Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine最新文献_第7页

Evaluation of neurologic testing in guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) 豚鼠神经测试评估

IF 0.5 4区农林科学 Q3 Veterinary

Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine

Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2023.12.002

Josephine Dietzel , Thomas Grochow , Irene C. Böttcher

Background

Specialized literature provides very little information on performing and interpreting clinical neurological tests on guinea pigs.

Study description

Two neurologists performed separate neurological examinations of 25 guinea pigs. The structure of the examination was like those performed in other companion animals. Each test was evaluated for feasibility, reproducibility, and associated stress level for the animals.

Results

The foll wing tests revealed an excellent ability to elicit the expected response: hopping reaction in the thoracic limbs, wheelbarrowing and hemiwalking, medial and lateral palpebral reflex, auricular sensitivity, maxillary sensitivity, horizontal oculocephalic reflex, tone of the jaw, voluntary movement of the tongue, direct pupillary light reflex. On the other hand, a poor ability to elicit the expected response was observed in the following tests: visual paw replacement of the thoracic limbs, tactile paw replacement in thoracic and pelvic limbs, paper test for thoracic and pelvic limbs, mandibular sensitivity, vertical oculocephalic reflex, menace response, patellar reflex, cutaneous trunci reflex, perineal reflex. The most reliable spinal reflex test with a good ability to elicit the expected response was the withdrawal reflex for both thoracic and pelvic limbs.

Conclusion and relevance

It is possible to apply several neurological tests on guinea pigs and produce meaningful results. Therefore, we propose a possible protocol for neurological examination in guinea pigs. This is the first study to evaluate a full range of clinical neurological tests performed on guinea pigs. The results of this study could lead to a better understanding of lesion localization and guide further diagnostic and therapy in guinea pigs with neurological diseases.

背景最新的专业文献很少提供有关对小型哺乳动物（尤其是豚鼠）进行临床神经学检查和解释的信息。方法两名临床神经学专家分别对 25 只豚鼠进行了神经学检查。检查的结构与其他伴侣动物的检查相似，包括徒手检查、姿势反应测试、颅神经测试和脊髓反射测试。结果以下测试表明，豚鼠具有出色的诱发预期反应的能力：胸肢跳动反应、推车和半行走、内侧和外侧睑球反射、耳廓灵敏度、上颌灵敏度、水平眼球反射、下颌张力、舌头自主运动和瞳孔直视光反射。另一方面，在以下测试中，诱发预期反应的能力较差：胸肢视觉爪替代、胸肢和骨盆肢触觉爪替代、胸肢和骨盆肢纸测试、下颌灵敏度、垂直眼球反射、威胁反应、髌骨反射、皮肤三反射和会阴反射。最可靠的脊髓反射测试是胸椎和骨盆肢体的退缩反射，它能很好地引起预期的反应。结论对豚鼠进行几种临床神经测试并得出有意义的结果是可能的。然而，某些测试会引起动物的高度应激反应，因此只有在必要时才可使用。根据研究结果，我们提出了豚鼠神经系统检查的可行方案。这项研究的结果将有助于更好地了解病变定位，并为进一步诊断和治疗豚鼠神经系统疾病提供依据。

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引用次数: 0

Avian & Exotic News 禽类和外来物种新闻

IF 0.5 4区农林科学 Q3 Veterinary

Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine

Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2024.01.003

引用次数: 0

Radiographic, ultrasonographic, and computed tomographic characteristics of a diaphragmatic liposarcoma in a meerkat (Suricata suricatta) with a splenorenal shunt 脾肾分流猫鼬膈肌脂肪肉瘤的 X 射线、超声波和计算机断层扫描特征：病例报告

IF 0.5 4区农林科学 Q3 Veterinary

Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine

Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2023.12.003

Chang-eun Lee , Junemoe Jeong , Kichang Lee , Hakyoung Yoon

Background

Liposarcomas are malignant tumors of the adipose tissue that are locally invasive and have a high recurrence rate but low metastatic potential in dogs and cats. Portosystemic shunts (PSS) are abnormal blood vessels in which the portal system bypasses the liver and connects to the systemic vascular system. To date, there have been no reports of abdominal liposarcoma or PSS in meerkats. We aimed to report the imaging features of abdominal liposarcoma in a meerkat with a splenorenal shunt and detail the surgical procedure for liposarcoma removal, histopathologic findings, and follow-up care.

Case description

A 3-year-old spayed female meerkat (Suricata suricatta) without clear clinical symptoms was brought to the animal hospital for a checkup. A mass was observed between the right lobe of the liver and the diaphragm using several imaging modalities. The mass appeared radiolucent on radiography, partially hyperechoic on ultrasonography, heterogeneously attenuated with a fat-like area on computed tomography (CT), and was histopathologically diagnosed as a liposarcoma. Additionally, a mildly radiopaque structure caudal to the left kidney was observed on radiography and as a tubular vessel on ultrasonography, and a splenorenal shunt originating from the splenic vein and terminating in the left renal vein was confirmed on CT. There were no remarkable findings during the follow-up 7 months after surgery.

Conclusions and case relevance

We describe the imaging features of a meerkat with an abdominal liposarcoma and a splenorenal shunt. In cases of abdominal heterogeneous attenuated masses with fat-like areas on CT in meerkats, liposarcoma should be included in the differential diagnosis.

背景脂肪肉瘤是脂肪组织的恶性肿瘤，具有局部侵袭性，在犬猫中复发率高，但转移潜力低。门体分流（PSS）是指门脉系统绕过肝脏与全身血管系统相连的异常血管。迄今为止，还没有关于猫鼬腹部脂肪肉瘤或 PSS 的报道。我们旨在报告一只患有脾肾分流术的猫鼬腹部脂肪肉瘤的影像学特征，并详细介绍脂肪肉瘤的手术切除过程、组织病理学结果和后续护理。病例描述一只没有明确临床症状的3岁绝育雌性猫鼬（Suricata suricatta）被带到动物医院进行检查。通过多种影像学检查，在肝脏右叶和膈肌之间发现了一个肿块。肿块在X光片上呈放射状，在超声波检查中呈部分高回声，在计算机断层扫描（CT）中呈异质衰减，并伴有脂肪样区域，经组织病理学诊断为脂肪肉瘤。此外，X 光检查发现左肾尾部有一个轻度不透射线的结构，超声波检查发现该结构为管状血管，CT 证实该结构为脾肾分流，源于脾静脉，止于左肾静脉。我们描述了一只患有腹部脂肪肉瘤和脾肾分流的猫鼬的影像学特征。如果猫鼬的腹部出现异型衰减肿块，CT 显示为脂肪样区域，则脂肪肉瘤应纳入鉴别诊断。

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引用次数: 0

Use of a commercial oral moxidectin plus praziquantel combination for treatment of the respiratory nematode Crenosoma striatum in rescued Southern white-breasted hedgehogs (Erinaceus concolor) 莫西菌素加吡喹酮联合口服治疗南方白胸刺猬呼吸线虫纹状体

IF 0.5 4区农林科学 Q3 Veterinary

Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine

Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2023.11.001

Nitzan Adam, David Eshar

Background

Crenosoma striatum lungworm infestation is common in many free-ranging hedgehogs. This report describes the clinical experience when using a commercial moxidectin/praziquantel combination against natural C. striatum infestation in rescued Southern white-breasted hedgehogs (Erinaceus concolor).

Methods

In total, 24 hedgehogs received a commercial moxidectin/praziquantel combination at 1.2 mg per kg and 7.0 mg per kg bodyweight orally after showing C. striatum larvae in their feces. Weekly fecal rechecks were performed over 4 weeks.

Results

There were no apparent adverse responses, and nearly all treated hedgehogs (96%) had increased their body weights before their release to the wild. When compared to their initial positive check, none of the treated hedgehogs had showed C. striatum larvae in their last fecal recheck.

Conclusion and Clinical Relevance

Based on our observations, a single oral administration of moxidectin/praziquantel is safe and effective for treatment of C. striatum lungworm infestation in Southern white-breasted hedgehogs.

背景纹状腺肺虫感染在许多自由放养的刺猬中很常见。本报告描述了在获救的南方白胸刺猬(Erinaceus concolor)中使用商业莫西菌素/吡喹酮联合治疗天然纹状体感染的临床经验。方法24只刺猬在粪便中发现纹状体棘球蚴后，分别口服1.2 mg / kg和7.0 mg / kg体重。在4周内每周进行一次粪便复查。结果无明显不良反应，几乎所有(96%)治疗过的刺猬在放归野外前体重都有所增加。与他们最初的阳性检查相比，在最后一次粪便复查中，没有一只治疗过的刺猬显示出纹状体线虫幼虫。结论及临床意义根据我们的观察，莫西丁/吡喹酮单次口服治疗南方白胸刺猬纹状体肺虫是安全有效的。

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引用次数: 0

Determination of a plasma retinol reference interval in leopard geckos (Eublepharis macularius) 确定豹纹壁虎（Eublepharis macularius）的血浆视黄醇参考区间

IF 0.5 4区农林科学 Q3 Veterinary

Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine

Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2024.01.007

Brandon J. Louth , J. Jill Heatley , McAllister Council-Troche

Background

Leopard geckos (Eublepharis macularius) are a popular captive bred species of reptile in the exotic pet trade that are commonly seen for clinical presentations consistent with hypovitaminosis A. There has been a lack of antemortem diagnostics available for minimally invasive and appropriate diagnosis of this disease. Reference intervals for retinol have not been published or validated in leopard geckos or any closely related species.

Methods

Plasma, with a sample volume of only 50 µl, from 40 healthy captive bred leopard geckos, 20 males and 20 females were analyzed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) to determine plasma retinol concentrations.

Results

Using UPLC/MS analysis data was normally distributed and a reference interval for plasma retinol in the leopard gecko was 0.06 to 0.55µg/mL (0.01–0.08µmol/L). A mean of 0.31µg/mL with a lower limit 95% confidence interval being 0.03 to 0.10 µg/mL and upper limit of 0.52 to 0.59 µg/mL. No significant variations of plasma retinol were found based on gecko color morph, age or weight. Female leopard geckos had a slightly higher mean plasma retinol compared to males, but was not significantly different.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance

This study will allow veterinary clinicians to better diagnose and treat hypovitaminosis A and to provide advice on dietary supplementation and dietary improvement for the leopard gecko and possibly other gecko species as well. In addition, these values can be used to design and evaluate other studies for nutritional needs of this species. Limitations of this study include only a single season of collection, no same time comparison to liver values, and the evaluation of only captive bred individuals.

背景豹纹壁虎（Eublepharis macularius）是外来宠物交易中很受欢迎的人工饲养爬行动物物种，其临床表现通常与维生素 A 缺乏症一致。方法采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法（UPLC-MS/MS）对 40 只健康的人工饲养豹纹壁虎（其中 20 只为雄性，20 只为雌性）的血浆进行分析，测定血浆中视黄醇的浓度。结果使用超高效液相色谱-质谱法分析的数据呈正态分布，豹纹壁虎血浆视黄醇的参考区间为 0.06-0.55µg/mL (0.01-0.08µmol/L)。平均值为 0.31 微克/毫升，下限 95% 置信区间为 0.03-0.10 微克/毫升，上限为 0.52-0.59 微克/毫升。Kruskal-Wallis统计量的方框和须状图显示，壁虎的颜色形态（p = 0.78）、年龄（p = 0.48）或体重（p = 0.48）没有发现显著差异。雌性豹纹壁虎的血浆视黄醇平均值略高于雄性，但差异不显著。这项研究将使兽医临床医生能够更好地诊断和治疗维生素 A 不足症，并为豹纹壁虎以及其他可能的壁虎物种提供饮食补充和饮食改善建议。此外，这些数值还可用于设计和评估有关该物种营养需求的其他研究。这项研究的局限性包括：只收集了一个季节的数据，没有与肝脏数值进行同期比较，而且只对人工饲养的个体进行了评估。

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引用次数: 0

Visualization of radiographic mineral opacities in guinea pigs in the location of the bulbourethral glands may be underdiagnosed 豚鼠球部尿道腺体位置的放射影像矿物翳可能诊断不足

IF 0.5 4区农林科学 Q3 Veterinary

Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine

Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2023.12.001

Amanda D. Wong , Krista A. Keller , Anthony J. Cerreta , Kirstin Cook , Joanna K. Webb , Kenneth R. Welle , Martha A. Delaney , Audrey Billhymer

Background

Pathology of male guinea pig accessory sex glands is minimally described. Mineral opacities caudal to the pelvis were identified during evaluation of two index cases presenting with urinary signs. The objective of this study was to identify the prevalence of this radiographic finding, suspected to be bulbourethral glands, and to describe associated clinical signs.

Methods

A retrospective review of medical records from a single academic institution was performed identifying male guinea pigs with abdominal radiographs, abdominal computed tomography, and/or necropsy. Available imaging studies were evaluated for mineral opacities caudal to the pelvis and necropsy reports were reviewed. Medical case histories meeting the inclusion criteria were summarized.

Results

Six cases met the inclusion criteria, with a prevalence of 5.17% (6/116) amongst male guinea pigs with abdominal imaging that included the soft tissues caudal to the pelvis. Collimation of 25% (28/112) of radiographic studies and 50% (4/8) of computed tomographic studies excluded this region. One necropsy report (3.23%, 1/31) during the study period evaluated the accessory sex glands. The most common clinical signs in identified cases were hematuria (66.7%, 4/6) and stranguria (50%, 3/6).

Conclusions and clinical relevance

The clinical significance of radiographic mineralization in the vicinity of the bulbourethral glands is unknown. This radiographic finding may be underreported due to collimation practices which may exclude the soft tissues caudal to the pelvis. Purposeful evaluation of these organs should be performed during imaging and necropsy evaluation to screen and develop better understanding of the clinical significance of this radiographic finding.

背景雄性豚鼠附属性腺的病理学描述很少。在对两例出现排尿症状的病例进行评估时，发现了骨盆尾部的矿物不透明。本研究的目的是确定这种疑似球状尿道腺的影像学发现的发生率，并描述相关的临床症状。方法对一家学术机构的医疗记录进行了回顾性审查，确定了腹部X光片、腹部计算机断层扫描和/或尸体解剖的雄性豚鼠。对现有的成像研究进行了评估，以确定骨盆尾部是否有矿物质不透明，并对尸体解剖报告进行了审查。结果有 6 例符合纳入标准，其中 5.17%（6/116）的雄性豚鼠的腹部成像包括骨盆尾部的软组织。25%（28/112）的放射学研究和50%（4/8）的计算机断层扫描研究均排除了这一区域。研究期间有一份尸检报告（3.23%，1/31）对附属性腺进行了评估。在已确定的病例中，最常见的临床症状是血尿（66.7%，4/6）和绞痛尿（50%，3/6）。由于准直法可能会将骨盆尾部的软组织排除在外，因此这一影像学发现可能被低估。在进行成像和尸体解剖评估时，应对这些器官进行有目的的评估，以筛查并更好地了解这一影像学发现的临床意义。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluation of Bothrops jararaca retina using optical coherence tomography 利用光学相干断层扫描评估鲎视网膜

IF 0.5 4区农林科学 Q3 Veterinary

Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine

Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2024.01.001

Débora G. Pinto , Marcelo P.N. de Carvalho , Kathleen F. Grego , Sávio S. Sant'Anna , Sung S. Watanabe , Paulo Sergio de M. Barros , Angélica M.V. Safatle

引用次数: 0

Successful management of acinar adenocarcinoma by pulmonary lobectomy in a pet rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) 宠物兔肺叶切除术成功治疗腺泡腺癌

IF 0.5 4区农林科学 Q3 Veterinary

Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine

Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2023.06.002

Laura Mercado , Isabelle Desprez , François Lafuma , Delphine Sarran , Julien Brune , Minh Huynh , Jérôme Abadie , Emmanuel Risi

Background

Primary lung neoplasms have rarely been reported in rabbits. The present case describes the diagnosis and successful surgical management of acinar adenocarcinoma in a pet rabbit.

Case description

An 8-year-old neutered male rabbit presented with signs of dyspnea that had worsened over several days. Thoracic radiography revealed a soft-tissue opacity in the right medial pulmonary lobe, which was subsequently confirmed on thoracic ultrasound. Computed tomography was performed, revealing a heterogeneous ovoid parenchymal mass. This mass was in contact with the caudal vena cava and the right diaphragmatic pilar. Fine-needle aspiration was performed, and the cytology results were consistent with an epithelial neoplasm in the right medial lobe. Right lateral thoracotomy and lobectomy of the right medial pulmonary lobe were performed. The patient recovered uneventfully, with improved appetite and fecal output. Histological analysis of the mass was consistent with acinar adenocarcinoma. Regular follow-up radiographs did not reveal any significant abnormalities.

Conclusions and case relevance

This case report describes the successful clinical management of an acinar adenocarcinoma of the lung treated by thoracic surgery in a pet rabbit. Primary pulmonary neoplasm should be a differential in rabbits presenting with respiratory signs.

家兔原发性肺肿瘤的报道很少。本病例描述了宠物兔腺泡腺癌的诊断和成功的手术治疗。病例描述:一只8岁的绝育公兔表现出呼吸困难的症状，并在几天内恶化。胸片显示右内侧肺叶软组织混浊，随后胸部超声证实。计算机断层扫描显示一个不均匀的卵形实质肿块。这个肿块与尾腔静脉和右侧膈柱接触。细针穿刺，细胞学结果与右内叶上皮性肿瘤一致。行右外侧开胸和右内侧肺叶肺叶切除术。患者恢复平稳，食欲和排便量均有改善。肿块的组织学分析符合腺泡癌。定期随访x线片未发现任何明显异常。结论和病例相关性:本病例报告描述了一例宠物兔胸部手术治疗的肺腺泡癌的成功临床治疗。原发性肺肿瘤应作为兔呼吸道体征的鉴别指标。

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引用次数: 0

Anesthetic effects of dexmedetomedineketamine sedation followed by isoflurane induction and maintenance in the saker falcon (Falco cherrug) 右美托美氯胺酮镇静后异氟醚诱导及维持对猎鹰的麻醉效果

IF 0.5 4区农林科学 Q3 Veterinary

Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine

Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2023.07.004

Eugenio Gaudio , Cristiano Franceschinis , Peter McKinney , Panagiotis Azmanis

Background

Avian anesthesia can be challenging due to birds’ anatomical and physiological peculiarities. Also, most drug doses and combinations used are empirical. The objective of this study was to evaluate the anesthetic quality and physiological changes after dexmedetomidine-ketamine sedation and isoflurane anesthesia in the saker falcon (Falco cherrug).

Methods

Twelve falcons weighing (mean±standard deviation) 915±175g were included in the study. Pre-sedation heart rate (HR) and respiratory rate (RR) were assessed. A combination of ketamine (3mg/kg) and dexmedetomidine (25µg/kg) was administered intramuscularly. Sedation times were recorded, physiological variables assessed, and various blood parameters measured. Induction was performed with isoflurane at 2% for 2 minutes and anesthesia was maintained at 1%. During maintenance, physiological variables were assessed at 5-minute intervals and blood parameters were re-evaluated before reversal administration. Recovery times were documented. Quality of sedation, maintenance, and recovery were assessed.

Results

Sedation was achieved within 2.9±1.0 minutes and quality of sedation and maintenance were deemed «excellent» in all falcons. HR values decreased during sedation (137±38 versus 99±13 beats per minute; p=0.001) and remained constant during maintenance. No significant differences were seen in RR from pre-sedation values. Mean arterial blood pressure (203±14 versus 168±22mmHg; p<0.001) and cloacal temperature (40.3±0.8 versus 38.9±1.0°C; p<0.001) decreased after induction. Hypoxemia (65.9±6.1mmHg) was observed at sedation but resolved during maintenance, while hypercarbia (54.2±11.5mmHg) and acidemia (7.28±0.036) developed. Full recovery was quick (12.3±3.9minutes).

Conclusions and clinical relevance

The proposed drug combination provided for high quality sedation, maintenance, and a satisfactory recovery. Nevertheless, alterations in the falcons’ physiology were documented.

由于鸟类的解剖和生理特性，麻醉可能具有挑战性。此外，使用的大多数药物剂量和组合都是经验性的。本研究的目的是评价右美托咪定-氯胺酮镇静和异氟醚麻醉对萨克猎鹰(Falco cherrug)麻醉质量和生理变化。方法选取体重(均数±标准差)915±175g的12只猎鹰进行研究。评估镇静前心率(HR)和呼吸频率(RR)。氯胺酮(3mg/kg)和右美托咪定(25µg/kg)联合肌注。记录镇静时间，评估生理变量，测量各种血液参数。用2%异氟醚诱导2分钟，麻醉维持在1%。在维持期间，每隔5分钟评估一次生理变量，并在逆转给药前重新评估血液参数。记录了恢复时间。评估镇静、维持和恢复的质量。结果镇静在2.9±1.0 min内实现，镇静和维持质量均为“优”。镇静时HR值降低(137±38 vs 99±13次/分钟);P =0.001)，并在维持期间保持不变。与镇静前相比，RR值无显著差异。平均动脉血压(203±14 vs 168±22mmHg);p<0.001)和肛管温度(40.3±0.8 vs 38.9±1.0°C;P<0.001)诱导后下降。在镇静时观察到低氧血症(65.9±6.1mmHg)，但在维持期间消退，而出现高碳血症(54.2±11.5mmHg)和酸血症(7.28±0.036)。完全恢复迅速(12.3±3.9min)。结论及临床意义所建议的药物组合提供了高质量的镇静，维持和令人满意的恢复。然而，隼的生理变化被记录了下来。

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引用次数: 0

In Memorium of Dr. James M. Harris 纪念詹姆斯·m·哈里斯博士

IF 0.5 4区农林科学 Q3 Veterinary

Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine

Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2023.09.001

引用次数: 0