Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine最新文献

Background

Case description

Conclusion and case relevance

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions and clinical relevance

Background

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation on the serum concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] in pet cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus) living in their home environments.

Methods

Thirty client-owned cockatiels were allocated to an intervention group, consisting of exposure to a commercial coil fluorescent bulb, or a control group, with no exposure to supplemental lighting. Blood samples were collected at baseline (Day 0) and 6 months after simple randomization for measurement of 25(OH)D (Day 180). A linear mixed model was used to determine if serum 25(OH)D concentrations were influenced by time, group, age, or sex.

Results

At baseline, median 25(OH)D concentration for the whole study population was 13 nmol/L (range, 0.0–15.0 nmol/L). At the end of the study, median 25(OH)D concentration for the whole study population was 6.5 nmol/L (0.0–15.0 nmol/L), for the control group was 3 nmol/L (0.0–8.0 nmol/L) and for the UVB group was 7.5 nmol/L (6.0–11.0 nmol/L). There was a statistically significant 50% reduction in 25(OH)D concentrations from the baseline to the final sampling period for the overall population, but no differences by group, age, or sex.

Conclusion and clinical relevance

The addition of a UVB bulb for 6 months to the enclosures of cockatiels did not increase their serum 25(OH)D concentrations. There was an unexplained decrease in both groups when comparing Day 0 to the Day 180 sampling period. The 50% attenuation in the UVB lighting group, although not statistically significant, may be clinically relevant and deserves further investigation.

Background

Canine distemper virus (CDV) is a highly contagious disease that has been reported in several mammals, including the domestic ferret (Mustela putorius furo). Vaccine-induced disease occurs when modified liver virus (MLV) vaccines are used.

Methods

A retrospecitive review of medical records and pathology reports from a single academic institution for 2022, was performed. All ferret cases that had CDV histopathology findings and positive CDV RT-PCR were included.

Results

Five cases were identified. Data was extracted from the available records/forms. Cases were presented between September and December of 2022 and included 2 castrated males and 3 unknown sex animals. (11-to 29-weekd old) from Oklahoma (n=4) and Virginia (n=1). All animals had clinical signs of CDV, originated from the same breeding facility, and were allegedly vaccinated with a commercially available MLV-CDV vaccine for mink. Histopathological findings were consistent with CDV< and brain and/or lung tissue was CDV positive by RT-PCR. H-gene sequencing identified America-1 strain/Lederly-CDV3-like genetic material with 99% identify with the vaccine. H-gene sequences showed that the CDV strains formed a separate clade in the tree within the Lederle group. The M-F regions were 100% identical to the MLV-CDDV vaccine.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

Based on sequencing, ferrets were infected with a CDV Lederle-like strain, which is believed to be extinct in the wild. The findings of these cases share several similarities to previous reports of vaccine-induced disease. MLV vaccines should be avoided for immunization of ferret kits, especially in settings like breeding facilities and pet stores, where epidemiologic risks are amplified.

Background

Successful surgical outcomes for temporomandibular joint luxation in rabbits are not well documented in the veterinary literature.

Case description

A 5-month-old male rabbit presented to a referral hospital following a traumatic incident 48 hours prior, that resulted in an inability to prehend food. At physical examination the mouth could not physically close and no crepitus was present. The open mouth was apparent during the physical examination. Computed tomography revealed a bilateral temporomandibular joint luxation. A closed reduction under general anesthesia was unsuccessful, resulting in an open surgical reduction, with bilateral coronoidectomy and condilectomy.

Conclusions and case relevance

The surgery facilitated mouth closure and return of the patient's ability to eat, which has continued now thirty-three months post-surgery. This case illustrates a long-term, successful surgical management of bilateral temporomandibular joint luxation in a pet rabbit.

Gastric dilatation and volvulus has been reported in mammals and exotic pets. A 7-month-old, male neutered, pet domestic rat (Rattus norvegicus) was presented for acute onset anorexia, lethargy and regurgitation. The patient was hospitalised and ultrasound and radiographs under a general anesthesia showed severe gastric dilatation. Based on diagnostic imaging findings, a laparotomy was performed, demonstrating a 180° clockwise rotation of the stomach. Derotation and a gastrotomy to remove material foreign body was performed. The patient recovered fully from the procedure. Gastrointestinal diseases have been reported in domestic pet rats, however gastric dilatation and volvulus should be considered as a differential for an acutely vomiting/regurgitating patient with gastric dilatation.