Journal of Ethnicity in Substance Abuse最新文献

Studies of high-risk digital media use often treat youth in the United States as a monolith. Here, we present results from an online survey study of 489 U.S. youth (aged 13-23) assessing relationships between drug-related online content exposure and drug use based on racial/ethnic identity. Regression models identified racial/ethnic differences in drug-related content exposure and interaction terms examined whether relationships of interest changed based on racial/ethnic identity. Racial/ethnic (RE)-minority youth had significantly higher odds of frequent exposure to drug-related content online and significant correlations between drug use and content exposure were seen among select populations of RE-minority youth. Assessments of drug-related digital media habits should be considered instrumental to understanding rising rates of drug use within U.S. RE-minority populations.

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of expressive writing on drug craving and symptoms of anxiety and depression among Chinese patients experiencing community-based drug use disorder rehabilitation. It was a multicenter, single-blind, randomized controlled trial. A total of 153 participants were recruited and provided with a 4-week intervention. They were randomly assigned to two groups: apart from routine community rehabilitation, one received expressive writing intervention (trial group) and the other received traditional psychological counseling (control group). Data were collected at baseline and after the intervention, while statistical analysis was performed by SPSS 23.0 software. After the 4-week intervention, endpoint scores of anxiety, depression, and drug craving were significantly lower in the trial group than in the control group (p < 0.05). In addition, reductions in anxiety, depression, and drug craving scores were greater in the trial group compared to the control group during the intervention (p < 0.001). Therefore, expressive writing was a safe, noninvasive, effective, and replicable therapeutic approach that worked well in alleviating the psychosocial dilemmas and mental stress of people who misuse drugs in the process of community-based detoxification, relapse prevention, and resocialization.

This study examined current mental health practices in methadone treatment in Vietnam. We conducted 23 interviews with participants with methadone experiences (n = 12), methadone physicians (n = 6), counselors (n = 5), and one focus group with family members. Mental health issues were primarily identified through casual observation, on-site support was limited, and referrals to psychiatric care were rarely pursued. Four factors shaped this situation: (1) a strained patient-provider relationship; (2) an inadequately trained, unstable, unmotivated workforce; (3) participants' financial constraints; and (4) mental health stigma and misconception. Addressing system-level factors to enforce treatment guidelines and improve provider working conditions is critical to improving care quality.

College students indicate high use of alcohol and marijuana; cultural influences may affect substance use. This study assessed the associations between alcohol and marijuana past 30-day use, and microaggressions, acculturation, and familism among Latinx college students. Participants (n = 484) completed measures, and structural equation modeling was used to yield results. Findings suggested that microaggressions were a risk factor for alcohol use, (B = -1.29, p = .007) while acculturation was a risk factor for marijuana use (B = 1.06, p = .011). No other statistically significant associations with alcohol or marijuana past 30-day use were observed. Culturally based prevention and intervention efforts appear warranted.

This study aims to determine the self-stigma of individuals with alcohol dependence in Turkey. In this study, a qualitative research approach and content analysis were used. Also, the phenomenological design was implemented, which is one of the qualitative research approaches. The study group of the research consisted of 37 alcohol-dependent individuals receiving inpatient treatment in an addiction treatment center (AMATEM) in Turkey. The data for this study were collected between January 14 and May 22, 2020. Two main themes emerged: 1) Opinions of Alcohol-Dependent Individuals on Themselves 2) Opinions of Society on Alcohol-Dependent Individuals. Also, seven sub-themes emerged regarding these themes. This study determined the self-stigmatization of alcohol-dependent individuals, their regrets, and the effect of culture and Islamic religion on self-stigmatization. At the research, alcohol-dependent individuals stated that they stigmatized, despised, and loathed themselves and alcohol consumers in general. In line with these results, combatting against social stigma toward alcohol-dependent individuals and providing the individuals stigmatizing themselves (self-stigma) or addicted to alcohol with training on alcohol dependence and stigma prevention are recommended.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a devastating increase in morbidity and mortality; however there is limited understanding of the continued toll of COVID-19 on mental health, opioid and alcohol related deaths.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional, retrospective study designed using the Wide Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research database from the United States (US) Center for Disease Control. This database contains all death certificate information on US residents. We examined trends of excess death by mental health and substance abuse (opioid and alcohol) among racial groups. Excess death was defined as the difference between observed number of deaths in a time period compared to the historic/expected number of deaths in a prior period. We compared mortality rates in the reference period 2018-2019 (pre-pandemic) with 2020-2021 (early pandemic), and 2022-2023 (late pandemic). We compared excess mortality in racial subgroups of Black and White individuals. Mental health deaths were attributed by International Statistical Classification of Diseases (ICD) F06, F10-F19, F20-F29, F51, F51-F60 opioid deaths (ICD X40-X44, X60-X64, X85, Y10-Y14), and alcohol deaths (ICD E24.4, F10, G31).

Results: Compared to referent period (2018-2019), there was an increase in deaths attributed to Mental and Behavioral Disorders by 35.9% in 2020-2021 (early) and by 30.1% in 2022-2023 (late). This was consistent across opioid related mortality with an increase by 43.5% in 2020-2021 and 36.1% in 2022-2023, and increase in alcohol related deaths by 35.3% in 2020-2021 and 28.1% in 2022-2023. On subgroup analysis Black compared to white individuals demonstrated significantly increased rates of mortality due to Mental health (43.6% vs 34.4% p = 0.0029) in 2020-2021. This disparity was especially seen in excess opioid mortality in Black compared to white individuals (75.3% vs 36.8% p < 0.0001 in 2020-2021, and 89.5% vs 24.7% in 2022-2023 p < 0.0001). Black individuals compared to white individuals had excess death due to alcohol (43.5% vs 33.6%, p value 0.0002) in 2020-2021.

Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to significant and persistent increase in mental health and substance abuse mortality. Excess mortality has significantly and disproportionately affected Black individuals compared to white individuals, highlighting the need for future studies to identify and eliminate the healthcare disparities.

Adolescent drug abuse is a growing issue globally, including in Malaysia, with increasing rates. However, there is limited research on tools assessing adolescents' vulnerability to substance abuse, particularly using Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Theory. To fill this gap, this study aimed to develop and validate the Environmental Factors in Drug Abuse Tendency Instrument content validation and statistical analyses. Content validity was established through expert reviews, with 10 experts assessing the questionnaire. The instrument achieved a high Content Validity Index (CVI) of >0.80, indicating strong agreement among experts. Construct validity was examined using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), revealing that from the original 43 items, only 10 items were retained due to empirical factor loadings. The final instrument measured a single environmental factor contributing to 19.1% of the total variance, with factor loadings ranging from .352 to .674. Additionally, the reliability assessment using Cronbach's alpha demonstrated a high internal consistency of 0.793, exceeding the acceptable threshold of 0.70. These findings suggest that while content validity was robust, the construct validation process led to significant item reduction, highlighting the importance of rigorous statistical validation. This instrument provides a validated measure for assessing environmental influences on adolescent drug abuse tendencies. It offers valuable insights for policymakers, educators, and intervention programs in designing targeted strategies to mitigate adolescent substance abuse.

Background: Illicit substances can make their way into the circulation of hospitalized individuals who received blood units from unverified donors, endangering their lives in the process. This study aimed to investigate the percentage and the types of drugs of use in donated blood of Palestinians in the North West Bank.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at two major hospitals in Nablus. Three hundred eighty-two male donors aged 18-65 were recruited, surveyed by questionnaires, and tested for illicit substances (12 drugs) by multidrug urine tests.

Results: Out of the 12 drugs tested, five were found to be positive in the participant's urine, and 11.8% of participants had positive results for at least one drug. 7.1%, 6.3%, 5.5%, 4.2%, and 1.8% tested positive for benzodiazepines, amphetamine, methamphetamine, tetrahydrocannabinol and barbiturates, respectively. Moreover, 5.0% of the participants tested positive for a single drug, 4.2% for two drugs, and 2.9% for three drugs, 1.3% for four substances simultaneously, and 0.3 for five drugs. Waterpipe smoking (OR = 2.348, p-value = 0.016) and e-cigarette use (OR = 2.965, p-value = 0.020) were significantly associated with illicit substance use. Benzodiazepines' users were more likely to barbiturates (OR = 44.783, p-value = 0.004) and methamphetamine (OR = 12.158, p-value = 0.013) users.

Conclusion: The present study highlights the importance of screening blood and blood products in blood banks for commonly used drugs, in addition to regular checkups for infectious diseases. It is advised to make this step a routine in blood screening as much as the facilities permit. Controlling and confiscating drugs of use and illegal substances requires better strategies and procedures.

The aim of this study is to examine the correlation between mindfulness and relapse prediction in individuals with substance use disorder. The study was conducted on individuals who were diagnosed with substance use disorders and were receiving at the psychiatry outpatient clinic of a university hospital in Turkey. In the study, 193 individuals with substance use disorders were reached. The study was conducted with descriptive and correlational design and the "Personal Description Form," the "Mindful Attention Awareness Scale," and the "Relapse Prediction Scale" were employed to collect the data. The findings of study determined that as the strength of substance use urge increased, so did the likelihood of using, and the level of Mindfulness decreased as the strength of substance use urge and the likelihood of using increased.

This paper presents a qualitative report of semi-structured interviews with 10 Panjabi women who are caregivers to men (specifically husbands) with substance use disorder (SUD) in Surrey, British Columbia, Canada. Core themes identified depict the significant burden caregivers carry due to managing simultaneous financial and parenting duties, negative emotional impacts of caregiving, and attempts to conceal substance use by both the participants and their husbands. Despite this, all participants shared nuanced reasons to stay in their marriage, including for their children, for financial stability or to avoid stigmatization. Participants emphasized the need for culturally competent care, family involvement in SUD treatment, compassion toward people with SUD and increased resources for women caregivers.