environmental operating room air on sterile surgical instrument tables during 6 orthopedic procedures. Exposure time points for BAP groups were 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min; the 120 min time point was used for bacterial speciation to identify the most common bacteria colonies present.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Non-covered BAP contained more colonies than covered at 30 [mean non-covered colonies ± standard deviation; 7.9 ± 7.2], 60 [11±7.9], 90 [16.7 ± 11.3], and 120 [20.3 ± 14.7] min (<em>p</em> < 0.01). Gram-positive coccus were the most identified bacteria during speciation, however, many of the bacterial species identified are not commonly reported in equine postoperative SSI.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These results suggest that covering instruments with a sterile huck towel may reduce bacterial air contamination from 30 to 120 min of operating time. Covering surgical instruments with a sterile towel or drape may aid in reducing bacterial contamination or colony counts when utilizing EOSP in equine surgical cases. Future studies aiming to correlate air contamination with equine SSI would be beneficial.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15798,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Veterinary Science","volume":"157 ","pages":"Article 105775"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145922760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Impact of melatonin on inflammatory cytokine profiles in 24-hour cultured equine uterine explants’ 褪黑素对24小时培养马子宫外植体炎症细胞因子谱的影响。

IF 1.6 3区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2026.105776

Murilo F. Rodrigues , Adriana P. Neves , Rogério Ferreira , Gilson A. Pessoa , Denise N. Araujo , Guilherme V. de Souza

Background

Melatonin has demonstrated beneficial effects in regulating inflammatory processes in various tissues, but its role in mare uterine physiology remains unclear.

Aims

To investigate the effects of melatonin on the gene expression of cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-α) in equine uterine explants cultured for 6, 12, or 24 hours.

Methods

The study was divided into two experiments. Part 1 aimed to evaluate the cytotoxicity of melatonin at concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 8 mM on endometrial cells. Part 2 aimed to determine the expression of inflammatory cytokines in uterine explants. In Part 2, fifty-four uterine explants were cultured in vitro in William’s medium, supplemented with melatonin (0.5 mM or 1.0 mM) or a no-melatonin control (MEL0), with or without sperm-induced inflammation (denoted as MEL0.5+, MEL1.0+, MEL0+ or MEL0.5-, MEL1.0-, MEL0-, respectively) at 6, 12, or 24 hours of culture under 5 % O₂ and CO₂.

Results

Relative cytokine gene expression did not differ significantly (P > 0.05) among treatments or time points, except for IL-1β at 24 hours, where MEL0- showed higher expression than both MEL0.5- and MEL0.5+. No other treatment comparisons reached statistical significance.

Conclusion

These results suggest that melatonin did not exert measurable anti-inflammatory effects in sperm-exposed uterine explants within a 24-hour culture period. Future studies should explore longer culture durations or alternative inflammatory stimuli, such lipopolysaccharides to further elucidate melatonin the potential immunomodulatory role in the equine endometrium.

背景：褪黑素已被证明在调节多种组织的炎症过程中具有有益作用，但其在母马子宫生理中的作用尚不清楚。目的：探讨褪黑素对培养6、12、24小时的马子宫组织细胞因子（IL-1β、IL-6、IL-8、IL-10和TNF-α）基因表达的影响。方法：本研究分为两个实验。第一部分旨在评估褪黑激素浓度为0、0.5、1、2、4和8 mM时对子宫内膜细胞的细胞毒性。第2部分旨在检测炎性细胞因子在子宫外植体中的表达。在第二部分中，54个子宫外植体在威廉氏培养基中体外培养，补充褪黑激素（0.5 mM或1.0 mM）或无褪黑激素对照（MEL0），有或没有精子诱导的炎症（分别表示为MEL0.5+, MEL1.0+， MEL0+或MEL0.5-, MEL1.0-, MEL0-），在5% O₂和CO₂下培养6,12或24小时。结果：除IL-1β在24 h时MEL0-表达高于MEL0.5-和MEL0.5+外，不同处理和时间点的相关细胞因子基因表达无显著差异（P < 0.05）。其他治疗比较均无统计学意义。结论：在24小时的培养期内，褪黑素对精子暴露的子宫外植体没有明显的抗炎作用。未来的研究应该探索更长的培养时间或替代炎症刺激，如脂多糖，以进一步阐明褪黑素在马子宫内膜中的潜在免疫调节作用。

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引用次数: 0

Antibiotics prescribing patterns and association with system-specific pathologies in equine veterinary practice: Insights from a 12-year study at a veterinary teaching hospital 马兽医实践中抗生素处方模式和与系统特异性病理的关联：来自兽医教学医院12年研究的见解

IF 1.6 3区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2026.105779

M. Vernaccini, L. de Marchi, F. Bindi, V. Meucci, G. Sala, D. Cingottini, M. Sgorbini

Background

Antibiotics are essential in veterinary medicine, enhancing animal health and welfare. However, widespread use contributes to resistance, increasing the risk of treatment failure and the transmission to humans.

Aims/objectives

Analyze antibiotic prescribing practices in an equine internal medicine unit, focusing on factors influencing use, particularly Highest Priority Critically Important Antimicrobials (HPCIAs).

Methods

1315 adult equids, including horses, donkeys and mules, presented for different diseases to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital (VTH) of the University of Pisa from 2011 to 2023. Retrospective study focused on the prudent antibiotics use in equids. Medical records were reviewed, and data were extracted from the VTH management system, including antimicrobial class, patient characteristics, and body system/system-specific pathology.

Results

Antibiotic use varied significantly across system-specific pathology (p < 0.001), with highest usage in integumentary, ocular, and respiratory conditions. Aminoglycosides were the most frequently administered class, followed by tetracyclines and fixed-dose combinations (preparations containing two or more antimicrobial active ingredients). Over time, antibiotic class usage shifted significantly (p < 0.001). Ceftiofur and gentamicin were used in pneumonia and pleuropneumonia, oxytetracycline was mainly used for piroplasmosis, and tobramycin for corneal ulcers. Combination therapy, particularly gentamicin-ceftiofur, was most commonly used for respiratory infections.

Conclusion

Antibiotic prescribing patterns in equine practice are heterogeneous and directly linked to system-specific pathologies. The observed use of HPCIAs, coupled with the dominance of aminoglycosides and tetracyclines, highlights areas where prescribing practices could be optimized. These results suggest the relevance of developing and implementing targeted Antimicrobial Stewardship (AMS) strategies, focusing on evidence-based diagnostics and educational programs.

抗生素在兽医学中是必不可少的，可以提高动物的健康和福利。然而，广泛使用会导致耐药性，增加治疗失败和传播给人类的风险。目的/目的分析马内科单位的抗生素处方做法，重点关注影响使用的因素，特别是最高优先级至关重要的抗菌素（hpcia）。方法2011 - 2023年在比萨大学兽医教学医院（VTH）因不同疾病就诊的1315匹成年马，包括马、驴和骡子。对马科动物谨慎使用抗生素进行回顾性研究。审查医疗记录，并从VTH管理系统中提取数据，包括抗菌药物类别、患者特征和身体系统/系统特异性病理。结果抗生素的使用在不同的系统特异性病理中有显著差异（p < 0.001），在皮肤、眼部和呼吸系统疾病中使用率最高。氨基糖苷类是最常用的一类，其次是四环素类和固定剂量组合（含有两种或两种以上抗菌活性成分的制剂）。随着时间的推移，抗生素种类的使用发生了显著变化（p < 0.001）。头孢替福和庆大霉素用于治疗肺炎和胸膜肺炎，土霉素主要用于治疗螺形体病，妥布霉素主要用于治疗角膜溃疡。联合治疗，特别是庆大霉素-头孢替福，最常用于呼吸道感染。结论马科实践中抗生素处方模式具有异质性，且与系统特异性病理直接相关。观察到HPCIAs的使用，加上氨基糖苷类和四环素类药物的优势，突出了处方实践可以优化的领域。这些结果表明，制定和实施有针对性的抗微生物药物管理（AMS）战略具有重要意义，重点是循证诊断和教育计划。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of intrauterine ozone insufflation in eleven subfertile mares: a case series 11例不孕母马宫内臭氧充气的影响：一个案例系列。

IF 1.6 3区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2026.105778

R. Moroni , D. Fanelli , S. Maltinti , M. Orefice , A. Rota , F. Camillo , P. Melanie , C. Cantile , V. Miragliotta , A. Pirone , G. Lazzarini , F. Passamonti , P. Marmorini , M. Ori , D. Panzani

Equine persistent breeding-induced endometritis can lead to chronic uterine inflammation and fibrosis, reducing fertility. Intrauterine ozone (O₃) has recently been proposed as a potential treatment for mares unresponsive to conventional therapies. This case series describes O₃ treatment in eleven mares barren for at least one year despite multiple inseminations attempts. During the first oestrous cycle, low-volume uterine lavage and endometrial biopsy were performed, followed by 3 consecutive days of intrauterine O₂–O₃ gas insufflation. In the subsequent cycle, both procedures were repeated and mares were inseminated with fresh/fresh-cooled semen. Pregnancy was confirmed 14 days post-ovulation and was monitored until parturition. Ten/11 (90.9%) mares conceived and 9/11 (81.8%) delivered a live foal. Post-treatment biopsies showed a significant increase in CD163+ M2 macrophages, suggesting a positive influence of O₃ on endometrial tissue remodeling. These results suggest that O₃ therapy may contribute to fertility restoration in subfertile mares, but further studies are needed.

马持续性繁殖诱导的子宫内膜炎可导致慢性子宫炎症和纤维化，降低生育能力。宫内臭氧（O₃）最近被提议作为对传统疗法无反应的母马的潜在治疗方法。这个案例系列描述了11匹尽管多次尝试人工授精，但至少一年不能生育的母马的O₃治疗。在第一个发情周期，进行小容量子宫灌洗和子宫内膜活检，随后连续3天宫内O₂-O₃充气。在随后的周期中，重复这两个程序，并用新鲜/新鲜冷却的精液对母马进行人工授精。排卵后14天确认妊娠，并监测至分娩。11匹母马中有10匹（90.9%）怀孕，9匹（81.8%）产下活马驹。治疗后活检显示CD163+ M2巨噬细胞显著增加，表明O₃对子宫内膜组织重塑有积极影响。这些结果表明，O₃疗法可能有助于恢复弱育母马的生育能力，但还需要进一步的研究。

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引用次数: 0

Enrofloxacin induces mild and transient vascular alterations following regional limb perfusion in horses 恩诺沙星在马肢体局部灌注后引起轻度和短暂的血管改变。

IF 1.6 3区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science

Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2026.105777

T.C. Valente , R.P. Mendes , E.L. Miguel , L.A. Rafael , G.S.N. Ribeiro , A.F. Souza , J.H. Fonteque

Background

Regional intravenous limb perfusion (RILP) is widely used in equine practice for achieving high local antimicrobial concentrations while minimizing systemic exposure. However, certain drugs, including enrofloxacin, have been associated with vascular irritation and thrombosis, and their thrombogenic potential remains poorly characterized.

Objectives

This study aimed to evaluate the thrombogenic potential of enrofloxacin administered via RILP in the cephalic vein of clinically healthy horses.

Methods

Ten adult horses underwent RILP in both forelimbs: the right limb received 10 % enrofloxacin (1.5 mg/kg) diluted in 0.9 % NaCl to a total volume of 20 mL, while the left limb served as control (0.9 % NaCl, 20 mL). Clinical, thermographic, and ultrasonographic assessments were performed at baseline, immediately after tourniquet removal, and 24 and 48 hours post-RILP. Statistical comparisons were made between treatments and time points (p < 0.05).

Results

No alterations in vital parameters were observed. No temperature differences occurred between limbs, although transient bilateral increases were detected immediately after tourniquet removal. Ultrasonography revealed temporary reductions in venous lumen diameter, returning to baseline within 24 hours in both groups. In the treated group, venous wall thickening was detected in six horses, and one developed mild thrombophlebitis. All lessons were resolved within 48 hours.

Conclusions

A single administration of enrofloxacin via RILP in the cephalic vein induced only mild and transient vascular changes, suggesting a low thrombogenic potential in healthy adult horses.

背景：局部肢体静脉灌注（RILP）广泛用于马的实践，以实现高局部抗菌浓度，同时最大限度地减少全身暴露。然而，某些药物，包括恩诺沙星，与血管刺激和血栓形成有关，其致血栓的潜力仍不清楚。目的：本研究旨在评估临床健康马的头静脉经RILP给药恩诺沙星的血栓形成潜力。方法：10匹成年马在前肢进行双侧rlip，右肢给予10%恩诺沙星（1.5 mg/kg）用0.9% NaCl稀释至20 mL，左肢作为对照（0.9% NaCl, 20 mL）。在基线、止血带拆除后立即以及rilp后24和48小时进行临床、热成像和超声评估。治疗组与时间点比较有统计学意义（p < 0.05）。结果：各组生命参数无明显变化。四肢之间没有温度差异，尽管在移除止血带后立即检测到短暂的双侧升高。超声检查显示两组静脉腔直径暂时减小，在24小时内恢复到基线。治疗组6匹马出现静脉壁增厚，1匹马出现轻度血栓性静脉炎。所有课程均在48小时内解决。结论：通过头静脉RILP单次给药恩诺沙星仅引起轻微和短暂的血管改变，表明健康成年马的血栓形成潜力低。

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引用次数: 0

Metabolomics of stallion seminal plasma: Identification of potential fertility biomarkers based on differences between high and low pregnancy stallions 种马精浆代谢组学：基于高妊娠和低妊娠种马之间差异的潜在生育生物标志物鉴定。

IF 1.6 3区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science

Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2026.105780

V.L.C. Bueno , H.B.A. Bastos , L.A.M. Centeno , F. Schmitt , G. Larentis , R.C. Mattos , S. Fiala-Rechsteiner

Background

The seminal plasma (SP), a fluid originating from the testes, epididymis, and accessory sex glands, represents 98 % of the volume of stallion ejaculate. Metabolomic analysis enables the identification of final products of metabolic pathways, providing insights into reproductive physiology.

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the metabolomic profile of stallion seminal plasma and to investigate metabolic differences between stallions with high and low pregnancy rates, in order to identify potential biomarkers associated with fertility.

Methods

Twenty-four Criollo stallions, were sampled for molecular biology once during the breeding season.

Results

Pregnancy rates at day 16 post-insemination ranged from 20.2 % to 95.6 %, forming two groups: High Pregnancy (HP; ≥60 %) and Low Pregnancy (LP; ≤50 %). Semen was evaluated for concentration, kinetics, morphology, and membrane integrity. Metabolic profiling using UHPLC-QTOF-MS identified 18 metabolites, including acetyl carnitine, carnitine, isoleucine, methylbutanoyl carnitine, ornithine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, taurine, palmitate, lactate, phosphate, oleate, stearate, citrate, fructose, hippurate, 1,3-dioxan-5-ol, and melatonin. Oleate showed higher abundance in LP stallions (P < 0.05), whereas taurine and phosphate were enriched in HP stallions (P < 0.05). Pearson correlation analysis revealed 13 metabolites significantly associated with reproductive outcomes, with phosphate and 1,3-dioxan-5-ol emerging as the most relevant. Phosphate, in particular, was highlighted as a potential fertility biomarker due to its essential role in sperm energy metabolism via pyrophosphate breakdown.

Conclusion

These findings elucidate molecular mechanisms underlying subfertility and support the identification of biomarkers for fertility prediction, offering potential applications in reproductive management and optimization strategies for stallions.

背景：精液（SP）是一种源自睾丸、附睾和副性腺的液体，占种马射精量的98%。代谢组学分析能够识别代谢途径的最终产物，为生殖生理学提供见解。目的：研究种马精浆代谢组学特征，探讨高、低妊娠率种马的代谢差异，以确定与生育相关的潜在生物标志物。方法：选取24匹克里奥罗种马，在繁殖季节进行一次分子生物学检测。结果：人工授精后第16天妊娠率为20.2% ~ 95.6%，分为高妊娠组（HP≥60%）和低妊娠组（LP≤50%）。精液的浓度、动力学、形态和膜完整性被评估。使用UHPLC-QTOF-MS鉴定了18种代谢物，包括乙酰肉碱、肉碱、异亮氨酸、甲基丁醇肉碱、鸟氨酸、苯丙氨酸、色氨酸、牛磺酸、棕榈酸盐、乳酸盐、磷酸盐、油酸盐、硬脂酸盐、柠檬酸盐、果糖、马来酸盐、1,3-二恶烷-5-醇和褪黑激素。油酸在LP种中含量较高（P < 0.05），而牛磺酸和磷酸盐在HP种中含量较高（P < 0.05）。Pearson相关分析显示，13种代谢物与生殖结果显著相关，其中磷酸盐和1,3-二恶烷-5-醇的相关性最强。特别是磷酸盐，由于其通过焦磷酸盐分解在精子能量代谢中起重要作用，因此被强调为潜在的生育生物标志物。结论：这些研究结果阐明了低育性的分子机制，支持了生育预测的生物标志物的鉴定，为种马的生殖管理和优化策略提供了潜在的应用前景。

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引用次数: 0