Journal of Ethnicity in Substance Abuse最新文献

The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between self-stigma and treatment motivation among individuals with substance use disorders in Westside of Turkey. Descriptive cross-sectional design study's sample consisted of 141 patients with substance use disorder receiving treatment in an alcohol and drug treatment unit in Westside of Turkey. Data were collected using the Treatment Motivation Questionnaire (TMQ) and the Substance Abuse Self-Stigma Scale (SASSS). Self-stigma was positively correlated with internal motivation, external motivation, interpersonal help-seeking and treatment motivation (p < 0.001). Self-stigma was negatively correlated with confidence in treatment (p < 0.05). The simple linear regression analysis showed a significant relationship between treatment adherence and self-stigma (R:0.98, R2: 0.96, p < 0.001).

This study sought to evaluate the outcomes of a community-based rehabilitation program for voluntary and court-mandated drug users in the Philippines. Participants went through a bio-psycho-social-spiritual group-based program that aimed to develop their recovery skills and life skills. The program also included family modules to enhance their knowledge of drug use, its effects, and the role of family in recovery. A cohort design was used with pre- and posttest surveys administered before and immediately after the program. The sample consisted of 105 voluntary clients and 118 court-mandated clients who underwent screening or drug dependency evaluation and were recommended for community-based treatment. The program was conducted weekly by trained paraprofessionals. Results reveal significant improvements in recovery and life skills, well-being, quality of life, and family support for both voluntary and court-mandated clients. No significant differences were found between groups, suggesting that community-based interventions are a viable alternative to inpatient or treatment in closed settings for both voluntary and court-mandated clients.

Background: Substance use disorder profoundly affects not only the individuals with the condition but also their family members, particularly children. The impact on children can be long-lasting, influencing their development and well-being throughout their lives. The study explored the determinants of perceived shame in young adults with paternal substance use disorder in Pakistan.

Method: Eight young adults aged 20-30 with paternal substance use disorder were selected through a purposive sampling technique for this study. A phenomenological research design, with interpretative phenomenological analysis, was used to gain an in-depth and comprehensive perspective. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with the participants.

Result: Two master themes with respective two sub-themes along with 40 codes were identified i.e., personal distress (psychological problems and existential crises) and social and relational issues (social problems and interpersonal turmoil).

Conclusion: Shame is the dominant factor that young adults with paternal substance use face. The study highlighted that these young adults face many personal, social, and relational issues that intensify their feelings of shame. This study may assist mental health professionals in developing effective strategies to decrease the feeling of shame in young adults affected by paternal substance use disorder.

The present study examined the effects of cultural factors(ethnic identity, acculturation, perceived discrimination, and religiosity), derived from the Multicultural Assessment-Intervention Process (MAIP) model, on attitudes toward prescription drug use among Iranian/Persian Americans across the United States. The study consisted of a final sample of 454 Iranian/Persian American adult participants. The results indicated that Iranian/Persian American attitudes toward prescription drug use are impacted by demographic and cultural factors. Less heritage acculturation was found to be a predictor of attitudes toward the use of recreational and achievement-oriented prescription drug use. Further, perceived discrimination, specifically, perceived stigmatization and threat/aggression as well as less identification with Iranian/Persian heritage culture, were found to predict more positive attitudes toward prescription drug use among Iranian/Persian Americans. Religiosity was not found to be predictive of prescription drug usage. The present study underscores the usefulness of considering the impact of Iranian/Persian American ethnic identity, acculturation, and perceived discrimination in treating substance abuse within this population. Clinical implications, limitations, and future research are discussed.

Maternal smoking increases adverse risks for both the mother's pregnancy and the unborn child and remains disproportionately high among some Indigenous peoples. Decreasing smoking among pregnant Indigenous women has been identified as a health priority in New Zealand because of wide inequities in smoking-related harms. Using pre- and post-intervention questionnaires, this feasibility study assessed the acceptability and potential efficacy of a novel cessation program designed for Indigenous women by Indigenous experts utilizing traditional knowledge and practice. COVID-19 lockdowns displaced program delivery to online teaching videos, social media and a smartphone app using augmented reality. The target population comprised adult (≥22 years) women who self-identified as Māori, were in the first or second trimester, and currently smoked and wanted to quit. Based on the response to our advertisements (>500 individuals) and the short period of time (<2 weeks) it took to recruit participants, the program appeared to be acceptable. Furthermore, it achieved high retention (20/24 (83%) women remained at the 16-week follow-up), and facilitated maintenance of high motivation to stop smoking. By the end of the program, 9/20 (45%) of participants reported not smoking. A consistently mentioned value of the program was that it increased the participants' knowledge of Māori culture, particularly about pregnancy, birthing, and post-natal support. This study supports the potential for traditional knowledge and healing methods alongside contemporary communication tools such as mobile apps and augmented reality to increase the attractiveness and reach of smoking cessation programs for pregnant Indigenous women, even if delivered online.

Background: Due to a lack of awareness and inadequate health infrastructure, the treatment gap for any mental illness is increasing in lower- and middle-income countries, including India. As an alternative to institutional treatment, community de-addiction camps play an important role.

Method: This comparative study examined alcohol use profiles, motivation to quit, and attitudes toward drinking in 84 participants, equally divided between a community alcohol de-addiction camp (n = 42) and a clinical setting (n = 42). Data were collected using a socio-demographic data sheet; alcohol use profile questionnaire; AUDIT, DASS21, and SOCRATES scales, and attitude toward drinking scale.

Results: The study found that community-based alcohol de-addiction camp participants were significantly older than the clinical population (p = 0.009). The mean age of alcohol onset was significantly lower in the camp group (p = 0.005), but the onset of regular use and duration of use were similar. Most participants in both groups drank daily. More clinical participants had previously attempted to quit (p = 0.025). There were no significant differences in stress, anxiety, or depression between groups. Camp participants showed higher motivation to quit (recognition: p = 0.15, ambivalence: p = 0.002, taking steps: p = 0.001), while clinical participants had a higher attitude toward drinking (social ease: p = 0.003, pleasure: p = 0.17, economic aspects: p = 0.2).

Conclusion and clinical implications: Both groups showed high daily alcohol use and readiness to quit, but alcohol de-addiction camp participants (ADCP) participants had higher eagerness for treatment and lower attitudes toward drinking. The study highlights the benefits of tailored, community-based interventions.

The large majority (over 70%) of American Indian adolescents who reside in cities rather than tribal lands or rural areas report relatively earlier onset of substance use and more harmful associated health effects, compared to their non-Native peers.

Objective: This study investigated multilevel ecodevelopmental influences on empirically derived patterns of substance use among urban American Indian adolescents.

Method: Data came from 8th, 10th, and 12th grade American Indian adolescents (n = 2,407) in metropolitan areas of Arizona. Using latent class analysis, their recent use of various substances fell into four patterns: polysubstance users consuming alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, other illicit drugs, and misusing prescription or OTC drugs; users of only alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana; those using only substances other than alcohol; and nonusers. Measures of positive and negative family, peer, school and neighborhood influences were used to predict latent class assignment, employing the R3STEP command in Mplus, while controlling for student gender, age, grade level, and multiracial identity, as well as family type, parental education, and household size.

Results: In bivariate tests, each of the positive influences predicted being drug free rather than engaging in one of three distinctive types of substance use, while negative influences predicted recent use of some substances and, among users, polysubstance use rather than the other two patterns of substance use. In multivariate tests of all the ecodevelopmental influences, the negative influences-in the family and among peers especially-were the strongest and most consistent predictors of substance use and of polysubstance use in particular.

The study examined the pathway patients with alcohol use disorders followed to access tertiary care psychiatry services. We assessed 110 patients and one family member for each patient who sought psychiatry care for alcohol-related problems for the first time using the WHO encounter form. Only 5.5% of patients followed a direct pathway. The rest reached the tertiary hospital after third, fourth, and fifth encounters with other service providers such as traditional and faith healers, medical practitioners, and general hospitals. Although the family decided to seek the first consultation, medical professionals played a pivotal role in referring patients to psychiatry care.

Gabapentin is an anticonvulsant that has an abuse potential. The aim of this study was to investigate the misuse and abuse of gabapentin in Jordan from the perspective of community pharmacists. A cross-sectional survey using a self-reported structured questionnaire was used with a convenience sample of pharmacists employed by various independent and chain community pharmacies. An online technique was used in this study using Google forms. A total of 215 questionnaires were completed, with 200 respondents (93%) reporting awareness of cases of gabapentin abuse in their pharmacies. Less than half of the respondents (n = 94; 43.7%) indicated that gabapentin requests were not accompanied by prescriptions. Almost two-thirds of respondents (63.6%) noticed an increased pattern of gabapentin abuse/misuse during the last 6 months. The study underscores the need for regulatory efforts and pharmacovigilance to manage potential gabapentin abuse, along with pharmacist and patient education at the community pharmacy, regarding potential abuse of gabapentin.

Over the last thirty-five years, academic researchers in Ireland have consistently demonstrated the relationship between social deprivation and the most severe instances of drug-related harm. More recently, researchers have begun to include the voices of drug users with lived experiences of harm in these discussions. However, these studies have more often tended to focus on drug users' views on alternative drug policy options, rather than their views on the social and economic factors relevant to their experiences of drug-related harm. Therefore, the current study conducted 12 in-depth interviews with drug users experiencing harm in an Irish city, in order to elicit their views on the specific role they believe social and economic factors played in conditioning their later experiences of drug--related harm. The study participants highlight harms experienced in the education system, the family home, and the local community as more relevant to their later experiences of drug-related harm than their social deficits in education, a lack of resources in the local community or in their families. Many participants also discuss meaningful relationships as the last defence against these harms and argue that the loss of such relationships coincided with their most severe incidences of drug-related harm. The study concludes with a discussion of the conceptual framework of structural violence in terms of its potential for interpreting the participants' views and suggests several avenues for further research.