Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine最新文献

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Pharmacokinetics of a single, deep subcutaneous dose of buprenorphine hydrochloride in four-toed hedgehogs (Atelerix albiventris) 四趾刺猬（Atelerix albiventris）单次深部皮下注射盐酸丁丙诺啡的药代动力学

IF 0.5 4区农林科学 Q3 Veterinary

Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine

Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2024.03.010

Grayson A. Doss , Heather K. Knych

Background

There is little information regarding analgesia in pet hedgehogs. A recent study demonstrated that a single subcutaneous (SC) injection of buprenorphine hydrochloride in four-toed hedgehogs produced antinociception up to 36 to 48 hours, longer than for any other species. The goal of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of a single, deep SC dose of buprenorphine hydrochloride in four-toed hedgehogs to expand our understanding of clinical pharmacokinetics in this popular pet species.

Methods

Baseline blood samples were collected from the jugular veins of 6 adult hedgehogs under isoflurane anesthesia. Buprenorphine (0.05 mg/kg) was administered into the dorsal spined skin overlying the scapula at an approximate depth of 1.3 cm. Subsequent blood samples were collected at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, 96, 120 hours after buprenorphine administration. Heparinized blood samples were stored on ice then centrifuged and plasma removed within 4 hours of collection. Plasma was frozen at -80ºC until analysis. Plasma levels of buprenorphine were quantified using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and a noncompartmental model was used to determine pharmacokinetic parameters.

Results

Median (range) maximum plasma concentration was 1.6 (0.7–8.0) ng/mL and the time to maximum plasma concentration was 4.3 (0.5–36) hr. The plasma terminal half-life was 25.3 (16.9–41.5) hr.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance

Buprenorphine hydrochloride has a very long half-life and marked variability in plasma concentrations following deep SC administration into the mantle in hedgehogs. Further research is needed to determine a correlation between plasma buprenorphine levels and a clinical analgesic effect in this species.

背景有关宠物刺猬镇痛的信息很少。最近的一项研究表明，四趾刺猬单次皮下注射盐酸丁丙诺啡可产生长达 36 到 48 小时的镇痛效果，比其他任何物种都要长。本研究的目的是评估四趾刺猬单次深静脉注射盐酸丁丙诺啡的药代动力学，以扩大我们对这一流行宠物物种临床药代动力学的了解。将丁丙诺啡（0.05 毫克/千克）注射到肩胛骨上方的背棘皮内，深度约为 1.3 厘米。随后在注射丁丙诺啡后的 0.5、1、2、4、8、12、24、36、48、72、96 和 120 小时采集血液样本。肝素化血液样本在冰上保存，然后在采集后 4 小时内离心并去除血浆。血浆在分析前冷冻在 -80ºC 温度下。结果中位数（范围）最大血浆浓度为 1.6（0.7-8.0）纳克/毫升，达到最大血浆浓度的时间为 4.3（0.5-36）小时。结论和临床意义盐酸丁丙诺啡的半衰期很长，在刺猬套管内深部皮下注射后血浆浓度的变化很大。要确定该物种的血浆丁丙诺啡水平与临床镇痛效果之间的相关性，还需要进一步的研究。

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引用次数: 0

Ultrasound-guided external oblique intercostal block technique in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus): a cadaveric study 兔子（Oryctolagus cuniculus）的超声引导外斜肋间（EOI）阻滞技术：尸体研究

IF 0.5 4区农林科学 Q3 Veterinary

Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine

Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2024.03.001

Carrie A. Schroeder , Marissa F. Rosen , Tracy L. Baker , Rebecca A. Johnson

Background

Locoregional anesthesia is an essential component of multimodal analgesic and anesthetic techniques. However, few are described in rabbits, especially those aimed at the cranial abdominal wall. The aim of this study was to describe the external oblique intercostal (EOI) block technique in rabbits and compare the spread of two injectate volumes across the paracostal region and cranial abdominal wall.

Methods

Eight rabbit cadavers (16 hemithoraces) were randomized to receive ultrasound-guided injections between the external abdominal oblique and external intercostal muscles. Each rabbit received 0.25 mL/kg (LV) and 0.5 mL/kg (HV) of 1% new methylene blue with immediate tissue dissection. Site of needle insertion, spread of injectate, and number of stained intercostal spaces and nerves were assessed by a blinded investigator.

Results

Injection points ranged from intercostal spaces 5–12. There were no differences between HV and LV groups in the number of covered intercostal spaces or dorsal, caudal, and total (cranial + caudal) spread. There was significantly more ventral and cranial spread in the HV group as well as staining of intercostal nerves.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance

Injection within the EOI fascial plane successfully stained intercostal nerves associated with the thoracic wall and cranial abdomen; higher volumes provided significantly more spread in the cranial and ventral directions and stained more intercostal nerves. While the EOI block using a volume of 0.5 mL/kg could be a technique used to provide regional anesthesia of the rabbit paracostal region and cranial abdomen, future studies would be needed to determine clinical safety and efficacy.

局部麻醉是多模式镇痛和麻醉技术的重要组成部分。然而，很少有关于兔子的描述，尤其是针对颅腹壁的描述。本研究旨在描述兔子的肋间外斜（EOI）阻滞技术，并比较两种注射剂量在胸骨旁区域和颅腹壁的扩散情况。8 只兔子尸体（16 个半蹄骨）被随机分配到腹外斜肌和肋间外肌之间接受超声引导注射。每只兔子接受 0.25 毫升/千克（LV）和 0.5 毫升/千克（HV）1% 新亚甲基蓝注射，并立即进行组织剥离。针头插入部位、注射剂扩散情况以及染色肋间和神经的数量均由一名盲人研究员进行评估。注射点范围为第 5-12 肋间隙。HV 组和 LV 组在覆盖的肋间隙数量、背侧、尾侧和总（头侧 + 尾侧）扩散方面没有差异。HV 组的腹侧和颅侧扩散以及肋间神经染色明显更多。在 EOI 筋膜平面内注射可成功染色与胸壁和颅腹部相关的肋间神经；注射量越大，头颅和腹侧的扩散范围明显越大，染色的肋间神经也越多。虽然使用 0.5 毫升/千克容量的 EOI 阻滞可作为对家兔肋旁区域和颅腹部进行区域麻醉的一种技术，但仍需进行进一步研究以确定其临床安全性和有效性。

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引用次数: 0

Avian & Exotic News 禽类和外来物种新闻

IF 0.5 4区农林科学 Q3 Veterinary

Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine

Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2024.03.006

引用次数: 0

Isolation of aerobic bacteria from abscesses and wounds in rabbits and antibiotic susceptibility testing of Staphylococcus spp. and Pseudomonas spp. isolates 从兔子的脓肿和伤口中分离需氧细菌，并对分离出的葡萄球菌属和假单胞菌属进行抗生素敏感性测试

IF 0.5 4区农林科学 Q3 Veterinary

Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine

Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2024.03.009

Mareike Schwab , Maria Brockmann , Petra Stumpf , Johannes Pfabe , Elisabeth Müller , Michael Pees , Rachel E. Marschang

Background

Wound infections and abscesses in rabbits are a common problem in veterinary practice and their treatment can be challenging. Bacterial culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing are important tools in these cases. While some studies are available on bacteria associated with wound infections and abscesses in rabbits, the numbers of animals included is generally limited. Monitoring of antibiotic resistance in clinical practice is also an important part of good antibiotic stewardship. Multiple antibiotic resistances are frequently encountered in Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas spp., 2 groups of bacteria commonly associated with abscesses in rabbits.

Methods

This retrospective study evaluated the results of aerobic bacterial cultures and antibiotic susceptibility tests in swabs from abscesses (A) (n = 541) and from skin and wounds (SW) (n = 308) submitted to a commercial diagnostic laboratory. Samples submitted between January 2017 and October 2020 were included in the study. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing for Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas spp. was evaluated and compared.

Results

In A, 465 bacterial isolates including 35 different species were isolated while 394 bacterial isolates, including 35 different species, were found in SW. The most frequently isolated bacteria were Staphylococcus spp. (A = 21.7%, SW = 36.5%) followed by Pasteurella spp. in A (13.3%) and aerobic spore-forming bacteria in SW (11.2%). Pseudomonas spp. was the third most commonly isolated genus in both sample types (A = 11.6%, SW = 8.9%). Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from A were more often resistant to the tested antibiotics than other Pseudomonas species. These results support the need for bacterial culture and antibiotic susceptibility testing in small mammal practice.

背景兔子的伤口感染和脓肿是兽医实践中的常见问题，其治疗可能具有挑战性。细菌培养和抗菌药敏感性测试是治疗这些病例的重要工具。虽然目前已有一些关于兔子伤口感染和脓肿相关细菌的研究，但涉及的动物数量普遍有限。监测临床实践中的抗生素耐药性也是良好抗生素管理的重要组成部分。方法这项回顾性研究评估了提交给商业诊断实验室的脓肿（A）拭子（n = 541）和皮肤与伤口（SW）拭子（n = 308）中需氧细菌培养和抗生素药敏试验的结果。研究纳入了 2017 年 1 月至 2020 年 10 月期间提交的样本。对葡萄球菌和假单胞菌属的抗菌药敏感性测试进行了评估和比较。结果在 A 中分离出 465 株细菌，包括 35 个不同的菌种，而在 SW 中分离出 394 株细菌，包括 35 个不同的菌种。最常分离到的细菌是葡萄球菌属（A = 21.7%，SW = 36.5%），其次是巴氏杆菌属（A = 13.3%）和需氧孢子形成菌（SW = 11.2%）。假单胞菌属是两种样本类型中第三大最常见的分离菌属（A = 11.6%，SW = 8.9%）。与其他假单胞菌相比，从 A 样本中分离出的铜绿假单胞菌更常对测试的抗生素产生耐药性。这些结果支持了在小型哺乳动物饲养中进行细菌培养和抗生素药敏试验的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Atrial septal defect in a chinchilla 一只龙猫的房间隔缺损

IF 0.5 4区农林科学 Q3 Veterinary

Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine

Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2024.03.011

Teresa Bousquet , Cameron Friesen , Eryn Hanak

Background

Atrial septal defects have not previously been reported in pet chinchillas.

Case Description

An 8-year-old intact male chinchilla was presented with concerns of hyporexia of 4 days duration. On physical examination, the chinchilla was found to have evidence of dental disease and a grade 4/6 systolic murmur with a point of maximal intensity over the left side of the chest. Thoracic radiography showed evidence of moderate to severe right-sided cardiomegaly. Echocardiographic evaluation revealed a left-to-right shunt through a 4 millimeter atrial septal defect. No treatment was instituted at the time of diagnosis, and further follow up examination was declined. At a follow-up by phone 6 months after initial presentation, the owner reported that the chinchilla was doing well.

Conclusion and Case Relevance

This case report is significant because cardiac diseases are not well reported in chinchillas. An atrial septal defect should be considered as a differential in chinchilla patients that present with a cardiac murmur.

病例描述：一只 8 岁的完整雄性龙猫因持续 4 天的厌食症前来就诊。体格检查发现，这只龙猫患有牙病，胸部左侧有 4/6 级收缩期杂音，且杂音强度最大。胸部放射线检查显示，它的右侧心脏有中度到重度肿大。超声心动图评估显示，有一个 4 毫米长的房间隔缺损造成左向右分流。确诊时没有采取任何治疗措施，也拒绝了进一步的随访检查。在初次发病 6 个月后的一次电话随访中，主人报告说龙猫的情况良好。对于出现心脏杂音的龙猫患者，应将房间隔缺损作为一种鉴别诊断。

引用次数: 0

Initial sterility study of a rabbit hemorrhagic recombinant subunit vaccine when used in a multidose manner across 16 days 兔出血性重组亚单位疫苗 16 天内多剂量使用的初步无菌性研究

IF 0.5 4区农林科学 Q3 Veterinary

Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine

Pub Date : 2024-03-08 DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2024.03.004

Logan Kopp , Sreekmari Rajeev , Rebekah D. Jones

Background

The introduction of a domestically produced Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease type 2 (RHDV2) Vaccine (Medgene Labs) has been a welcome relief to veterinarians, rabbitries, and pet rabbit caretakers. Currently, the vaccine is only available in a 10-dose vial that must be used immediately. The purpose of this study was to determine if the vaccine can maintain sterility as a multidose vial across 16 days.

Methods

Over a period of 16 days, a total of ten 0.5 mL samples were aseptically collected from 2 experimental vaccine bottles, and 1 control bottle was sampled on day 10. A total of 21 aerobic bacterial cultures and 5 fungal cultures were collected. The samples were collected daily, that all vials were opened on the first day of the experiment and the control vial was pierced for the first time on day 10.

Results

Of the 21 aerobic bacterial cultures collected and 5 fungal cultures collected over 16 days, there was no growth detected by the microbiology lab.

Conclusion and clinical relevance

In summary, this study provided evidence that when collected with appropriate aseptic precautions, the recombinant subunit RHDV2 vaccine could potentially be used extra-label, once fully approved by the USDA, as a multidose vial for at least 16 calendar days without compromising sterility, pending pyrogen and endotoxin testing as well as anaerobic cultures and potentially next generation DNA sequencing.

国产 2 型兔出血性疾病 (RHDV2) 疫苗（Medgene 实验室）的问世为兽医、养兔场和宠物兔饲养者带来了福音。目前，该疫苗只有 10 剂装，必须立即使用。本研究的目的是确定多剂量小瓶疫苗能否在 16 天内保持无菌状态。在 16 天内，从两个实验疫苗瓶中无菌收集了 10 份 0.5 毫升的样品，并在第 10 天对一个对照瓶进行了取样。共收集了 21 份需氧细菌培养物和 5 份真菌培养物。样品每天采集一次，所有小瓶在实验第一天打开，对照瓶在第 10 天首次穿刺。在 16 天内收集的 21 个需氧细菌培养物和 5 个真菌培养物中，微生物实验室没有检测到任何生长。总之，这项研究提供的证据表明，如果采用适当的无菌预防措施进行收集，重组亚单位 RHDV2 疫苗一旦获得美国农业部的完全批准，就有可能作为多剂量瓶在标签外使用至少 16 个日历日而不影响无菌性，但还需要进行热原和内毒素测试以及厌氧培养，并可能进行下一代 DNA 测序。

{"title":"Initial sterility study of a rabbit hemorrhagic recombinant subunit vaccine when used in a multidose manner across 16 days","authors":"Logan Kopp , Sreekmari Rajeev , Rebekah D. Jones","doi":"10.1053/j.jepm.2024.03.004","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.jepm.2024.03.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The introduction of a domestically produced Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease type 2 (RHDV2) Vaccine (Medgene Labs) has been a welcome relief to veterinarians, rabbitries, and pet rabbit caretakers. Currently, the vaccine is only available in a 10-dose vial that must be used immediately. The purpose of this study was to determine if the vaccine can maintain sterility as a multidose vial across 16 days.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Over a period of 16 days, a total of ten 0.5 mL samples were aseptically collected from 2 experimental vaccine bottles, and 1 control bottle was sampled on day 10. A total of 21 aerobic bacterial cultures and 5 fungal cultures were collected. The samples were collected daily, that all vials were opened on the first day of the experiment and the control vial was pierced for the first time on day 10.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Of the 21 aerobic bacterial cultures collected and 5 fungal cultures collected over 16 days, there was no growth detected by the microbiology lab.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion and clinical relevance</h3><p>In summary, this study provided evidence that when collected with appropriate aseptic precautions, the recombinant subunit RHDV2 vaccine could potentially be used extra-label, once fully approved by the USDA, as a multidose vial for at least 16 calendar days without compromising sterility, pending pyrogen and endotoxin testing as well as anaerobic cultures and potentially next generation DNA sequencing.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140153265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Diagnosis and post-mortem findings of intracardiac thrombosis in guinea pigs with cardiac disease: 3 cases (2020–2022) 豚鼠心脏疾病心内血栓的诊断和尸检结果：3例 (2020-2022)

IF 0.5 4区农林科学 Q3 Veterinary

Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine

Pub Date : 2024-03-06 DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2024.03.002

Chelsey Tournade , Sonja S. Tjostheim , Andrea Kerr , Sophie Aschenbroich , Seng Wai Yap , Shawna Hawkins

Background

Cardiac disease is diagnosed with increased frequency in pet guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) prompting the need for an improved understanding of disease-related sequelae. There are currently no reports describing intracardiac thrombosis associated with concurrent cardiac disease in guinea pigs.

Case descriptions

Three guinea pigs were presented with varying degrees of dyspnea. Cardiomegaly and intracardiac thrombi were identified via echocardiogram or contrast-enhanced computed tomography. Two guinea pigs diagnosed with dilated cardiomyopathy were subsequently treated with varying combinations of cardiac therapeutic drugs. The third guinea pig was euthanized following imaging diagnosis and subsequently diagnosed with fibrinosuppurative myocarditis and endocarditis on post-mortem examination. On antemortem imaging and post-mortem examination, all three guinea pigs had left atrial thrombus present, and one guinea pig had concurrent left ventricular and caudal vena caval thrombi. All guinea pigs were euthanized 1–180 days after diagnosis due to congestive heart failure.

Conclusion and case relevance

Intracardiac thrombosis may be an important consideration for guinea pigs in congestive heart failure. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography and/or echocardiogram are useful antemortem diagnostic tests which can direct appropriate medical management and prognosis determination. Further investigation of predispositions to intracardiac thrombosis and appropriate therapy in guinea pigs is needed.

:宠物豚鼠被诊断患有心脏病的频率越来越高（），这促使人们需要更好地了解与疾病相关的后遗症。目前还没有关于豚鼠心内血栓与并发心脏病相关的报道。：三只豚鼠出现不同程度的呼吸困难。通过超声心动图或造影剂增强计算机断层扫描发现了心脏肿大和心内血栓。两只被诊断为扩张型心肌病的豚鼠随后接受了不同组合的心脏治疗药物。第三只豚鼠在成像诊断后被安乐死，随后在尸检中被诊断为纤维素性心肌炎和心内膜炎。在死前成像和死后检查中，三只豚鼠都有左心房血栓，一只豚鼠同时有左心室和尾静脉血栓。所有豚鼠均在确诊后 1-180 天因充血性心力衰竭而被安乐死。说明：豚鼠心内血栓可能是与豚鼠心脏病变相关的临床后遗症。对比增强计算机断层扫描和/或超声心动图是有用的死前诊断检查，可指导适当的医疗处理和预后判断。需要进一步研究豚鼠心内血栓形成的易感性和适当的治疗方法。

{"title":"Diagnosis and post-mortem findings of intracardiac thrombosis in guinea pigs with cardiac disease: 3 cases (2020–2022)","authors":"Chelsey Tournade , Sonja S. Tjostheim , Andrea Kerr , Sophie Aschenbroich , Seng Wai Yap , Shawna Hawkins","doi":"10.1053/j.jepm.2024.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.jepm.2024.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Cardiac disease is diagnosed with increased frequency in pet guinea pigs (<em>Cavia porcellus</em>) prompting the need for an improved understanding of disease-related sequelae. There are currently no reports describing intracardiac thrombosis associated with concurrent cardiac disease in guinea pigs.</p></div><div><h3>Case descriptions</h3><p>Three guinea pigs were presented with varying degrees of dyspnea. Cardiomegaly and intracardiac thrombi were identified via echocardiogram or contrast-enhanced computed tomography. Two guinea pigs diagnosed with dilated cardiomyopathy were subsequently treated with varying combinations of cardiac therapeutic drugs. The third guinea pig was euthanized following imaging diagnosis and subsequently diagnosed with fibrinosuppurative myocarditis and endocarditis on post-mortem examination. On antemortem imaging and post-mortem examination, all three guinea pigs had left atrial thrombus present, and one guinea pig had concurrent left ventricular and caudal vena caval thrombi. All guinea pigs were euthanized 1–180 days after diagnosis due to congestive heart failure.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion and case relevance</h3><p>Intracardiac thrombosis may be an important consideration for guinea pigs in congestive heart failure. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography and/or echocardiogram are useful antemortem diagnostic tests which can direct appropriate medical management and prognosis determination. Further investigation of predispositions to intracardiac thrombosis and appropriate therapy in guinea pigs is needed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140057508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Canine xenotransfusion in a ferret (Mustela putorius furo) with a hepatic abscess causing septic peritonitis 一只患有肝脓肿并引发脓毒性腹膜炎的雪貂（Mustela putorius furo）的犬异种输血治疗

IF 0.5 4区农林科学 Q3 Veterinary

Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine

Pub Date : 2024-03-05 DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2024.03.003

Julianne E. McCready , Gary Kwok Cheong Lee , Melissa A. MacIver , Tainor Tisotti , Omar A. Zaheer , R. Darren Wood

引用次数: 0

Perineal urethrostomy in a castrated male pet rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) after development of a urethral stricture 阉割雄性宠物兔（Oryctolagus cuniculus）尿道狭窄后的会阴尿道前列腺切除术

IF 0.5 4区农林科学 Q3 Veterinary

Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine

Pub Date : 2024-02-28 DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2024.02.001

Stephanie Lamb

Background

Perineal urethrostomies are commonly reported in veterinary literature in cats and involve anastomosing the urethra to the skin to make a urinary stoma. There are various urinary tract disorders that can necessitate this procedure with obstructions, trauma and stenosis cited as common issues.

Case description

A 2-year-old, male, castrated, mixed breed rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) presented to the hospital with a history of straining to urinate for several hours. One month prior a urethrotomy surgery was performed to remove an obstructing urolith. Diagnostics revealed a stricture was present and a perineal urethrostomy was performed.

Conclusion and case relevance

This report discusses the surgical approach to a perineal urethrostomy in a domestic rabbit and describes the differences from surgical descriptions reported in cats. A clinician presented with a similar case could consider this surgical technique for management of a urethral stricture in a castrated male rabbit.

背景会阴部尿道造口术是兽医文献中常见的猫科手术，包括将尿道与皮肤吻合，形成尿道造口。病例描述：一只两岁大的雄性混种阉兔（Oryctolagus cuniculus）因排尿费力数小时而到医院就诊。一个月前，它接受了尿道切开手术，取出了一块阻塞的尿道石。结论和病例相关性本报告讨论了家兔会阴尿道造口术的手术方法，并描述了与猫的手术描述不同之处。临床医生在遇到类似病例时，可以考虑采用这种手术技术来治疗阉割公兔的尿道狭窄。

引用次数: 0

Assay validation and determination of the reference interval for symmetric dimethylarginine in healthy rabbits 健康兔子体内对称二甲基精氨酸的化验验证和参考区间的确定

IF 0.5 4区农林科学 Q3 Veterinary

Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine

Pub Date : 2024-02-24 DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2024.02.002

Marilyn Strong-Townsend , Niora Fabian , Gerry Skinner , Rachel Murphy , Evan Hegarty , Sarah Peterson , Michael Coyne

Background

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is common in older rabbits. The renal biomarkers blood urea and creatinine can be insensitive as indicators of renal disease in rabbits. Symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) has been shown to be an earlier and more sensitive biomarker for the assessment of glomerular filtration rate and the evaluation of CKD in several animal species. An immunoassay for SDMA has been validated in a number of species. The purpose of this study was to validate the SDMA immunoassay for rabbit serum and plasma and to determine the normal rabbit reference interval (RI) for SDMA.

Methods

Clinically healthy rabbits (n = 167) between 5 months and 8 years of age, of any breed or sex, participated in the study. Heparinized plasma or serum was collected for clinical chemistry and used for assay validation. Analytical validation of the SDMA immunoassay for rabbit serum and plasma was performed and included assessment of assay accuracy, precision, analytical sensitivity, linearity, interference testing, and plasma/serum bias. The SDMA reference interval (RI) was determined.

Results

The SDMA immunoassay met all set quality requirements assessed in analytical validation. The RI for SDMA was determined to be between 4–18 µg/dL.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

The SDMA immunoassay demonstrated acceptable performance in both rabbit serum and heparinized plasma as determined by the validation criteria. The utility of SDMA as a biomarker of renal disease in rabbits has not been determined yet.

背景慢性肾病（CKD）在老年兔子中很常见。肾脏生物标志物血尿素和肌酐作为兔子肾脏疾病的指标可能并不敏感。在多个动物物种中，对称二甲基精氨酸（SDMA）已被证明是评估肾小球滤过率和 CKD 的更早和更灵敏的生物标志物。SDMA的免疫测定已在多个物种中得到验证。本研究的目的是验证兔血清和血浆中的 SDMA 免疫测定，并确定 SDMA 的正常兔参考区间 (RI)。采集肝素化血浆或血清进行临床生化检测，并用于检测验证。对兔血清和血浆的 SDMA 免疫测定进行了分析验证，包括评估测定的准确度、精确度、分析灵敏度、线性度、干扰测试和血浆/血清偏差。结果SDMA免疫测定符合分析验证中评估的所有质量要求。结论与临床意义根据验证标准，SDMA 免疫测定在兔血清和肝素化血浆中均表现出了可接受的性能。SDMA作为兔子肾脏疾病生物标志物的效用尚未确定。

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