Pub Date : 2025-02-22DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105404
A.E. Page , A.M. Rauber-Ramos , M. Humiston , J.L. McPeek , E.N. Adam
Given the metabolic effects of intra-articular (IA) corticosteroids, the goal of this project was to monitor the effects of IA betamethasone in both insulin dysregulated (ID)(n = 3) and non-ID (n = 5) horses. A cross-over design was used where eight geldings were injected with either 9 mg of betamethasone or saline into both metacarpophalangeal joints, followed by regular blood collections for adrenocorticotropin releasing hormone (ACTH), cortisol, insulin, and glucose, as well as pre- and post-administration oral sugar testing. Results were analyzed via two-way repeated measures analysis of variance (p < 0.05). Intra-articular betamethasone caused significant suppression of ACTH and cortisol in both groups through 24-48 hr, and a significant increase in glucose in the non-ID horses between 8-48 hr post-administration. As portions of this pilot study were underpowered (primarily insulin), additional work with larger numbers of both ID and non-ID horses would help to better understand these effects and allow for the analysis of insulin concentrations.
{"title":"Initial investigation into the metabolic effects of intra-articular betamethasone on normal and insulin dysregulated horses","authors":"A.E. Page , A.M. Rauber-Ramos , M. Humiston , J.L. McPeek , E.N. Adam","doi":"10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105404","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105404","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Given the metabolic effects of intra-articular (IA) corticosteroids, the goal of this project was to monitor the effects of IA betamethasone in both insulin dysregulated (ID)(n = 3) and non-ID (n = 5) horses. A cross-over design was used where eight geldings were injected with either 9 mg of betamethasone or saline into both metacarpophalangeal joints, followed by regular blood collections for adrenocorticotropin releasing hormone (ACTH), cortisol, insulin, and glucose, as well as pre- and post-administration oral sugar testing. Results were analyzed via two-way repeated measures analysis of variance (<em>p</em> < 0.05). Intra-articular betamethasone caused significant suppression of ACTH and cortisol in both groups through 24-48 hr, and a significant increase in glucose in the non-ID horses between 8-48 hr post-administration. As portions of this pilot study were underpowered (primarily insulin), additional work with larger numbers of both ID and non-ID horses would help to better understand these effects and allow for the analysis of insulin concentrations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15798,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Veterinary Science","volume":"147 ","pages":"Article 105404"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143487564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-21DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105400
K.M. MacMillan , J.J. Burns , E. John , N. Clancey , J.W. Stull
Decreased total T4 (tT4) concentrations are frequently observed in racing Standardbred horses lacking clinical evidence of hypothyroidism. This poses a diagnostic challenge as primary hypothyroidism is reported to be rare in adult horses. Despite this, owners frequently wish to administer thyroid supplementation to horses having low tT4 concentrations. Forty racing Standardbred horses were sampled. Baseline tT4 concentrations were determined using human-based (equine) and canine-based chemiluminescent assays. Dynamic evaluation of tT4 was performed using a thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) stimulation test using both assays. Variability between tests was assessed with correlation coefficients and Bland-Altman plots. Mean baseline tT4 concentration using the equine assay was 15.1 nmol/L with 31/40 (77.5 %) concentrations falling below the reference interval. Those 31 horses had a mean post-TRH tT4 concentration of 27.5 nmol/L (SD = 6.1), and mean percentage increase of 113.6 % (SD = 47.4). Although all horses had post-TRH tT4 concentration higher than baseline indicating normal thyroid function, 3 horses did not reach a 50 % increase. Mean baseline tT4 concentration using the canine assay was 17.9 nmol/L with 12 of 40 (30 %) concentrations falling below the reference interval. Those 12 horses had a mean post-TRH tT4 concentration of 36.7 nmol/L (SD = 5.8), and a mean percentage increase of 242.7 % (SD = 91.7). The 31 horses identified with low baseline tT4 concentrations using the equine assay achieved a 50 % or greater increase from baseline using the canine assay. Equine and canine assay-derived values (for baseline and post-TRH tT4) were strongly correlated, with weak concordance correlation coefficients. Results from this study support that a single low tT4 concentration cannot be used to accurately diagnose hypothyroidism in horses and dynamic testing is required. While further evaluation is required, use of a canine T4 assay calibrated to achieve detection of lower tT4 concentrations in horses is promising.
{"title":"The occurrence of low thyroxine concentrations and response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone using equine and canine assays in a population of Standardbred racehorses in Prince Edward Island, Canada","authors":"K.M. MacMillan , J.J. Burns , E. John , N. Clancey , J.W. Stull","doi":"10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105400","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105400","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Decreased total T4 (tT4) concentrations are frequently observed in racing Standardbred horses lacking clinical evidence of hypothyroidism. This poses a diagnostic challenge as primary hypothyroidism is reported to be rare in adult horses. Despite this, owners frequently wish to administer thyroid supplementation to horses having low tT4 concentrations. Forty racing Standardbred horses were sampled. Baseline tT4 concentrations were determined using human-based (equine) and canine-based chemiluminescent assays. Dynamic evaluation of tT4 was performed using a thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) stimulation test using both assays. Variability between tests was assessed with correlation coefficients and Bland-Altman plots. Mean baseline tT4 concentration using the equine assay was 15.1 nmol/L with 31/40 (77.5 %) concentrations falling below the reference interval. Those 31 horses had a mean post-TRH tT4 concentration of 27.5 nmol/L (SD = 6.1), and mean percentage increase of 113.6 % (SD = 47.4). Although all horses had post-TRH tT4 concentration higher than baseline indicating normal thyroid function, 3 horses did not reach a 50 % increase. Mean baseline tT4 concentration using the canine assay was 17.9 nmol/L with 12 of 40 (30 %) concentrations falling below the reference interval. Those 12 horses had a mean post-TRH tT4 concentration of 36.7 nmol/L (SD = 5.8), and a mean percentage increase of 242.7 % (SD = 91.7). The 31 horses identified with low baseline tT4 concentrations using the equine assay achieved a 50 % or greater increase from baseline using the canine assay. Equine and canine assay-derived values (for baseline and post-TRH tT4) were strongly correlated, with weak concordance correlation coefficients. Results from this study support that a single low tT4 concentration cannot be used to accurately diagnose hypothyroidism in horses and dynamic testing is required. While further evaluation is required, use of a canine T4 assay calibrated to achieve detection of lower tT4 concentrations in horses is promising.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15798,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Veterinary Science","volume":"147 ","pages":"Article 105400"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143483265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-21DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105396
G.S. Júnior , J.V. de Souza , W. de Souza Ferreira , V.R.D. Florentino , T.C. Valente , F. Comassetto , N. Oleskovicz
This study aimed to evaluate the sedation degree, cardiopulmonary effects, and detomidine-sparing during dental occlusal adjustment in standing horses using a bolus and constant rate infusion (CRI) of detomidine alone or in combination with butorphanol or methadone. In this randomized, blinded clinical trial, 24 healthy adult horses were assigned to the detomidine (DT), detomidine-butorphanol (DB), or detomidine-methadone (DM) group. DT received an intravenous bolus of detomidine (20 μg/kg), followed by CRI at 20 μg/kg/h. DB received detomidine (10 μg/kg) and butorphanol (0.02 mg/kg) boluses with CRI at 10 μg/kg/h and 0.03 mg/kg/h, respectively. DM received detomidine (10 μg/kg) and methadone (0.2 mg/kg) boluses with CRI at 10 μg/kg/h and 0.05 mg/kg/h, respectively. For sedation rescue, an additional intravenous dose of detomidine (5 μg/kg) was administered without altering the CRI. Descriptive scales were used to assess sedation during and up to 12 h post-procedure. We recorded the respiratory rate (fr), heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), temperature, gastrointestinal motility, sedation depth, and detomidine rescue requirements. All treatments were found to reduce gastrointestinal motility and HR, whereas DM decreased fr. SBP exhibited transient elevations, and 22 sedation rescues were performed (2 in DM, 8 in DT, and 12 in DB). Considering the rescues, the total detomidine consumption resulted in significantly lower doses in DM (10.6 ± 2.32 μg/kg/h [mean ± standard deviation]) and DB (13.6 ± 4.58 μg/kg/h; both P < 0.0001) than in DT (22.4 ± 4.1 μg/kg/h). Opioid addition demonstrated a detomidine-sparing effect, significantly reducing detomidine requirement.
{"title":"Effects of constant intravenous infusion of detomidine alone or combined with butorphanol or methadone for standing sedation in horses: A randomized clinical trial","authors":"G.S. Júnior , J.V. de Souza , W. de Souza Ferreira , V.R.D. Florentino , T.C. Valente , F. Comassetto , N. Oleskovicz","doi":"10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105396","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105396","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to evaluate the sedation degree, cardiopulmonary effects, and detomidine-sparing during dental occlusal adjustment in standing horses using a bolus and constant rate infusion (CRI) of detomidine alone or in combination with butorphanol or methadone. In this randomized, blinded clinical trial, 24 healthy adult horses were assigned to the detomidine (DT), detomidine-butorphanol (DB), or detomidine-methadone (DM) group. DT received an intravenous bolus of detomidine (20 μg/kg), followed by CRI at 20 μg/kg/h. DB received detomidine (10 μg/kg) and butorphanol (0.02 mg/kg) boluses with CRI at 10 μg/kg/h and 0.03 mg/kg/h, respectively. DM received detomidine (10 μg/kg) and methadone (0.2 mg/kg) boluses with CRI at 10 μg/kg/h and 0.05 mg/kg/h, respectively. For sedation rescue, an additional intravenous dose of detomidine (5 μg/kg) was administered without altering the CRI. Descriptive scales were used to assess sedation during and up to 12 h post-procedure. We recorded the respiratory rate (<em>f</em>r), heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), temperature, gastrointestinal motility, sedation depth, and detomidine rescue requirements. All treatments were found to reduce gastrointestinal motility and HR, whereas DM decreased <em>f</em>r. SBP exhibited transient elevations, and 22 sedation rescues were performed (2 in DM, 8 in DT, and 12 in DB). Considering the rescues, the total detomidine consumption resulted in significantly lower doses in DM (10.6 ± 2.32 μg/kg/h [mean ± standard deviation]) and DB (13.6 ± 4.58 μg/kg/h; both <em>P</em> < 0.0001) than in DT (22.4 ± 4.1 μg/kg/h). Opioid addition demonstrated a detomidine-sparing effect, significantly reducing detomidine requirement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15798,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Veterinary Science","volume":"147 ","pages":"Article 105396"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143483248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study evaluated the effect of the presence and location of the corpus luteum (CL) on quantity and competence of equine cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs). Pairs of ovaries were collected at the slaughterhouse and classified into three groups: ovaries with CL (CL+); ovaries with CL in the contralateral ovary (CL-) and ovaries without a CL (NCL). Were evaluated COC quantity, morphology, nuclear maturation rate, and intrafollicular progesterone concentration and gene expression (BAX, BMP-15, ODC1, GDF9, AURKA) in both cumulus cells and oocytes after in vitro maturation. Results showed a lower recuperation of COCs from CL+ (2 ± 0.9) compared to NCL (4.9 ± 0.8), but not different from CL- (3.5 ± 0.8). Morphologically, COCs from CL- exhibited a higher proportion of expanded cumulus cells (74.4 %) in relation to CL+ and NCL groups (10 % and 13.1 %). However, the proportion of COCs reaching metaphase II after in vitro maturation was higher in CL+ group (58.3 %) compared to NCL (42 %) and did not show differences in relation to CL- group (47,2 %). Additionally, CL+ group showed higher intrafollicular progesterone concentrations compared to NCL, but not different from CL- (574, 485 and 392 ng/mL for CL+, CL- and NCL groups, respectively). Finally, BMP-15 in oocytes and GDF9 in cumulus cells were higher in COCs from animals with CL (CL+ and CL-) in relation to NCL group. These findings suggest a potential association between CL presence, intrafollicular progesterone concentration, and the expression of cell quality genes in equine COCs, contributing to enhanced rates of oocyte nuclear maturation.
{"title":"Influence of the corpus luteum on cumulus-oocyte complexes competence in equines","authors":"D.F. Dubeibe-Marin , D.F. Borraez , D.L. Gomez-López , D.A. Velasco-Acosta","doi":"10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105399","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105399","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluated the effect of the presence and location of the corpus luteum (CL) on quantity and competence of equine cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs). Pairs of ovaries were collected at the slaughterhouse and classified into three groups: ovaries with CL (CL+); ovaries with CL in the contralateral ovary (CL-) and ovaries without a CL (NCL). Were evaluated COC quantity, morphology, nuclear maturation rate, and intrafollicular progesterone concentration and gene expression (BAX, BMP-15, ODC1, GDF9, AURKA) in both cumulus cells and oocytes after <em>in vitro</em> maturation. Results showed a lower recuperation of COCs from CL+ (2 ± 0.9) compared to NCL (4.9 ± 0.8), but not different from CL- (3.5 ± 0.8). Morphologically, COCs from CL- exhibited a higher proportion of expanded cumulus cells (74.4 %) in relation to CL+ and NCL groups (10 % and 13.1 %). However, the proportion of COCs reaching metaphase II after in vitro maturation was higher in CL+ group (58.3 %) compared to NCL (42 %) and did not show differences in relation to CL- group (47,2 %). Additionally, CL+ group showed higher intrafollicular progesterone concentrations compared to NCL, but not different from CL- (574, 485 and 392 ng/mL for CL+, CL- and NCL groups, respectively). Finally, BMP-15 in oocytes and GDF9 in cumulus cells were higher in COCs from animals with CL (CL+ and CL-) in relation to NCL group. These findings suggest a potential association between CL presence, intrafollicular progesterone concentration, and the expression of cell quality genes in equine COCs, contributing to enhanced rates of oocyte nuclear maturation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15798,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Veterinary Science","volume":"147 ","pages":"Article 105399"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143483262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-21DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105398
R. Navarrete-Calvo , J. Morgaz , P. Ruíz-López , R.J. Gómez-Villamandos , J.M. Domínguez , S. Quirós-Carmona , M․M Granados
Spectral entropy and bispectral index (BIS) can differentiate between conscious and unconscious levels in horses. This study aimed to determine whether spectral entropy and BIS parameters can distinguish between different end-tidal isoflurane concentrations (EtIso, %), and whether these parameters change when a nociceptive stimulus is applied. Ten clinically healthy horses were anaesthetized using xylazine, diazepam, ketamine, and isoflurane. The following parameters were monitored: EtIso, response entropy (RE), state entropy (SE), RE-SE difference, BIS, and electromyography (EMG). Three EtIso concentrations were randomly assigned: 0.9 % (EtIso0.9), 1.2 % (EtIso1.2), and 1.5 % (EtIso1.5). Ten minutes after reaching the first EtIso, the parameters were recorded at baseline (Baseline) and for 5 min following the application of an electrically nociceptive stimulus (first two minutes, EarlyP; the last three minutes, LateP). This procedure was repeated three times for each EtIso. A two-way repeated measures ANOVA was performed. The RE, SE, BIS, and EMG parameters exhibited a significant increase upon the application of a painful stimulus. Notably, only the EMG parameter demonstrated significant differences between EtIso0.9 and EtIs1.5 during both EarlyP and LateP phases (EarlyP: EtIso0.9, 72 ± 23 vs EtIso1.5, 48 ± 23, (P = 0.011); LateP: EtIso0.9, 65 ± 27 vs EtIso1.5, 43 ± 23, (P = 0.022)). Currently, these monitors do not appear to be useful for assessing anaesthetic depth in horses under the studied conditions, although they do seem to be useful for detecting induced nociceptive stimuli.
{"title":"Evaluation of spectral entropy monitor with different concentrations of isoflurane in Horses","authors":"R. Navarrete-Calvo , J. Morgaz , P. Ruíz-López , R.J. Gómez-Villamandos , J.M. Domínguez , S. Quirós-Carmona , M․M Granados","doi":"10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105398","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105398","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Spectral entropy and bispectral index (BIS) can differentiate between conscious and unconscious levels in horses. This study aimed to determine whether spectral entropy and BIS parameters can distinguish between different end-tidal isoflurane concentrations (EtIso, %), and whether these parameters change when a nociceptive stimulus is applied. Ten clinically healthy horses were anaesthetized using xylazine, diazepam, ketamine, and isoflurane. The following parameters were monitored: EtIso, response entropy (RE), state entropy (SE), RE-SE difference, BIS, and electromyography (EMG). Three EtIso concentrations were randomly assigned: 0.9 % (EtIso0.9), 1.2 % (EtIso1.2), and 1.5 % (EtIso1.5). Ten minutes after reaching the first EtIso, the parameters were recorded at baseline (Baseline) and for 5 min following the application of an electrically nociceptive stimulus (first two minutes, EarlyP; the last three minutes, LateP). This procedure was repeated three times for each EtIso. A two-way repeated measures ANOVA was performed. The RE, SE, BIS, and EMG parameters exhibited a significant increase upon the application of a painful stimulus. Notably, only the EMG parameter demonstrated significant differences between EtIso0.9 and EtIs1.5 during both EarlyP and LateP phases (EarlyP: EtIso0.9, 72 ± 23 vs EtIso1.5, 48 ± 23, (<em>P</em> = 0.011); LateP: EtIso0.9, 65 ± 27 vs EtIso1.5, 43 ± 23, (<em>P</em> = 0.022)). Currently, these monitors do not appear to be useful for assessing anaesthetic depth in horses under the studied conditions, although they do seem to be useful for detecting induced nociceptive stimuli.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15798,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Veterinary Science","volume":"147 ","pages":"Article 105398"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143483251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-18DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105387
L. Skurková , L. Matulníková , B. Peťková , M. Florian , M. Slivková , L. Lešková , L. Mesarčová , J. Kottferová
This study aimed to assess the seasonal changes of the cortisol concentrations in horsehair (HCC), as an indicator of long-term or chronic stress. Hair samples were taken four times throughout one year from 12 horses (aged from 1.5 to 30 years), and analysed by the ELISA method. The sampling interval (interval between two collections of the samples representing two different seasons) ranged between 102 and 115 days. Seasonal dynamics have been confirmed with a pattern: August ˃ November ˃ January ˃ April (F (3.93) = 50.28, P < 0.001). The lowest cortisol concentrations were detected in April samples (mean value 10.05 ng/ml, SD 1.80 (n = 36)), whereas the highest levels were detected in August samples (mean 18.63 ng/ml, SD 4.61 (n = 36)). The correlations across samples taken from various body areas (from the mane, tail, and carpal area of the right forelimb) were investigated, but the body area has no effect on the cortisol concentrations (F (2.31) = 1.22, P = 0.308). In relation to the variable “sampling area” difference was found only for the winter - between the mane/leg, and tail/leg (F (2.32 = 3.79, P < 0.05), but not for mane/tail (P > 0.87). No difference in HCC associated with the variable “age” was revealed. Due to the small sample size and because of several various factors that may contribute to seasonal patterns of HCC, these results must be interpreted with caution.
{"title":"Seasonal pattern of cortisol fluctuation in horsehair samples from three different body areas: A year long study","authors":"L. Skurková , L. Matulníková , B. Peťková , M. Florian , M. Slivková , L. Lešková , L. Mesarčová , J. Kottferová","doi":"10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105387","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105387","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to assess the seasonal changes of the cortisol concentrations in horsehair (HCC), as an indicator of long-term or chronic stress. Hair samples were taken four times throughout one year from 12 horses (aged from 1.5 to 30 years), and analysed by the ELISA method. The sampling interval (interval between two collections of the samples representing two different seasons) ranged between 102 and 115 days. Seasonal dynamics have been confirmed with a pattern: August ˃ November ˃ January ˃ April (F (3.93) = 50.28, <em>P</em> < 0.001). The lowest cortisol concentrations were detected in April samples (mean value 10.05 ng/ml, SD 1.80 (<em>n</em> = 36)), whereas the highest levels were detected in August samples (mean 18.63 ng/ml, SD 4.61 (<em>n</em> = 36)). The correlations across samples taken from various body areas (from the mane, tail, and carpal area of the right forelimb) were investigated, but the body area has no effect on the cortisol concentrations (F (2.31) = 1.22, <em>P</em> = 0.308). In relation to the variable “sampling area” difference was found only for the winter - between the mane/leg, and tail/leg (F (2.32 = 3.79, <em>P</em> < 0.05), but not for mane/tail (<em>P</em> > 0.87). No difference in HCC associated with the variable “age” was revealed. Due to the small sample size and because of several various factors that may contribute to seasonal patterns of HCC, these results must be interpreted with caution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15798,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Veterinary Science","volume":"147 ","pages":"Article 105387"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143454312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cerebellar abiotrophy is a neurodegenerative disease that affects the Purkinje cells of the cerebellum, resulting in premature neuronal death. In horses, its occurrence has been reported mainly in the Arabian breed as a congenital mutation inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. The objective of this study was to describe the case of cerebellar abiotrophy in a Quarter Horse foal. An 8-day-old foal was treated after presenting signs of ataxia, hypermetria, difficulty maintaining a standing position, and decreased menace response. The foal was hospitalized for 26 days, received treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics, dexamethasone, dimethyl sulfoxide, vitamins B1 and C, and showed a positive response, but relapsed after cessation of therapy. Given the poor prognosis, the animal was euthanized. Postmortem examination revealed degeneration and necrosis of Purkinje neurons and proliferation of glial cells. The clinical signs and pathological findings were compatible with cerebellar abiotrophy. It is important for the breed that cases of foals with cerebellar syndrome be investigated, while new studies are conducted to identify a possible genetic mutation as is the case in the Arabian breed.
{"title":"Cerebellar abiotrophy in a quarter horse foal","authors":"A.L.M. Primo , D.M. Assis , V.G.S. Santos , L.R.B. Melo","doi":"10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105386","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105386","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cerebellar abiotrophy is a neurodegenerative disease that affects the Purkinje cells of the cerebellum, resulting in premature neuronal death. In horses, its occurrence has been reported mainly in the Arabian breed as a congenital mutation inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. The objective of this study was to describe the case of cerebellar abiotrophy in a Quarter Horse foal. An 8-day-old foal was treated after presenting signs of ataxia, hypermetria, difficulty maintaining a standing position, and decreased menace response. The foal was hospitalized for 26 days, received treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics, dexamethasone, dimethyl sulfoxide, vitamins B1 and C, and showed a positive response, but relapsed after cessation of therapy. Given the poor prognosis, the animal was euthanized. Postmortem examination revealed degeneration and necrosis of Purkinje neurons and proliferation of glial cells. The clinical signs and pathological findings were compatible with cerebellar abiotrophy. It is important for the breed that cases of foals with cerebellar syndrome be investigated, while new studies are conducted to identify a possible genetic mutation as is the case in the Arabian breed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15798,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Veterinary Science","volume":"147 ","pages":"Article 105386"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143441193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-16DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105383
Christopher Faulk
Sequencing a genome by students has now become practical as we demonstrated with our recent publication of the Przewalski's horse (Equus ferus przewalskii) genome. In this review, I describe my experience teaching genome assembly in the classroom. In my course, students sequenced, assembled, and published a high-quality genome for Przewalski's horse using Oxford Nanopore long-read sequencing with only $4000 of materials. Along with the genome, we assembled the mitochondrial genome, sequence variants, predicted gene annotations, and DNA methylation levels. Our genome statistics far exceeded the previous Przewalski's horse assembly and is on par the domestic horse genome, EquCab3.0. Methods were streamlined, simplified, and conveyed in markdown for complete recording and use in the classroom. All students were authors on the resulting manuscript. By bringing genome assembly into the classroom, we provide both new reference genomes and new genomics expertise to the scientific community at the same time.
{"title":"Sequencing and assembling the genome of Przewalski's horse in the classroom","authors":"Christopher Faulk","doi":"10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105383","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105383","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sequencing a genome by students has now become practical as we demonstrated with our recent publication of the Przewalski's horse (<em>Equus ferus przewalskii</em>) genome. In this review, I describe my experience teaching genome assembly in the classroom. In my course, students sequenced, assembled, and published a high-quality genome for Przewalski's horse using Oxford Nanopore long-read sequencing with only $4000 of materials. Along with the genome, we assembled the mitochondrial genome, sequence variants, predicted gene annotations, and DNA methylation levels. Our genome statistics far exceeded the previous Przewalski's horse assembly and is on par the domestic horse genome, EquCab3.0. Methods were streamlined, simplified, and conveyed in markdown for complete recording and use in the classroom. All students were authors on the resulting manuscript. By bringing genome assembly into the classroom, we provide both new reference genomes and new genomics expertise to the scientific community at the same time.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15798,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Veterinary Science","volume":"147 ","pages":"Article 105383"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143430126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In humans, there is an ongoing academic discussion about measuring plasma lactate concentration ([La−]) during an incremental exercise test (IET) to establish thresholds that can predict the maximal lactate steady state (MLSS). Training studies on horses have utilized the onset of [La−] (OBLA4 mM), also known as V4, the velocity at which the [La−] of 4 mM is reached. This study assesses the effectiveness of four methods for estimating the MLSS in teaching horses. Ten teaching horses underwent a single IET to determine four exercise intensity thresholds for predicting MLSS and performed several constant intensity running bouts to obtain the MLSS. The velocity corresponding to the visual lactate threshold (VLTV) reached by the horses during IET was the intensity in the first bout. A randomized and blind trial used a visual analysis (LTV) and a bi-segmented linear regression model (LTBI). The agreement among the velocities corresponding to the V2, V4, VLTV, and VLTBI and the MLSS (VMLSS) was established using mean difference (MD), ordinary least products (OLP), and correlation coefficient (r). The average plasma [La−] at MLSS was 1.50 ± 0.37 mM, and the V4 was higher than VMLSS with an MD of 2.12 ± 0.59 m/s between them. V2 and VLTV showed the lowest mean bias when compared to the VMLSS. The V4 threshold, as determined with the IET protocol used, is unsuitable for estimating MLSS. In the exercise test protocol used in this study, predicting the VMLSS based on V2, VLTV, or VLTBI may be more accurate.
{"title":"Evaluating plasma lactate running speed derived parameters for predicting maximal lactate steady state in teaching horses","authors":"T.O. Littiere , G.B. Costa , N.A.A. Sales , J.R.G. Carvalho , I.D.M. Rodriguez , G.V. Ramos , G.C. Ferraz","doi":"10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105385","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105385","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In humans, there is an ongoing academic discussion about measuring plasma lactate concentration ([La<sup>−</sup>]) during an incremental exercise test (IET) to establish thresholds that can predict the maximal lactate steady state (MLSS). Training studies on horses have utilized the onset of [La<sup>−</sup>] (OBLA<sub>4 mM</sub>), also known as V<sub>4</sub>, the velocity at which the [La<sup>−</sup>] of 4 mM is reached. This study assesses the effectiveness of four methods for estimating the MLSS in teaching horses. Ten teaching horses underwent a single IET to determine four exercise intensity thresholds for predicting MLSS and performed several constant intensity running bouts to obtain the MLSS. The velocity corresponding to the visual lactate threshold (V<sub>LTV</sub>) reached by the horses during IET was the intensity in the first bout. A randomized and blind trial used a visual analysis (LT<sub>V</sub>) and a bi-segmented linear regression model (LT<sub>BI</sub>). The agreement among the velocities corresponding to the V<sub>2</sub>, V<sub>4</sub>, V<sub>LTV</sub>, and V<sub>LTBI</sub> and the MLSS (V<sub>MLSS</sub>) was established using mean difference (MD), ordinary least products (OLP), and correlation coefficient (<em>r</em>). The average plasma [La<sup>−</sup>] at MLSS was 1.50 ± 0.37 mM, and the V<sub>4</sub> was higher than V<sub>MLSS</sub> with an MD of 2.12 ± 0.59 m/s between them. V<sub>2</sub> and V<sub>LTV</sub> showed the lowest mean bias when compared to the V<sub>MLSS</sub>. The V<sub>4</sub> threshold, as determined with the IET protocol used, is unsuitable for estimating MLSS. In the exercise test protocol used in this study, predicting the V<sub>MLSS</sub> based on V<sub>2</sub>, V<sub>LTV</sub>, or V<sub>LTBI</sub> may be more accurate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15798,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Veterinary Science","volume":"147 ","pages":"Article 105385"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143433282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-14DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105384
G. Perrone , C. Giampaoli , A. Lorenzo Smirnoff , A. Ochoa , R. Pareja , E. De Simone
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common pathology in sport horses, presenting a chronic and recurrent course. Traditional anti-inflammatory treatments provide only temporary clinical improvement and pain relief; however, they have been associated with metabolic disorders in articular cartilage in the medium term. In this study, we generated a llama polyclonal antibody against equine TNF-α, which was used for intra-articular treatment in horses with OA. Treatment effects were assessed through clinical examination and the determination of inflammatory parameters (MMP-2, MMP-9, LDH, and GAGs) in synovial fluid prior to treatment (T0) and on day 30 (T30). Treated animals showed significant improvement in the clinical score, which decreased from 8.47 ± 2.57 to 6.16 ± 1.71 (mean ± SD) on T30 (p < 0.001). Additionally, a reduction in the activity of MMP-2 (188 % ± 82.99 to 147 % ± 40.6 %, p < 0.05), MMP-9 (100 % ± 61.28 to 74.37 % ± 64.26, p < 0.05), and LDH (239.3 IU/l ± 147.4 to 143 IU/l ± 61.21, p < 0.01) was observed. Furthermore, on T30, GAGs levels were significantly increased (1.167 ± 0.46 mg/ml to 1.439 ± 0.267 mg/ml, p < 0.01). These results indicate that the local blockade of pro-inflammatory molecules such as TNF-α reduces pain and the levels of inflammatory molecules associated with catabolic processes and joint damage.
{"title":"Early effects of anti-TNFα antibodies in horses with osteoarthritis","authors":"G. Perrone , C. Giampaoli , A. Lorenzo Smirnoff , A. Ochoa , R. Pareja , E. De Simone","doi":"10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105384","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105384","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common pathology in sport horses, presenting a chronic and recurrent course. Traditional anti-inflammatory treatments provide only temporary clinical improvement and pain relief; however, they have been associated with metabolic disorders in articular cartilage in the medium term. In this study, we generated a llama polyclonal antibody against equine TNF-α, which was used for intra-articular treatment in horses with OA. Treatment effects were assessed through clinical examination and the determination of inflammatory parameters (MMP-2, MMP-9, LDH, and GAGs) in synovial fluid prior to treatment (T0) and on day 30 (T30). Treated animals showed significant improvement in the clinical score, which decreased from 8.47 ± 2.57 to 6.16 ± 1.71 (mean ± SD) on T30 (<em>p</em> < 0.001). Additionally, a reduction in the activity of MMP-2 (188 % ± 82.99 to 147 % ± 40.6 %, <em>p</em> < 0.05), MMP-9 (100 % ± 61.28 to 74.37 % ± 64.26, <em>p</em> < 0.05), and LDH (239.3 IU/l ± 147.4 to 143 IU/l ± 61.21, <em>p</em> < 0.01) was observed. Furthermore, on T30, GAGs levels were significantly increased (1.167 ± 0.46 mg/ml to 1.439 ± 0.267 mg/ml, <em>p</em> < 0.01). These results indicate that the local blockade of pro-inflammatory molecules such as TNF-α reduces pain and the levels of inflammatory molecules associated with catabolic processes and joint damage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15798,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Veterinary Science","volume":"147 ","pages":"Article 105384"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143433281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号