Journal of Ethnicity in Substance Abuse最新文献

Black/African American (hereafter, Black) adults who smoke are at risk for tobacco-related health disparities in the United States (US). Although racial-based stressors (e.g., discrimination) are associated with smoking among this group, past work has not characterized individual differences in negative emotional reactivity to racial/ethnic stress in terms of smoking. The present investigation sought to address this limitation and evaluate the incremental validity of negative emotional reactivity to racial/ethnic stress on smoking processes after accounting for clinically important covariates. Participants included 517 Black individuals from the US who endorsed daily cigarette smoking (≥5 cigarettes per day, M_age = 45.1 years of age, 51.5% female). Results indicated that negative emotional reactivity to racial/ethnic minority stress was associated with an increased risk of severity of problems when quitting (ΔR² = .01), perceived barriers for smoking cessation (ΔR² = .03), and addictive (ΔR² = .03) as well as negative mood reduction smoking motives (ΔR² = .04); with effects evident after adjusting for frequency of racial/ethnic discrimination and other factors (e.g., drug use problems). Overall, the present findings provide novel empirical evidence that negative emotional reactivity to racial/ethnic minority stress among Black adults in the US is associated with several smoking processes implicated in the maintenance and relapse of smoking.

This study aims to investigate the mechanism of relapse tendency in male drug abusers and provide empirical evidence for reducing relapse tendency of drug abusers. A survey was conducted on 310 male individuals with drug addiction using Chinese Perceived Stress Scale (CPSS), Simple Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ), the Regulatory Emotional Self-Efficacy Scale, and the Relapse Tendency Scale (RTS). (1) Stress is significantly positively correlated with the relapse tendency of individuals with drug addiction; (2) Stress indirectly affects relapse tendency through regulatory emotional self-efficacy; (3) Regulatory emotional self-efficacy can directly and negatively predict relapse tendency, and can also indirectly and negatively predict relapse tendency through coping style. Stress coping theory, tension elimination theory, and the self-administration hypothesis are applicable to explain the tendency to relapse due to stress among compulsory isolated drug abusers in China; Regulatory emotional self-efficacy and coping style play a chain mediating role between stress and relapse tendency of male individuals with drug addiction.

There is evidence that substance use and smoking cause some adverse effects on the respiratory system. The aim of this study was to assess dyspnea severity, respiratory muscle strength, cough capacity, and sleep quality in people with substance use disorder (SUD). Forty eight individuals with SUD and 28 active cigarette smokers participated in the study. Participants' dyspnea severity was assessed using the Modified Medical Research Council Scale, respiratory muscle strength was measured with a portable electronic mouth pressure device, peak cough flow was assessed with a Peak Flow Meter, and sleep quality was determined using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The amount of daily cigarette smoking and dyspnea severity were significantly higher in individuals with SUD (p < .001). Peak cough flow values, maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP), maximum expiratory pressure (MEP), MIP (%predicted), and MEP (%predicted) were not significantly different between the SUD patients and the active cigarette smokers (p > .05). However, PSQI sub-parameters such as subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, habitual sleep efficiency, use of sleeping medication, and total scores showed significant differences between the SUD patients and the active cigarette smokers (p < .05, p < .001, p = .03, p < .001, p < .001, respectively). Individuals with SUD were found to have higher dyspnea and poorer sleep quality than active smokers. However, respiratory muscle strength and cough capacities were similar.

Drug consumption among young women in Bangladesh is increasing day by day. The research aims to analyze the factors influencing young females to take drugs in Bangladesh. This exploratory study was carried out using a qualitative research method. Primary data were collected via in-depth interviews. Seventeen addicted young women from Bangladesh were chosen for this study by a snowball sampling technique. The data from the interviews were thoroughly examined. Intimate relationships with family and friends have the greatest impact on women's drug use. Aligning with Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 5 and SDG target 3.5, the study underscores the critical need for gender-sensitive approaches to address the unique vulnerabilities faced by young women. The findings revealed several factors that significantly impacted drug consumption among young women in Bangladesh, including the influence of social groups and peers, family-related issues, inadequate awareness and education on drugs, the ready availability of drugs, and psychological factors such as stress and curiosity. Additionally, women who use drugs often face severe social stigma and gender-based violence, which deters them from seeking help and exacerbates their addiction. Limited access to health services due to economic and societal constraints further hinders their ability to receive proper care and support. Implementing strategies that address these gender-specific factors will not only help mitigate drug abuse but also contribute to improved public health outcomes and advance sustainable development.

Aim: Substance abuse has been an increasingly common entity among youth, that has turned into one of the major concerns for almost all countries in the world. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of inpatient and outpatient treatment practises for adolescent diagnosed with susbtance use disorder (SUD).

Methods: Participants included 30 adolescents with SUD in the outpatient unit, 30 in the inpatient unit, and a control group of 30 adolescents without psychiatric diagnoses. Measurements were taken at the beginning and end of an 8-week treatment program using CGAS and HoNOSCA scales.

Results: The 8-week treatment program significantly improved overall functioning and reduced psychiatric symptoms, with greater improvements observed in the inpatient group.

Conclusion: Inpatient treatment resulted in better overall functioning and symptom improvement in adolescents with SUD. Long-term follow-up studies are needed.

The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a mindfulness-based training program in improving marital adjustment and reducing impulsivity among Iranian couples. The study used a quasi-experimental design with two groups: experimental and control. The sample of the current study consisted of 16 married couples from the city of Tehran, totaling 32 participants. The participants were randomly assigned to two groups, experimental and control, with each group consisting of 8 couples. The results indicated the effectiveness of the mindfulness program in enhancing marital adjustment, with the posttest mean rising to (2.86), and the average impulsivity score decreased to 2.59, indicating a significant reduction in impulsivity among Iranian couples. Mindfulness-based therapy directly affects participants' ability to regulate immediate emotions. This increased awareness significantly helps in managing harmful mental behaviors such as impulsivity, substance abuse, and poor adaptability. Future research should investigate the broader effects of mindfulness on mental and behavioral outcomes, with a focus on addressing impulsivity in young couples. Additionally, incorporating mindfulness-based therapy for couples both before and during marriage could enhance interpersonal relationships and overall quality of life.

The issue of substance use disorders among college students is a growing problem that has been widely studied and reported on in recent years. However, the experiences of black college students in recovery have been largely underrepresented. Although white college students tend to have higher rates of substance use, black college students face unique challenges in accessing resources that support recovery from substance use disorders. This article will highlight the experiences of black college students in recovery, the barriers they face, the importance of collegiate recovery community programs in addressing these barriers, and the need for more programs that cater to these experiences. Through an exploration of literature and current efforts, this article aims to emphasize the significance of collegiate recovery among black college students and a need for the implementation of culturally sensitive and responsive programs at historically black colleges and universities.

Cigarette smoking is associated with adverse physical and mental health among Latinx adults in the United States. The present investigation sought to explore the main and interactive effects of anxiety symptoms and anxiety sensitivity in relation to cigarette dependence, perceived barriers for smoking cessation, and severity of problems experienced when quitting among adult Latinx smokers. Participants included 338 Latinx adult daily cigarette smokers (M_age = 35.53 years; SD = 8.65; age range 18-61; 37.3% female). Results indicated that anxiety symptoms were associated with greater cigarette dependence, severity of problems when quitting, and perceived barriers for smoking cessation (effect size range: 2%-3% of variance), whereas anxiety sensitivity was related to severity of problems when quitting and perceived barriers for smoking cessation (effect size range: 2%-3% of variance). There was also a statistically significant interaction between anxiety sensitivity and anxiety symptoms for cigarette dependence; anxiety was related to cigarette dependence for Latinx smokers with higher levels of anxiety sensitivity, but not for those with lower levels of anxiety sensitivity. Overall, the present findings indicate that anxiety symptoms and anxiety sensitivity are relevant factors for better understanding cigarette dependence, problems experienced when trying to quit, and perceptions of barriers to quitting among adult Latinx smokers.

The consumption pattern of alcohol varies between cultures and different communities. Moreover, alcohol consumption pattern depends on age, religion, education, type of drink, and other socio-economic parameters. Alcohol use has reportedly declined in most developed counties, but developing countries still witnessed an increasing trend. The study investigated socio-economic drivers, nature, and patterns of alcohol use among adult men in India. We have also investigated the state-level alcohol prevalence in India better to understand the impact of state-level alcohol prohibition policies. We have retrieved the data from the National Family Health survey's fourth and fifth-round, which was conducted in 2015-2016 and 2020-2021, respectively. We used the bi-variate technique to estimate that percentage of men who consume alcohol. Furthermore, a multivariate logistic regression model was applied to assess the association of each background characteristic with alcohol consumption. It is observed that 19 percent of men aged 15 and above currently drink alcohol, including 20 percent in rural and 17 percent in urban areas. The consumption of tadi/madi/country liquor/homemade liquor was high in rural areas than in urban areas in both rounds of the survey. Additionally, beer or wine consumption is higher in urban areas than in rural areas in NFHS-4 and NFHS-5. Among the 35-49 years of age group, around 6 and 8 times more likely to consume alcohol in NFHS-4 and NFHS-5, respectively. Rural men were 18 and one percent less likely to consume alcohol in NFHS-4 & 5 compared to urban (OR: 0.82 and 0.99 in NFHS-4 & 5 respectively). Despite an overall reduction in alcohol consumption among men, lowering alcohol consumption remains the main priority of policymakers. There is a need to target the most vulnerable socio-economic segments where alcohol consumption is still a problem, one of the primary reasons for violence against women.