Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2023.08.004
Emily Godollei-Jacob , Mary Walker , Asheley B. Wathen , Bruce H. Noden , João Brandão
{"title":"Treatment of chicken body lice (Menacanthus stramineus) using topical fluralaner in Buff Orpington hens","authors":"Emily Godollei-Jacob , Mary Walker , Asheley B. Wathen , Bruce H. Noden , João Brandão","doi":"10.1053/j.jepm.2023.08.004","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.jepm.2023.08.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine","volume":"47 ","pages":"Page 65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48008795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2023.07.001
Megan Roeder , Pedro Boscan , Sangeeta Rao , Laila Proença , William Guerrera , Maya Grayck , Megan Gish , Michelle N. Sullivan , Miranda J. Sadar
Background
Pain control is a challenge in domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). The objective of this study was to describe the effect of maropitant on pain scores, food intake, and fecal output in domestic rabbits following elective orchiectomy or ovariohysterectomy.
Methods
Rabbits that underwent orchiectomy or ovariohysterectomy at three institutions were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups: low-dose maropitant (2 mg/kg SC once), high-dose maropitant (10 mg/kg SC once), and control (1 mL/kg saline SC once). Rabbits were monitored using video surveillance postoperatively. Pain scores were assessed by three blinded observers, and results were grouped into time frames after surgery. Food intake and fecal output were measured until discharge.
Results
There were no local side effects with maropitant administration. There were no statistically significant differences between groups with regard to pain behaviors. An inverse trend was noted between increasing maropitant dosage versus food intake and fecal output, which was not statistically significant.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance
Maropitant at 2 mg/kg SC and at 10 mg/kg SC failed to significantly reduce pain when compared to control group.
{"title":"Use of maropitant for pain management in domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) undergoing elective orchiectomy or ovariohysterectomy","authors":"Megan Roeder , Pedro Boscan , Sangeeta Rao , Laila Proença , William Guerrera , Maya Grayck , Megan Gish , Michelle N. Sullivan , Miranda J. Sadar","doi":"10.1053/j.jepm.2023.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.jepm.2023.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Pain control is a challenge in domestic rabbits (<span><em>Oryctolagus cuniculus</em></span><span>). The objective of this study was to describe the effect of maropitant on pain scores, food intake, and fecal output in domestic rabbits following elective orchiectomy or ovariohysterectomy.</span></p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Rabbits that underwent orchiectomy or ovariohysterectomy at three institutions were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups: low-dose maropitant (2 mg/kg SC once), high-dose maropitant (10 mg/kg SC once), and control (1 mL/kg saline SC once). Rabbits were monitored using video surveillance postoperatively. Pain scores were assessed by three blinded observers, and results were grouped into time frames after surgery. Food intake and fecal output were measured until discharge.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>There were no local side effects with maropitant administration. There were no statistically significant differences between groups with regard to pain behaviors. An inverse trend was noted between increasing maropitant dosage versus food intake and fecal output, which was not statistically significant.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance</h3><p>Maropitant at 2 mg/kg SC and at 10 mg/kg SC failed to significantly reduce pain when compared to control group.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine","volume":"47 ","pages":"Pages 14-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41869609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2023.08.002
Noah Díaz-Portalatín , Miranda J. Sadar , Kailey Anderson , João Brandão
Background
Permanent surgical orchiectomy with or without scrotal ablation has become the contraceptive method of choice in male macropods, as reversible chemical methods have found little success.
Case descriptions
Four cases of elective orchiectomy and scrotal ablation utilizing an electrothermal bipolar tissue sealing device (LigaSureTM), a novel technique, was described in 1 red kangaroo (Osphranter rufus), 1 parma wallaby (Notamacropus parma), and 2 red-necked wallabies (Notamacropus rufogriseus). The mean surgical time was 90 seconds. Two cases experienced incision dehiscence during routine postoperative hospitalization. In both cases, the incision was reapposed using skin staples (Case 1) or suture (Case 2), with no further complications noted. No long-term complications were noted following orchiectomy in any of the cases.
Conclusions
While orchiectomy and scrotal ablation were rapid in the described cases with no long-term complications, barbering, and subsequent incisional dehiscence were noted within the first 24 hours postoperatively, requiring reapposition in 2 cases. The authors recommend utilizing appropriately sized vessel-sealing devices based on the size of the scrotal stalk, adequate analgesia, closure with suture, and use of a diaper or an Elizabethan collar to decrease the incidence of incisional dehiscence.
{"title":"Orchiectomy and scrotal ablation using a bipolar electrothermal sealing device in macropods: Four cases","authors":"Noah Díaz-Portalatín , Miranda J. Sadar , Kailey Anderson , João Brandão","doi":"10.1053/j.jepm.2023.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.jepm.2023.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Permanent surgical orchiectomy with or without scrotal ablation has become the contraceptive method of choice in male macropods, as reversible chemical methods have found little success.</p></div><div><h3>Case descriptions</h3><p>Four cases of elective orchiectomy and scrotal ablation utilizing an electrothermal bipolar tissue sealing device (LigaSure<sup>TM</sup>), a novel technique, was described in 1 red kangaroo (<em>Osphranter rufus</em>), 1 parma wallaby (<em>Notamacropus parma</em>), and 2 red-necked wallabies (<em>Notamacropus rufogriseus</em><span>). The mean surgical time was 90 seconds. Two cases experienced incision dehiscence<span> during routine postoperative hospitalization. In both cases, the incision was reapposed using skin staples (Case 1) or suture (Case 2), with no further complications noted. No long-term complications were noted following orchiectomy in any of the cases.</span></span></p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>While orchiectomy and scrotal ablation were rapid in the described cases with no long-term complications, barbering, and subsequent incisional dehiscence were noted within the first 24 hours postoperatively, requiring reapposition in 2 cases. The authors recommend utilizing appropriately sized vessel-sealing devices based on the size of the scrotal stalk, adequate analgesia, closure with suture, and use of a diaper or an Elizabethan collar to decrease the incidence of incisional dehiscence.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine","volume":"47 ","pages":"Pages 34-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41921891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2023.07.002
Audrey Palmero, Quentin Zachée
{"title":"Hydrocephalus in a rabbit with epileptic seizures","authors":"Audrey Palmero, Quentin Zachée","doi":"10.1053/j.jepm.2023.07.002","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.jepm.2023.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine","volume":"47 ","pages":"Pages 21-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45464213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2023.07.003
William Irving, Cameron Whittaker, Kelly Caruso, Benjamin Reynolds, Paul McCarthy, Jeff Smith
Background
Bullous keratopathy (BK) is an excessive accumulation of fluid in the cornea resulting in severe edema and protrusion. Based on the literature search, naturally occurring BK has not been reported in a rabbit.
Case description
A two-year-old female neutered dwarf rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus domesticus) presented for worsening corneal edema of the left eye. The left eye was diagnosed with BK that was fluorescein negative. Optical coherence tomography revealed profound corneal lamellar separation typical of BK. The patient was anaesthetized and a temporary tarsorrhaphy (TT) was placed using 5/0 silk with fluid line stents in the upper and lower eyelids. The patient was treated with ofloxacin ophthalmic solution, atropine ophthalmic solution, and oral meloxicam. Following 10 days of TT the corneal thickness improved but edema progressed to occupy most of the cornea. An area of corneal infiltrate could then be seen. A fungal infection was suspected and topical voriconazole 1% was added to the treatment regimen. Following two months of topical therapy the patient healed with mild fibrosis associated with the infiltrated area.
Conclusions and case relevance
Rabbits can be affected by naturally occurring bullous keratopathy and in this case healing was achieved following a temporary tarsorrhaphy and extended medical therapy.
{"title":"Bullous keratopathy in a dwarf rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus domesticus)","authors":"William Irving, Cameron Whittaker, Kelly Caruso, Benjamin Reynolds, Paul McCarthy, Jeff Smith","doi":"10.1053/j.jepm.2023.07.003","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.jepm.2023.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Bullous keratopathy (BK) is an excessive accumulation of fluid in the cornea resulting in severe edema and protrusion. Based on the literature search, naturally occurring BK has not been reported in a rabbit.</p></div><div><h3>Case description</h3><p>A two-year-old female neutered dwarf rabbit (<span><em>Oryctolagus cuniculus</em><em> domesticus</em></span><span>) presented for worsening corneal edema of the left eye. The left eye was diagnosed with BK that was fluorescein<span> negative. Optical coherence tomography<span><span><span><span> revealed profound corneal lamellar separation typical of BK. The patient was anaesthetized and a temporary tarsorrhaphy (TT) was placed using 5/0 silk with fluid line stents in the upper and lower eyelids. The patient was treated with </span>ofloxacin ophthalmic solution, atropine ophthalmic solution, and oral </span>meloxicam. Following 10 days of TT the corneal thickness improved but edema progressed to occupy most of the cornea. An area of corneal infiltrate could then be seen. A fungal infection was suspected and topical </span>voriconazole 1% was added to the treatment regimen. Following two months of topical therapy the patient healed with mild fibrosis associated with the infiltrated area.</span></span></span></p></div><div><h3>Conclusions and case relevance</h3><p>Rabbits can be affected by naturally occurring bullous keratopathy and in this case healing was achieved following a temporary tarsorrhaphy and extended medical therapy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine","volume":"47 ","pages":"Pages 23-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47133082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2023.06.003
Gennaro Vitolo , Nicola D'Alterio , Francesco Di Dona
{"title":"Surgical treatment of a traumatic humeral fracture in a green Iguana (Iguana Iguana)","authors":"Gennaro Vitolo , Nicola D'Alterio , Francesco Di Dona","doi":"10.1053/j.jepm.2023.06.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1053/j.jepm.2023.06.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine","volume":"47 ","pages":"Pages 1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49771151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2023.06.001
Typhanie Tan , Isabelle Langlois , Céline Giron , Cyrielle Finck , Hélène Rembeaux , Anne-Laurence Vigneau , André D. Dallaire
Background
Ureteral cystic lesions are rarely described in pet rabbits.
Case description
A two-year-old spayed female rabbit was presented for lethargy, anorexia and decreased fecal output of one-day duration. Upon physical examination, a 5−6 cm, mobile, firm abdominal mass was palpated cranially to the urinary bladder. Bloodwork was within normal limits. A contrast-enhanced abdominal computed tomography examination revealed a severe right-sided hydronephrosis, an ipsilateral hydroureter and a voluminous fluid dense nonenhancing mass abutting the right ureter. Medical management was initiated, and a laparotomy was scheduled. In surgery, the mass was diagnosed as ureteral in origin. The right kidney and ureter, along with the mass, were successfully excised and sent for histopathology and bacterial culture. A para-ureteral cyst associated with a severe unilateral hydronephrosis and moderate hydroureter were diagnosed. No associated infection was confirmed. The rabbit recovered uneventfully and bloodwork was unremarkable 2-months postsurgery.
Conclusion and case relevance
This case reports an unusual and likely acquired ureteral lesion. Although rare, a para-ureteral cyst should be considered in the differential diagnosis for an abdominal mass with concurrent anorexia and decreased defecation in the female neutered rabbit.
{"title":"Unilateral para-ureteral cyst with ipsilateral hydroureteronephrosis in a domestic rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)","authors":"Typhanie Tan , Isabelle Langlois , Céline Giron , Cyrielle Finck , Hélène Rembeaux , Anne-Laurence Vigneau , André D. Dallaire","doi":"10.1053/j.jepm.2023.06.001","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.jepm.2023.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Ureteral cystic lesions are rarely described in pet rabbits.</p></div><div><h3>Case description</h3><p>A two-year-old spayed female rabbit was presented for lethargy, anorexia and decreased fecal output of one-day duration. Upon physical examination, a 5−6 cm, mobile, firm abdominal mass was palpated cranially to the urinary<span><span> bladder. Bloodwork was within normal limits. A contrast-enhanced abdominal </span>computed tomography<span> examination revealed a severe right-sided hydronephrosis, an ipsilateral hydroureter and a voluminous fluid dense nonenhancing mass abutting the right ureter<span>. Medical management was initiated, and a laparotomy was scheduled. In surgery, the mass was diagnosed as ureteral in origin. The right kidney and ureter, along with the mass, were successfully excised and sent for histopathology and bacterial culture. A para-ureteral cyst associated with a severe unilateral hydronephrosis and moderate hydroureter were diagnosed. No associated infection was confirmed. The rabbit recovered uneventfully and bloodwork was unremarkable 2-months postsurgery.</span></span></span></p></div><div><h3>Conclusion and case relevance</h3><p>This case reports an unusual and likely acquired ureteral lesion. Although rare, a para-ureteral cyst should be considered in the differential diagnosis for an abdominal mass with concurrent anorexia and decreased defecation in the female neutered rabbit.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine","volume":"47 ","pages":"Pages 4-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48384521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2023.08.006
Jessica Robertson
{"title":"Literature Review","authors":"Jessica Robertson","doi":"10.1053/j.jepm.2023.08.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1053/j.jepm.2023.08.006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine","volume":"47 ","pages":"Page 47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49901408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2023.08.003
Julianne E. McCready , Matthew R. Kornya , Jessica Aymen , Allison E. Dianis , Trinita Barboza
Background
Rats are a common model for diabetes mellitus in humans, but spontaneous diabetes in pet rats has not been described.
Case Description
A 1-year, 5-month-old, intact male domestic rat (Rattus norvegicus) was evaluated for polydipsia and weight loss. Diagnostics revealed glucosuria and hyperglycemia (414 mg/dL; normal 89–165 mg/dL) consistent with diabetes mellitus. Hypercholesteremia and elevated liver enzymes were also noted. Treatment with glipizide (0.5–1 mg/kg, orally, every 12 hours), metformin (50–150 mg/kg, orally, every 12 hours), and intermediate-acting porcine insulin (1–3 units, subcutaneously, every 12 hours) were ineffective at producing normoglycemia. Long-acting glargine insulin (1 unit, subcutaneously, every 12 hours) resulted in improved body weight and longer periods of normoglycemia for 3 months. Eleven months after diagnosis, the rat presented with rapid weight loss and tail necrosis; euthanasia was elected. On histopathology of the pancreas, the few visible islets and lack of amyloid production was considered more consistent with insulin-dependent (type I) diabetes mellitus than insulin-independent (type II). Other necropsy findings included bronchopneumonia, radiculoneuropathy, skeletal muscle necrosis of the tail, and chronic renal disease.
Conclusions and clinical relevance
Although uncommon, diabetes mellitus should be considered in pet rats presenting with polydipsia, polyuria, and weight loss. Insulin therapy may be useful for treatment of diabetes mellitus in pet rats but requires careful monitoring and further evaluation.
{"title":"Management of spontaneous diabetes mellitus in a companion rat (Rattus norvegicus)","authors":"Julianne E. McCready , Matthew R. Kornya , Jessica Aymen , Allison E. Dianis , Trinita Barboza","doi":"10.1053/j.jepm.2023.08.003","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.jepm.2023.08.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Rats are a common model for diabetes mellitus in humans, but spontaneous diabetes in pet rats has not been described.</p></div><div><h3>Case Description</h3><p>A 1-year, 5-month-old, intact male domestic rat (<em>Rattus norvegicus</em><span><span><span>) was evaluated for polydipsia and weight loss. Diagnostics revealed glucosuria and </span>hyperglycemia<span><span> (414 mg/dL; normal 89–165 mg/dL) consistent with diabetes mellitus. Hypercholesteremia and elevated liver enzymes were also noted. Treatment with glipizide (0.5–1 mg/kg, orally, every 12 hours), metformin (50–150 mg/kg, orally, every 12 hours), and intermediate-acting porcine insulin (1–3 units, subcutaneously, every 12 hours) were ineffective at producing normoglycemia. Long-acting </span>glargine insulin (1 unit, subcutaneously, every 12 hours) resulted in improved body weight and longer periods of normoglycemia for 3 months. Eleven months after diagnosis, the rat presented with rapid weight loss and tail necrosis; euthanasia was elected. On histopathology of the pancreas, the few visible islets and lack of amyloid production was considered more consistent with insulin-dependent (type I) diabetes mellitus than insulin-independent (type II). Other </span></span>necropsy<span> findings included bronchopneumonia, radiculoneuropathy, skeletal muscle necrosis of the tail, and chronic renal disease.</span></span></p></div><div><h3>Conclusions and clinical relevance</h3><p>Although uncommon, diabetes mellitus should be considered in pet rats presenting with polydipsia, polyuria, and weight loss. Insulin therapy may be useful for treatment of diabetes mellitus in pet rats but requires careful monitoring and further evaluation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine","volume":"47 ","pages":"Pages 48-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42409996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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