Journal of Equine Veterinary Science最新文献_第4页

A study on the prevalence of cyathostomin and Anoplocephala perfoliata infections in Italian horses: diagnostic testing and analysis of factors affecting infection risk 意大利马cyathostomin和Anoplocephala perfoliata感染流行率的研究：诊断测试和感染风险影响因素分析。

IF 1.6 3区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science

Pub Date : 2025-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105763

F. Buono , E. Castaldo , S. Scarcelli , D. Piantedosi , G. Oliveto , G. Sgroi , K.L. Lightbody , N. Peczak , S. Engeham , P.A. Lambert , J.B. Matthews , V. Veneziano

Background

Cyathostomins and Anoplocephala perfoliata infect equids worldwide and both are of concern due to their potential to cause clinical disease. Although coprological techniques are commonly used for assessing helminth egg shedding these do not provide information about an individual’s total parasite burden. Antibody-based tests provide information on infection levels within individuals.

Aims/objectives

This study aimed to evaluate cyathostomin and Anoplocephala perfoliata occurrence in Italian horses using coprological and serum-based antibody detection methods and to analyse risk factors for infection at the individual level.

Methods

Samples from 173 horses were collected on 35 farms. Coprological examinations were performed using Mini-FLOTAC or a centrifugation/flotation technique. Parasite-specific antibody levels were assessed by ELISA using the Tapeworm Blood Test and the Small Redworm Blood Test.

Results

Intestinal strongyle and tapeworm eggs were detected in 140 (80.9 %) and five (2.9 %) faecal samples, respectively. Cyathostomin ELISA results revealed 39 horses (22.5 %) below the 1,000 total worm burden threshold, with 75 (43.0 %) below the 10,000. Tapeworm ELISA results indicated 136/173 horses (78.6 %) were below the test’s treatment threshold. Small Redworm serum score result category was associated with sex, access to pasture, strongyle FEC, no recent anti-nematode treatments and tapeworm serum score category. Tapeworm ELISA results were associated with living area, age class, sex, access to pasture, quarantine procedures, dung removal, strongyle FEC, no recent anti-nematode treatments and SR serum score category.

Conclusion

Cyathostomin and A. perfoliata infections in Italian horses are influenced by horse signalment, specific management practices and, in the case of tapeworm, living area.

背景：Cyathostomins和Anoplocephala perfoliata感染全世界的马科动物，由于它们可能引起临床疾病，两者都受到关注。虽然生殖技术通常用于评估寄生虫卵的脱落，但这些技术并不能提供有关个体寄生虫总负荷的信息。基于抗体的检测提供了个人感染水平的信息。目的/目的：本研究旨在利用基于血清学和血清的抗体检测方法评估意大利马中cyathostomin和Anoplocephala perfoliata的发生率，并分析个体水平上感染的危险因素。方法：采集35个养殖场173匹马标本。使用Mini-FLOTAC或离心/浮选技术进行泌尿学检查。采用ELISA法测定绦虫血试验和小红虫血试验的寄生虫特异性抗体水平。结果：粪便标本检出肠圆线虫140例（80.9%），绦虫卵5例（2.9%）。Cyathostomin ELISA结果显示，39匹马（22.5%）低于总虫负荷阈值1000,75匹马（43.0%）低于总虫负荷阈值10000。绦虫酶联免疫吸附试验结果显示136/173匹马（78.6%）低于试验治疗阈值。小红虫血清评分结果类别与性别、是否放牧、圆形FEC、近期未进行抗线虫治疗和绦虫血清评分类别相关。绦虫酶联免疫吸附测定结果与生活区域、年龄、性别、牧场出入情况、检疫程序、粪便清除、圆环FEC、近期未接受抗线虫治疗和SR血清评分类别相关。结论：意大利马的Cyathostomin和perfoliata感染受马匹信号、特定管理措施和生活区域（绦虫）的影响。

{"title":"A study on the prevalence of cyathostomin and Anoplocephala perfoliata infections in Italian horses: diagnostic testing and analysis of factors affecting infection risk","authors":"F. Buono , E. Castaldo , S. Scarcelli , D. Piantedosi , G. Oliveto , G. Sgroi , K.L. Lightbody , N. Peczak , S. Engeham , P.A. Lambert , J.B. Matthews , V. Veneziano","doi":"10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105763","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105763","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Cyathostomins and <em>Anoplocephala perfoliata</em> infect equids worldwide and both are of concern due to their potential to cause clinical disease. Although coprological techniques are commonly used for assessing helminth egg shedding these do not provide information about an individual’s total parasite burden. Antibody-based tests provide information on infection levels within individuals.</div></div><div><h3>Aims/objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to evaluate cyathostomin and <em>Anoplocephala perfoliata</em> occurrence in Italian horses using coprological and serum-based antibody detection methods and to analyse risk factors for infection at the individual level.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Samples from 173 horses were collected on 35 farms. Coprological examinations were performed using Mini-FLOTAC or a centrifugation/flotation technique. Parasite-specific antibody levels were assessed by ELISA using the Tapeworm Blood Test and the Small Redworm Blood Test.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Intestinal strongyle and tapeworm eggs were detected in 140 (80.9 %) and five (2.9 %) faecal samples, respectively. Cyathostomin ELISA results revealed 39 horses (22.5 %) below the 1,000 total worm burden threshold, with 75 (43.0 %) below the 10,000. Tapeworm ELISA results indicated 136/173 horses (78.6 %) were below the test’s treatment threshold. Small Redworm serum score result category was associated with sex, access to pasture, strongyle FEC, no recent anti-nematode treatments and tapeworm serum score category. Tapeworm ELISA results were associated with living area, age class, sex, access to pasture, quarantine procedures, dung removal, strongyle FEC, no recent anti-nematode treatments and SR serum score category.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Cyathostomin and <em>A. perfoliata</em> infections in Italian horses are influenced by horse signalment, specific management practices and, in the case of tapeworm, living area.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15798,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Veterinary Science","volume":"157 ","pages":"Article 105763"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145888607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of transdermal melatonin on circulating cortisol and blood chemistry in horses exposed to transport stress 经皮褪黑素对运输应激马循环皮质醇和血液化学的影响。

IF 1.6 3区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science

Pub Date : 2025-12-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105756

W.L. Crossland , E.O. Aviles-Rosa , E.B. Perry , C. Crowell , E. Webberson , J. Brown , J. Fassbender

Our objective was to evaluate the effect of transdermal melatonin on physiological stress biomarkers in horses, with some subjected to transport stress. Sixteen horses were assigned to a 2 × 2 factorial design assessing treatment (melatonin vs. no melatonin) and transport status (transported vs. non-transported), creating four groups: Control (CON), Transport only (TRS), Melatonin only (MEL), and Melatonin plus Transport (MELTRS). Horses in melatonin groups received 24 mg/day transdermally for 21 days and transported groups underwent a 3-hour trailer ride on day 21. Day 21 blood samples were analyzed for cortisol, melatonin, and standard blood chemistry parameters. There was no interaction of Transport and Melatonin. Fixed effect of transport significantly elevated cortisol, glucose, direct bilirubin, and sodium-to-potassium ratios (P ≤ 0.039). Fixed effect of melatonin significantly reduced cortisol levels (P = 0.029). Results suggest transdermal melatonin may reduce cortisol and potentially mitigate transport-induced stress, though further studies are needed.

我们的目的是评估透皮褪黑素对马生理应激生物标志物的影响，其中一些马遭受运输应激。16匹马被分配到2 × 2因子设计中，评估治疗（褪黑激素与不褪黑激素）和运输状态（运输与非运输），分为四组：对照组（CON），仅运输（TRS），仅褪黑激素（MEL）和褪黑激素加运输（MELTRS）。褪黑素组给药24 mg/d，连续21天，运输组在第21天进行3小时的拖车骑行。第21天的血样分析皮质醇、褪黑激素和标准血液化学参数。Transport和褪黑素没有相互作用。固定转运显著提高皮质醇、葡萄糖、直接胆红素和钠钾比值（P≤0.039）。褪黑素的固定效应显著降低皮质醇水平（P = 0.029）。研究结果表明，透皮褪黑激素可能会降低皮质醇，并可能减轻运输引起的应激，但还需要进一步的研究。

{"title":"Effect of transdermal melatonin on circulating cortisol and blood chemistry in horses exposed to transport stress","authors":"W.L. Crossland , E.O. Aviles-Rosa , E.B. Perry , C. Crowell , E. Webberson , J. Brown , J. Fassbender","doi":"10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105756","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105756","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Our objective was to evaluate the effect of transdermal melatonin on physiological stress biomarkers in horses, with some subjected to transport stress. Sixteen horses were assigned to a 2 × 2 factorial design assessing treatment (melatonin vs. no melatonin) and transport status (transported vs. non-transported), creating four groups: Control (CON), Transport only (TRS), Melatonin only (MEL), and Melatonin plus Transport (MELTRS). Horses in melatonin groups received 24 mg/day transdermally for 21 days and transported groups underwent a 3-hour trailer ride on day 21. Day 21 blood samples were analyzed for cortisol, melatonin, and standard blood chemistry parameters. There was no interaction of Transport and Melatonin. Fixed effect of transport significantly elevated cortisol, glucose, direct bilirubin, and sodium-to-potassium ratios (<em>P</em> ≤ 0.039). Fixed effect of melatonin significantly reduced cortisol levels (<em>P</em> = 0.029). Results suggest transdermal melatonin may reduce cortisol and potentially mitigate transport-induced stress, though further studies are needed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15798,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Veterinary Science","volume":"157 ","pages":"Article 105756"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145850140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Equine platelet lysate exhibits bacteriostatic effects against gram-negative clinical bacterial isolates 马血小板裂解液对革兰氏阴性临床分离细菌具有抑菌作用。

IF 1.6 3区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science

Pub Date : 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105753

M. Parker, H. Arnade, J.L. Parker, J. Gordon, J.F. Peroni

Background

Investigation of alternative antibiotic therapies is critical for the future of medicine. Platelet lysate (PL) is a blood product that has shown antibiotic potential, which could be used to augment or replace current antibiotics.

Objectives

To compare the effects of equine PL versus antibiotics on growth of clinically isolated antibiotic resistant bacteria. We hypothesized that PL would exert an antimicrobial effect on equine bacterial isolates resistant to antibiotics.

Methods

In vitro experimental study. Platelets were collected via apheresis from nine donor horses and underwent two freeze-thaw cycles. PL was pooled from three different equine donors to create three unique batches. Growth curve and time kill assays were performed on three clinical Enterobacteriaceae-family isolates using 40 % v/v PL treatment, PBS control, or antibiotics as a comparison. Assay results were analyzed statistically across treatments.

Results

Bacteria dosed with PL demonstrated a significantly reduced growth rate (mOD/min) over 16-hours compared to control and antibiotics (E. cloacae complex: PL 0.93-1.72; PBS 5.50; ceftiofur 5.84. E. hormachei: PL 0.92-1.58; PBS 5.27; gentamicin 5.13. M. morganii: PL 1.94-2.39; PBS 3.96; TMS 4.04). A mild bactericidal effect (log fold change from 0 hours) was observed after 1 hour (ECC: PL -0.28 – -079; PBS 0.42; ceftiofur 0.1. E. hormachei: PL -0.18 – -0.36; PBS 0.61; gentamicin 0.46. M. morganii: PL -0.09– -0.26; PBS 0.36; TMS 0.11).

Conclusions

PL (40 % v/v) exhibited a bacteriostatic effect on clinical bacterial isolates. PL significantly reduced the number of viable organisms when compared to treatment with antibiotics to which the isolates were resistant.

背景：研究替代抗生素疗法对医学的未来至关重要。血小板裂解液（PL）是一种具有抗生素潜力的血液制品，可用于补充或替代现有的抗生素。目的：比较马药与抗生素对临床分离的耐药菌生长的影响。我们假设PL会对马的耐药细菌分离株产生抗菌作用。方法：体外实验研究。从9匹供体马身上采集血小板，并进行两次冻融循环。PL从三个不同的马捐赠者中汇集，以创建三个独特的批次。采用40% v/v PL处理、PBS对照和抗生素对照，对3株肠杆菌科临床分离株进行生长曲线和时间杀伤测定。对不同处理的检测结果进行统计学分析。结果：与对照组和抗生素（阴沟肠杆菌复合物：PL: 0.93-1.72; PBS: 5.50；头孢替福：5.84）相比，使用PL的细菌在16小时内的生长速度（mOD/min）显著降低。E. hormachei: PL 0.92-1.58；PBS 5.27;庆大霉素5.13。M. morganii: PL 1.94-2.39；PBS 3.96;经颅磁刺激4.04)。1小时后观察到轻微的杀菌效果（从0小时起变化对数倍）（ECC: PL -0.28 - -079; PBS 0.42；头孢替弗0.1）。E. hormachei: PL -0.18 - -0.36；PBS 0.61;庆大霉素0.46。M. morganii: PL -0.09- -0.26；PBS 0.36;经颅磁刺激0.11)。结论：PL （40% v/v）对临床分离的细菌具有抑菌作用。与菌株耐药的抗生素治疗相比，PL显著减少了活菌的数量。

{"title":"Equine platelet lysate exhibits bacteriostatic effects against gram-negative clinical bacterial isolates","authors":"M. Parker, H. Arnade, J.L. Parker, J. Gordon, J.F. Peroni","doi":"10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105753","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105753","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Investigation of alternative antibiotic therapies is critical for the future of medicine. Platelet lysate (PL) is a blood product that has shown antibiotic potential, which could be used to augment or replace current antibiotics.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To compare the effects of equine PL versus antibiotics on growth of clinically isolated antibiotic resistant bacteria. We hypothesized that PL would exert an antimicrobial effect on equine bacterial isolates resistant to antibiotics.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div><em>In vitro</em> experimental study. Platelets were collected via apheresis from nine donor horses and underwent two freeze-thaw cycles. PL was pooled from three different equine donors to create three unique batches. Growth curve and time kill assays were performed on three clinical Enterobacteriaceae-family isolates using 40 % v/v PL treatment, PBS control, or antibiotics as a comparison. Assay results were analyzed statistically across treatments.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Bacteria dosed with PL demonstrated a significantly reduced growth rate (mOD/min) over 16-hours compared to control and antibiotics (<em>E. cloacae</em> complex: PL 0.93-1.72; PBS 5.50; ceftiofur 5.84. <em>E. hormachei</em>: PL 0.92-1.58; PBS 5.27; gentamicin 5.13. <em>M. morganii</em>: PL 1.94-2.39; PBS 3.96; TMS 4.04). A mild bactericidal effect (log fold change from 0 hours) was observed after 1 hour (<em>ECC</em>: PL -0.28 – -079; PBS 0.42; ceftiofur 0.1. <em>E. hormachei</em>: PL -0.18 – -0.36; PBS 0.61; gentamicin 0.46. <em>M. morganii</em>: PL -0.09– -0.26; PBS 0.36; TMS 0.11).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>PL (40 % v/v) exhibited a bacteriostatic effect on clinical bacterial isolates. PL significantly reduced the number of viable organisms when compared to treatment with antibiotics to which the isolates were resistant.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15798,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Veterinary Science","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 105753"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145781353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Measuring emotional contagion in Horse–Human interactions: A systematic scoping review of methods and outcomes 测量马-人互动中的情绪传染：方法和结果的系统范围审查。

IF 1.6 3区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science

Pub Date : 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105754

Mirela Alexandra Tripon , Dan Manolăchescu , Ionel Papuc , Zsofia Daradics , Cristian Mihăiță Crecan

Background

Emotional contagion between horses and humans is a key aspect of their interaction, influencing welfare, training, and therapy, yet current methods for measuring this phenomenon lack standardization and consistency.

Aims/Objectives

The aim of this study was to verify what methods are used to assess emotional contagion in horse–human interactions, and what outcomes have been reported.

Methods

A systematic search of Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and Science Direct was conducted up to March 2024. Peer-reviewed studies assessing emotional transfer through behavioral and/or physiological measures were included; studies outside this scope were excluded. From n = 486 records screened, n = 104 met inclusion criteria. Behavioral indicators included body language, facial expressions, and vocalizations. Physiological indicators included heart rate, heart rate variability (HRV), and cortisol concentrations.

Results

Behavioral measures, particularly body language (73.1 %), were most frequently applied. Heart rate (49 %) and HRV (30.8 %) dominated physiological assessments, while cortisol was less often used. Studies combining behavioral and physiological methods, especially body language with heart rate or variability, provided more robust insights into emotional contagion. However, methodological inconsistencies and lack of standardized frameworks limited comparability across studies.

Conclusion

Combining behavioral and physiological measures offers a more comprehensive assessment of emotional contagion in horse–human interactions. To advance this field, standardized frameworks, interdisciplinary collaboration, and integration of emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence and wearable devices are needed. These improvements could enhance reliability, enable real-time monitoring, and support evidence-based practices that benefit both horse welfare and human–horse interactions.

背景：马与人之间的情绪传染是它们相互作用的一个关键方面，影响着福利、训练和治疗，但目前测量这种现象的方法缺乏标准化和一致性。目的/目的：本研究的目的是验证使用什么方法来评估马-人互动中的情绪感染，以及已经报道的结果。方法：系统检索谷歌Scholar、Web of Science、Scopus、PubMed、Science Direct等数据库，检索截止至2024年3月。通过行为和/或生理测量评估情绪转移的同行评议研究被纳入；超出此范围的研究被排除在外。从n = 筛选的486条记录中，n = 104条符合纳入标准。行为指标包括肢体语言、面部表情和发声。生理指标包括心率、心率变异性（HRV）和皮质醇浓度。结果：行为测量，尤其是肢体语言（73.1%）是最常用的。心率（49%）和HRV（30.8%）在生理评估中占主导地位，而皮质醇较少使用。结合行为和生理方法的研究，特别是与心率或变异性有关的肢体语言，为情绪传染提供了更有力的见解。然而，方法的不一致性和缺乏标准化框架限制了研究之间的可比性。结论：结合行为学和生理学的测量方法可以更全面地评估马-人互动中的情绪传染。为了推进这一领域的发展，需要标准化框架、跨学科合作以及人工智能和可穿戴设备等新兴技术的整合。这些改进可以提高可靠性，实现实时监测，并支持有利于马福利和人马互动的循证实践。

{"title":"Measuring emotional contagion in Horse–Human interactions: A systematic scoping review of methods and outcomes","authors":"Mirela Alexandra Tripon , Dan Manolăchescu , Ionel Papuc , Zsofia Daradics , Cristian Mihăiță Crecan","doi":"10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105754","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105754","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Emotional contagion between horses and humans is a key aspect of their interaction, influencing welfare, training, and therapy, yet current methods for measuring this phenomenon lack standardization and consistency.</div></div><div><h3>Aims/Objectives</h3><div>The aim of this study was to verify what methods are used to assess emotional contagion in horse–human interactions, and what outcomes have been reported.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A systematic search of Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and Science Direct was conducted up to March 2024. Peer-reviewed studies assessing emotional transfer through behavioral and/or physiological measures were included; studies outside this scope were excluded. From <em>n</em> <em>=</em> <em>486</em> records screened, <em>n</em> <em>=</em> <em>104</em> met inclusion criteria. Behavioral indicators included body language, facial expressions, and vocalizations. Physiological indicators included heart rate, heart rate variability (HRV), and cortisol concentrations.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Behavioral measures, particularly body language (73.1 %), were most frequently applied. Heart rate (49 %) and HRV (30.8 %) dominated physiological assessments, while cortisol was less often used. Studies combining behavioral and physiological methods, especially body language with heart rate or variability, provided more robust insights into emotional contagion. However, methodological inconsistencies and lack of standardized frameworks limited comparability across studies.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Combining behavioral and physiological measures offers a more comprehensive assessment of emotional contagion in horse–human interactions. To advance this field, standardized frameworks, interdisciplinary collaboration, and integration of emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence and wearable devices are needed. These improvements could enhance reliability, enable real-time monitoring, and support evidence-based practices that benefit both horse welfare and human–horse interactions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15798,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Veterinary Science","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 105754"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145781348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Horses show limited owner bias in reunion and odor tests: a pilot study 马在团聚和气味测试中表现出有限的主人偏见：一项试点研究。

IF 1.6 3区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science

Pub Date : 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105755

Ellinor Rönnow, Lina S.V. Roth

Compared to other companion animals, our understanding of the human-horse relationship is limited, particularly from the horse’s perspective. This pilot study examined whether horses (N = 30) show a bias towards their owner in a reunion in the presence of both the owner and a stranger. Afterwards, the horses were also presented with the odor of the owner and a stranger. Both tests were video recorded for behavioral analyzation. No significant owner-directed bias was observed at the group level in either the reunion test or the odor test. Nonetheless, in the reunion test, owner bias in physical contact - though limited in number - was positively associated with the length of the horse-owner relationships. There were no effects of sex (mares and geldings) or types of horses (Icelandic horses, pony-sized breeds, and larger horse breeds), or age. In the odor test, older horses revealed a stronger owner bias than younger horses, but no significant effects were found for sex, horse type, or relationship length. Hence, we did not find evidence of a conclusive owner bias in our tests. Therefore, we speculate that horses may form a more generalized relationship with humans, based on their previous individual experiences with humans.

与其他伴侣动物相比，我们对人马关系的理解是有限的，尤其是从马的角度来看。这项初步研究考察了马（N=30）在主人和陌生人在场的团聚中是否会对主人表现出偏见。之后，马也会闻到主人和陌生人的气味。两个测试都被录像以供行为分析。在团聚测试或气味测试中，在组水平上没有观察到显着的所有者导向偏见。尽管如此，在重聚测试中，主人对身体接触的偏见——尽管数量有限——与马主人关系的长度呈正相关。性别（母马和阉马）、马的种类（冰岛马、小马大小的品种和较大的品种）或年龄都没有影响。在气味测试中，年长的马比年轻的马表现出更强的主人偏见，但在性别、马的类型或关系长度方面没有发现显著的影响。因此，在我们的测试中，我们没有发现决定性的所有者偏见的证据。因此，我们推测，基于马之前与人类的个体经历，它们可能与人类形成一种更广义的关系。

{"title":"Horses show limited owner bias in reunion and odor tests: a pilot study","authors":"Ellinor Rönnow, Lina S.V. Roth","doi":"10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105755","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105755","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Compared to other companion animals, our understanding of the human-horse relationship is limited, particularly from the horse’s perspective. This pilot study examined whether horses (<em>N</em> = 30) show a bias towards their owner in a reunion in the presence of both the owner and a stranger. Afterwards, the horses were also presented with the odor of the owner and a stranger. Both tests were video recorded for behavioral analyzation. No significant owner-directed bias was observed at the group level in either the reunion test or the odor test. Nonetheless, in the reunion test, owner bias in physical contact - though limited in number - was positively associated with the length of the horse-owner relationships. There were no effects of sex (mares and geldings) or types of horses (Icelandic horses, pony-sized breeds, and larger horse breeds), or age. In the odor test, older horses revealed a stronger owner bias than younger horses, but no significant effects were found for sex, horse type, or relationship length. Hence, we did not find evidence of a conclusive owner bias in our tests. Therefore, we speculate that horses may form a more generalized relationship with humans, based on their previous individual experiences with humans.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15798,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Veterinary Science","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 105755"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145781439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pedigree tracing to determine the origin of the golden coat phenotype within the golden American saddlebred horse 确定金色美洲鞍马金色皮毛表型起源的系谱追踪。

IF 1.6 3区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105752

B. Pepper , E. North , J. Culwell , M.C. Nicodemus , C. Cavinder , K. Harvey , T. Williams

Background

Due to the incorporation of the Golden American Saddlebred Horse Association (GASHA) into the American Saddlebred Horse and Breeders Association (ASHBA), breeding for coat color has become more challenging for horse breeders. However, with this merger, pedigree tracing can be of value in pinpointing foundation bloodlines within the GASHA that influence production of the golden coat phenotype.

Objectives

The study objective was to document the historical origins of the GASHA through pedigree tracing to determine the influence of dilution alleles that produce the golden coat phenotype.

Methods

A sample of 550 horses was obtained from the GASHA Official Directory. Using the All-Breed Database, sampled horses were examined for pedigrees suitable for color inheritance analysis with 507 being found to have extended pedigrees with coat color documentation that were traced to record lineage and associated coat color assignments.

Results

Pedigrees traced determined 43 % carried the champagne dilution allele, 36.1 % carried the crème dilution allele, and 20 % had non-informative pedigrees that either traced back to unknown ancestors or were found to have incorrect ancestry. Another 0.9 % were determined to be obligate carriers for the crème dilution allele due to conflicting color designation. All pedigrees traced back to six foundation mares with the majority tracing back to two of these mares, Maud which carried the champagne dilution allele and Allens Queen which carried the crème dilution allele.

Conclusion

Through pedigree tracing the GASHA origins were documented, unveiling genetic contributions for today's GASHA golden coat phenotype that can facilitate selective breeding practices.

背景：由于黄金美鞍马协会（GASHA）并入美国鞍马和育种协会（ASHBA），对马匹育种者来说，毛色的育种变得更具挑战性。然而，通过这次合并，谱系追踪可以在GASHA中精确定位影响金色被毛表型产生的基础血统方面具有价值。目的：研究目的是通过系谱追踪来记录GASHA的历史起源，以确定产生金色皮毛表型的稀释等位基因的影响。方法：从GASHA官方名录中获得550匹马的样本。使用全品种数据库，对抽样的马进行了适合颜色遗传分析的血统检查，发现507匹马具有扩展的血统，其中有毛色文件，可追溯记录血统和相关的毛色分配。结果：家谱追踪确定43%的人携带香槟稀释等位基因，36.1%的人携带克鲁姆稀释等位基因，20%的人家谱信息不全，要么追溯到未知的祖先，要么被发现有不正确的祖先。另有0.9%因颜色名称冲突而被确定为cr稀释等位基因的专性携带者。所有的血统都可以追溯到六匹基础母马，其中大部分都可以追溯到其中的两只母马，莫德携带香槟稀释等位基因，艾伦女王携带克里姆稀释等位基因。结论：通过系谱追踪GASHA的起源，揭示了GASHA金毛表型的遗传贡献，可以促进选择性育种实践。

{"title":"Pedigree tracing to determine the origin of the golden coat phenotype within the golden American saddlebred horse","authors":"B. Pepper , E. North , J. Culwell , M.C. Nicodemus , C. Cavinder , K. Harvey , T. Williams","doi":"10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105752","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105752","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Due to the incorporation of the Golden American Saddlebred Horse Association (GASHA) into the American Saddlebred Horse and Breeders Association (ASHBA), breeding for coat color has become more challenging for horse breeders. However, with this merger, pedigree tracing can be of value in pinpointing foundation bloodlines within the GASHA that influence production of the golden coat phenotype.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The study objective was to document the historical origins of the GASHA through pedigree tracing to determine the influence of dilution alleles that produce the golden coat phenotype.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A sample of 550 horses was obtained from the GASHA Official Directory. Using the All-Breed Database, sampled horses were examined for pedigrees suitable for color inheritance analysis with 507 being found to have extended pedigrees with coat color documentation that were traced to record lineage and associated coat color assignments.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Pedigrees traced determined 43 % carried the <em>champagne</em> dilution allele, 36.1 % carried the <em>crème</em> dilution allele, and 20 % had non-informative pedigrees that either traced back to unknown ancestors or were found to have incorrect ancestry. Another 0.9 % were determined to be obligate carriers for the <em>crème</em> dilution allele due to conflicting color designation. All pedigrees traced back to six foundation mares with the majority tracing back to two of these mares, Maud which carried the <em>champagne</em> dilution allele and Allens Queen which carried the <em>crème</em> dilution allele.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Through pedigree tracing the GASHA origins were documented, unveiling genetic contributions for today's GASHA golden coat phenotype that can facilitate selective breeding practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15798,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Veterinary Science","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 105752"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145742890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Detection and phylogenetic relationship of Neorickettsia risticii in horses from Southern Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil 巴西南巴西大德州马新立克氏体检测及系统发育关系。

IF 1.6 3区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science

Pub Date : 2025-12-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105749

J.G. Silva , K.R. Martins , N.M. Rahal , L.F.D. Schuch , R.C. Cunha , M.C.A. Meireles

Background

Neorickettsia risticii, an obligate intracellular bacterium, is the causative agent of Potomac Horse Fever (PHF) — a systemic, acute, and potentially fatal diarrheal disease. This pathogen is an endosymbiont of digenetic trematodes, with freshwater snails playing a role in its biological cycle. The disease exhibits endemic and seasonal patterns, primarily affecting horses in wetlands during warmer months, and has been documented in the United States, Canada, Europe, and South America. Previous studies confirmed the pathogen’s presence in herds from southern Brazil via serology and PCR; however, its genetic sequencing and phylogenetic classification remained unresolved.

Objective

This study aimed to perform molecular diagnosis, genetic sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis of N. risticii in naturally infected symptomatic horses, as well as to screen clinically healthy animals and Heleobia spp. snails from endemic farms.

Methods

The agent’s DNA was investigated in blood and snail samples using nested PCR.

Results

Symptomatic animals yielded a 529-bp product (consistent with N. risticii), whereas clinically healthy horses and snails showed no amplification. We report the first genetic sequences of N. risticii from southern Brazil, along with a phylogenetic study of the pathogen.

Conclusion

Sequence comparison and phylogenetic analysis revealed high similarity among the obtained samples and other sequences from South America. Our findings confirm the agent’s circulation in the region and, by enriching the genetic database, encourage further studies to elucidate the etiological agent’s epidemiology.

背景：新里克次体是一种专性细胞内细菌，是波托马克河马热（Potomac Horse Fever， PHF）的病原体——一种全身性、急性和潜在致命的腹泻疾病。该病原体是遗传吸虫的内共生体，淡水蜗牛在其生物循环中发挥作用。该病表现出地方性和季节性模式，主要在温暖的月份影响湿地的马，在美国、加拿大、欧洲和南美洲都有记录。先前的研究通过血清学和PCR证实了巴西南部畜群中存在病原体；然而，其基因序列和系统发育分类仍未解决。目的：本研究旨在对自然感染有症状的马进行瑞氏奈索菌的分子诊断、基因测序和系统发育分析，并筛选临床健康动物和流行农场的赫莱奥比氏螺。方法：采用巢式PCR法对钉螺和血液标本进行DNA检测。结果：有症状的动物产生529-bp的产物（与瑞氏奈瑟菌一致），而临床健康的马和蜗牛没有扩增。我们报告了巴西南部的第一个北丝虫基因序列，以及病原体的系统发育研究。结论：序列比较和系统发育分析表明，所获得的样品与南美其他地区的序列具有较高的相似性。我们的发现证实了该病原体在该地区的传播，并通过丰富遗传数据库，鼓励进一步研究阐明病原学病原体的流行病学。

{"title":"Detection and phylogenetic relationship of Neorickettsia risticii in horses from Southern Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil","authors":"J.G. Silva , K.R. Martins , N.M. Rahal , L.F.D. Schuch , R.C. Cunha , M.C.A. Meireles","doi":"10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105749","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105749","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div><em>Neorickettsia risticii</em>, an obligate intracellular bacterium, is the causative agent of Potomac Horse Fever (PHF) — a systemic, acute, and potentially fatal diarrheal disease. This pathogen is an endosymbiont of digenetic trematodes, with freshwater snails playing a role in its biological cycle. The disease exhibits endemic and seasonal patterns, primarily affecting horses in wetlands during warmer months, and has been documented in the United States, Canada, Europe, and South America. Previous studies confirmed the pathogen’s presence in herds from southern Brazil via serology and PCR; however, its genetic sequencing and phylogenetic classification remained unresolved.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to perform molecular diagnosis, genetic sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis of <em>N. risticii</em> in naturally infected symptomatic horses, as well as to screen clinically healthy animals and <em>Heleobia</em> spp. snails from endemic farms.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The agent’s DNA was investigated in blood and snail samples using nested PCR.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Symptomatic animals yielded a 529-bp product (consistent with <em>N. risticii</em>), whereas clinically healthy horses and snails showed no amplification. We report the first genetic sequences of <em>N. risticii</em> from southern Brazil, along with a phylogenetic study of the pathogen.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Sequence comparison and phylogenetic analysis revealed high similarity among the obtained samples and other sequences from South America. Our findings confirm the agent’s circulation in the region and, by enriching the genetic database, encourage further studies to elucidate the etiological agent’s epidemiology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15798,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Veterinary Science","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 105749"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145723857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect on equine sperm of post-thaw glycerol dilution using two different semen extenders 两种不同精液填充剂对解冻后甘油稀释对马精子的影响。

IF 1.6 3区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science

Pub Date : 2025-12-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105747

J.C. Otero , D.M. Neild , A.A. Ferrante , M.C. Gambarotta , M.L. Caldevilla

Background

Glycerol, a penetrating cryoprotectant, is most employed for deep freezing spermatozoa. However, it can induce toxic, chemical, and osmotic effects, altering the lipid structure of the sperm membrane. Rapid glycerol addition has been demonstrated to have fewer toxic effects than its removal.

Aims/objectives

To minimize both the toxic and osmotic effects of glycerol on equine sperm through post-thaw dilution using two different extenders.

Methods

Samples of equine semen frozen with 5% glycerol from nine stallions were thawed, re-diluted 1:2, and incubated for 30 minutes at 22°C in Tyrodes (Tyr) and a commercial equine extender (CE). Kinematic parameters were assessed using Computer-Assisted Semen Analysis, plasma membrane integrity and acrosome status with the fluorescein isothiocyanate-peanut agglutinin-propidium iodide stain, lipid peroxidation with the BODIPY581/591 stain, and DNA fragmentation with the Halo test.

Results

No significant differences (P>0.05) in total (TM) and progressive (PM) motility were observed between the control (TM 43.8 ± 20.9%; PM 30.6 ± 15.2%) and the tested extenders (TM Tyr 41 ± 22%, CE 40.4 ± 19.2% and PM Tyr 27.5 ± 15.6%, CE 29.7 ± 14.4%). DNA fragmentation and lipid peroxidation also showed no significant differences (P>0.05) between treatments. However, significantly higher percentages (P<0.05) of sperm with intact plasma membranes and acrosomes were recorded in CE (39.4 ± 12.3%) compared to the control (33.9 ± 10.5%) and Tyr (33.5 ± 12.1%).

Conclusion

post-thaw dilution did not yield beneficial effects on equine sperm parameters. However, dilution in CE potentially reduces the proportion of sperm with reacted acrosomes.

背景：甘油是一种穿透性冷冻保护剂，最常用于精子的深度冷冻。然而，它可以诱导毒性、化学和渗透效应，改变精子膜的脂质结构。快速添加甘油已被证明比去除甘油的毒性更小。目的/目的：通过使用两种不同的扩展剂进行解冻后稀释，最大限度地减少甘油对马精子的毒性和渗透作用。方法：将9种马的精液用5%甘油冷冻后解冻，再稀释1:2，在Tyrodes （Tyr）和商用马扩展器（CE）中于22°C孵育30分钟。使用计算机辅助精液分析评估运动参数，使用异硫氰酸荧光素-花生凝集素-碘化丙啶染色评估质膜完整性和顶体状态，使用BODIPY581/591染色评估脂质过氧化，使用Halo测试评估DNA片段。结果：对照组（TM 43.8±20.9%;PM 30.6±15.2%）与试验组（TM Tyr 41±22%,CE 40.4±19.2%;PM Tyr 27.5±15.6%,CE 29.7±14.4%）的总（TM）和渐进（PM）运动性差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。不同处理间DNA断裂和脂质过氧化也无显著差异（P < 0.05）。结论：解冻后稀释对马精子参数没有产生有益的影响。然而，在CE中稀释可能会降低具有反应顶体的精子的比例。

{"title":"Effect on equine sperm of post-thaw glycerol dilution using two different semen extenders","authors":"J.C. Otero , D.M. Neild , A.A. Ferrante , M.C. Gambarotta , M.L. Caldevilla","doi":"10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105747","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105747","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Glycerol, a penetrating cryoprotectant, is most employed for deep freezing spermatozoa. However, it can induce toxic, chemical, and osmotic effects, altering the lipid structure of the sperm membrane. Rapid glycerol addition has been demonstrated to have fewer toxic effects than its removal.</div></div><div><h3>Aims/objectives</h3><div>To minimize both the toxic and osmotic effects of glycerol on equine sperm through post-thaw dilution using two different extenders.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Samples of equine semen frozen with 5% glycerol from nine stallions were thawed, re-diluted 1:2, and incubated for 30 minutes at 22°C in Tyrodes (Tyr) and a commercial equine extender (CE). Kinematic parameters were assessed using Computer-Assisted Semen Analysis, plasma membrane integrity and acrosome status with the fluorescein isothiocyanate-peanut agglutinin-propidium iodide stain, lipid peroxidation with the BODIPY581/591 stain, and DNA fragmentation with the Halo test.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>No significant differences (P>0.05) in total (TM) and progressive (PM) motility were observed between the control (TM 43.8 ± 20.9%; PM 30.6 ± 15.2%) and the tested extenders (TM Tyr 41 ± 22%, CE 40.4 ± 19.2% and PM Tyr 27.5 ± 15.6%, CE 29.7 ± 14.4%). DNA fragmentation and lipid peroxidation also showed no significant differences (P>0.05) between treatments. However, significantly higher percentages (P<0.05) of sperm with intact plasma membranes and acrosomes were recorded in CE (39.4 ± 12.3%) compared to the control (33.9 ± 10.5%) and Tyr (33.5 ± 12.1%).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>post-thaw dilution did not yield beneficial effects on equine sperm parameters. However, dilution in CE potentially reduces the proportion of sperm with reacted acrosomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15798,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Veterinary Science","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 105747"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145723891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Impact of exercise frequency, race distance, age, and pregnancy stage on oxidative stress and lipid metabolism in purebred Arabian mares 运动频率、比赛距离、年龄和妊娠期对纯种阿拉伯母马氧化应激和脂质代谢的影响。

IF 1.6 3区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science

Pub Date : 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105751

Souad Aiche , Mira Chikhaoui , Fadhèla Smail , Naceur Benamor , Ahmed Redha Benia

Background

Pregnancy causes increased oxidative stress in mares, possibly harming both the mare and the foal, whereas the effects of different exercise levels on oxidative stress and lipid metabolism during pregnancy remain unclear.

Aims/objectives

For this reason, the aim of this research was to explore the impacts of different training intensities on oxidative stress and lipid metabolism during pregnancy.

Methods

The study comprised 22 clinically normal Purebred Arabian mares from Algeria, which were divided into three groups according to age and exercise frequency. Blood samples were collected during both early and mid-pregnancy stages to assess oxidative stress (ferric reducing antioxidant power, FRAP; thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, TBARS) and lipid metabolism (total cholesterol, CHOL; triglycerides, TG).

Results

The results showed a significant increase (P < 0.05) in both FRAP and TBRAS levels during the first trimester of pregnancy in the oldest mares that did not participate in racing. In addition, a positive correlation was observed between FRAP levels and age, as well as between TBRAS levels and the stage of pregnancy. Conversely, FRAP levels were negatively correlated with racing frequency in the studied mares.

Conclusion

Oxidative stress levels in pregnant Purebred Arabian mares differed based on age and the level of exercise. Unexercised older mares exhibited increased oxidative stress markers, indicating they are more susceptible to oxidative imbalance during pregnancy.

背景：妊娠引起母马氧化应激增加，可能对母马和马驹都有伤害，而妊娠期间不同运动水平对氧化应激和脂质代谢的影响尚不清楚。目的/目的：因此，本研究旨在探讨不同训练强度对妊娠期氧化应激和脂质代谢的影响。方法：选取22匹阿尔及利亚临床正常纯种阿拉伯母马，按年龄和运动频率分为3组。在妊娠早期和中期采集血液样本以评估氧化应激（铁还原抗氧化能力，FRAP；硫代巴比妥酸反应性物质，TBARS）和脂质代谢（总胆固醇，CHOL；甘油三酯，TG）。结果：未参加比赛的大龄母马妊娠前三个月FRAP和TBRAS水平均显著升高（P < 0.05）。此外，FRAP水平与年龄呈正相关，TBRAS水平与妊娠阶段呈正相关。相反，在研究的母马中，FRAP水平与比赛频率呈负相关。结论：妊娠纯种阿拉伯母马的氧化应激水平因年龄和运动水平的不同而不同。未锻炼的老年母马表现出更高的氧化应激标志物，表明它们在怀孕期间更容易受到氧化失衡的影响。

{"title":"Impact of exercise frequency, race distance, age, and pregnancy stage on oxidative stress and lipid metabolism in purebred Arabian mares","authors":"Souad Aiche , Mira Chikhaoui , Fadhèla Smail , Naceur Benamor , Ahmed Redha Benia","doi":"10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105751","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105751","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Pregnancy causes increased oxidative stress in mares, possibly harming both the mare and the foal, whereas the effects of different exercise levels on oxidative stress and lipid metabolism during pregnancy remain unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Aims/objectives</h3><div>For this reason, the aim of this research was to explore the impacts of different training intensities on oxidative stress and lipid metabolism during pregnancy.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study comprised 22 clinically normal Purebred Arabian mares from Algeria, which were divided into three groups according to age and exercise frequency. Blood samples were collected during both early and mid-pregnancy stages to assess oxidative stress (ferric reducing antioxidant power, FRAP; thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, TBARS) and lipid metabolism (total cholesterol, CHOL; triglycerides, TG).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The results showed a significant increase (P < 0.05) in both FRAP and TBRAS levels during the first trimester of pregnancy in the oldest mares that did not participate in racing. In addition, a positive correlation was observed between FRAP levels and age, as well as between TBRAS levels and the stage of pregnancy. Conversely, FRAP levels were negatively correlated with racing frequency in the studied mares.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Oxidative stress levels in pregnant Purebred Arabian mares differed based on age and the level of exercise. Unexercised older mares exhibited increased oxidative stress markers, indicating they are more susceptible to oxidative imbalance during pregnancy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15798,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Veterinary Science","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 105751"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145701063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Babesia caballi and Theileria equi in ticks from horses in four Indigenous communities of Costa Rica 哥斯达黎加四个土著社区马蜱中的卡巴贝斯虫和马氏巴贝斯虫。

IF 1.6 3区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science

Pub Date : 2025-12-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105750

M.F. Posada-Guzmán , A.E. Jiménez-Rocha , J.F. Sánchez-Bermúdez , J.J. Romero-Zúñiga , G. Dolz

Background

Equine piroplasmosis, caused by Babesia caballi and Theileria equi, is endemic in Costa Rica. However, the presence of these hemoparasites in tick vectors has not been documented in the country.

Aims/objectives

To identify tick species infesting horses in four Indigenous communities and to determine the presence of B. caballi and T. equi DNA in ticks from piroplasmosis-positive horses.

Methods

Ticks (n = 1063) were collected from 129 horses in four Indigenous communities. Species identification and sex classification were performed. From 76 PCR-positive horses, 203 ticks were analyzed for B. caballi and T. equi using nested PCR. Two positive samples were sequenced and compared to GenBank entries.

Results

Dermacentor nitens was the predominant tick (90.3 %), followed by Amblyomma mixtum (9.7 %). Theileria equi was detected in ticks from 55.3 % of positive horses; B. caballi was only found in coinfection with T. equi. Sequences showed 99 % similarity with GenBank references.

Conclusion

This is the first report of B. caballi and T. equi DNA detection in ticks from Costa Rica. Dermacentor nitens and A. mixtum are implicated in potential transmission. Surveillance and tick control are important in Indigenous communities to prevent the spread of pathogens. The study was based on tick samples collected in 2011; thus, results reflect the situation at that time. Updated surveillance and vector competence studies are needed to support equine health and One-Health efforts in Indigenous regions of Costa Rica.

背景：由卡巴贝斯虫和马伊勒菌引起的马螺形体病是哥斯达黎加的一种地方病。然而，在该国没有记录到蜱虫媒介中存在这些血液寄生虫。目的：鉴定4个土著社区马的蜱虫种类，并确定梨形体病阳性马的蜱虫中是否存在caballi和T. equi DNA。方法：从4个土著社区129匹马身上采集蜱虫1063只。进行了物种鉴定和性别分类。在76匹PCR阳性马中，采用巢式PCR法对203只蜱进行了卡巴利布氏杆菌和马蜱的检测。对两个阳性样本进行测序并与GenBank条目进行比较。结果：蜱类以黑毛蜱为主（90.3%），其次为混合弱视蜱（9.7%）。55.3%阳性马蜱中检出马伊勒菌；caballi仅在与马氏弓形虫共感染时发现。序列与GenBank文献相似性达99%。结论：首次在哥斯达黎加蜱中检测到卡巴利布氏体和马伊氏体DNA。皮肤革螨和混合棘球绦虫与潜在传播有关。监测和蜱虫控制对土著社区预防病原体传播很重要。这项研究是基于2011年收集的蜱虫样本；因此，结果反映了当时的情况。需要进行最新的监测和媒介能力研究，以支持哥斯达黎加土著地区的马健康和“一种健康”工作。

{"title":"Babesia caballi and Theileria equi in ticks from horses in four Indigenous communities of Costa Rica","authors":"M.F. Posada-Guzmán , A.E. Jiménez-Rocha , J.F. Sánchez-Bermúdez , J.J. Romero-Zúñiga , G. Dolz","doi":"10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105750","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105750","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Equine piroplasmosis, caused by <em>Babesia caballi</em> and <em>Theileria equi</em>, is endemic in Costa Rica. However, the presence of these hemoparasites in tick vectors has not been documented in the country.</div></div><div><h3>Aims/objectives</h3><div>To identify tick species infesting horses in four Indigenous communities and to determine the presence of <em>B. caballi</em> and <em>T. equi</em> DNA in ticks from piroplasmosis-positive horses.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Ticks (<em>n</em> = 1063) were collected from 129 horses in four Indigenous communities. Species identification and sex classification were performed. From 76 PCR-positive horses, 203 ticks were analyzed for <em>B. caballi</em> and <em>T. equi</em> using nested PCR. Two positive samples were sequenced and compared to GenBank entries<em>.</em></div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div><em>Dermacentor nitens</em> was the predominant tick (90.3 %), followed by <em>Amblyomma mixtum</em> (9.7 %). <em>Theileria equi</em> was detected in ticks from 55.3 % of positive horses; <em>B. caballi</em> was only found in coinfection with <em>T. equi</em>. Sequences showed 99 % similarity with GenBank references.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This is the first report of <em>B. caballi</em> and <em>T. equi</em> DNA detection in ticks from Costa Rica. <em>Dermacentor nitens</em> and <em>A. mixtum</em> are implicated in potential transmission. Surveillance and tick control are important in Indigenous communities to prevent the spread of pathogens. The study was based on tick samples collected in 2011; thus, results reflect the situation at that time. Updated surveillance and vector competence studies are needed to support equine health and One-Health efforts in Indigenous regions of Costa Rica.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15798,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Veterinary Science","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 105750"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145695997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0