Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine最新文献

英文中文

Subcutaneous alfaxalone for sedation of the domestic ferret (Mustela putorius furo) 阿法唑龙皮下注射用于家养雪貂的镇静

IF 0.5 4区农林科学 Q3 Veterinary

Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine

Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2023.03.005

Michelle Yee , Barbara Ambros , Hugues Beaufrère , Isabelle Desprez

Background

Veterinary care of the domestic ferret often utilizes chemical restraint for venipuncture, radiographs, and ultrasonography. Common forms of chemical restraint for ferrets include inhalant anesthetics and parenteral sedatives. Disadvantages of these forms of chemical restraint include adverse patient reaction and environmental contamination for inhalant anesthetics while small muscle mass and patient reactivity are challenging for intramuscular injections. Alfaxalone is a unique neurosteroid anesthetic that can be used as an induction agent intravenously and a sedative agent intramuscularly and subcutaneously. Subcutaneous injection appears to be well tolerated in small exotic species due to the increased volume the subcutaneous space can accommodate as well as the ease of administration.

Methods

A randomized, blinded, complete crossover study evaluating two doses (10 mg/kg and 12.5 mg/kg) of subcutaneous (SC) alfaxalone alone was performed in 10 clinically healthy ferrets (5 neutered males and 5 spayed females). Once alfaxalone was administered sedation scores (body posture, righting reflex, jaw tone, front limb withdrawal, and toe pinch) and vital parameters (heart rate, respiratory rate, rectal temperature, SpO₂ and blood pressure) were evaluated at regular intervals.

Results

Sedation characterized by the loss of righting reflex for more than ten minutes was observed in 90% of ferrets in both groups. The higher dose of alfaxalone (12.5 mg/kg) produced a statistically significant increase in the duration of sedation, as well as in the values of all sedation scores. Temperature significantly decreased over time for both groups, while SpO₂ and respiratory rate did not display any significant changes. At both doses, no cardiovascular depression was noted but there were significant increases in heart rate and blood pressure parameters.

Conclusion

Subcutaneous alfaxalone in ferrets produces adequate sedation characterized by the loss of righting reflex and easy limb manipulation with no significant adverse effects. This type of sedation is appropriate for noninvasive procedures such as a physical exam, ultrasonography, and radiographic positioning without manual restraint. The limitations for SC alfaxalone, as a sole sedative agent, include the variable range in times to onset and variable durations of sedation.

背景:家养雪貂的兽医护理通常使用化学约束进行静脉穿刺、x线摄影和超声检查。对雪貂进行化学约束的常见形式包括吸入麻醉剂和静脉注射镇静剂。这些化学约束形式的缺点包括吸入麻醉剂的不良患者反应和环境污染，而肌肉量小和患者反应性对肌肉内注射具有挑战性。Alfaxalone是一种独特的神经类固醇麻醉剂，可以用作静脉诱导剂，肌肉注射和皮下注射镇静剂。皮下注射在小型外来物种中似乎耐受性良好，因为皮下空间可以容纳体积增加以及易于给药。方法对10只临床健康雪貂(5只绝育雄性雪貂和5只绝育雌性雪貂)进行两种剂量(10 mg/kg和12.5 mg/kg)单独皮下注射阿法沙龙的随机、盲法、完全交叉研究。给药后，定期评估镇静评分(体位、翻正反射、颌音、前肢退缩和捏脚趾)和重要参数(心率、呼吸频率、直肠温度、SpO2和血压)。结果两组均有90%的雪貂出现以翻正反射丧失10分钟以上为特征的镇静。较高剂量的alfaxone (12.5 mg/kg)在镇静持续时间以及所有镇静评分值方面具有统计学意义的增加。随着时间的推移，两组的体温均显著下降，而SpO2和呼吸速率无明显变化。在两种剂量下，都没有发现心血管疾病，但心率和血压参数明显增加。结论雪貂皮下注射阿法沙单能产生足够的镇静作用，且具有伸直反射丧失、肢体操作方便等特点，无明显不良反应。这种类型的镇静适用于无创程序，如体检、超声检查和放射线定位，无需人工约束。作为一种单一的镇静剂，SC阿法沙龙的局限性包括起效时间的变化范围和镇静的持续时间的变化。

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引用次数: 0

Diagnosis and surgical management of intussusception in an axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) 蝾螈肠套叠的诊断和手术治疗

IF 0.5 4区农林科学 Q3 Veterinary

Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine

Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2023.03.006

Sabrina Vieu , Charlotte Coeuriot , Laetitia Dorso , Marion Fusellier

Background

Intussusception diagnosis and surgical management in axolotls (Ambystoma mexicanum) is poorly documented.

Case Description

A client-owned, 5-year-old, sexually intact, female axolotl was presented for hyporexia of 4-week duration associated with regurgitation after feedings. Clinical examination showed lethargy, weight loss, and firm tissue at coelomic palpation. Coelomic ultrasonography was consistent with an intestinal intussusception. An exploratory coeliotomy was performed, followed by an intestinal resection and anastomosis of a thickened portion of intestinal loop. Following surgical excision of the invaginated intestinal loops, anorexia was not resolved, and the axolotl died 4 days later. A necropsy revealed a serofibrinous coelomitis. Histopathology confirmed the presence of an obstructive mass in the resected portion of the intestines.

Conclusion and Case Relevance

This report describes an intussusception diagnosis and attempted treatment in an axolotl. Ultrasonography in axolotls with nonspecific gastrointestinal symptoms is recommended for evaluation of the coelomic organs.

背景:关于美西螈(Ambystoma mexicanum)的肠套叠诊断和手术治疗的文献很少。病例描述:一只5岁、性器官完整的雌性美西螈因进食后出现反刍并缺氧4周而入院。临床检查显示嗜睡，体重减轻，体腔触诊组织坚硬。体腔超声检查符合肠套叠。先行探查性肠腔切开术，然后行肠切除和肠袢增厚部分吻合。手术切除内陷的肠袢后，厌食症未得到解决，4天后死亡。尸检显示浆液纤维性结肠炎。组织病理学证实在切除部分的肠内有梗阻性肿块。结论和病例相关性:本报告描述了一例美西河豚肠套叠的诊断和治疗。对于有非特异性胃肠道症状的蝾螈，建议采用超声检查来评估体腔器官。

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引用次数: 0

Diagnosis and surgical correction of gastrointestinal obstruction secondary to an intestinal trichophytobezoar in a red-necked wallaby (Notamacropus rufogriseus) 红颈小袋鼠肠道毛癣牛黄继发胃肠道梗阻的诊断和手术矫正

IF 0.5 4区农林科学 Q3 Veterinary

Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine

Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2023.03.001

Rashea L. Minor , Gail Huckins , Shawna Hawkins , Adam Townsend , Susannah Sample , Sara Tolliver , Samantha Loeber , João Brandão , Grayson A. Doss

Background

: Trichophytobezoars have been reported in a variety of mammalian taxa, including macropods, but successful antemortem diagnosis and surgical excision in macropods is rare.

Case description

: An 11-month-old, castrated male, red-necked wallaby (Notamacropus rufogriseus) was presented for evaluation of a sudden onset of lethargy, anorexia, tremoring, and ataxia. The wallaby was hospitalized and started on supportive care. Baseline bloodwork showed wa low normal white blood cell count and a low normal potassium. Abdominal radiography and computed tomography were subsequently performed and demonstrated severe gastric dilatation secondary to gastric and small intestinal foreign bodies. Based on the diagnostic imaging findings, a laparotomy with gastrotomy and enterotomy was performed to successfully remove the gastric and small intestinal foreign bodies, which were trichophytobezoars. The wallaby recovered fully from the procedure.

Conclusions and case relevance

: Abdominal radiography and computed tomography were strongly supportive of intestinal mechanical obstruction. Gastrotomy and enterotomy successfully relieved a small intestinal mechanical obstruction in a clinically ill macropod who, postoperatively, was apparently healthy for at least 14 months. Gastrointestinal bezoars should be considered a differential diagnosis for macropods with nonspecific gastrointestinal signs.

背景:毛癣虫在包括大足类动物在内的多种哺乳动物类群中都有报道，但在大足类动物中成功的生前诊断和手术切除是罕见的。病例描述:一只11个月大的雄性红颈小袋鼠(Notamacropus rufogriseus)被提出评估突然发作的嗜睡，厌食症，震颤和共济失调。这只小袋鼠被送往医院，并开始接受支持性治疗。基线血检显示白细胞计数正常低，钾正常低。随后进行腹部x线摄影和计算机断层扫描，显示胃和小肠异物继发于严重的胃扩张。根据影像学诊断结果，行开腹联合胃、肠切开手术，成功切除胃及小肠异物，为毛虫。小袋鼠完全从手术中恢复过来。结论和病例相关性:腹部x线摄影和计算机断层扫描强烈支持肠机械性梗阻。胃和小肠切除术成功地缓解了临床上患病的大足动物的小肠机械性阻塞，术后健康至少14个月。胃肠道牛黄应被视为具有非特异性胃肠道体征的巨足动物的鉴别诊断。

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引用次数: 0

Shope fibroma in the scrotum of a domestic rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) 家兔阴囊Shope纤维瘤

IF 0.5 4区农林科学 Q3 Veterinary

Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine

Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2023.03.004

Harue Takizawa , Cindy Bacmeister , João Brandão

引用次数: 0

Aberrant conjunctival overgrowth with corneal adhesions in two pet rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) 两只宠物兔（Oryctolagus cuniculus）异常结膜过度生长伴角膜粘连

IF 0.5 4区农林科学 Q3 Veterinary

Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine

Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2023.04.001

Imal Khelik , James G. Johnson III , Emily McCool , Katelyn Fentiman , Elizabeth Soler , Thomas Tully , João Brandão

Background

Pseudopterygium has been previously documented in rabbits. In this condition, there is a circumferential overgrowth of the conjunctiva over the cornea without adherence to the corneal surface. In contrast, focal conjunctival overgrowth with adherence to the corneal surface, pterygium, occurs in humans. Pterygium has not been reported in rabbits.

Case descriptions

Case 1, a 5-year-old, spayed female, rex rabbit, presented for an evaluation of a suspected pseudopterygium of both eyes (OU). Medical treatment was unsuccessful. Surgery was performed and partial corneal adherence was detected. The portion of conjunctiva adhered to the cornea was left in place, and the nonadhered conjunctiva was transected adjacent to this attachment and sutured into the fornix. Over the next 8 months, the left eye (OS) had mild recurrence of aberrant conjunctival overgrowth noted temporally, with adhesion to the corneal surface at its previous attachment. The axial cornea remained clear OU. Case 2, a 6.5-year-old, intact male, mixed breed rabbit, was presented for cutaneous wounds and myiasis. During the initial examination, an incidental pseudopterygium was identified OU. Upon further evaluation, corneal adhesion was identified. As the conjunctival overgrowth was not affecting the rabbit's vision, no additional treatments were pursued. The animal was lost to recheck.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

This case series describes 2 cases of aberrant conjunctival overgrowth with corneal adhesions in rabbits. Although pseudopterygium without adhesions is the most common presentation in rabbits, veterinarians should be aware that corneal adhesions can occur in rabbits and it may require modifications to the surgical procedure.

背景假翼状胬肉在家兔中已有文献记载。在这种情况下，结膜在角膜上呈周向过度生长，而不粘附于角膜表面。相反，人类的结膜过度生长并粘附在角膜表面，即翼状胬肉。家兔翼状胬肉未见报道。病例描述病例1,5岁，切除卵巢的雌性獭兔，因怀疑双眼假性翼状胬肉(OU)而就诊。医疗治疗无效。手术后发现角膜部分粘连。结膜粘附在角膜上的部分被保留，未粘附的结膜在附着物附近被横切并缝合到穹窿。在接下来的8个月里，左眼(OS)出现暂时性的异常结膜过度生长的轻度复发，并与先前附着的角膜表面粘连。轴向角膜保持清晰。病例2，一只6.5岁，完整的雄性杂交兔，因皮肤伤口和蝇蛆病而就诊。在最初的检查中，发现偶发的假性翼状胬肉。经进一步评估，确定角膜粘连。由于结膜过度生长没有影响兔子的视力，因此没有进行额外的治疗。这只动物丢失了，需要重新检查。结论及临床意义本病例描述了2例兔异常结膜过度生长伴角膜粘连的病例。虽然无粘连的假性翼状胬肉是兔子最常见的表现，但兽医应该意识到角膜粘连也可能发生在兔子身上，这可能需要修改手术程序。

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引用次数: 0

Avian & Exotic New 鸟类和异国新

IF 0.5 4区农林科学 Q3 Veterinary

Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine

Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2023.05.002

引用次数: 0

SURGICAL TREAMENT OF A TRAUMATIC HUMERAL FRACTURE IN A GREEN IGUANA (Iguana Iguana) 绿鬣蜥外伤性肱骨骨折的外科治疗

IF 0.5 4区农林科学 Q3 Veterinary

Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine

Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2023.06.003

Gennaro Vitolo, N. D’Alterio, F. Dona

引用次数: 0

Echocardiographic reference intervals and cut-off values to diagnose dilated cardiomyopathy in guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) 超声心动图诊断豚鼠扩张性心肌病的参考区间和临界值

IF 0.5 4区农林科学 Q3 Veterinary

Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine

Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2023.03.008

Katarzyna Kraszewska , Magdalena Garncarz , Marta Parzeniecka-Jaworska , Gerhard Wess

Objectives

The objective of this study was to establish reference intervals in healthy guinea pigs and to calculate optimal cut-off values for several M-Mode parameters to diagnose dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) phenotype.

Animals, materials, and methods

This prospective study included 146 guinea pigs. The apparently healthy group included 92 animals and was used to create reference intervals for left ventricular internal diameter in diastole (LVIDd), left ventricular internal diameter in systole (LVIDS), E-point-to-septal separation (EPSS), diastolic wall thickness and left atrium and aorta. Allometric scaling was used to normalize LVIDd(-n) and LVIDs(-n) to body weight with a scaling exponent (BW^exp). The DCM phenotype group included 54 subjects and was used to calculate optimal cut-off values of several M-mode parameters.

Results

Guinea pigs with DCM phenotype had significantly larger measurements of LVIDd, LVIDs and EPSS, as well as lower FS and wall thicknesses compared to apparently healthy guinea pigs. Allometric scaling exponents to normalize LVIDd and LVIDs to BW (g) were 0.336 and 0.346, respectively. The highest area under the curve (AUC) to diagnose DCM were found for LVIDs-n (cut-off value >0.74 mm, AUC 0.996), FS (cut-off value <29%, AUC 0.995), LVIDd-n (cut-off value >1.07 mm, AUC 0.980) and EPSS (cut-off value >1.4 mm, AUC 0.944).

Conclusions

M-mode and 2D reference intervals for guinea pigs are presented, including lower and upper limits. Diagnosis of DCM phenotype in guinea pigs can be established using parameters known to be useful in other species, namely LVIDs, LVIDs-n, FS, LVIDd, LVIDd-n and EPSS.

目的本研究的目的是在健康豚鼠中建立参考区间，并计算诊断扩张型心肌病（DCM）表型的几个M型参数的最佳截止值。动物、材料和方法本前瞻性研究包括146只豚鼠。明显健康组包括92只动物，用于创建舒张时左心室内径（LVIDd）、收缩时左心室外径（LVIDS）、E点间隔（EPSS）、舒张壁厚度以及左心房和主动脉的参考间隔。异速标度用于用标度指数（BWexp）将LVIDd（-n）和LVID（-n）归一化为体重。DCM表型组包括54名受试者，用于计算几个M型参数的最佳临界值。结果DCM表型豚鼠的LVIDd、LVIDs和EPSS测量值显著高于明显健康的豚鼠，FS和壁厚较低。将LVIDd和LVID归一化为BW（g）的异速缩放指数分别为0.336和0.346。诊断DCM的曲线下面积（AUC）最高的是LVIDs-n（截止值>；0.74mm，AUC 0.996）、FS（截止值<；29%，AUC 0995）、LVIDd-n（截止值>；1.07mm，AUC 0.980）和EPSS（截止值>；1.4mm，AUC 0944）。结论给出了豚鼠的M模式和2D参考区间，包括下限和上限。豚鼠DCM表型的诊断可以使用已知对其他物种有用的参数来确定，即LVID、LVIDs-n、FS、LVIDd、LVIDd-n和EPSS。

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